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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Communism – Philippines

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Academic literature on the topic 'Communism – Philippines'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 20 February 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Communism – Philippines"

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Woods, Colleen. "Seditious Crimes and Rebellious Conspiracies: Anti-communism and US Empire in the Philippines." Journal of Contemporary History 53, no. 1 (2017): 61–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022009416669423.

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This article details how US colonial policymakers and Filipino political elites, intent on fostering a non-revolutionary Philippine nationalism in the late 1920s and 1930s, produced an anti-communist politics aimed at eliminating or delegitimizing radical anti-imperialism. Communist-inspired, anti-imperial activists placed US imperialism in the Philippines within the framework of western imperialism in Asia, thereby challenging the anti-imperial ideology of the US empire. Americans and elite Filipinos met this challenge by repressing radical, anti-imperialist visions of Philippine independence through inter-colonial surveillance and cooperation, increased policing, mass imprisonment, and the outlawing of communist politics in the Philippines.

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Luyt, Brendan. "The early years of Philippine Studies, 1953 to 1966." Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 50, no. 2 (2019): 202–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022463419000237.

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The academic journal has been a key element of the scholarly world for some time and as a key component of this world it deserves historical examination. But this has not often been forthcoming, especially for regions of the world outside the Anglo-American core. In this article I examine the content of the early years of Philippine Studies. Founded in 1953, it has survived and prospered up to the present day as a vehicle for scholarly studies of the Philippines. The content of the early years of Philippine Studies (1953–66) reflected a desire on the part of its editors and many of its authors and supporters to create a Philippine society based on the teachings of the Catholic Church, one that would be strong enough to create a middle path between communism and liberalism. Articles published during this period advocated social reform based on the teachings of the Catholic Church; these articles also aired warnings about the communist threat to the Philippines and the world. But alongside these materials were literary and historical studies that also, but in a more indirect fashion, supported the project of Catholic-inspired social reform.

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Nepomuceno, Tyrone Jann. "Cold War Narrative of Dependency: Revisiting Philippine Collaboration with America and Diosdado Macapagal’s Neo-Realist Response." Scientia - The International Journal on the Liberal Arts 11, no. 2 (2022): 29–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.57106/scientia.v11i2.4.

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Diosdado Macapagal, Philippine President from 1961-1965, whose career was made rich by working in the foreign service, belonged to a tradition of championing a Foreign Policy shaped under America’s tutelage, adhering to democratic ideals, dismissive of Communism, and indifferent to neutralism and non-alignment. While various groups branded this policy as one of mendicancy that jeopardized Philippine Independence itself, President Manuel Roxas, who instituted it in 1946, was given little to no option but to side with America. The Second World War’s apocalyptic results required prompt and massive reconstruction and industrialization, necessitating foreign aid.  This study reveals a chapter in the Philippines’ Cold War History, which show instances of balancing the state of dependence on America with neo-realist postures. Macapagal worked for Land Reform to peacefully address Communism within and collaborated with America in the name of national security to counter possible foreign communist infiltration. In an anarchic world forged by Cold War developments, Macapagal secured US financial and military assistance and defended national interest in a neorealist posture to the point of championing views more orthodox and even contrary to that of America. Filipino’s preference for collaboration with America made the neo-colonial situation manageable at that time, to still reap whatever the superpower is willing to give while it promoted its own global agenda. Macapagal worked within this neo-colonial setting by balancing dependency and neorealism.  References Abaya, Hernando. Our Vaunted Press: A Critique. Philippine Graphic 35, no. 16 (1968). Buszybnski, Leszek. “Realism, Institutionalism, and Philippine Security.” Asian Survey 42, no. 3 (2002). Carr, Edward. What is History? New York: Pelican Books, 1961. Constantino, Renato. Identity and Consciousness: The Philippine Experience. Quezon City: Malaya Books, 1974. _________________. The Nationalist Alternative. Quezon City: Foundation for Nationalist Studies, 1984. David, Randolph. “Philippine Underdevelopment and Dependency Theory.” Philippine Sociological Review 28, no. 1/4 (1980). De Castro, Rene. “Historical Review of the Concept, Issues, and Proposals for an Independent Foreign Policy for the Philippines: 1855-1988, 1989.” https://www.asj.upd.edu.ph/mediabox/archive/ASJ-27-1989/decastro.pdf Accessed May 13, 2022. Fifield, Russel. “Philippine Foreign Policy.” Far Eastern Survey 20, 4 (1951). Forbes, William. The Philippine Islands. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1945. Gribble, Richard. Anti-Communism, Patrick Peyton, CSC and the C.I.A. Journal of Churchand State 45, no. 3 (2003). Guinto, Josias. A Study of Philippine Foreign Policy. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Santo Tomas, 1955. Higginson, P. (1980). The Vatican and Communism from ′Divini Redemptoris′ to Pope Paul VI. New Blackfriars. 61 (719) pp. 158-171 From: https://www.jstor.org/stable/43247119 John XXIII. Pacem in Terris, Encyclical Letter. April 11, 1963. https://www.vatican.va/content/john-xxiii/en/encyclicals/documents/hf_j xxiii_enc_11041963_pacem.html Accessed: 19 March 2022. Lent, J. (1966). “The Press of the Philippines: Its History and Problems.” Journalism and Mass Communication Quarterly (1966). Macapagal, Diosdado. A Stone for the Edifice: Memoirs of a President. Quezon City: MAC Publishing House, 1968. __________________. Constitutional Democracy in the World. Manila: Santo Tomas University Press, 1991. __________________. From Nipa Hut to Presidential Palace: Autobiography of President Diosdado Macapagal. Quezon City: Philippine Academy for Continuing Education and Research, 2002. __________________. Imperatives of Economic Development in the Philippines, University of Santo Tomas, 1957.__________________. New Hope for the Common Man: Speeches and Statements of President Diosdado Macapagal. Volume 1. Manila: Bureau of Printing, 1962. __________________. New Hope for the Common Man: Speeches and Statements of President Diosdado Macapagal. Volume 2. Manila: Bureau of Printing, 1963. __________________. 1963 State of the Nation Address. Delivered at the Old Legislative Building in Manila. Retrieved: March 19, 2022 From: https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1963/01/28/diosdado-macapagal-second-state- of-the-nation-address-january-28-1963/Accessed: 19 March 2022. __________________. 1964 State of the Nation Address. Delivered at the Old Legislative Building in Manila. https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1964/01/27/diosdado-macapagal-third-state-of-thenation-address-january-27-1964/Accessed March 19, 2022. __________________. 1965 State of the Nation Address. Delivered at the Old Legislative Building in Manila. https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1965/01/25/diosdado-macapagal-fourth-state-of-the-nation-address-january-25-1965/Accessed March 19, 2022. Magsaysay, Ramon. Roots of Philippine Policy. Foreign Affairs 35, no. 1 (1956). Manglapus, Raul. (1960). The State of Philippine Democracy. Foreign Affairs 38, no. 4. Official Gazette. Official Week in Review (May 27-June 2, 1962). Official Gazette. Official Week in Review (January 17, 1965). Perez, Louis. Dependency. The Journal of American History 77, no. 1 (1990). Pineda-Ofreneo, Rosalinda. A History of Philippine Journalism Since 1945. Mandaluyong: Cacho Hermanos, 1984. Pius IX. Qui Pluribus, Encyclical Letter. Issued November 9, 1846. https://www.vatican.va/content/pius-ix/it/documents/enciclica-qui-pluribus-9-novembre-1846.html Accessed: 19 March 2022. Pius XI. Divini Redemptoris, Encyclical Letter. Issued March 19, 1937. https://www.vatican.va/content/pius-xi/en/encyclicals/documents/hf_p-xi_enc_19370319_divini-redemptoris.html Accessed March 19, 2022. Russell, Bertrand. Portraits of Memory and Other Essays, London: George Allen & Unwin, 1956. Van der Kroef, Justus. “Communism and Reform in the Philippines.” Pacific Affairs 46, no. 1 (1973). Velasco, Andres. “Dependency Theory.” Foreign Policy, 33 (2002).

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Sales, Joy. "‘Activism is not a Crime’: Confronting Counterinsurgency in the Filipino Diaspora." Journal of American-East Asian Relations 29, no. 3 (2022): 300–332. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18765610-29030005.

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Abstract This article historicizes the transnational counterinsurgency that the U.S.-Philippine governments have conducted against diasporic Filipino/a/x activists. In examining the period of the Cold War to the early 2020s, it makes a case for recognizing existing continuities of counterinsurgency tactics targeted at Filipinos in the United States, such as extradition, deportation, surveillance, and assassination. The Philippine state’s resort to red-baiting during the Cold War and contemporary “red-tagging” has aimed at the elimination of communism and terrorism at home and beyond its national borders, at the expense of human rights. This long history of counterinsurgency also highlights the acceleration and formalization of diasporic Filipino organizations dedicated to promoting democracy in the Philippines during the period of martial law under President Ferdinand E. Marcos, showing how diasporic Filipinos organized opposition not only to dictatorship, but also U.S. support for violent regimes. The transnational opposition against Marcos and then President Rodrigo R. Duterte has characterized diasporic Filipinos as a primary component of democratic movements in both the United States and the Philippines who have linked domestic racial oppression to U.S. imperialism and state fascism in the Philippines.

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KUNG, CHIEN-WEN. "In the Name of Anticommunism: Chinese practices of ideological accommodation in the early Cold War Philippines." Modern Asian Studies 53, no. 05 (2019): 1543–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x17000488.

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AbstractThis article builds on work by social and cultural historians of the Cold War such as Heonik Kwon and Masuda Hajimu by showing how three groups of Chinese actors helped create the locally specific reality of Chinese anticommunism in the Philippines during the late 1940s and early 1950s. It argues that, in a climate thick with Sinophobia and fears of communism, but largely devoid of actual Chinese Reds, anticommunism for the Chinese was only secondarily about rooting out subversives, ideological authenticity, and supporting Chiang Kai-shek's counterattack against mainland China. As a social phenomenon, it was primarily a diverse and flexible repertoire of practices, from crime to civic associationism, that Chinese elites and their challengers employed to bolster their reputations as anticommunists, enrich themselves, and pursue vendettas against their ‘communist’ enemies. By focusing on these practices of what I call ideological accommodation, the article intervenes in scholarship on the Chinese diaspora after the Second World War by showing that anticommunism was essential to how the overseas Chinese adapted to being resident ‘aliens’ in post-colonial Philippine society.

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Chu, Lan T. "Catholicism vs. Communism, Continued: The Catholic Church in Vietnam." Journal of Vietnamese Studies 3, no. 1 (2008): 151–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/vs.2008.3.1.151.

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To what extent can the Catholic Church in Vietnam contribute to both social and political change? Traditionally, scholars have often focused on countries with large Catholic populations, such as Poland or the Philippines, to exemplify the Church's ability to promote political liberalization, while countries with smaller Catholic populations have been largely overlooked. By examining the confrontations and negotiations between the Catholic Church and the communist state in Vietnam, this article demonstrates that such an oversight precludes the recognition of key figures and initiatives that may bring about significant political change.

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Molloy, Ivan. "Revolution in the Philippines: The Question of an Alliance between Islam and Communism." Asian Survey 25, no. 8 (1985): 822–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2644112.

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Molloy, Ivan. "Revolution in the Philippines: The Question of an Alliance between Islam and Communism." Asian Survey 25, no. 8 (1985): 822–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/as.1985.25.8.01p0026u.

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Bosma, Ulbe. "Communism, Cold War and Commodity Chains: Southeast Asian Labor History in a Comparative and Transnational Perspective." International Labor and Working-Class History 97 (2020): 159–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0147547920000022.

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The geographical term “Southeast Asia” dates from the 1930s, and came to denote a topic for academic studies in the early days of the Cold War. As such, it includes Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos, Indochina, Thailand, Myanmar, Malaysia, Brunei, and the Philippines. Southeast Asia has become thoroughly incorporated in the global economy over the past 150 years; first, as a producer of commodities, and later, as a supplier of cheap garments and electronic components. Under Dutch colonialism and British hegemony—the latter established by the conquest of Burma and the imposition of free trade on Siam and the Philippines in the 1850s—Southeast Asia was turned into a key provider of commodities for the industrializing countries. During high colonialism, from 1870 to 1930, the region became increasingly intertwined, via Singapore as the central port and through the role of mainland Southeast Asia as the rice basket for the plantations of maritime Southeast Asia. After the Second World War, the region was the world's most violent frontier of containment for communist expansion. In recent decades, Southeast Asia has become integrated in global commodity chains as a producer of cheap industrial goods, often as a subcontractor for more advanced economies, such as those of Hong Kong, Korea, Taiwan, and later on, Southeast China.

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Stockwell, A. J. "Conceptions of Community in Colonial Southeast Asia." Transactions of the Royal Historical Society 8 (December 1998): 337–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3679301.

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It is a commonplace that European rule contributed both to the consolidation of the nation-states of Southeast Asia and to the aggravation of disputes within them. Since their independence, Burma, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, the Philippines, and Vietnam have all faced the upheavals of secessionism or irredentism or communalism. Governments have responded to threats of fragmentation by appeals to national ideologies like Sukarno's pancasila (five principles) or Ne Win's ‘Burmese way to socialism’. In attempting to realise unity in diversity, they have paraded a common experience of the struggle for independence from colonial rule as well as a shared commitment to post-colonial modernisation. They have also ruthlessly repressed internal opposition or blamed their problems upon the foreign forces of neocolonialism, world communism, western materialism, and other threats to Asian values. Yet, because its effects were uneven and inconsistent while the reactions to it were varied and frequently equivocal, the part played by colonialism in shaping the affiliations and identities of Southeast Asian peoples was by no means clear-cut.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Communism – Philippines"

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Weekley, Kathleen. "From vanguard to rearguard : the Communist Party of the Philippines, 1969-1993." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 1996. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/27565.

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This dissertation is a study of the rise and decline of the Communist Party of the Philippines (1969 to 1993), with emphasis on the role of theory. Against the prevailing notion - in both academic and political literature - that the CPP has been ‘dogmatic in theory but flexible in practice,’ it is argued here that its very failure to develop strategy and tactics in theory ofien inhibited flexible practice. Reasons for the lack of theoretical development include not only the often undemocratic responses of the leadership, but also a number of conditioning factors present from the Party's founding and sustained by internal Party culture and external exigencies. These include the nature of the CPP's break from the pre-existing communist party; the hegemonic position held by the CPP within the Philippine left as a whole; and the very success of the Party's armed struggle in the countryside.

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Glanz, David 1956. "Confusion grows from the barrel of a gun : the Communist Party of the Philippines." Monash University, Dept. of Politics, 2001. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/8816.

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Espino, Irineo C. "Counterinsurgency : the role of paramilitaries /." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2004. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/04Dec%5FEspino.pdf.

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Thesis (M.A. in Security Studies (Security Building in a Post-Conflict Environment))--Naval Postgraduate School, Dec. 2004.<br>Thesis Advisor(s): Gaye Christoffersen, Lyman Miller. Includes bibliographical references (p. 73-76). Also available online.

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Ligot, Jacinto C. "Communist insurgency in the Philippines." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/30553.

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In the post Cold War and the collapse of communism in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe, the communist insurgents in the Philippines are still a potent force and the main threat to the county's national security. The purpose of this thesis is to examine the issues that brought about the resurgence of the communist insurgency and the counterinsurgency measures undertaken by the government. Economic disparity and injustice are major reasons for people to take up arms against the government. Unless these are resolved, the insurgency problem will continue to persist. A purely military solution to the problem will not solve the communist insurgency in the Philippines. While the CPP is the most potent threat to the security of the Republic of the Philippines, it is not yet in a position to win militarily against the Armed Forces of the Philippines. In the same manner, the Armed Forces of the Philippines could not totally defeat the insurgents for as long as the basic issues that attract or draw the people to the communist movement are not addressed by the government.

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Mabunay, Ma Luisa. "Gender relations in women's lives : a study of fishing households in a central Philippine community." Thesis, McGill University, 1995. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=29078.

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This study argues that women's gendered experiences record distinctive features of their subordinate yet resilient positions at home and in society. It portrays the work and lives of selected women in a changing peasant fishing community in the Philippines and suggests directions by which power relations implied in their personal, local, and global lives might be more fully grasped. Despite an underlying perception of 'separate spheres' reflected in such local notions of work as pangabuhi and pangita, the women pragmatically pursue 'public' and market-related roles and activities for the immediate 'private' requirements for their households' sustenance and reproduction. Nevertheless, they are less discerning, and thus, less active in negotiating their strategic interests as women. The recommendations underscore the socially constructed character of gender divisions so demystifying the myths that sustain them. Social development projects that assist but not exacerbate the burdens of rural women are also endorsed.

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Osleson, Jason T. "Protracted people's war in the Philippines a persistent communist insurgency." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2007. http://bosun.nps.edu/uhtbin/hyperion.exe/07Mar%5FOsleson.pdf.

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Thesis (M.A. in National Security Affairs)--Naval Postgraduate School, March 2007.<br>Thesis Advisor(s): Michael Malley. "March 2007." Includes bibliographical references (p. 75-80). Also available in print.

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Heyward, Benjamin Rex, and ben heyward@baptistworldaid-au org. "A Comparative Study of Community Participation in the Philippines." Flinders University. Geography, 2006. http://catalogue.flinders.edu.au./local/adt/public/adt-SFU20070328.131827.

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Community participation takes place when community members act together as subjects. It is argued here that community participation empowers when community members take decisions, or negotiate an equitable share in making the decisions that affect them. However, since participation takes place within a network of power relations it is not necessarily empowering but can take a range of forms from enforcement to empowerment, whereby empowerment may involve not only willing cooperation, but also resistance to outsider project objectives. This thesis explores these issues through a study of how people in three Philippine upland communities participated in soil conservation and livelihood restoration projects initiated by three different NGOs. The principal aim of the study was to identify and examine the changing discourses of development and participation held by the NGOs and by the members of the subject communities. The development discourses revolved around socio-ecology, described as the relationship between the culture and society of Filipino subsistence smallholders and the ecological units of their local environment. The failure of this existing socio-ecology under the pressure of increasing population density on a limited upland resource base was the stimulus for change in the study communities. The thesis compares the NGOs practice of engaging with the communities with their discourses of participation, and examines the importance of the relationships between the NGOs, government agencies and the communities for the success of the projects. The study identified several key factors in the empowerment of subject groups. Firstly, the need for a discourse that enables them to embark on socio-ecological change. For the Filipino communities examined here, the discourse of sustainability was validated by enabling the restoration of their livelihoods. Secondly, outside agencies, either NGO or government, may be needed to catalyse community change processes. Thirdly, the subjects need leaders who have the vision and skills to work for the desired livelihood and social development outcomes. Training activities of livelihood restoration proved highly significant in expanding womens political space that led to opportunities for them to take up leadership, as well as giving capacity-building training for existing and future leaders which helped to equalize gender relations between men and women. Fourthly, the policy and program initiatives of host government agencies can synergize with community and partner agency activities at several levels, including resourcing and building the capacities of leadership.

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Baybay, Carla Selina Q. "Effective Community Engagement Approaches for Climate Change Adaptation in the Philippines." Thesis, Griffith University, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/394312.

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As interconnected knowledge and policy priorities, the Philippines needs to develop more effective community engagement approaches and policies—particularly for its highly vulnerable coastal communities—to better enable robust local responses to climate change impacts, with increasing extreme weather events highlighted. Several social and policy barriers currently impede the development of more proactive and robust adaptation approaches at the community level. They comprise persistent top-down decision-making and planning approaches, poor institutional capacity, conflicting social power dynamics at the local level, and complex social, economic, and cultural community relations. In such context, this thesis advances a highly considered best option for effectivecommunity engagement approach/es to better increase adaptive capacity to climate change in the Philippines, based on knowledge building and practice. To reach this conclusion, the research involved three stages of investigation. First, an extensive literature review, as informed by the areas of environmental management, climate change adaptation, disaster risk reduction and management, community engagement, and local knowledge, in both international and Philippine contexts. Secondly, development of a conceptual framework to more clearly understand the relationship between community engagement and the Philippines context of climate change adaptation, assisted by the broader international context. The conceptual framework consisted of a synthesis of three meta-themes, and numerous themes informing them, as drawn from the existing theory and empirical research on the topic: (i) community engagement and climate change adaptation in international contexts; (ii) local knowledge and climate change adaptation; and (iii) community engagement and climate change adaptation in the Philippine context. Third, empirical data as collected through interviews with 24 local experts and focus group discussions with 91 community representatives in two disaster-prone research sites. More exactly, 11 local experts and 38 community representatives from Sorsogon City, and 13 local experts and 53 community representatives from the Municipality of Lavezares; as provinces on the eastern seaboard highly subject to extreme weather events with contrasting weak and strong community engagement styles for climate change adaptation. All participants had relevant knowledge and experience on community engagement for climate change adaptation, disaster risk reduction and management, and other related environmental issues typically experienced by Philippine coastal communities. The findings revealed that both strong (inclusive and active) and weak (passive and inactive) community engagement approaches for climate change adaptation (and by association, disaster risk reduction and management) existed in the Philippines, as wellevidenced by the representative case studies of Sorsogon City and the Municipality of Lavezares regarding community, government, and non-government-based initiatives and actions. Strong community engagement approaches pertained to (i) community capacity building; (ii) knowledge and awareness; (iii) community support; (iv) input in decisionmaking processes; and (v) community characteristics of unity, empowerment, and positive traditional Filipino community engagement practices. While participants recognised the contribution of strong community engagement to climate change adaptation, weak community engagement approaches reflected participatory barriers of (i) poverty and lack of funding and budget; (ii) disunity, class conflict, and a culture of dependency; (iii) top-down approaches to decision-making; and (iv) political affiliations and unequal social power dynamics. Concomitantly, information dissemination mechanisms, as traditionally weak community engagement, was mostly regarded as a precursor to strong approaches. Similarly, community-based consultations were considered as strong approaches when transparency and open communication were enabled at the community level, to better contribute meaningful input to decision-making processes. In turn, participants suggested four key conduits to strengthen community engagement for climate change adaptation: (i) community capacity building and empowerment; (ii) socio-cultural community and place-based contexts; (iii) leadership and good governance; and (iv) multi-stakeholder and sectoral networks, partnerships, and linkages. Knowledge integration was also emphasised, as was broader intra-jurisdictional coherence involving good governance principles. Positive community characteristics and practices such as bayanihan and pintakasi were also regarded as crucial for strong community engagement. However, in adopting such suggestions, local governments, communities, and NGOs would need to exercise vigilance as these practices can be misused or manipulated by those in power to the disadvantage of those engaging. Overall, the strong community engagement approach was found the best approach for Philippine coastal communities to build effective climate change adaptation to build more robust local adaptive capacity and resilience. That said, the thesis makes an original contribution to the literature in three ways. First, by consolidating the diverse meanings and interpretations of community engagement found in the literature into two broad approaches: ‘strong’ and ‘weak’ community engagement. Second, by comparing community engagement experiences in climate change adaptation involving local governments and communities specifically in the Philippine context. Third, by strongly contributing to the relevant and existing knowledge and practices in the Philippines for strengthening the policy development process of climate change adaptation and disaster risk reduction and management policies (with a flow-on knowledge contribution to the international literature). This contribution was based on many policy insights generated through dialogue in the Philippines with policy actors and practitioners involved in policy design, particularly regarding communities and local governments. Key policy suggestions included integration of socio-cultural and place-based contexts of communities in policy processes, established political leadership and government and community structures, policy coherence across all governmental levels, increased budget allocation at the local level, and strengthening community engagement approaches for interrelated climate change adaptation and disaster risk reduction and management in the Philippines; which also appears to have wide applicability elsewhere.<br>Thesis (PhD Doctorate)<br>Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)<br>School of Environment and Sc<br>Science, Environment, Engineering and Technology<br>Full Text

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Guieb, Eulalio R. "Community, marine rights, and sea tenure : a political ecology of marine conservation in two Bohol villages in central Philippines." Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=115632.

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This study focuses on communities in conservation in central Philippines, with reference to marine protected areas. It analyzes communities as intersections of multiple actors with stratified interests and power, involving complex processes of place-making, ecological knowledge, tenure, governance, markets, and negotiation with domestic and international non-governmental organisations (NGOs). As rights to places are fundamentally at issue with protected areas, matters of tenure are central for the study. And because marine protected areas (MPAs) are community-based, questions of local empowerment have equal centrality.<br>The ownership of rights to marine resources by village members is a necessary if not sufficient condition for the political empowerment of communities in conservation. The issue of property rights in the Philippines is irrevocably linked to issues of equity, as social actors confront prevailing unequal relations of power. The development of community commitment to the reconfigured arrangements of marine protected area establishment depends on substantial economic gains for marginalized villagers, an equitable distribution of those gain, the ecologically sound management of resources over which rights are negotiated and gains generated, and a socially meaningful realignment of relations of power among nested sources of authority.<br>My analysis points to the advantages of a reinforced community property regime that would call for measures by the national government to enhance villagers' tenure over their settlements and community waters (katubigang barangay). Such a regime is no panacea for the manifold social and environmental challenges faced by communities, but it would enable them to engage more confidently and constructively with state, NGO and other interests in conservation, and to address the real or perceived threats of dislocation by externally proposed schemes.<br>Two villages with MPAs in the province of Bohol in central Philippines serve as case study sites to explore intertwined social, economic and political variables that influence issues of conservation, equity and empowerment.

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Fernandez, Pepito R. "Understanding participatory development in Barangay Lumangan, Miagao, Iloilo, Philippines." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ29492.pdf.

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Books on the topic "Communism – Philippines"

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Saulo, Alfredo B. Communism in the Philippines: An introduction. Ateneo de Manila University Press, 1990.

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Tadem, Teresa S. Encarnacion. Marxism in the Philippines: Continuing engagements. Published and exclusively distributed by Anvil Pub., 2010.

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A movement divided: Philippine communism, 1957-1986. University of the Philippines Press, 2011.

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Revisiting Marxism in the Philippines: Selected essays. Published and exclusively distributed by Anvil Pub., 2010.

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Fuller, Ken. A movement divided: Philippine communism, 1957-1986. University of the Philippines Press, 2011.

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Niksch, Larry A. Insurgency and counterinsurgency in the Philippines. U.S. G.P.O., 1985.

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Pimentel, Benjamin. Rebolusyon!: A generation of struggle in the Philippines. Monthly Review Press, 1991.

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S, Allen James. The Philippine left on the eve of World War II. 2nd ed. MEP Publications, 1993.

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Jim, Richardson. Komunista: The genesis of the Philippine Communist Party, 1902-1935. Ateneo de Manila University Press, 2011.

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Chapman, William. Inside the Philippine revolution. W.W. Norton, 1987.

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Book chapters on the topic "Communism – Philippines"

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Lowe, Peter. "Britain, Thailand and the Philippines, 1945–65." In Contending with Nationalism and Communism. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230234932_8.

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Manzano, George, Ma Anne Teresa Rivera, and Bernardo Villegas. "The Philippines." In Southeast Asia and the ASEAN Economic Community. Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-19722-3_2.

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Delas Alas, Patricia Alace E., Anne Marie M. Pagador, and Robert Charles G. Capistrano. "Community-Based Tourism: An Analysis of Ugong Rock Adventures Stakeholders’ Social Capital in Facilitating Community Participation." In Tourism in the Philippines. Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-4013-2_3.

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Seki, Koki. "Emergent Community." In City, Environment, and Transnationalism in the Philippines. Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003224273-7.

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Seki, Koki. "A Community Disciplined." In City, Environment, and Transnationalism in the Philippines. Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003224273-6.

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Seki, Koki. "A Woman and the Community of Empathy." In City, Environment, and Transnationalism in the Philippines. Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003224273-10.

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Dogue-Is, Mary Jane L. "The Episcopal Church in the Philippines." In The Wiley-Blackwell Companion to the Anglican Communion. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118320815.ch30.

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Paterno, Elizabeth, and Louricha A. Opina-Tan. "Developing Community-engaged Interprofessional Education in the Philippines." In Leadership Development for Interprofessional Education and Collaborative Practice. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137363022_10.

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Delica, Zenaida G. "Community Mobilisation for Early Warning in the Philippines." In Early Warning Systems for Natural Disaster Reduction. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-55903-7_7.

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Bacani, Benedicto R. "Youth radicalization and mitigation in Southern Philippines." In Terrorist Rehabilitation and Community Engagement in Malaysia and Southeast Asia. Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780367817466-10.

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Conference papers on the topic "Communism – Philippines"

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"Effectiveness of Corporate Social Responsibility on Below Poverty Line Community Development (BPLC)." In Multi-Disciplinary Manila (Philippines) Conferences Jan. 23-24, 2017, Manila (Philippines). Universal Researchers (UAE), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.17758/uruae.uh0117828.

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Ilagan, John Owen F., and Ma Regina E. Estuar. "Barriers to Community-Based Computing in the Philippines." In 2014 International Conference on IT Convergence and Security (ICITCS). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icitcs.2014.7021745.

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"A Study of Problems and The Reduction Wasted Materials in Coconut Processing of Community Enterprise “Chanmaphowthupsakae” Amphoe Thap Sakae Prachuap Khiri Khan." In June 14-15, 2018 Cebu (Philippines). Emirates Research Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.17758/erpub1.aec0618405.

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"To Strengthen the Participate of the Local Community by Marketing Communication Promoting Sustainable Tourism Method the Case Study Khlong Bang Luang Water Market Bangkok." In June 14-15, 2018 Cebu (Philippines). Emirates Research Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.17758/erpub1.aec0618404.

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Barela, Mary Claire, Mae Sincere Blanco, Philip Martinez, et al. "Towards Building a Community Cellular Network in the Philippines." In ICTD '16: Eighth International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies and Development. ACM, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2909609.2909639.

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Barela, Mary Claire, Maria Theresa Cunanan, Philip Martinez, Ronel Vincent Vistal, and Cedric Angelo Festin. "Community Cellular Networks in the Philippines: Challenges and Opportunities towards Sustainability." In 2019 IEEE R10 Humanitarian Technology Conference (R10-HTC). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/r10-htc47129.2019.9042440.

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Lim, May T., and Jose Perico H. Esguerra. "Growing the physics community in the Philippines in a changing landscape." In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF COMPUTATIONAL METHODS IN SCIENCES AND ENGINEERING 2015 (ICCMSE 2015). AIP Publishing LLC, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4937684.

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Bentoso, Leo D., Erick O. Juan, Deborah G. Brosas, Jessie R. Paragas, Lyra K. Nuevas, and Ma Windie C. Velarde. "Web-Based Solution for Flood Warning Decision Support in the Province of Leyte, Philippines." In 2021 3rd International Conference on Research and Academic Community Services (ICRACOS). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icracos53680.2021.9701990.

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John Sino Cruz, Matthew, and Marlene De Leon. "Analysis of citizen's sentiment towards Philippine administration's intervention against COVID-19." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1001446.

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The COVID-19 pandemic affected the world. The World Health Organization or WHO issued guidelines the public must follow to prevent the spread of the disease. This includes social distancing, the wearing of facemasks, and regular washing of hands. These guidelines served as the basis for formulating policies by countries affected by the pandemic. In the Philippines, the government implemented different initiatives, following the guidelines of WHO, that aimed to mitigate the effect of the pandemic in the country. Some of the initiatives formulated by the administration include international and domestic travel restrictions, community quarantine, suspension of face-to-face classes and work arrangements, and phased reopening of the Philippine economy to name a few. The initiatives implemented by the government during the surge of COVID-19 disease have resulted in varying reactions from the citizens. The citizens expressed their reactions to these initiatives using different social media platforms such as Twitter and Facebook. The reactions expressed using these social media platforms were used to analyze the sentiment of the citizens towards the initiatives implemented by the government during the pandemic. In this study, a Bidirectional Recurrent Neural Network-Long Short-term memory - Support Vector Machine (BRNN-LSTM-SVM) hybrid sentiment classifier model was used to determine the sentiments of the Philippine public toward the initiatives of the Philippine government to mitigate the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. The dataset used was collected and extracted from Facebook and Twitter using API and www.exportcomments.com from March 2020 to August 2020. 25% of the dataset was manually annotated by two human annotators. The manually annotated dataset was used to build the COVID-19 context-based sentiment lexicon, which was later used to determine the polarity of each document. Since the dataset contained unstructured and noisy data, preprocessing activities such as conversion to lowercase characters, removal of stopwords, removal of usernames and pure digit texts, and translation to the English language were performed. The preprocessed dataset was vectorized using Glove word embedding and was used to train and test the performance of the proposed model. The performance of the Hybrid BRNN-LSTM-SVM model was compared to BRNN-LSTM and SVM by performing experiments using the preprocessed dataset. The results show that the Hybrid BRNN-LSTM-SVM model, which gained 95% accuracy for the Facebook dataset and 93% accuracy for the Twitter dataset, outperformed the Support Vector Machine (SVM) sentiment model whose accuracy only ranges from 89% to 91% for both datasets. The results indicate that the citizens harbor negative sentiments towards the initiatives of the government in mitigating the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic. The results of the study may be used in reviewing the initiatives imposed during the pandemic to determine the issues which concern the citizens. This may help policymakers formulate guidelines that may address the problems encountered during a pandemic. Further studies may be conducted to analyze the sentiment of the public regarding the implementation of limited face-to-face classes for tertiary education, implementing lesser restrictions, vaccination programs in the country, and other related initiatives that the government continues to implement during the COVID-19 pandemic.

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Galindo, Ronald M., and Jun-Jun A. Obiso. "Mobile Solar Powered Instructional Technology Equipment for Online Teaching and Learning During COVID-19 Pandemic for Remote Community." In ASME 2021 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2021-69089.

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Abstract As the COVID-19 pandemic continues globally, the disruption of the traditional face-to-face classes in educational institutions is evident. In the Philippines, these educational institutions have shifted to Flexible Learning System (FLS). However, in the implementation of FLS, the teachers and the learners in the remote communities experience internet connectivity problems. This problem is minimized using mobile solar-powered instructional technology equipment for online teaching and learning activities. This equipment is designed to carry all the necessary accessories in the online delivery of FLS like television, solar panel, WiFi routers, inverters, and other power accessories. It is made of Polypropylene Random Copolymer (PPR) pipe material and is mounted on a four-wheel bicycle. Several tests were conducted to evaluate the performance of the equipment. These were the following: stress analysis, solar energy utilization test, portability assessment, connectivity speed test, and quality assessment. Results suggest that the developed equipment is ready for actual deployment in a remote community in the Philippines. With such deployment, internet connectivity problems can be minimized. As a result, the less fortunate learners can have free and reliable internet access. Moreover, a possible related future work is designing bigger mounting equipment that can carry more accessories due to its portability and mobility aspects.

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Reports on the topic "Communism – Philippines"

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Tiernan, Christopher E. Revolution in the Philippines: Comparing the Communist and Muslim Insurgencies. Defense Technical Information Center, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada401379.

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Cagurangan, Alfonso P., and Jr. The Philippine Communist Insurgency and Implications for U.S. Basing. Defense Technical Information Center, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada236546.

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Jiang, Yi, Jade R. Laranjo, and Milan Thomas. COVID-19 Lockdown Policy and Heterogeneous Responses of Urban Mobility: Evidence from the Philippines. Asian Development Bank, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/wps220217-2.

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This paper analyzes data from cellphone-based origin-destination flows to assess the effect of community quarantines on urban mobility in the Philippines after the initial outbreak of COVID-19 in 2020. The analysis of 2020 data reveals that the impact of lockdowns was strongest and most persistent in cities where a high share of workforce was employed in work-from-home friendly sectors or medium and large enterprises. The paper compares findings with cross-country evidence on lockdowns and mobility, discusses the economic implications for containment policies in the Philippines, and suggests directions for additional research.

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Grimes, Kathryn E. L., Adam J. Walter, Amanda A. Honeycutt, Cristina Bisson, and Jennifer B. Griffin. Reach Health Assessing Cost-Effectiveness for Family Planning (RACE-FP) Methodology Report: Estimating the Impact of Family Planning Interventions in the Philippines. RTI Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2022.op.0072.2205.

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In the Philippines, demand for family planning (FP) is high, and the government is committed to helping the population achieve universal access to quality FP information and services. Reach Health Assessing Cost-Effectiveness for Family Planning (RACE-FP) is a decision support tool designed to estimate the impact FP interventions have on averting unintended pregnancies and on downstream maternal and neonatal health (MNH) outcomes. This report provides technical details of the RACE-FP model. RACE-FP is organized by objectives: improve postpartum FP, improve public sector and private sector provision of FP, improve demand for FP, reduce contraceptive stockouts, and introduce a modern contraceptive method. Although other models have been developed to estimate the impact of contraceptive use on averting unintended pregnancy at the national level for the Philippines, RACE-FP is the only model to provide estimates at national and regional levels, include intervention and commodity costs, disaggregate outcomes by age group and setting (public, private, community), and estimate the broader impact of modern contraceptive prevalence on MNH outcomes. RACE-FP can be an important resource to determine the relative benefit of FP interventions in the Philippines and could support policy decisions globally.

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Holland, Jeremy. Creating Spaces to Take Action on Violence Against Women and Girls in the Philippines: Integrated Impact Evaluation Report. Oxfam GB, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21201/2022.9899.

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The Creating Spaces project was a five-year, multi-country initiative aimed at reducing violence against women and girls and the prevalence of child, early and forced marriage in Bangladesh, India, Indonesia, Nepal, Pakistan and the Philippines. This evaluation focuses on tackling social norm change in the Muslim Mindanao region of the Philippines, working closely with the organizations AMWA, UnyPhil, PBSP and PLCPD. It found that strategies were effectively combined at community level to begin to shift local behaviours, while local change processes were linked to higher-level advocacy for progressive legislative and policy change at national and regional levels. Creating Spaces has successfully started to move the dial, proving change is possible with concerted, strategic and sustained effort. This evaluation provides key recommendations to guide future interventions to build on these successes, and create the basis for future social transformation around violence against women and girls and child, early and forced marriage. Find out more by reading the evaluation brief or the full report.

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Bolton, Laura. Synthesis of Work by the Covid Collective. Institute of Development Studies, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/cc.2022.001.

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Overview: This report looked across Covid Collective outputs and grouped findings into three sections. Section 2) Pandemic response; Section 3) Increased marginalisation; and Section 4) Emergent outcomes. Section 4 describes outcomes, both positive and negative, which evolved and were more unpredictable in nature. Pandemic response: Findings on national response highlight shortfalls in national government actions in Bangladesh, Malawi, the Philippines, Yemen, and Syria. Emergency law responses have, in some cases, led states to exert powers with no legal basis. In transitioning economies, state militarisation is having negative effects on constitutionalism and peacebuilding. Lack of trust in state security institutions is identified as an issue in Yemen. Improved consultation between the community, government and security institutions is needed. From a micro perspective, lockdowns were found to hit households close to subsistence the hardest bringing restrictions in to question with regards to welfare choices. Regional responses had different features (outlined in section 2). It is suggested for future research to look at how regional responses have changed interactions between regional and global organisations. The Islamic Development Bank, for example, helped function as a redistribution pool to improve inequalities between country capacities in the Middle East. The Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) supported accurate information reporting. International response with regard to vaccination is falling short in terms of equality between developed and developing economies. World Bank response is questioned for being insufficient in quantity and inefficient in delivery.

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Hebbar, Anish, Jens-Uwe Schröder-Hinrichs, Serdar Yildiz, and Nadhir Kahlouche. Safety of domestic ferries: a scoping study of seven high-risk countries. World Maritime University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21677/rep0123.

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Ferry accidents are fairly common globally, causing countless deaths and injuries. Whereas ferry transportation is an integral part of the domestic transport infrastructure in many countries, particularly archipelagic countries such as Indonesia and the Philippines, river deltaic countries like Bangladesh, countries with extensive riverine systems such as the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Nigeria and Senegal, or even a combination of great lakes, rivers and archipelago such as Tanzania, these countries are experiencing a high number of ferry accidents and fatalities over the past two decades and, therefore, considered high-risk countries in the ferry transport sector. International community continuously seeks to enhance safety in the domestic ferry industry. Thus, a scoping study has been conducted on the safety of domestic ferries in these seven high-risk countries. The study utilizes a structured methodology to identify focus areas in the seven countries for enhancing safety in the domestic ferry sector. The analysis involves past domestic ferry accidents, maritime profile, industry demographics and stakeholder matrix, regulatory and governance climate, political landscape, and amenability to change and external intervention. Eventually, the study proposes a conceptual framework with fifteen distinct criteria, identified against five attributes as an aid to the decision-making in a country for considering a safety intervention with a high likelihood of success and a significant positive impact on safety in the domestic ferry sector. Furthermore, current hazards threatening the safety of domestic ferries and their role in the formation of accidents; key stakeholders of domestic ferry sector and their state of play; national regulations related to the safety of domestic ferries and alignment with the IMO model regulations; national political landscape; state’s willingness to facilitate and receive a safety intervention; and public attitude towards safety are presented in the respective countries using globally recognized indices, questionnaire surveys and personal interviews.

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Philippines: Mobilize policy champion teams to foster utilization of management tools. Population Council, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/rh2003.1010.

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In September 2000, the Population Council launched a nine-month project to test the effectiveness of teams of “policy champions” to increase the utilization of operations research (OR) findings in reproductive health (RH) policy and programs in the Philippines. The team members, chosen from government, nongovernment, academic, and media institutions, received three days of orientation to become policy champions. The strategy was built upon evidence that local decision-makers in decentralized health systems often have little knowledge of RH, and rarely use research findings in their decision-making. The effort focused on using a research-tested community-based monitoring and information system to help providers identify and respond to unmet need for family planning. As noted in this brief, the approach of involving teams of mobilized policy champions proved effective at influencing program managers to use a research-tested information system for identifying clients with unmet need for family planning. This approach was adopted by regional and national organizations, which plan to expand use of the management tool.

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Situation analysis of LGU Health Centers for integrating RTI management within the Philippines FP/MCH Program. Population Council, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/rh1997.1024.

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A Situation Analysis (SA) was conducted in seven local government health centers as part of a larger project studying the feasibility of integrating RTI services within the existing Family Planning/Reproductive Health Program of the Department of Health (DOH). The SA was part of a series of baseline activities conducted by the Family Planning Operations Research and Training Project as part of its study on Integrating RTI Management in Local Government Unit Health Centers. It was conducted by Population Council, Manila, for the DOH. Participating health centers were located in a large and highly urbanized community, a medium-sized city, and two semi-urban municipalities. The research team visited these centers to examine existing facilities and equipment, staff capabilities, and client-provider interactions. Clients related their perceptions about quality of service. SA results showed that FP/MCH and other services offered in the clinics were generally satisfactory. In the clinics that had a laboratory, capacity was limited due to inadequate supplies. None of the centers could conduct basic lab tests for RTIs. As this report indicates, clinic facilities, client-provider interaction, and staff capability, though satisfactory, can still be improved. However, RTI services are either lacking or only addressed inadequately.

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Beliefs and practices about reproductive tract infections: Findings from a series of Philippine FGDs. Population Council, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/rh1997.1012.

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The past decade has been characterized by increasing concern about the medical, social, and economic problems associated with reproductive tract infections (RTIs). The goal of preventing and curing RTIs is now being prioritized by public health agencies in the developing world. Very little research has been conducted on the problem of RTIs in the local context, and it would be helpful for program managers if the knowledge and beliefs now being held about RTIs were more clearly delineated. Knowing more about the way in which these illnesses are viewed by the community, about traditional practices for preventing and curing RTIs, and about the results of ongoing public health initiatives designed to deal with these conditions is also needed. The present study, as this report states, utilizes a qualitative research technique known as focus group discussions as a means of stimulating people to speak up on this subject. While the study won’t provide precise statistical profiles of study respondents, it should allow a first-hand glimpse of the ways in which RTIs are perceived and responded to by a group of "typical" Filipinos.

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