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1
Gauthier, Isabelle. "Persuader avant trois ans : étude longitudinale des moyens employés par la dyade mère-enfant et de leurs effets en situation communicative de requête." Nancy 2, 2001. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/NANCY2/doc206/2001NAN21013_1.pdf.
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Cette recherche a pour objectif d'apprécier le développement et l'étendue des compétences persuasives précoces, plus spécifiquement langagières, mises en œuvre par l'enfant en situation communicative de requête. Ces épisodes sont analysés lorsque la mère et l'enfant sont tour à tour initiateur et adresse, permettant à la fois des comparaisons interindividuelles (mére/enfant) et intra-individuelles (statut initiateur/adresse) des moyens utilisés par chacun et de leurs effets sur le déroulement de l'interaction conversationnelle. L'analyse de base sur deux corpora d'interaction naturelle mère-enfant recueillis de manière longitudinale alors que les enfants étaient âgés de 1 ; 6 à 3 ; 0. Les deux enfants, issus de classes moyennes et enfants uniques sont en train d'acquérir le français. En dehors des formulations classiques de la requête et du refus, les résultats soulignent la part importante accordée par les dyades aux conduites justificatives. Par ailleurs, ils révèlent une utilisation différenciée de la justification en fonction de la conduite à laquelle elle se rapporte (requête/refus), montrant une intégration précoce par l'enfant des règles pragmatiques liées à sa production. De plus, nous avons montré qu'en cas de conflit, les enfants recourent principalement à la conduite justificative afin de surpasser les refus justifiés des mères. Cette utilisation contre-argumentative précoce de la justification permet alors à l'enfant d'augmenter ses chances d'obtenir satisfaction. Enfin, nous avons relevé une évolution de la nature des différents contenus justificatifs avancés par l'enfant en appui de ses requêtes et de ses refus pouvant être reliée avec leur implication sur la résolution des épisodes de requête. Ces résultats seront discutés en relation avec la capacité socio-cognitive croissant de l'enfant à prendre en compte et à s'adapter au point de vue de son interlocuteur<br>This research estimates the child's early persuasive skills, especially speech means, and their developments in the communicative situation or request. These sequences are analysed when child and mother in both turn initiate and are directed to, which allows interpersonal (mother/child) and intrapersonal (initiate/directed) comparisons of the use and effect of each mean on the unfolding of the conversationnal interaction. The analyse is based on two longitudinal studies of mother-child natural interaction which occured between the ages of 1;6 and 3;0. Children are both only-child, from the middle-classe and french is their native language. Apart from classical forms of requesting and refusing, results underline that dyades give an important share to justificative behaviours. Besides, they reveal a distinguished use of the justification relative to the behaviour it refeers to (request/refusal), showing the child's early understanding of the pragmatic rules of its production. Moreover, we pointed out that in conflicting situations, children mostly jusitfy their requests when mothers have already justified their refusals. Then, this early contra-argumentative use of the justification increases the child's probability of being satisfied. Finaly, we found an evolution in the nature (kind) of different justificatory contents given by the child as a support of her/his request and refusal, that can be linked with their effect on the sorting of the exchange. Those results will be discussed regarding the child's growing socio-cognitive hability to take into account and fit with her/his interlocutor's point of view
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Krishna, Sooraj. "Modelling communicative behaviours for different roles of pedagogical agents." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021SORUS286.
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Les agents dans un environnement d'apprentissage peuvent avoir divers rôles et comportements sociaux qui peuvent influencer les objectifs et la motivation des apprenants de différentes manières. L'apprentissage autorégulé (SRL) est un cadre conceptuel complet qui englobe les aspects cognitifs, métacognitifs, comportementaux, motivationnels et affectifs de l'apprentissage et implique les processus de définition d'objectifs, de suivi des progrès, d'analyse des commentaires, d'ajustement des objectifs et des actions de l'apprenant. Dans cette thèse, nous présentons une interaction d'apprentissage multi-agent impliquant divers rôles d'agent pédagogique visant à améliorer l'autorégulation de l'apprenant tout en s'engageant dans une activité d'apprentissage socialement partagée. Nous avons utilisé des rôles distincts d'agents, définis par leurs attitudes sociales et leurs compétences, pour proposer des stratégies d'échafaudage de régulation spécifiques à l'apprenant. La méthodologie suivie dans cette thèse a commencé par la définition de rôles d'agent pédagogique dans un contexte de régulation socialement partagé et le développement d'une tâche d'apprentissage collaboratif pour faciliter l'autorégulation. Une série d'études d'utilisateurs a été menée pour comprendre les perceptions des apprenants sur les rôles des agents, les comportements associés et la tâche d'apprentissage. Dans l'ensemble, les travaux présentés dans cette thèse explorent comment divers rôles d'agents peuvent être utilisés pour fournir un échafaudage de régulation aux apprenants dans un contexte d'apprentissage socialement partagé<br>Agents in a learning environment can have various roles and social behaviours that can influence the goals and motivation of the learners in distinct ways. Self-regulated learning (SRL) is a comprehensive conceptual framework that encapsulates the cognitive, metacognitive, behavioural, motivational and affective aspects of learning and entails the processes of goal setting, monitoring progress, analyzing feedback, adjustment of goals and actions by the learner. In this thesis, we present a multi-agent learning interaction involving various pedagogical agent roles aiming to improve the self-regulation of the learner while engaging in a socially shared learning activity. We used distinct roles of agents, defined by their social attitudes and competence characteristics, to deliver specific regulation scaffolding strategies for the learner. The methodology followed in this Thesis started with the definition of pedagogical agent roles in a socially shared regulation context and the development of a collaborative learning task to facilitate self-regulation. Based on the learning task framework, we proposed a shared learning interaction consisting of a tutor agent providing external regulation support focusing on the performance of the learner and a peer agent demonstrating co-regulation strategies to promote self-regulation in the learner. A series of user studies have been conducted to understand the learner perceptions about the agent roles, related behaviours and the learning task. Altogether, the work presented in this thesis explores how various roles of agents can be utilised in providing regulation scaffolding to the learners in a socially shared learning context
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Ziegler, Gudrun. "Les stéréotypisations ou la mise en oeuvre des catégorisations dans la communication en cours de langue." Paris 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA030145.
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Quel rôle jouent les " stéréotypes " dans le processus d'acquisition et de transmission d'une langue étrangère ? Quelle place leur est accordée en cours de langue ? Dans quel cadre théorique les " stéréotypes " s'emploient-ils en cours de langue et quelle justification empirique leur est-elle apportée ? En partant des différents concepts du " stéréotype " mobilisés dans le cadre de la controverse autour de la notion de " stéréotype " dans le domaine de l'enseignement et de l'acquisition des langues, ces questions sont étayées par des analyses de cas qui – sous l'angle des conditions d'interaction propres au cours de langue en tant que structure sociale complexe – mettent en évidence les processus de catégorisation, c'est-à-dire de " stéréotypisation " à l'œuvre dans l'interaction communicationnelle en cours de langue étrangère. L'analyse des données relevées dans les cours de langue démontrent à la lumière des rétrospections subjectives des interactants, apprenants et enseignants, les fonctions qui incombent aux " stéréotypisations " lors de la gestion de l'interaction en langue étrangère ainsi que leurs enjeux dans la co-constitution des catégorisations et la construction des savoirs. Ainsi, il est possible d'établir les prémisses didactiques telles qu'elles résultent des analyses de cas et d'apporter des preuves empiriques quant au rôle des stéréotypisations en cours de langue<br>Do " stereotypes " play a significant role in the processes of foreign language teaching and learning ? How does stereotyping appear within the foreign language class ? What kind of theoretical or empirical explanations are given in order to legitimize categorizations which occur during the interaction between teachers and learners of a foreign language within the class ? Considering different concepts of " stereotypes " which are brought along within the field of foreign language teaching and learning, these questions are discussed in the light of case studies showing the ongoing process of categorization in the foreign language classroom. Interactionnal data of foreign language classroom communication as well as individual reconstructions of categorizations which occurred within the language classroom bring to light the importance of categorizing and stereotyping not only as an effective means of interaction management and control but also as an important stage of knowledge construction. Considering these empirical findings further conclusions concerning the didactic implications of categorizations in the process of foreign language teaching and learning can be drawn
4
Zhang, Qiaochao. "Developing a pedagogical framework for teaching Chinese aspect markers le, guo, zai and zhe : a comparative study of the Grammar-Translation approach and a communicative approach." Thesis, Aston University, 2016. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/30377/.
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The L2 acquisition of Chinese aspect markers has been investigated by many researchers (Sun, D. 1993; Zhao, L. 1996; Wen, X. 1997; Teng, S. 1999; Li, D. and Duff 1998, Duff and Li, D. 2002; Jin, L. and Hendriks 2005; Ma, L. 2006). Their studies show two main findings, one is the acquisition order of the aspect markers, and the other is the accuracy in using the aspect markers. Among those, only Duff and Li, D. (2002) mentioned the effect of teaching on the accuracy of using Chinese aspect. However, it is unknown what impacts teaching methods/approaches could have on learners’ use of the aspect markers. This thesis aims to contribute to filling that gap. It explores whether a specific teaching framework assists the learning of Chinese aspect markers by L2 learners. We designed a session of Chinese aspect following the acquisition order of the Chinese aspect markers suggested by previous studies. The session was delivered to two groups of beginner level learners in a UK university using different teaching approaches. One is the Grammar-Translation approach, which focuses on learning of aspectual forms, and the other is a communicative approach, which focuses on comprehension. The learners took a pre-test assessing their general knowledge of Chinese, an immediate test after the teaching session on aspect to compare the immediate impact of teaching approaches, and a post-test after two months to trace the lasting effect the teaching approaches. The results show that the Grammar-Translation approach leads to better accuracy levels than communicative approach in using aspects in grammatical tasks, whereas the communicative approach does not necessarily lead to learners’ better use of aspect than the grammar-translation approach in comprehension tasks.
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Михайлова, О. В. "Комунікативно-функціональні характеристики давньоанглійського простого речення та особливості його перекладу". Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2009. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/17434.
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Ronsse, Jean-Michel. "Média société et communication." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/213308.
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McKee, Erin Leigh. "Conflict-Conditioned Communication: A Case Study of Communicative Relations between the United States and Iran from 2005-2008." PDXScholar, 2011. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/264.
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In protracted international conflicts, truth is often sacrificed in the name of victory. Political realists see international politics as a competition to win power, retain power, and demonstrate power; misleading the enemy in the name of strategy and misleading the public in the name of security are necessary elements of the game. A less obvious condition is that those caught in the cycle of intergroup conflict also withhold truths from themselves. This denial of truth and reality--to the Other, to the public, and to the self--is especially prevalent in the communicative relationship between the United States and the Islamic Republic of Iran. This study explores the communicative relationship between the United States and Iran via mass media with a particular focus on propaganda as "natural." The literature review explains how conflict-conditioned communication grows and operates within the context of intergroup conflict, including the significance of globalization and information technology. The communicative relationship between the United States and Iran is used as a case study to explore conflict-conditioned communication. A snapshot of the U.S.-Iran communicative relationship was taken from May 1, 2005 - May 1, 2008. Articles from three print and online media sources were combed and analyzed for examples and patterns of conflict-conditioned communication. The method is based on an approach to understanding conflict-conditioned communication that was developed by Dr. Harry Anastasiou, a conflict resolution professional and educator. The method additionally utilizes the work of Dr. William O. Beeman, an expert on misperceptions between the United States and Iran. The conflict-conditioned communicative relationship between the United States and Iran shows how legitimate concerns and human needs are filtered through collective psychology, history, and national identity and absorbed into misperceptions. These misperceptions are perpetuated through propaganda and lead to unyielding political positions. The dual phenomena of globalization and advanced information technology amplify these unyielding political positions by spreading propagandized misperceptions faster and farther than ever before. As the United States and Iran become more entrenched in unyielding political positions, communication reduces to competing systems of propaganda, thus making peaceful conflict resolution less likely.
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Ronsse, Jean-Michel. "Le transfert d'image ou l'appréhension de l'effet de la communication publicitaire sur les comportements." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/213231.
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Body, Olivier. "Essays on costly and truthful communication." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209351.
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Based on three essays, this Ph.D. thesis studies costly and truthful communication in the following situation: a sender (S) tries to convince a receiver (R) to accept a project.<p>Before communication, both agents do not know the project quality. On the one hand, they believe with probability α that the project is of high quality and will raise R’s payoff by r_H, and otherwise that it is of low quality and will decrease R’s payoff by<br>Doctorat en Sciences économiques et de gestion<br>info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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Maciejewski, Robert. "Privacy aspects of digital communication." St. Gallen, 2007. http://www.biblio.unisg.ch/org/biblio/edoc.nsf/wwwDisplayIdentifier/01665892002/$FILE/01665892002.pdf.
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Pfeiffer, Volker. "Communication aspects in urban terrain." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2006. http://bosun.nps.edu/uhtbin/hyperion.exe/06Dec%5FPfeiffer.pdf.
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Thesis (M.S. in Operations Research)--Naval Postgraduate School, December 2006.<br>Thesis Advisor(s): Tom Lucas. "December 2006." Includes bibliographical references (p. 73-74). Also available in print.
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Bowen, Garry Andrew. "Theoretical aspects of quantum communication." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.289355.
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King, Alan Roy. "Communicative grammar of the Basque verb : (selected aspects)." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.442016.
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Lamy, Lubomir. "Affinités et style de communication." Paris 10, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA100116.
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L'hypothèse de similitude comme fondement des dyades amicales a été testée lors de deux expériences; la première permet de conclure à une tendance en faveur d'une similitude d'attitude à l'égard du langage (paradigmatique syntagmatique) dans les paires amicales dégagées à partir d'un test sociométrique. On n'observe pas, par contre, de rapprochement des attitudes langagières a l'intérieur des paires amicales, sur une durée de six mois. Les résultats de la seconde expérience indiquent une liaison significative entre attirance interpersonnelle et similitude d'appréciation de styles, que ce style soit défini à partir de préférences pour des textes (styles langagiers), des réponses exprimées a l'égard de styles picturaux (tableaux), ou bien de styles de personnalité (évaluation d(autrui). Par contre, l'hypothèse de similitude n'est pas vérifiée à propos du style cognitif "préférence pour la complexité". Il a été possible d'autre part de spécifier le critère de similitude interpersonnelle, en montrant que la similitude prend sens vis à vis des affinités essentiellement: - lorsque cette similitude est forte, - lorsque cette similitude est celle d'un petit groupe de sujets (réponse minoritaire),- lorsque la similitude persiste "longitudinalement", à travers une longue série d'items<br>The hypothesis of similarity as a basis of interpersonal attraction has been tested through two experiments; the first one leads to the conclusion that there is a tendancy linking similarity of attitude towards langage (paradigmatic syntagmatic) and friendship (in socioetric pairs). No influence has been observed, during a six months period, in friendship pairs, about attitude towards langage. The results of the second experiment show a statistically significative bond between interpersonal attraction and similarity of style appreciation, the style being defined through preferences for texts, or answers about pictural styles (pictures), or personality styles (assessment of others). But the similarity-liking hypothesis is not checked about the cognitive style "preference for complexity"
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Duthu, Charlotte. "L'agir sportif et les relations sociales : étude comparative des relations sociales entre les adversaires dans les affrontements sportifs au tennis et au football." Thesis, Paris 5, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA05L007.
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D’après Georges Simmel, le conflit est inhérent à la société. Désignant des situations antagonistes entre deux ou plusieurs personnes, il contribuerait, selon l’auteur, à l’unité de la société. Différents conflits interpersonnels existent, dont celui du duel et de la discussion. Lorsque les opposants entrent en duel, ils recherchent en premier lieu la réussite personnelle. Pour y parvenir, la communication entre les sujets est souvent synonyme d’expression, « chacun cherchant d’abord, non pas l’interlocution mais la possibilité de parler ». En fin de compte, c’est moins l’individu auquel on est confronté que l’on a envie d’entendre que la possibilité de pouvoir s’exprimer ou d’agir soi-même. Dans une discussion, telle qu’entendue par Jürgen Habermas, il s’agit d’abord de tendre vers une victoire commune. Dans leurs interactions, les interlocuteurs partagent leurs idées, leurs arguments en vue d’aboutir à ce qu’ils estiment être le meilleur pour eux grâce à la recherche de vérité, de justesse et de sincérité. Aujourd’hui, nous sommes davantage tournés vers une société d’expression plutôt qu’une société de discussion , laquelle reste, aux yeux de nombreux scientifiques, un modèle trop idéal pour trouver une application concrète dans la vie de tous les jours. S’inscrivant pleinement dans la culture de notre société, le sport est considéré comme une pratique sociale ordinaire. Or, en portant notre attention sur les rapports que les adversaires entretiennent entre eux à l’occasion de leur affrontement sportif, il nous a été possible de faire un double constat : il est d’abord des conflits entre opposants qui sont le reflet de la société actuelle (c’est le cas du football). Le monde sportif offre par ailleurs l’occasion de développer une autre forme de communication entre adversaires, celle d’une « société de discussion » : c’est le cas de l’affrontement tennistique<br>According to Georges Simmel, conflict is inherent in society. In establishing conflict situations between two or more people, it helps to achieve, according to Simmel, unity in society. There are different types of interpersonal conflict, including the duel and the discussion. When two opponents take part in a duel, they are seeking, first and foremost, personal success. To achieve this, the communication between the two individuals is often synonymous with expression, “each seeking primarily, not to communicate but to be able to speak.” Ultimately, it is not so much that they want to hear the other person speak as having the opportunity of speaking or acting themselves. In a discussion, as understood by Jürgen Habermas, the primary aim is to work towards a common victory. Through their interaction, the speakers share their ideas and arguments in order to achieve what they believe is best for them through a quest for truth, fairness and sincerity. Today we are more oriented towards an expression society rather than a discussion society, the latter model being, in the view of many scientists, too much of an ideal to have any practical application in everyday life. Sport is part and parcel of the culture of our society, and is deemed to be an ordinary social practice. However, if we focus on the relationships between opponents during their sporting clash, we can make two observations: not just that interpersonal conflicts are a reflection of today’s society, as in the case of football; but also that the world of sport provides an opportunity to develop another form of communication between adversaries: that of a “discussion society”, which finds its fullest expression in competitive tennis
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Ghazi, Badih. "Computational aspects of communication amid uncertainty." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/115638.
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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2018.<br>This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.<br>Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (pages 203-215).<br>This thesis focuses on the role of uncertainty in communication and effective (computational) methods to overcome uncertainty. A classical form of uncertainty arises from errors introduced by the communication channel but uncertainty can arise in many other ways if the communicating players do not completely know (or understand) each other. For example, it can occur as mismatches in the shared randomness used by the distributed agents, or as ambiguity in the shared context or goal of the communication. We study many modern models of uncertainty, some of which have been considered in the literature but are not well-understood, while others are introduced in this thesis: Uncertainty in Shared Randomness -- We study common randomness and secret key generation. In common randomness generation, two players are given access to correlated randomness and are required to agree on pure random bits while minimizing communication and maximizing agreement probability. Secret key generation refers to the setup where, in addition, the generated random key is required to be secure against any eavesdropper. These setups are of significant importance in information theory and cryptography. We obtain the first explicit and sample-efficient schemes with the optimal trade-offs between communication, agreement probability and entropy of generated common random bits, in the one-way communication setting. -- We obtain the first decidability result for the computational problem of the noninteractive simulation of joint distributions, which asks whether two parties can convert independent identically distributed samples from a given source of correlation into another desired form of correlation. This class of problems has been well-studied in information theory and its computational complexity has been wide open. Uncertainty in Goal of Communication -- We introduce a model for communication with functional uncertainty. In this setup, we consider the classical model of communication complexity of Yao, and study how this complexity changes if the function being computed is not completely known to both players. This forms a mathematical analogue of a natural situation in human communication: Communicating players do not a priori know what the goal of communication is. We design efficient protocols for dealing with uncertainty in this model in a broad setting. Our solution relies on public random coins being shared by the communicating players. We also study the question of relaxing this requirement and present several results answering different aspects of this question. Uncertainty in Prior Distribution -- We study data compression in a distributed setting where several players observe messages from an unknown distribution, which they wish to encode, communicate and decode. In this setup, we design and analyze a simple, decentralized and efficient protocol. In this thesis, we study these various forms of uncertainty, and provide novel solutions using tools from various areas of theoretical computer science, information theory and mathematics.<br>"This research was supported in part by an NSF STC Award CCF 0939370, NSF award numbers CCF-1217423, CCF-1650733 and CCF-1420692, an Irwin and Joan Jacobs Presidential Fellowship and an IBM Ph.D. Fellowship"--Page 7.<br>by Badih Ghazi.<br>Ph. D.
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Berlemont, Isabelle. "Perspective foucaldienne et communication." Rennes 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997REN20045.
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Michel Foucault en tant que généalogiste de l'avènement d'une société normative et aussi en tant que théoricien du pouvoir, nous semble devoir concerner le champ des Sciences de l'Information et de la Communication. Le souci de penser notre actualité est un impératif commun à cet auteur et aux Sciences de l'Information et de la Communication. Cette convergence fait que l'approche foucaldienne des structures sociales peut souvent éclairer la recherche en communication. Sans toujours être à l'origine des concepts clefs des sciences humaines contemporaines, Michel Foucault a constitué une étape importante dans leur affinement. Il a souvent su, par ailleurs, capter et transformer des idées maîtresses provenant des penseurs de l'Antiquité comme de ses propres maîtres, tel Georges Canguilhem. S'il n'est pas la source de toutes les idées émises après lui, il demeure néanmoins un lieu de passage privilégié pour qui se préoccupe de l'évolution des Sciences Humaines et du Droit dans la seconde moitié de ce siècle. Michel Foucault demeure, selon nous, sinon une référence incontournable, du moins un des phares de la pensée contemporaine pour les sciences sociales. L'oeuvre de Michel Foucault peut donc permettre d'analyser les enjeux de la communication. Les notions de généalogie, de gouvernementalité, de naissance des sciences humaines, d'exclusion, de subjectivation, d'objectivation, de micro pouvoir,de bio-politique, de disciplines que Michel Foucault a produites ou retravaillées, peuvent, selon nous s'avérer encore fécondes aujourd'hui. L'éclairage historique projeté sur les aspects contemporains de notre société montre la dimension permanente et historique de certains phénomènes que la modernité désigne sous le terme de communicationnels<br>The time has come to think media practice and culture with the help of the French philosopher Michel Foucault. Modern Press as TV networks and programms can also be understood by using foucaldian paradigms. Not for themselves, but for a better understanding of our modernity. Foucaldism genealogy has fertilised many of the fields of historical research. Foucault's method can be widely applied to media area analysis. "Surveiller et punir" wich has been in the last sixties the most influential and emblematic text for thinking carceral phenomenon, is now the most important text for understanding new forms of survey born with the advanced technology of communication. "The History of sexuality" wich criticizes the traditional understanding of sexuality becomes an emblematic reference for the new scholarship on sexual behavior. This text can be useful for media research as media area and products are also ruled by desire and sexuality. Philosophers' view upon society, power, biological power, genealogy of history, provides a large variety of conceptual tools for communication seachers but also for professionals
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Vion, Robert. "L'interaction verbale : Communication. Linguistique et sciences humaines." Paris 5, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA05H052.
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Cette thèse a pour objet de promouvoir une linguistique interactionnelle au sein d'une approche pluridisciplinaire de la communication et de l'interaction verbale. Elle débute par un travail de réflexion sur les catégories de sujet et de social en examinant plus particulièrement les positions de l'interactionnisme symbolique, de l'ethnométhodologie et de la philosophie d'Habermas. Le concept d'espace interactif, propose pour fédérer des notions comme figuration, face, soi, relation, situation, renvoie à une pluralité d'images identitaires mise en oeuvre sumultanément par chacun des co-énonciateurs, jeu d'images exprimé en termes de rapports de places. Cette pluralité d'images identitaires correspond à la complexité du sujet, exprimée par Mead, et à l'hétérogénéité de toute instance énonciative. Le rapport de place dominant correspond au cadre interactif définitoire de l'interaction. Ces concepts conduisent à distinguer "interaction" et "rencontre" et permettent de développer, avec la notion de module, une nouvelle typologie des interactions fondée sur l'hétérogénéité et la coarticulation des types. Un bilan est également effectué à propos des analyses structurelles et hiérarchiques de l'interaction. Enfin, l'apport le plus spécifiquement linguistique consiste à prolonger les approches pragmatiques et énonciatives avec la notion d'activités discursives. La thèse s'achève avec un important travail sur les concepts exprimant ces diverses activités : référenciation, reprises, reformulations, implicites, implicitations, modalisations et modulations<br>This thesis aims at promoting an interactional approach to linguistics in relation to a multidisciplinary perspective on communication and verbal interaction. The thesis opens with a discussion of the categories of subject, of social relations and social fabric. The frame of analysis put forward by symbolic interactionalism, ethnomethodology and the german philosopher habermas are examined. The concept of interactive space is proposed as a means to relate the notions of face work, face, self, relation and situation. This concept describes the diversity of self images brought to play by each of the co-enunciators, these images being linked to the places occupied by the interactants and to the relationship that these places entertain. This diversity of self images refers to the complexity of the subject, as defined by mead, and to the heterogeneous nature of enunciator. The foremost among the place relations which hold between the interactants defines the frame of interaction. The concepts proposed allow a distinction between "interaction" and "encounter" and make possible, through the notion of module, a new typology of interactions. Structural and hierachical models interaction are also discussed. The specific linguistic contribution consist in elarging the pragmatic and enunciative approaches through the notion of discursive activities. The conceptual framework required to describe various discursive activities : referenciation, reprises, reformulations, presupposedness, implicatures, modulations, is examined in the last part of the thesis
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Lemaire, Eva. "Enseignement du français langue étrangère et langue seconde en situation d’urgence et de traumatisme : le cas des mineurs étrangers isolés." Paris 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA030009.
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Les mineurs étrangers isolés sont de jeunes migrants âgés de moins de 18 ans qui se trouvent seuls sur le territoire français. Bien que fragilisés sur le plan psychologique par un vécu traumatique, ces adolescents doivent, s’ils désirent rester légalement en France, faire rapidement la preuve de leur intégration linguistique et scolaire. Dès lors, quel peut et quel doit être le rôle des professeurs de français langue étrangère et langue seconde dans les centres socio-éducatifs spécialisés dans l’accueil de cette population ? En prenant en compte les dimensions affectives et institutionnelles, cette recherche vise à poser les jalons de pratiques professionnelles permettant de concilier logique d’enseignement et d’apprentissage, soutien psychologique et accompagnement éducatif. En ce sens, elle est au carrefour des sciences du langage, et plus précisément de la didactique des langues, et des sciences de l’éducation<br>The unaccompanied children are young migrants under 18 who live in France without their parents. Made vulnerable by traumatic events, these teenagers must nonetheless quickly prove that they are well intregrated into French society, linguistically and at school, if they want to stay in France lawfully. Consequently, what can be and should be the role of French teachers within the socioeducational centres that are in charge of them? Taking into account affective and institutional factors, the aim of this research is to suggest how to conciliate teaching and learning with psychological and educational support. Hence, this research is at the crossroads of the sciences of language, especially French language teaching methodology, and the sciences of education
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al-Ken, Akeel Ibrahim. "The Hajj : past, present and future : the communication aspect." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1995. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/523/.
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It is the aim of this thesis to investigate the work of the Saudi Arabian media and the information services in relation to the Hajj, to examine their policies, procedures and problems faced by them, and to propose solutions and improvements. The basic objective of this study during the Hajj is to examine how the Saudi Arabian media can serve more effectively the needs of the pilgrims, with their different cultures and languages. An historical examination of the evolution of the Hajj, the services and the media form the background and context for the examination of the current position. The following research methods were adopted: 1- Group discussions and interviews were carried out amongsts ome of the Islamic media visiting the Hajj in order to highlight any problems and concerns about the work of the Saudi Arabian media during the Hajj. 2- A content analysis of the Saudi Arabian newspapers during the Hajj season was carried out using a quota sampling procedure. In total 434 articles were studied using nine coding categories. 3- The content and form of Saudi Arabian radio and television programmes, Hajj handbooks,cassettes and video tapes provided for the pilgrims were analysed. 4- The daily routine of the average pilgrim during the 1993 Hajj season was observed. This work is divided into eight chapters. The Introduction (Chapter One) covers a statement of the problems, aims of the study and gives the various sources of information. In Chapter Two the historical background of the city of Mecca and the Kaaba is discussed, thus providing the historical aspects of the Hajj. The Saudi Arabian Royal Family and the Hajj are discussedin Chapter Three with respect to the importance of the Hajj as a religious obligation. Chapter Four examines the present Saudi Arabian official Hajj policy and procedures, the ministries and committees administering the Hajj and their terms of reference, and specific problems related to the Muslim calendar, weather, transport, accommodation, food, health, and security. Chapter Five is' devoted to the development of the Saudi Arabian media and their coverage of the Hau. Chapter Six analyses the problems which face the Saudi Arabian media during the Hai. Chapter Seven deals with proposed solutions. Finally, conclusions are presented regarding the main features of the present communication systems with regard to the coverage of the Hajj. There are nine major findings in this study: 1- Much has been written on the history of the two Holy cities of Mecca and al-Madina and Arabia's Hajj before and under the Islam, but little attention has been paid to the communication aspects of information and instruction available to the pilgrims. 2- The Saudi Arabian media strives to cater for all the pilgrims during their Haij. 3- The Pilgrims, however need more and better targeted information before, as well as after, their arrival in Saudi Arabia. 4- Most of the pilgrims have no radio or television sets in their buildings and so they are not directly exposed to Saudi Arabian Information. 5- The Saudi Arabian Hajj newspapers provide special information supplements, but these are not as effective as had been hoped. 6- The Islamic media delegation which visit Saudi Arabia during the Hajj believes that the Saudi Arabian media does not serve the pilgrims from different cultures adequately as there is a lack of programme targeting and a shortage of information for non arabic speaking pilgrims. 7- The Saudi Arabian television channels are unable, as yet, to provide services in the main pilgrims' languages, but new technologies should be able to redress this. 8- The Saudi Arabian Radio and TV stations need better scheduling. 9- No systematic study has yet been carried out about the pilgrims' attitudes, their daily movements, access and reaction to the Saudi Arabian Media during the Hail: such a study should form the basis of future media and information policies.
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陳文娟 and Man-kuen Sonia Chan. "Communicative intent in children with autism." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2006. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B37090288.
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Huber, Bernhard. "Communicative aspects of participatory video projects : An exploratory study." Thesis, Department of Rural Development Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 1999. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-30488.
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This exploratory study analyses the functions and implications of participatory video projects inrural development settings. The term ‘participatory video’ refers to a bundle of innovativeusages of video technology which enjoy growing popularity in many corners of the world. Afterthe first trials in the late 1960s participatory video has developed into several differentdirections and there is no consensus of what the term actually stands for. In the currentliterature participatory video is closely associated to the burgeoning field of participatoryapproaches such as Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA), even though its application goesbeyond the idea of participatory research and learning in many instances.There is by no means a consistent, established way of using the tool; experience and knowledgeabout what good practice is differ from person to person and in the literature. This studytherefore categorises the varying approaches into a typology based on a review of the relativelyscarce literature on the subject. Through a conceptual distinction of different project goals,three basic kinds of participatory video are identified, i. e. therapy-, activism- andempowerment-type video.The central part of the study consists of three case studies, from Mexico, Tanzania, andVietnam respectively. In each of these the functions and implications of participatory video useare identified. A particular focus is put on the second case study, the ‘Fisherfolks’ Project’, asthe relatively biggest amount of background information has been available. A number oftheories and concepts are tested on this case in order to deepen the understanding of thepotentials and limitations of participatory video. The concepts and theories applied to the caseinclude pluralism, the platform approach, soft systems thinking; Habermas’ theory ofcommunicative action and ultimately the principle of participation as applied in PRA. It isfound that participatory video is appropriate to facilitate processes such as mediation, conflictmanagement, capacity building and empowerment.Since the study is of exploratory nature, a considerable stress was put on the identification ofinteresting fields of further research. A list of easily available participatory video literature (inthe appendix) has been compiled to provide a starting point for such research.
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Philoux, Rolande. "La communication de proximité, substrat de l'artisanat contemporain." Paris 4, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA040153.
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Devant l'effacement apparent du rôle économique de l'artisanat, le substrat pérenne de sa fonction socio-culturelle, à savoir la communication de proximité, définit sa nouvelle vocation. Par conséquent, pour le secteur des métiers, il n'y a d'avenir que dans le service relationnel apporté à la collectivité nationale. Car, puisque l'évolution de la société contemporaine s'accompagne d'un vide sociétal que l'artisanat peut combler, c'est ce besoin de communication de proximité que le secteur des métiers doit satisfaire. En effet, ce supplément de contentement ainsi offert au public constitue la véritable valeur ajoutée de l'artisanat, celle qui fonde aux yeux du marché, la valeur réelle du secteur des métiers<br>In view of the apparent effacement of the handicraft economic part, the perennial substratum of its sociocultural function, that is to say the proximity communication, defines its new vocation. Consequently, regarding the handicraft sector, there is future only in the relational service brought to the national organisation. Because, as the evolution of the contemporary society is accompanied by an environmental emptiness the handicraft is able to fill up, it is this need of proximity communication the handicraft sector should satisfy. As a matter of fact, the extra satisfaction thus offered to the public makes the real added value of the handicraft, the one which creates for the market the real value of the handicraft sector
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Libois, Boris. "Eléments pour un droit public de la communication." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211860.
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Borislav, Lorenc. "Cognitive Aspects of the Studies of Communication." Thesis, University of Skövde, Department of Computer Science, 1998. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-225.
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<p>The study starts off as a quest for the core meaning of the term communication. First, the epistemological grounds of the endeavour are investigated. Findings of experientialist cognition, backed up by e.g. Putnam’s results, indicate that intentionality as understood by traditional cognitive science might be an incomplete story; so, in parallel, constructivist approaches are investigated. The two approaches are here termed as linear and recursive models, respectively.</p><p>Through introducing the conduit metaphor and the mathematical theory of communication, the question of whether communication consists of a transfer is discussed. Arguments are presented to the effect that the mathematical theory neither does support this understanding, nor appears to be applicable (but as a cognitive model) outside the domains where probabilities are assigned to outcomes.</p><p>Communication research in three areas is presented: investigations from an ethological perspective, process approaches to human communication, and the study of the signification relation. Finally, a review of some work on simulations of communication and collective behaviour is given.</p><p>In conclusion, intentionality is required for the communicating entities, which – based on some of the arguments presented in this study – leaves inanimate objects, plants, bacteria, and most of the animal world (except molluscs, crustaceans, and vertebrates) outside the communicating world. Communication incorporates signs, and signs are interpreted. In the process, meaning is created. The objectivist science ideal of pointing to an appropriate event and claiming "This is real communication" has to be substituted by offering descriptions of some idealised cognitive models. One might argue about these, accept them, or reject them; this is what communication (amongst other things) is (and is for).</p><p>In general, if it is understood that there is no possibility of reaching ‘objective’, observer-independent knowledge, another way of reaching more certainty than what just an individual can get might be to turn to others. It is this that brings cognition and communication into close relationship.</p>
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Brown, Adam. "Social aspects of communication in Parkinson's disease." Thesis, De Montfort University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2086/10108.
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Parkinson's disease is a degenerative neurological condition which affects motor control, in almost all cases involving speech, and is frequently of many years duration. Much is known about speech production but less of the psychosocial consequences of the speech impairment (dysarthria). Accounts of people with dysarthria have shown that its impact on quality of social participation can be varied and profound. However, level of participation has not been investigated. Reduction in social activity and social networks has been found following onset of other neurogenic communication disorders. In Parkinson's disease there is some evidence of social activity reduction but this has not been studied in relation to severity of dysarthria. Social anxiety has been found to be raised in speakers with other speech production impairments and this may be a contributor to reduction in social engagement. Investigation of social variables is of importance in understanding relationships within a biopsychosocial model of health which underpins intervention for therapies for communication disorders. Aims The study aimed to investigate the impact of dysarthria on social participation and whether presence of dysarthria in Parkinson's disease (PD) resulted in changes to social anxiety, social networks and social activity. It further sought to investigate whether severity of dysarthria resulted in changes to the same variables. Method A group of 43 mild-moderately dysarthric speakers with PD were recruited. Exclusion criteria were applied to control for cognitive impairment, depression, apathy, movement disability and co-occurring neurological and communication impairment. A group of 30 non-neurologically impaired participants were recruited matched for age, sex, socioeconomic status and educational attainment. Participants with PD were further grouped using measures of sentence intelligibility and motor speech impairment into higher and lower functioning groups. All participants completed a social anxiety questionnaire, a social activity checklist and detailed their social network. Group data were compared to address the research questions. Semi-structured interviews were carried out with all participants to explore change to social life and perceptions of causes of change. Results Participants reported a range of changes to interaction and social engagement arising from speech and other impairments and also from intra and interpersonal contextual factors. Quantitative data showed that presence of dysarthria was associated with social anxiety and avoidance but not changes to social activity level or social network size. Greater severity of dysarthria was associated with deterioration in social activities and social network. There was wide individual variation on these variables. Outcomes Impact of dysarthria may be significant and unrelated to severity of impairment and satisfaction with level of activity is low in dysarthric speakers. Mild - moderately dysarthric speakers with PD may experience social anxiety in particular types of social situation. Moderately dysarthric speakers may experience loss of social capital in terms of quantitative changes in social networks and social activities. Motor speech impairment was a better predictor of social functioning than intelligibility in this sample. It is possible that a threshold for change lies at a more severe level of speech involvement. How speakers with PD perceive and experience their social interactions is discussed and limitations to the research are considered. The implications of the findings are discussed in relation to the ICF framework and the concept of social capital.
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Bellinha, Paulo Roberto Tavares. "Médias et développement urbain : sur l'usage social de la communication architectonique." Paris 5, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA05H036.
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Une lecture sociologique de la production architectonique contemporaine est révélatrice du pouvoir communicationnel qui se dégage de ses oeuvres; mais, pour la prise en compte effective de cette dimension, nous devons nous référer non seulement aux démarches des professionnels, mais aussi aux usages auxquels les bâtiments se prêtent. Considérant la ville comme un média à part entière, nous pouvons, d'un côté, suivre le récit qui fait naître la rêverie des formes architectoniques, et de l'autre en allant au plus près des appropriations. (. . . )<br>A sociological reading of today's architectural production will reveal the power of communication these buildings are fraught with, although there is no effectively taking this dimension into acount without referring not only to the professionnal tasks, but also to the uses revealed by the dreamlike character of the architectural forms, and the nearer we get to their social appropriation, the better we can see the part they play as mediator. The resulting theatricality is at the origin of the three analysis levels, as well as three reading possibilities intrinsically knit into them. (. . . )
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Gautherot, Laure. "Changement des normes communicatives en allemand contemporain : mots et discours." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAC026.
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Cette thèse sur le changement des normes communicatives en allemand contemporain se positionne dans le paradigme explicatif du changement linguistique par Rudi Keller, connu sous le nom de « théorie de la main invisible ». L’objectif de recherche est de montrer par l’analyse de cinq faits « variants » que le changement des normes communicatives a lieu sous l’impulsion d’un désir des locuteurs germanophones contemporains de plus d’authenticité et de respect de l’autre. Cette mentalité communicative, héritée de la remise en cause sociétale par les mouvements contestataires de la fin des années 1960, conditionne les attentes des locuteurs germanophones dans la réception des discours publics en terme d’ethos et de positionnement éthique. Au corpus sur lequel sont effectuées les analyses linguistiques des cinq faits variants – les « mots à charge négative » (ou « belastete Wörter »), les néologismes euphémistiques, la neutralisation du genre, l’ethos des locuteurs politiques, le tutoiement d’adresse – composé de documents prescriptifs universitaires, de discours politiques, et de supports publicitaires de l’espace public allemand, s’ajoute un corpus de réception relevant du type épilinguistique, composé de métacommentaires de locuteurs non-spécialistes. L’étude révèle la parole des locuteurs ordinaires comme signe annonçant et accompagnant le changement linguistique<br>This PhD dissertation focuses upon the change of communicative norms in contemporary German and positions itself on the explanatory paradigm of language change by Rudi Keller,also known as “the theory of the invisible hand”. My research aims at pointing out – through the analysis of five “variant” facts – that the change of communicative norms is driven by the desire of contemporary German native speakers for more authenticity as well as respect for the other. The communicative mentality inherited from the counter-culture movements in the late 1960’s that challenged society order influences German native speakers’ expectations towards the reception of public discourses in terms of ethos and ethical positioning. In addition to the corpus upon which the linguistic analyses of the five variant facts are carriedout – the “negative words” (or “belastete Wörter”), euphemistic neologisms, gender neutralisation, the ethos of politicians, being on first name terms with someone – which consists of prescriptive college documents, political discourses and the advertising supports ofthe German public space – , there is a reception corpus that amounts to epilinguistic type and is composed of metacomments from non-specialist speakers. The study brings the speech ofordinary speakers to the fore as a sign that announces and goes along with language change
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Serrato, Margaret Gilchrist. "Building based communication research." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/22994.
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Sochacki, Liliane. "Quel "concept" pour la télématique professionnelle ? : usages et dérives d'une technologie de communication." Bordeaux 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BOR30012.
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La telematique professionnelle n'est pas a proprement parler un objet technique mais une realite proteiforme, un "concept" au sens marketing du terme. France telecom, principal acteur de l'offre telematique (identifiee au videotex et a teletel), l'utilise dans son discours et sa strategie. Ni le determinisme technique, ni le determinisme social ne permettent de rendre compte de cette construction. La methode retenue consiste a reperer, dans une perspective genealogique, la maniere dont le discours de france telecom integre et utilise certains elements des pratiques sociales, tout en poursuivant sa strategie qui est de faire du minitel un outil universel. Cette evolution, loin d'etre lineaire, comporte des niveaux de realite differents qui s'eclairent lorsqu'on la resitue dans son contexte : modification de la terminologie, hybridation de la technologie<br>The sense of professional telematics goes beyond the material technology to englobe a multi-faceted reality, a "concept" in the marketing sense of the word. France telecom who has the main responsability for offering this service (in the form of videotex and teletel) makes use of the concept both in its discourse and its strategy. Neither the technical determinism nor the social determinism explain this construction. The method adapted consists in finding in a genealogical perspective, the manner in which the discourse employed by france telecom incorporates and makes use of certain aspects of social practice while mainteniring its strategy which is to develop minitel into an universal toal. This evolution, far from being linear, consists of reality which can only be defined clearly by placing them in the context : modification of the terminology, hybridization of the technology
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Drugge, Mikael. "Interaction aspects of wearable computing for human communication." Doctoral thesis, Luleå : Media Technology Research Group, Luleå University of Technology, 2006. http://epubl.ltu.se/1402-1544/2006/60/.
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Rysdale, L. J. "Aspects of polarisation in coherent optical communication systems." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.374439.
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Дядечко, Алла Миколаївна, Алла Николаевна Дядечко, Alla Mykolaivna Diadechko, and V. Rudenko. "Ecological aspects of use the information-communication technologies." Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2008. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/16072.
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Boada, i. Calbet Humbert. "Aspects de la communication chez les enfants bilingues." Paris 5, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA05HI04.
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Molinié, Muriel. "Vers une approche relationnelle de la communication interculturelle." Paris 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA030121.
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Situer l'apprentissage d'une langue vivante (maternelle ou etrangere) dans une perspective interculturelle conduit a aborder les question : "qui communique?", "avec qui?" sous l'angle d'une relation a construire avec l'autre et non plus sous le seul angle de l'interaction sociale. La construction de cette relation interlocutoire entre sujets, locuteurs et porteurs de culture sera favorisee par l'apprentissage d'un schema dialogique de communication interpersonnelle. Or, ce schema est constitutif des pratiques sociales de correspondance. Celle-ci fournit alors un canevas textuel et relationnel pertinent dans une education a l'experience de communication interculturelle. Dans ce cadre, l'introduction de l'outil video vise a donner a la pratique epistolaire la dimension d'un projet collecti f : la realisation de "lettres video" concerne le groupe des apprenants et necessite un travail de constitution de ce groupe en destinateur collectif de la lettre video adressee au groupe des destinataires. Pour qu'une correspondance, ouverte et inachevee, se construise a travers l'echange de lettres video, donnant a voir et a entendre l'ebauche d'un dialogue interculturel entre les correspondants, il conviendra de proposer un dispositif pedagogique favorisant la convergence entre d'une part, des apprentissages dialogiques (c'est-a-dire visant l'acquisitio n de competences a la fois langagieres et relationnelles) et, d'autre part, la decouverte d'un langage videographique epistolaire<br>To situate the learning of a language (native or foreign) in an intercultural perspective (keeping in mind not only a social interaction but also a relationship to be built with the other) leads to the following questions : who communicate? with whom? to build this interlocutary relationship between subjects, locutors, and carriers of cultur, the learning of a dialogica l scheme of interpersonal communication should be promoted. However, this scheme participates of social practice of correspondance. This correspondance offers then a textual and relational canvas relevant to the education of experiences in intercultural communication. Into these limits, the introduction of video aims to give to the letter exchange pratice the dimension of a group projec t. In order to make "letters in video", the learners'group needs to work as a collective sender addressing its "video letter" to the receivers'group. For an open correspondance (showing the shaping of an intercultural dialogue between corresponding members) to be built though the exchange of letters in video, it will be necessary to offer a pedagogical apparatus promoting the convergence between a dialogical learning (i. E. Acquisition of relational and language proficiency) and the discovery of a letter in video specific language
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Швачко, Світлана Олексіївна, Svitlana Oleksiivna Shvachko, and Светлана Алексеевна Швачко. "Congruence via equivalence (translation aspects)." Thesis, Издательство Волго-Вятской академии гос.службы, 2009. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/2805.
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Lardinois, Eric. "Le jeu : outil de communication commerciale : conception de produits et formation des clients." Paris 13, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA131032.
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Depuis son apparition, la publicite s'est servie du jeu comme gadget publicitaire offert en cadeau. Son emploi se limite a l'utilisation du support materiel pour vehiculer des marques, des logos ou des slogans. Une autre utilisation du jeu dans le monde socio-economique est le jeu de formation pour adultes. Notre recherche s'est penchee sur les possibilites d'utiliser le jeu dans son entierete dans un contexte de communication commerciale, c'est-a-dire en employant le materiel et la structure ludiques ainsi que ses qualites pedagogiques. Le but recherche est de pouvoir informer et former les clients sur un produit ou un service durant une activite ludique. Le travail presente est une recherche ou nous avons tente de construire la notion de jeu de communication commerciale. La recherche s'inscrit dans les sciences de l'education mais aborde diverses disciplines : les sciences de la communication, le marketing, le management de l'innovation et les sciences du jeu. Divers champs disciplinaires ont ete croises pour construire le jeu de communication commerciale. Les references theoriques y sont utilisees comme des outils de comprehension et d'action. Pour pouvoir etudier le jeu dans ce contexte, nous avons concu de veritables jeux servant de medias. Ils ont ete confrontes au monde reel afin de pouvoir les etudier dans leur milieu d'utilisation. Leur conception a necessite l'elaboration d'une methodologie de conception specifique, la realisation d'un outil d'analyse des jeux et la construction d'une notion de jeu adaptee a ce travail. Cette derniere se concretise sous la forme d'une definition operatoire du jeu.
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Cullen, Cionaith. "Network and signalling aspects of satellite personal communication networks." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1995. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/842984/.
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The use of satellites for mobile communication applications has become a global issue. The use of handheld, vehicle mounted and transportable terminals is a key feature of Satellite Personal Communication Networks (S-PCNs). Due to the higher eirp requirements on the Earths surface and also because of their inherent delay, geostationary (GEO) satellites are not considered suitable for such applications. Instead, constellations of satellites at lower altitudes have been proposed for use in what are termed 2nd generation mobile satellite communication systems. Low intensity regions in the Earths surrounding trapped radiation bands, have resulted in two altitude bands of specific interest, resulting in two constellation types - LEO (Low Earth Orbit) constellations at around 1,000 km and MEO (Medium Earth Orbit) constellations at around 10,000 km. A satellite constellation consists of a number of satellites orbiting at the same altitude and inclination and phased in a specific way. The work reported in this thesis proposes a network control architecture for LEO or MEO based S-PCN systems. Air-interface signalling aspects are then considered for mobility management and call setup signalling. LEO and MEO constellation design aspects and properties are initially considered. Important implications on the control network are drawn based on constellation coverage and connectivity properties. Other system constraints such as terrestrial network interworking considerations as well as user, network operator and regulator requirements are also considered. Finally network and more specifically satellite control signalling is examined before a S-PCN architecture is proposed. The reference architecture results in constellation control being distributed globally with individual satellite control, at any one time, being located at a specific earth station. The use of two earth station types allows network administration to be separated from traffic channel carrying aspects. In order to reduce system setup cost and delay, the reuse of network related standards from the GSM terrestrial mobile communication system is envisaged. An equivalence is made between the S-PCN architecture and the GSMs terrestrial architecture. Network implementation aspects are considered for a 14 satellite MEO constellation. Network implications resulting from the use of LEO and MEO constellations are considered. After an examination of S-PCN traffic demand on a MEO constellation, mobility management signalling is considered. A new approach is proposed based on the use of a positioning system. The performance of this approach is examined from a system signalling viewpoint for both LEO and MEO constellations and a method to minimise the required amount of signalling is described. The air interface signalling procedure for location update, based on a modified GSM network layer protocol, is simulated from a delay point of view for both LEO and MEO constellations. User-originated, user-terminated and user-to-user call setup signalling were also simulated and their delay performance examined. The importance of random access channel delay and of user cooperation with the link were highlighted as aspects which have a significant influence on the average signalling delay. Finally, the effect of common and dedicated control channel system signalling on satellite power consumption, based on busy hour call setup and mobility management signalling estimates, was examined for a MEO constellation. From this, conclusions can be made on the signalling power efficiency of S-PCN systems.
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Sherr, Lorraine. "Psychological aspects of communication, anxiety and satisfaction in obstetrics." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1989. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/73323/.
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Communication, anxiety and satisfaction during pregnancy was examined. Ley (1977) presents a cognitive model to explain satisfaction and its links with understanding. Janis (1958, 1971) notes a curvilinear relationship between anxiety and post-operative coping and postulates that information, anxiety and cognitive preparation are the variables accounting for this. Kumar and Robson note that obstetric anxiety is related to concerns for maternal and infant well being rather than irrational anxiety. This study examined the experience of women, stressors, communication satisfaction, knowledge and information and looked at the extent to which these three theories could interrelate to provide a fuller explanation of the psychological experience of women. Five studies were undertaken. Initially a pilot study revealed many negative statements about communication when transcripts were analysed. Communication factors and anxiety laden instances were correlated. The next study was set up to examine knowledge levels as Ley predicts that these, together with misunderstandings could contribute to dissatisfaction. Desire for knowledge was high. Knowledge varied according to social class but not parity. Doctors felt parity would be a factor. Women had difficulty approaching their doctor for information yet still desired doctors as their primary information source. Doctors delegated much information imparting to classes. Study three examined anxiety, communications and satisfaction in labour with pain management (a noted stressor in study 1). Patients receiving Pethidine were dissatisfied. Their pain experience did not differ markedly,but their psychological preparation did. In study 4 anxiety and outcome was monitored, together with information gathering strategies. Linear, rather than curvilinear relationships were found (unlike those predicted by Janis). The course of anxiety was a useful measure and the impact of anxiety on caregivers in the cycle of communications and recovery were explored. The final study looked at the impact of intervention on anxiety and satisfaction in ante-natal care. Women were randomly allocated to groups receiving no intervention, information and information plus feedback. The latter group had significantly lower post-consultation anxiety and higher satisfaction than the other two. The role of knowledge and accuracy in relation to satisfaction was explored. Kumar and Robsons propositions about anxiety were supported in these studies. Ley's cognitive model contributed much to the understanding but limitations in this model are explored, especially in relation to process and interaction factors and the routes to understanding. Janis' curvilinear relationship was not upheld, but his theoretical explanations involving the use of information and worry needs further testing.
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Krasner, Susan M. "Developmental aspects of communication in children with Down's syndrome." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/15460.
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This thesis presents a series of investigations into communicative interaction between mothers and their preschool children with Down's Syndrome (DS), and mothers and their infants with DS. Reference to the literature in this area indicates that there is a need to determine not only how the DS child and/or her/his mother differ from their nonhandicapped peers but also ways in which DS children's language can be accelerated. Insofar as the preschool child with DS is concerned, a series of four studies are presented. The first of these investigates the effect of the label "DS" upon the mothers' perceptions of children thus labelled. Using videotapes of nonhandicapped, above average infants, it is demonstrated that some of the mothers' ratings of children are negatively affected if the child is described as having "DS". This is found to occur to a significant degree in both mothers of DS children and mothers of nonhandicapped children, although the effect is not identical in both groups across all the ratings measured. To investigate whether any such negative distortions, or "labelling effects" would affect the interactive behaviour of mothers of ES children, a sample of mothers of DS children was videotaped, with each mother in turn playing separately with 2 sisters. These girls were four years old, nonhandicapped, non-identical twins. For the purposes of this experiment, one of the twins (the more developmentally advanced and the physically larger of the 2) was always described to the mothers as having DS, her sister always being described as nonhandicapped (i.e. the child least like a DS child - if either could possibly be thought of in that way - was described as having-DS). It was found that all but one mother believed the experimental manipulation of the label; videotape analyses revealed furthermore that mothers treated the sisters significantly differently. Specifically the supposed DS child was ignored more often than her sister with mothers not responding to her attempts to initiate interaction and thus giving her less opportunity to control or direct the interactions. Mothers also used different types of interrogatives with her, avoiding the use of those questions which required more complex answers (wh- type questions) and using overall far more questions requiring only a simple yes/no response. Moreover, audio-recorded interviews with the subjects in this experiment revealed them to be explaining and describing the supposed DS child's behaviour in a very negative way, interpreting her behaviour and speech on the basis of her diagnostic label, giving her little or no credit for any achievements. These results are discussed with reference to the literature on mother and DS child interaction, expectancy effects, and with reference to social psychological studies of stereotyping.
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Reddy, Mike Megrove. "Communication in Christian groups from movements to organisations." Thesis, University of Zululand, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10530/456.
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A dissertation submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of D. Litt. In Communication Science University of Zululand, 2004.<br>This dissertation reports the results of a study made of the forms of communication employed by Judaeo-Christian religious groups when they saw themselves as movements, compared to when they had become organisations. Beginning with ancient Israel, the study documents how forms of communication become elaborated during the organisational phase of groups' existence. The forms of communication used in Christian religious groups are documented from the rime of the eady Christian Church, through the Reformation period, through the 17* century to present-day Christian groups. The dissertation also reports as a case study an empirical analysis of the forms of communication used by the Cell Church and churches with cell groups, both of which are inter-denominational and host regular informal gatherings. It is found that these gatherings display the onset phase characteristics of Christian movements.
From a theoretical point of view the research reported here provides evidence in support for the following Christian Religious Communications Hypothesis: Christian religious groups will use a limited number offorms of communication when they perceive themselves as movements and they will expand their forms of communication, as they become organisations, which forms special instance of Klopper (2003)'s general Theory of the Optimisation of Human Communication: Humans optimise a variety of forms of communication within a culture, to ensure immediate direct personal survival and to maintain their culture as a fongterm indirect survival strategy. By confirming the validity of the Christian Religious Communications Hypothesis, the research findings also provide indirect validation for Klopper's general Theory of the Optimisation of Human Communication.
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Mokhtari, Mehdi. "The puzzle of non verbal communication: Towards a new aspect of leadership." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för organisation och entreprenörskap (OE), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-26248.
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Communication is surrounding us. Leaders and followers are not an exception to that rule. Indeed, leadership actors are communicating with their co-workers, their boss, their employees, the media, and so forth. However, in the course of this paper and because of its importance, the focus on non verbal communication will be adopted. Basically, this form of communication is everything except the actual words that people pronounce. Body language, tone of the voice, cultural differences, deceit signals, all these components of non verbal communication and many others will be developed. The core of this work will be understanding the main concepts of non verbal communication and then applying them to leaders’ real life situations. This thesis will also, among other things, aim to answer the following questions: What is the importance of non verbal communication in everyday life? How are leaders using non verbal communication to give sense? Do they use deceit signals? What influences the non verbal communication? What is the emotional intelligence concept? Can the non verbal communication be extrapolated and be seen as being inter-cultural?
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Gadras, Simon. "Mutations de la sphère publique et techniques d'information et de communication : le cas des blogs dans la communication politique locale." Grenoble, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010GRENL022.
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Au sein des territoires français, des femmes et des hommes politiques utilisent des blogs dans le cadre de leurs pratiques de communication. Ils ne sont pas les seuls : certains habitants n'hésitent pas à donner leur point de vue sur la vie politique locale à travers des dispositifs semblables. L'émergence de ces nouvelles formes d'expression politique au sein d'une sphère publique déjà fortement marquée par les médias locaux et la communication des collectivités territoriales pose question. Ce mémoire de thèse analyse conjointement les pratiques de communication de ces quatre catégories d'acteurs : les membres du personnel politique, les journalistes, les professionnels de la communication des collectivités et ces nouveaux blogueurs. Les stratégies et les pratiques observées au cours de l'enquête montrent que le recours aux Tic s'envisage dans la prolongation de stratégies indépendantes de leurs dimensions techniques. Ainsi, les acteurs multiplient les dispositifs techniques et diversifient leurs pratiques de communication, tout en les rationalisant et en les spécialisant en fonction des stratégies de communication qu'ils élaborent. Pour eux, il s'agit autant d'affirmer leur autonomie dans la publicisation de discours sur le local, que de gérer leurs relations aux instances traditionnelles de la médiation politique, au premier rang desquelles les journalistes. Il s'agit également d'affirmer la légitimité de leur travail de médiation et de garantir leur accès A une sphère publique locale en mutation. En ce sens, tout en adaptant leurs façons de faire à ces évolutions, ils concourent à redéfinir les caractéristiques de la sphère publique : la prééminence de sa dimension politique est fragilisée, les manières de produire des informations changent et, in fine, le rapport au territoire la marque en profondeur<br>Within French territories, politicians use blogs as part of their communication practices. They are not alone: some inhabitants do not hesitate to give their views on local politics through such means. The emergence of these new forms of political expression within a public sphere already heavily marked by local Medias and the communication of local authorities raises questions. This PhD thesis analyzes communication practices of four categories of actors in the same time: political staffs, journalists, communities professional communicators and these new bloggers. Strategies and practices observed during the survey show that the use of ICT is made in the extension of strategies beyond their technical dimensions. Thus, actors multiply technical devices and diversify their communication practices, while rationalizing and specializing them according to the communication strategies they develop. For them, this is as far to assert their autonomy in the publicizing of local discourse as managing their relationships with traditional institutions of political mediation, first and foremost journalists. It is also to affirm the legitimacy of their work of mediation and ensure their access to a changing local public sphere. In this sense, while adapting their ways to these developments, they are helping redefine the characteristics of the public sphere: the primacy of its political dimension is weakened; ways of producing information changes and, ultimately, it is deeply marked by its relation to the territory
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Reinke, Leanne 1964. "Community, communication and contradiction : the political implications of changing modes of communication in indigenous communities of Australia and Mexico." Monash University, School of Political and Social Inquiry, 2001. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/8812.
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Hooyberg, Volker. "Prevenient message making: the development of the communicative self." Thesis, University of Zululand, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10530/1308.
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Submitted in accordance with the requirements for the degree of doctor of literature and philosophy in the subject communication science at the University of Zululand, South Africa, 2000.<br>This study investigates the ontological and psychological conditions of the process of prevenient message making leading to the constitution of the communicative self. It articulates the dimension of prevenience involved in the process of message making contextualized within the emerging computer-mediated communication milieu. The study clarifies the significance of associating prevenient message making with the development of the communicative self with respect to constituting oneself as a contemporary in contradistinction to the contingent. In the context of human communication, the study presents a • particular focus on authenticity associated with the communicator as a genuine individual. In developing a linkage between prevenient message making and the communicative self, the study traces the traditional Christian theological concept of prevenient grace in its ultimately spiritual roots. It situates prevenient message making in the context of a more fundamental understanding of intra and interpersonal communication, and orientates the thesis within the work of key thinkers such as Simone Weil, Soren Kierkegaard, George Simmel, and Martin Versfeld.
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Maniatis, Spyros M. "The communicative aspects of trade marks : a legal, functional and economic analysis." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 1998. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/1659.
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The Ph.D. thesis looks extensively at the history and functions of trade marks and attempts to outline a theory for trade mark protection established on their communicative aspects. The second chapter is a historical note which looks at trade marks as traces of history and sets the grounds for a functional analysis. The third chapter deals with the proprietary aspects of trade marks, seeking to establish a theoretical deontological argument for their legal protection. The functional analysis of trade marks concentrates on their contemporary role as a fiat of information between marketers, consumers and competitors. The economic analysis is developed around the dualistic nature of trade marks, being on the one hand an essential prerequisite for competition and on the other a potentially perpetual monopoly. The balance between the two as depicted by their legal protection is being continuously re-established. The main object of this thesis is to show that it is the nature of trade marks as a multidirectional system of exchange of information that must form the basis for their protection.
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Zhou, Hengyu, and 周恒宇. "Cyber micropower: a new perspective of computer-mediated communication research." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B47752749.
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The relationship between Internet technology and human beings has been the main focus in the realm of Internet study. Those studies, generally speaking, either paid attention to the political, economical and social influences of the burgeoning Internet technology on human society, or focusing on the changing of human behavior, attitudes and psychological conditions in the Internet technological environment. Lacking of considering the core nature of Internet technology, most of studies, though proposed many insightful arguments, cannot explain why and in what way the Internet has such great influences on human beings.
Since the Internet technology constructed the cyberspace, its relationship with human beings has been undoubtedly influenced by the inherent nature of the Internet. Examining the intrinsic nature and the bias of Internet technology, this study proposes the concept of cyber-micropower to describe the power relationships in the Internet field, and explores the origins of cyber-micropower. By investigating the formation and operational mechanism of the three kinds of cyber-micropower – information micropower, context micropower and subject micropower, this study provides a new analytical framework to the Internet study as well as understanding various cyberspace phenomena.
The qualitative methods, especially critical literature research, online participant observation, and oral history are adopted to make thick description of various online phenomena, get empirical online data and develop the key concept of cyber-micropower. Particularly, the formation of information micropower is examined through the phenomenon of online free. Based on the analysis of online virtual identity, the formation process of context micropower and subject micropower can be developed. Then, the operational mechanism of cyber-micropower was mainly investigated through human flesh searching phenomenon.
Briefly, this study argues that the bias of Internet technology is liquidity. As the core features of the Internet, both digitalization and networking of information directly reflect the widespread requiring for liquidity. This liquid Internet plays the role by empowering cyber subjects. Cyber-micropower, then, is the liquid networking relations among cyber subjects. During online interactions and the Internet use, cyber subjects always tend to make surveillance and self-surveillance, restriction and self-restriction, group participating and other ways, through which cyber subjects adapted to the new liquid cyber contexts and relations, as well as positioning their own locations in the liquid network. This new liquid disciplinary model in the “many watch the many” kind of cyberspace is the operational mechanism of cyber-micropower. Accordingly, disciplined cyber subjects and cyber conditions are like numerous panopticons superimposed together.
Then, this study further argues that with the development of Internet technology, the liquid may be faster, and a larger scale of digitalization and intensive networking will follow. Such trends, though may liberate human beings initially, will go beyond humans’ ultimate state in the end. The liquid nature of information restricts cyber subjects’ ability of self-reflexive and understanding. And the liquid cyberspace may promote multiple and unstable virtual identities. As a result, cyber subjects’ cyber-micropower will become more fragile and sensitive. And the human nature may also be networked and liquefied gradually. Yet, when human beings become numerous nodes in the liquid network, not only their traditional ethics and morality are in the danger of reversing, but also the meaning of humans’ existence may be challenged.<br>published_or_final_version<br>Linguistics<br>Doctoral<br>Doctor of Philosophy
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Bonescu, Mihaela. "Convivalité et communication : de l'imaginaire social à la gare communicante." Dijon, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007DIJOL026.
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Le dispositif de la table assure à la convivialité un cadre spatio-temporel, matériel, symbolique et relationnel, qu’il faudra ensuite rechercher dans la configuration des lieux de transit. De l’imaginaire de la table à l’univers de la « gare communicante », en passant par le lien social, par l’informatique et par le monde de l’entreprise, la convivialité accumule des trais signifiants comme l’interactivité, la créativité ou la spontanéité. Le brassage des valeurs et des cultures, la mobilité et la vitesse font de la convivialité un embrayeur du lien social, comme monde possible, construit au niveau du discours. Notre réflexion sur le rapport entre la convivialité, comme forme idéale de l’espace, et la gare « communicante », comme fondement du contrat d’énonciation avancé par la SNCF, repose, d’un côté, sur l’analyse sociosémiotique des productions énonciatives de la gare et, de l’autre, sur le représentations que les usagers en construisent<br>The table device provides conviviality with a material, symbolic relational and spatial-temporal environment, one will eventually have to search in the transit places disposal. From the table imaginary to the communicative rail station’s universe, passing through the social bound, the computing and business world, conviviality acquires specific characteristics such as interactivity, creativity or spontaneity. The values and culture merger, the mobility and the speed succeed in transforming conviviality into a clutch of the social link, seen as potential world, which is built at the discourse level. Our reflection on the relation between the conviviality, as an ideal space form, and the “communicative” rail station, as the basis of the enunciation agreement the SNCF (the Rail Station Public Company, in France) brought forward, relies, on the on hand, on the socio-semiotics analysis of the rail station enunciating products and, on the other hand, on the representations the users build, starting from those representations
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Houzé, Emmanuel. "L'appropriation d'une technologie de l'information et de la communication par un groupe distant." Montpellier 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000MON20140.
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Le travail en groupe distant constitue une pratique en constant developpement avec l'avenement des technologies de l'information et de la communication (tic). Cependant, mettre a la disposition des acteurs une technologie ne presume pas de la maniere avec laquelle elle va etre utilisee. Analyser cette utilisation necessite de s'interesser aux routines communicationnelles du groupe distant, afin d'aborder l'appropriation de la technologie. Les travaux, en apparence contradictoires, sur la place de la technologie dans la communication, retrouvent leur unite dans une perspective interactionniste. Le centre d'analyse n'est plus le medium, mais le genre. Celui-ci fait correspondre a une situation sociale une reponse en temps de communication, dont le medium ne constitue que le support. Une approche en terme de structuration, reprenant les concepts fondamentaux de la theorie d'anthony giddens, permet d'aborder la dynamique des genres, en explicitant les relations recursives entre interactions et structure sociale. Un modele interpretatif de l'appropriation d'une tic par un groupe distant est alors propose. Afin de verifier la pertinence de ce modele interpretatif, la recherche analyse en profondeur un groupe distant sur la base d'entretiens et de donnees documentaires. Pour le groupe evoque, l'appropriation des tic s'est realisee en trois phases distinctes. L'appropriation realisee dans un premier temps, s'opposant aux proprietes structurelles, a alors debouche sur une situation de crise. Finalement, l'ambiguite importante d'interpretation de la structure sociale a conduit, au moment de la fin de l'etude, a une situation peu stable. Tant la dynamique des genres au sein de chaque phase que la logique du passage d'une phase a une autre ont pu etre interpretees avec le modele propose. Cette recherche va donc dans le sens de la pertinence d'une approche en terme de structuration pour l'analyse de l'appropriation d'une tic par un groupe distant.
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Kouma, Daouda. "Contrat de communication et réception publicitaire." Paris 8, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA081685.
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La communication publicitaire est abordee dans ce travail en derivant de ce questionnement : le recepteur des medias est-il un pur systeme de traitement de l'information ou alors un sujet social qui active une constellation de normes et de tradition pour elaborer sa strategie de traitement en reception ? pour operationnaliser cette interrogation ce travail procede a une articulation de differentschamps de connaissances, toutefois cette demarche interdisciplinaire est essentiellement orientee vers la saisie des processus psycho-sociaux a l'oeuvre dans la reception de communications mediatiques a visee persuasive. Pour donner une epaisseur empirique a ces reflexions, des experimentations menees sur la publicite dans la presse mettent en relief que le proces de reception est largement tributaire des inscriptions sociales des sujets. En un mot, par comparaison l'intention communicative est explicitement << descriptive >> au burkina et << argumentative >> en france.