Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Communisme et littérature – Hongrie – 1945-'
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Krause, Anthony. "Écrivains, pouvoir et communisme en Hongrie : le cas Tibor Déry (1960-1968)." Paris, INALCO, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000INAL0011.
Full textThis thesis analyses the role and the carrier of the Hungarian writer Tibor Déry (1894-1977) under the Kádár regime, between 1960 and 1968. During this decade, the Kadar regime attempts, after the 1956 revolution, to pacify and normalize the Hungarian intellectual life. Déry, who is a famous writer and intellectual, and also a great figure of the 1956 revolution, becomes in the early sixties one of the writers most exposed to a negotiation with the regime : thus, just as much as the regime needs Déry in order to give a sign of its liberalism and to gain the writer's support. Déry needs the regime in order to make his way back on the Hungarian literary scene. Gradually, Déry become one of the main partners of the Kádár regime and, in a certain way, an active incarnation of the "Kádár compromise". This thesis first tries to analyse the Hungarian policy and discourse on "compromise", as reflected by the main Hungarian political and cultural leaders during the sixties. It then examines the way this new policy, called "alliance policy", was applied to the particular case of Tibor Déry during the 1960-1963 period, during which the writer and the regime are bound to consider together the possibilities and conditions of the writer's return to the literary and political life. Finally, the thesis presents the different strategies elaborated by Déry from 1964 to 1968 in order to interiorize the constraints of the regime, thus accepting to declare himself free although he is forbidden to make any criticism of the socialist system
Jutteau, Katalin. "Une organisation de la jeunesse dans la Hongrie communiste : le mouvement des pionniers : 1972-1983." Paris 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA010608.
Full textKilani, Katarina. "Idéologie et littérature : l'exemple de la réception des oeuvres romanesques d'Albert Camus en Hongrie, 1945-1980." Amiens, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002AMIE0012.
Full textPálfalvi, Anikó. "Littérature et enseignement du français dans les lycées hongrois de 1951 à nos jours." Paris 3, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA030069.
Full textThe past 50 years saw relevant changes in teaching french as a foreign language in hungarian secondary schools, mainly as a result of transformations inherent in pedagogical thinking and other (ideological) shifts outside schools. Literary texts have always been present in foreign language teaching, though handled in different ways. After a short introduction to the historical background of teaching french in public schools, this thesis makes an attempt at outlining the methodological development in its local context from 1951 on (that is the year of reintroduction, preceded by a brief interruption, of west-european languages in schools) up to the reforms taking place in 1998. On the one hand, particular attention is payed to history and civilization, the later including literature in language classes. On the other hand, we look at the way teachers are trained during their formation. The second part of this work is a comparative analysis of the syllabus and the exercise books employed in teaching french since 1951. This study focuses on literary texts: the aims and criteria of the choices made, the methods of application as well as the relation of the extracts to the original text. In order to look at current trends, we have a quiz among hungarian teachers of french (through various discussions and questionnaires) about the ways of dealing with literary texts in french classes. Our investigation was aimed at finding the common characteristics in spite of all the different practices in which these teachers engage. Our point is that literature as traditionally incorporated into teaching french as a foreign language in hungary, will play a crucial part, on condition that we seek adequate pedagogical means
Bauquet, Nicolas. "Pouvoir, Eglise et société en Hongrie communiste, 1944-1964 : histoire intérieure d’une domination." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013IEPP0045/document.
Full textThis thesis reconstructs the development of relations among the Communist regime, the Church, and the Catholic laity in Hungary, from the arrival of the Red Army at the end of 1944 through the signing of the Partial Agreement between the Holy See and the Hungarian government on 15 September 1964. The thesis takes as its task the reconstruction of a process under whose auspices Communist domination was deeply internalized, as much by members of the clergy as by the faithful themselves. It seeks also to understand the manner in which that domination was able to shape the development of ecclesiastical and religious life. Finally, it aims to reconstruct the political dynamics that brought about this bid for domination and the manner in which that bid was subsequently transformed, particularly following the shock of the Revolution of 1956. The thesis is based on a large body of unpublished and published sources, hailing from the Party-State apparatus (political police, Office of Ecclesiastical Affairs, the Party agit-prop department) as well as the Church (collections of the Episcopate, religious orders, and parishes), supplemented by oral history testimony gathered both before and after the fall of the Communist regime
Kopeczky, Rhona. "Le Cercle de Zugló. Un groupe informel d’artistes abstraits en Hongrie entre 1958 et 1968 : antécédents, activité et résonance (1945-1990)." Thesis, Paris 4, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA040143/document.
Full textThis study examines the activity of a Hungarian avant-garde artistic circle named Zugló Circle, formed by young abstract painters and sculptors. Working in a self-taught way, this informal group gathered the artists Imre Bak, Tibor Csiky, Sándor Csutoros, Pál Deim, János Fajó, Tamás Hencze, Endre Hortobágyi, Sándor Molnár and István Nádler, and existed from 1958 to 1968, during the communist period in Hungary. Through the analysis of its theoretical and stylistic antecedents going back the European School and the Group of abstract artists (1945-1948) until its resonance in the new painterly wave of the eighties named New Sensitivity, the author determines the importance, the ethical value of the abstract production of the Zugló Circle in the Hungarian artistic landscape, which at the time was isolated and dominated by the cultural politics ideology of socialist realism.Putting the young artists’ approach in a theoretical and stylistic perspective, the author defines on one hand to which extent it wished to be the intellectual and artistic heir of the older generation of the Hungarian avant-garde, of constructivist orientation. On the other hand, this perspective also sheds light on how the Zugló Circle differentiates from its spiritual fathers, through the introduction and adoption of the French lyrical abstraction and later the American geometrical abstraction. It also reveals the will to redefine a Hungarian artistic identity and to reinsert it in an international context and stream
Grandsenne, Florence. "Les intellectuels français face aux crises du communisme en Europe du Centre-Est : perception et interprétation des mouvements et de leur répression (1956-1981)." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998IEPP0018.
Full textThis study analyses the reactions of the french intellectuals to the three main eastern european crises once communism settled : the hungarian uprising of 1956, prague's spring of 1968 and the polish solidarnosc movement of 1980-1981. Its attempts to account for the impact of those crises - the movements themselves as well as their repression - on the french intelligentsia and the critical reflexion it lead to, first on the soviet system then, more widely on communism and marxism. The three movements are studied one after the other. For each of them, the cultural and political background is made explicit to clarify the intelligentsia's state of mind. Then each movement, related to the history of the country where it took place, is described. At last, the study of the intellectuals's stands (manifestoes, declarations) and of their written analyses allows us to bring out better their interpretation of the movement and to see if this changed their feelings about communism
Bùi, Trân Phuong. "Viêt Nam 1918-1945, genre et modernité : émergence de nouvelles perceptions et expérimentations." Lyon 2, 2008. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2008/bui_tp.
Full textIn the history of Viet Nam, the beginning of 20th century was a period of transition where took place the passage to modernity, the integration to modern world, the auto-recognition of Vietnamese national identity among worldwide nations and no more exclusively through the opposition-identification to the China sphere. It was also the moment where, face to a modernity coming from outside, which has imposed itself not without arrogance nor aggressiveness, but also with a strong attractive force, especially a cultural one, Vietnamese people were tempted into recapitulating their past, having a new look on the day-to-day life, comparing, confronting, imbuing with different cultures, challenging an order, a hierarchy, and values which have been so far perceived as immovable. After the modernist confucian intellectuals have been put down in 1908, new voices could be heard only with the arrival of new militants on the political front, of a generation of young intellectuals educated in French-Vietnamese schools, or even in metropolitan French universities. So we choose to start our research in 1918 when two set off events took place, the appearance of the first female and feminist magazine, the Female Gender Bell and the feminist Dam Phuong’s beginning of journalistic career. We close our work in 1945 when the August Revolution put an end of a politic and cultural effervescence period with the Vietnamese communist party hegemony on the struggle for independance and the two French and American wars. From 1918 to 1945, our research is favoring female and feminist answers to the modernization of Vietnamese society problem. Its gives an account of women’s (and men’s) will and decision to affirm female presence in public affairs and to express women’s voice beyond the private space they have been traditionally assigned, including their suggestions, and more generally the modernists’ ones to reorganize this private space. Those persons were mostly coming from middle and superior social classes, they were mostly intellectuals educated in French schools. It is concerned by finding out debates – not exclusively female ones – and multiple female identities emerging from complex relationships of questioning or defending traditions, from diverse approaches of modernity inspired by the occidental model. Vietnamese women and men from 1920 to 1945 were trying to promote modernity as well as family and society modernization by efforts invested in college and university studies, in salaried professional work, in socio-cultural activities, in reformist or revolutionary, nationalistic or internationalist militant action. They were therefore participating in custom evolution, in de-building for diversified rebuilding of male-female and interpersonal relationships, relationship between individual and community, especially the familial one. In Part One, as we are determining the context, we are describing and analyzing women’s place and gender problem inside of Vietnamese traditions, which are shown sparkling with multiple faces. The long and rich Vietnamese history has stored diverse contributions to a South-East Asian substratum which has not lost anything of its originality after coming into contact with Chinese and Indian cultures, so brilliant they were. We present afterwards modernization actors and vectors; among them was at the first line public education, but other ferments are identified such as press, the modern literature, women professional occupation, militant activity… In Part Two, basing on printed sources that were artistic production from the period, more particularly literature one, we analyze women representations. Long and short novels testified an exploration of new abilities in married couples, in female virtue, and way of treating each member of the small and large family. They related more and less revolutionary points of view from educated women, their submissive or rebellious behaviours. Poetry uncovered deeper transformations in young people’s sensitivity. This whole modern literature was created by new generations of authors convinced by the cause of europeanization (Âu hoa) – as formulated by the literary group Tu luc (Relying on our own force) – their expedients for promoting new ways of life, new values, or an in-depth renewal of ancestral values. It was both inspired by the current socio-cultural evolution and strongly contributing to this evolution with all the initiators’ multiple talent and reformist enthusiasm. We also relate the stories of militant women’s from different tendencies, of writers, and of some eminent intellectuals’ and revolutionaries’ spouses. The last Part answers more directly the question : in which measure could we talk about Vietnamese feminism(s) emerging before the Revolution of August 1945 ? Our research is uncovering explicitly panoply of emancipating ideas, of innovative practices and questioning their origins. It becomes possible to give an account of an effective Vietnamese feminism’s existence, and to draw up a first recapitulating statement on it. By affirming the Vietnamese women’s and feminists’ effectiveness and dynamism in 1918-1945, we think that we are contributing to re-establish a missing link on the chain of Vietnamese modern and contemporary history, the period from that was perceived as the modernist confucean intellectual movement’s “failure” to the Revolution in August 1945. While being interested by women’s history as a « relational history comparing men’s and women’s situations and roles, examining the two sexes representations » (Françoise Thébaud), we are enlightening other aspects of Vietnamese society and culture in this important phase of mutation. The ideological bases of the Vietnamese modern nation were founded at this moment when different social categories, women as well as men made theirs exogenous values and practices which were then examined, selected, adapted, sometimes rebuild in an harmonization wanted by the majority (we are far from thinking this majority as homogenous and monolithic), an harmonization with traditional cultural values which were also passed through the sieve of critical thinking from modernist intellectuals. While questioning women, we are meeting other Vietnamese forgot, misunderstood, and misinterpreted or unfairly getting marginal people. Those people were nevertheless not only objects (of modern education and socioeconomic changes) but active subjects working for a better human dignity, dignity of women as well as men, of yesterday colonized people who just aspired to become equals, even sisters and brothers
Popa, Ioana. "La politique extérieure de la littérature : une sociologie de la traduction des littératures d'Europe de l'Est (1947-1989)." Paris, EHESS, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004EHES0129.
Full textThis research analyses the political stakes of literary internationalisation, starting from the importation in France of Czechoslovakian, Polish, Hungarian, Romanian and, occasionally, Soviet literatures. To make a sociology of the international circulation of literary works supposes two levels of analysis : to describe the empirical ways of the transfer in France of these literatrues and to make a sociology of the actors having contributed to this transfer. The quantitative and qualitative investigation involved the construction of a database, analysed statistically, the realisation of seventy interviews and an archival research. The model worked out by epitomising six translation channels and the descritpion of their historical dynamics allowed us to confirm our main hypothesis, namely that the international circulation of the works produced under conditions of narrow control of the printed paper obeyed, also, to politicised logic
Diene, Ibra. "Idéologies et discours subversifs dans le roman français de 1930 à 1945 : les exemples de Drieu La Rochelle et de Louis Aragon." Université Paris-Est Créteil Val de Marne (UPEC), 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA120027.
Full textThe great war and the up heaval of consciences thrown light upon the failure of both the middle-class civilization and the capitalist ideology. From 1930, it has an echo in the french novel and in the framework of ideologies, it leads to a real to subvert the social realities. The echos of this crisis in literature enable in the one hand to distinguish within the novel, a subversive discourse rejecting the whole known political doctrines, it is characterized by its pessimism. In the other hand, there is a subversive novelistic discourse based on the faith in doctrines and the highlighting of subversive ideologies such as communism and fascism respectively elucidated here by louis aragon and drieu la rochelle. The discourse outline of these two novelists married a two-time dialectic idea. First the depreciation of the reality, the showing of a scheme of society throughout the choice of the political doctrine used as an ideological pattern. As for the literay preoccupation, which can not be neglected in a novel drieu and aragon's novelistic fictions have to avoid didactism and definite orders. Thus the second-time of their discourses showing off their doctrines is based on suggestive techniques to build on its desire of persuasion. For the same reason, the social scheme remains unclearly expressed. In fact, the tree articulations of this study describe two kinds of novels. The pessimistic ones rejecting any kind of ideology has been well promoted after celine's novel tilled "voyage au bout de la nuit" compared to the 19th century novels. They made up a new subversive tradition. As it appears drieu's and aragon's works carried a transitive ideology, and joined the realitic tradition in order to make their discourses more believable. Their search of legibility puts a limit to the subversion of its form
Gherghisan, Dragomir Lucia. "Une institution littéraire entre exigences artistiques et commande politique : l'Union des Ecrivains de Roumanie à l'époque communiste." Paris, EHESS, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005EHES0019.
Full textFounded in 1949 following the soviet model, the romanian Writers Unions has, during the communism, a very irregular trajectory due as well to political as to literary factors. In order to guarantee its survival, the institution has to play the role of an intermediary between the artistic exigencies of its members and the political commands. This role is not easy, particulary because of the fact that the institution's evolution is influenced by the internal divisions due not only to political constraint but also to the specificity of the literary struggles. Created by the communist party and conceived as a "center for struggle" against everything that opposes its ideology, the Writers Union became, during the communist period, a "center of struggles" of its own members for the key positions in the literary field
Préchac, Alain. "Il'f et Petrov témoins de leur temps." Paris 4, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA040096.
Full textTchilingirova, Ivleva Krassimira. "Horizon et projet des traducteurs littéraires bulgares du russe et du français dans la Bulgarie communiste (1944-1989)." Paris, INALCO, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011INAL0023.
Full textThis thesis uses Berman's methodology of translation critique to explore the 'translation horizon' in communist Bulgaria, with particular emphasis on the way that the 'translation horizon' might have influenced the 'project of translation' in relation to particular literary works translated into Bulgarian from Russian and French. Berman's notions of 'horizon' and 'project' allow us to study the context of the theory and practice of translation during the period in question. Furthermore, these notions also allow us to study the way that translators approach the process of translation and how they introduce foreign literary works. By dividing the communist era into historical sub-periods, this thesis aims to reveal the tendencies which characterise the translation critique and also the criteria used for choosing and transferring literary translations into Bulgarian. This thesis considers the question of whether there was a 'translation canon' and how this might have influenced the practice and theory of translation. The reflections in this thesis are base on an analysis ofthree translations : Paul Eluard's political poems, from the book Pesni za vsicki (Songs for everyone), and two translations of M. Bulgakov's novel The Master and Margarita
Nicolas-Teboul, Léa. "Le communisme des esprits surréaliste à l'épreuve de l'Occupation / La Main à plume (1940-1944)." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCA103.
Full textLa Main à plume, a surrealist group active during the German occupation, represents a particularly intense moment of communism of the surrealist minds. This generation is characterized by the encounter between the direct inheritors of the pre-war movement close to André Breton and a heterodox group built by deserters of Réverbères, a post-Dadaist magazine which had been active during the last years of the pre-war years, as well as more peripheral personalities, and a proximity between the Parisian and the Belgian surrealism. Whilst active they produced several collective and individual volumes of poetry, among them the famous Poésie et Vérité 42 by Paul Éluard. The group adopted the surrealistic gesture and invested the poetical question as a sign of joining the literary scene of the Occupation, as well as the place of a more valuable life. The group made collective poetry and collaboration the central themes of its activities. La Main à plume was also a micro-society struck by war, including Jews and foreigners within the group, a youth forced into the compulsory work service (STO). La Main à plume makes collective poetry and collaborative work one of the central themes of its activities. La Main à plume was also a micro-society hit by the war, including Jews and foreigners within the group, young people forced to Compulsory Work Service. The group is marked by its engagement, firstly in connection with the Trotskyists, then against the forces of the Occupation, for which they paid dearly. In a few years, La Main à plume had tackled the great questions of surrealist poetry through an experimental approach, offering new protocols of invention and valorizing the materials of reality as artistic materials. They looked to new mediums, such as music. They also conceived of a theoretical approach to surrealism, which took the form of intensive collective research around L’Objet, a poetry volume which remains unpublished
Cotroneo, Maria. "Entre fiction et témoignage : les enjeux théoriques de la pratique testimoniale et la présence du doute dans les récits de la Shoah d'Elie Wiesel et d'Imre Kertész." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/30103/30103.pdf.
Full textThis thesis revisits the debates concerning the unspeakable and explores the problematic relation between fiction and testimony in Holocaust Literature. The literary analysis of the works written by Elie Wiesel, La nuit and Le crépuscule, au loin, and by Imre Kertész, Être sans destin and Le chercheur de traces, brings to light a renewed definition of literary testimony and of bearing witness which includes factual and fictional elements. Furthermore, the main purpose of this thesis is to demonstrate that the horrific experiences of the Holocaust can in fact be effectively transmitted and brought to life through literature, contrary to common notion of the unspeakable. These writers do not speak of the Holocaust in the most transparent and direct way, rather different narrative strategies to represent the Holocaust are put to use. The narrative works of Wiesel and Kertész reveal a hesitation and an uncertainty that illustrates the presence of doubt related to the perceived reality of the Holocaust. The objective of this study is to explore the different ways in which the rapport between testimony and truth are weakened and to provide specific examples to demonstrate the distance of testimony from truth. Doubt is seen as the most prominent example in revealing how the obligation of truth in testimony is fading. This analysis of doubt will illustrate how these narratives are much less testimonies of the lived reality rather testimonies expressing doubt of the perceived reality.
Caulet, Erwan. "La petite bibliothèque rouge : portrait de l'intellectuel communiste français en critique littéraire au temps de la Guerre Froide." Thesis, Paris 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA010583.
Full textThis Master's thesis tackle what it means to be a Communist and an intellectual through the example of literary appreciation. In order to do so, it will reconstruct the Communist “order of books” during the first Cold War (mid 1940s-mid 1950s). After a presentation of how this literary criticism came to be and its writing process, a first part will give a comprehensive overview of the criticism and its caracteristics, before the Cold War, when ideologies were still fledgling. Then the thesis will focus on how the literary criticism became more radical, sounding more like pamphlets and being more anti-American; in other words, how it took part in the Cold War. The next part will analyze the development of a bibliography, which would later evolve into the "little red library" of Communism during the Cold War. Finally, the last part will show how the literary criticism started to morph in the mid 1950s, it will explain its variations and the dormant crisis that it experienced. As a result of this work, we will be able to draw a portrait of the Communist literary critic as a thinker who would envision his readings and its authors through the prism of Marxist orthodoxy, someone who would strongly feel about expressing his political views. We will see a glimpse of the Communist literary culture, with its both social and socialist realism, which was concerned with everyday issues or political and social struggles, both in France and abroad. In this culture, the influence of the 19th century could be seen in its esthetic and literary references alike, as it strove to achieve something socially and politically, in an uncluttered fashion, as far as topics and style were concerned
Le, Ray Johanne. "Anthropologie et esthétique du croire dans l'oeuvre poétique d'Aragon, du Crève-coeur au Fou d’Elsa (1939-1963)." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCC003/document.
Full textThis doctoral thesis explores the complex set of beliefs espoused by Louis Aragon in his poetical oeuvre from Le Crève-coeur to Le Fou d'Elsa. He drew his inspiration from love and the support for the communist cause. Aragon's life-long commitment to communism was providential and problematic - it put his literary prowess to the test. This thesis examines how the second world war marked a turning point in his life and how it prompted him to resume writing poems. He became a prophet who relentlessly paced his quarterdeck bellowing hugolian stanzas that combined religious references with national politics. In his poems the captain-prophet spelt out the grammar of the all-encompassing communist militant. Aragon then rethinks the role of the poem and transcends its limitations, his aesthetics being based on efficiency. These times came to an end with the advent of the cold war during which he doggedly preached the gospel of communism. His poems recited the catechism and painted the glorious emblems of his faith. He confronted the crisis as a poet and overcame it in Le Roman inachevé by denouncing in an ambivalent whisper the demise of the utopian ideal. In Le Fou d'Elsa Aragon mustered his mystical powers to reveal the tragic dimension of History through the ordeal and fall of Grenada. He was intent on preserving and reaffirming the preeminence of the passionate search for an absolute now devoid of any political motive
Martinet, François. "Philippe Soupault : la rupture avec le groupe surréaliste." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990CLF20026.
Full textPhilippe soupault was expelled from the surrealist group in november 1926. Surrealist documents give the impression that only literary grievances were held against him. Breton claimed that he combatted the supporter of " the literarty adventure" in order to prevent the isolation of surrealism. However, the accusations levelled against soupault do not stand up to analysis. Many surrealists were regular contributers to la revue europeenne and to the editions du sagittaire, directed by soupault. As for the novel, the surrealist position was far less categoric than it would seem to be believad today. Finally, soupault did not prostitute his pen as was claimed in the tract lautreamont envers et contre tout. Until the end of 1926 he participated lawfully in the activities of the movement. The double exclusion in november 1926 of soupault and artaud must accordingly be replaced in the political context. Andre breton's decision to join the communist party was in opposition to the convictions of the majority of the surrealists. Soupault believed in the liberating power of poetry. Taking into account the failure of the collaboration which clarte, in 1925, he refused to advance further and opposed breton. The failure of the adhesion to the communist party vindicated those expelled in november 1926 : breton's stubborness in following this path provoked the splitting up of the group in 1929 and appears devoid of sens