Dissertations / Theses: 'Communist countries'

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Nazarov, M. S. "Democratic transit in post communist countries." Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2012. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/26084.

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Hitrov, Todor Stoyanov. "Civil-Military relations in post-communist countries." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2004. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/04Mar%5FHitrov.pdf.

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Reynolds, Michael. "Relationships matter : the aid relationship in low-income post-communist countries." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2012. http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/15943/.

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Horne, Cynthia Michalski. "Are NMEs our enemies? : non-market economies and western trade policies /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10703.

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Demetropoulou, Leeda. "The Europeanisation of the Balkans (EU membership aspiration and institutional adaptation in the Balkan countries)." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.364420.

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Wu, Tian. "Democratization in Post-Communist Countries Lessons from the experiences of Poland and Ukraine." Marietta College Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=marhonors1259958972.

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King, John. "The effects of Institutional models on electoral participation and democracy in the former Soviet Bloc." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2007. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/1176.

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This item is only available in print in the UCF Libraries. If this is your Honors Thesis, you can help us make it available online for use by researchers around the world by following the instructions on the distribution consent form at http://library.ucf.edu/Systems/DigitalInitiatives/DigitalCollections/InternetDistributionConsentAgreementForm.pdf You may also contact the project coordinator, Kerri Bottorff, at kerri.bottorff@ucf.edu for more information.
Bachelors
Sciences
Political Science

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Kou, Chien-wen. "The variety in the behaviors of communist armies during political crises : China, Romania, Poland, and the Soviet Union in the late 1980s and early 1990s /." Digital version accessible at:, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.

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Duvanova, Dinissa S. "Interest groups in post-communist countries a comparative analysis of business and employer associations /." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1183919779.

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Billingsley, Sunnee. "Casualties of turbulent economic transition: premature mortality and foregone fertility in the post-communist countries." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/38107.

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In this thesis, I analyze the contribution of the economic context to the fertility and mortality crises that took place across the former Soviet Union and Central and Eastern Europe during the transition from communism. At the macro-level, findings reflect a relationship between a negative economic context and stopping behavior of childbirth, whereas a positive economic context appears to encourage postponement of having a first child. Macro-economic conditions appear to be related to variations in mortality rates as well, particularly for the demographic group that drove the mortality crisis and the causes of death that have been linked to alcohol consumption. At the micro-level, evidence emerges in Russia that downward social mobility and unemployment were two experiences that particularly influenced early deaths and second birth risks. Both women and men were less likely to have a second child if they had experienced downward mobility after the first child was born. While excessive alcohol consumption and poor health did not predict downward social mobility or unemployment, the reverse relationship did appear in the findings.
En esta tesis, analizar la contribución del contexto económico de la fecundidad y la mortalidad de las crisis que tuvo lugar en la antigua Unión Soviética y Europa Central y Oriental durante la transición del comunismo. A nivel macro, los resultados reflejan una relación entre un contexto económico negativo y detener el comportamiento del parto, mientras que un contexto económico positivo parece fomentar el aplazamiento de tener un primer hijo. Condiciones macroeconómicas parecen estar relacionadas con variaciones en las tasas de mortalidad y, en particular para el grupo demográfico que llevó a la crisis de mortalidad y las causas de la muerte que se han vinculado al consumo de alcohol. A nivel micro, la evidencia que surge en Rusia la baja movilidad social y el desempleo son dos experiencias en particular que influyó en las muertes tempranas y el segundo nacimiento riesgos. Tanto hombres como mujeres tenían menos probabilidades de tener un segundo hijo si habían experimentado movilidad descendente después del primer hijo nació. Mientras que el consumo excesivo de alcohol y la mala salud no predicen la baja movilidad social o el desempleo, la relación inversa que aparecen en los resultados.

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ELBASANI, Arolda. "The impact of EU conditionality upon democratisation : comparing electoral competition and civil service reforms in post-communist Albania." Doctoral thesis, European University Institute, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/10435.

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Defence date: 30 November 2007
Examining Board: Prof. Philippe Schmitter (EUI); Prof. Làszlò Bruszt (EUI); Dr. Antoaneta Dimitrova (Leiden University); Prof. Shinasi Rama (New York University)
PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digital archive of EUI PhD theses
This dissertation explores how and to what extent EU conditionality can foster democratisation in a highly problematic case such as post-communist Albania. In order to examining the phenomena of democratisation in operational detail, the thesis delves into the sub-systemic level of democratisation focusing on two partial regimes - electoral regime and civil service system. The analysis follows on the rational choice premise that the domestic actors’ strategies of compliance depend on the structure of external incentives i.e. rewards and threats, that appeal to their interest. Our account on the impact of EU conditionality upon democratisation assumes that the likelihood of compliance depends on 1) the size of the rewards attached to conditionality; 2) the size of adoption costs; 3) the clarity of prescriptions and 4) credibility of reinforcement. The first part consists of developing a conceptual framework for assessing and explaining the impact of EU enlargement conditionality over democratisation processes. The second part explores the case of Albanian democratisation and the specific challenge it poses to the working of EU conditionality. The third part analyses the association between EU conditionality and reform seeking to identify whether the fortification of the EU conditionality coincides with a pattern-breaking change in each of the partial regimes of our choice. The thesis concludes that the EU was more successful to foster reforms in the area of electoral competition than public administration and civil service system. The EU seemed to push forward reforms by articulating clear prescriptions regarding the electoral competition; and advancing contractual relations with the country in function of electoral performance.

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黃慶恩 and Hing-yan Simon Wong. "Reconstructing the origins of contemporary Chinese law: the history of the legal system of the Chinese communistsduring the revolutionary period, 1921-1949." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2000. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31241207.

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Kočegura, Aleksandr P. "Civil service reform in post-communist countries : the case of the Russian Federation and the Czech Republic /." [Amsterdam] : Leiden Univ. Press, 2008. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=017683376&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.

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Michalchuk, Daniel J. "Minority rights as preventive diplomacy, OSCE-sponsored legal reform and the prevention of ethnic conflict in post-communist countries." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0007/MQ36835.pdf.

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Wesolowski, Katharina. "Maybe Baby? : Reproductive Behaviour, Fertility Intentions, and Family Policies in Post-communist Countries, with a Special Focus on Ukraine." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Sociologiska institutionen, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-243140.

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This thesis studies different aspects of reproductive behaviour on the international, national, and local levels in post-communist countries. The main focus is Ukraine, where fertility rates are very low and the population is in severe decline. The studies contribute new knowledge about the applicability of a family policy typology developed on the basis of Western countries’ experience for post-communist countries, and about the influence of family policies on fertility levels in these countries. Moreover, the studies investigate whether and how macro-level influences impact on individuals’ reproductive behaviour. Four articles are included in the thesis: Family policies in Ukraine and Russia in comparative perspective analyses the institutional set-up of family policies in both countries and compares the findings to 31 other countries. The results show that Ukrainian family policies support a male-breadwinner type of family, while the benefit levels of Russian family policies are low, compelling families to rely on relatives or the childcare market. Family policies and fertility - Examining the link between family policy institutions and fertility rates in 33 countries 1995-2010 comparatively explores whether family policies have an effect on fertility rates across the case-countries. Pooled time-series regression analysis demonstrates that gender-egalitarian family policies are connected to higher fertility rates, but that this effect is smaller at higher rates of female labour force participation. To have or not to have a child? Perceived constraints on childbearing in a lowest-low fertility context investigates the influence of the perception of postmodern values, childcare availability and environmental pollution on individuals’ fertility intentions in a city in Eastern Ukraine. It is shown that women who already have a child perceive environmental pollution as a constraint on their fertility intentions. Prevalence and correlates of the use of contraceptive methods by women in Ukraine in 1999 and 2007 examines changes in the prevalence and the correlates of the use of contraceptive methods. The use of modern contraceptive methods increased during the period and the use of traditional methods decreased, while the overall prevalence did not change. Higher exposure to messages about family planning in the media is correlated with the use of modern contraceptive methods.

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Ju, Hao [Verfasser]. "Economics and Elections: Analysis of Economic Voting in Central and Eastern European Countries during the Post-communist Era / Hao Ju." Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2016. http://d-nb.info/110979052X/34.

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Ouimet, Matthew J. "All that custom has divided : national interest and the secret demise of the Brezhnev Doctrine, 1968-1981 /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10408.

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Mališauskaitė, Gintarė. "East versus West : did Communist regimes matter in the long-run? : essays on the comparative economics of the former Eastern Bloc countries." Thesis, University of Kent, 2018. https://kar.kent.ac.uk/71525/.

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The purpose of this thesis is to contribute to the strand of research regarding the effects of communist regimes in former Eastern Bloc. We explored the areas that were likely to be affected at the time of the communist regimes in Eastern Europe and to test if there are any signs of the impact extending to long-term. This is especially important due to the data scarcity and heavy censorship during the period of the Soviet Union, which does not allow to reliably estimate the contemporaneous effects of the regime. Therefore, the main research questions are: • Did communist regime education policies create systematic differences in educational attainment levels in comparison to the rest of Europe? Increasing educational attainment level within Eastern Bloc was an important political goal. This is partially due to an aim of developing skilled labour force to man factories and contribute towards advancements in science and technology in the cold war competition with the West, and, in part, due to being means to implant and propagate the regime's ideology. • Is the popular stereotype of excessive alcohol consumption in communist Eastern Bloc reflected in the behaviour of those who lived through the regime even after its collapse? Alcohol was anecdotally known to be a popular companion for recreation in Eastern Bloc, the idea frequently found in Russian cinematography of the day. Any signs of systematically more frequent or larger intake of alcohol after the collapse of the regime would indicate a combination of at least some or all listed reasons: spreading of cultural drinking norms, drinking preferences becoming habitual, and alcohol being as a coping mechanism for experienced trauma. It is likely the list could be extended by more possible explanations. • Is living under one of the communist regimes in Eastern Bloc significantly related to any long-term differences in health outcomes in comparison to the rest of Europe? In addition, is there a difference in perception of own health? This could help address a question if the communist regime had an impact on health and perception of people who experienced and survived it. Measuring differences in perception is particularly interesting since perception latently affects behaviour and choices of economic agents. Each question is addressed in a separate chapter, but the overarching questions are: do educational attainment level, alcohol drinking patterns, health and its perception show signs of the communist regime in Eastern Bloc having a long-term impact? How much, on average, an experience of this regime could contribute to changing and shaping cultural norms, agents' choices, behaviour and perceptions? Answers to these questions would contribute to the knowledge about measuring impacts of historical experiences, could inspire further research, and potentially could be taken into account when modelling and predicting agents' behaviour.

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Denz, Rebekka. "Elvira Grözinger/Magdalena Ruta (Hg.): Under the Red Banner. Yiddish Culture in the Communist Countries in the Postwar Era / [rezensiert von] Rebekka Denz." Universität Potsdam, 2009. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2009/3817/.

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rezensiertes Werk: Under the Red Banner : Yiddish Culture in Communist Countries in the Postwar Era / hrsg. von Grözinger, Elvira ; Ruta, Magdalena. - Wiesbaden : Harrassowitz, 2008. - 268 S. (Jüdische Kultur. Studien zur Geistesgeschichte, Religion und Literatur ; 20) ISBN 978-3-447-05808-7

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Georgiadis, George G. "External determinants of post-communist economic transformation : the impact of the EU on the pace of economic reforms in the CEE countries 1989-2002." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.613229.

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Dirilen, Ozlem. "Relationship Between Values And Culture: A Comparison Of Central Asian And Turkish University Students." Master's thesis, METU, 2006. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12607765/index.pdf.

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The objectives of the present study were (1) to examine the relationship between culture and value concepts, (2) to compare Post-communist Turkic students studying in Turkish universities and Turkish university students based on their value structures, and (3) to attempt to integrate Triandis&rsquo
and Schwartz&rsquo
s conceptualizations of culture. The sample of this study consisted of Turkish university students (N=292) and Post-communist Turkic students studying in Turkish universities (N=299). Individualism-Collectivism (INDCOL) Scale measuring individualism-collectivism and vertical-horizontal dimensions of culture and Portrait Values Questionnaire (PVQ) measuring the main value types and dimensions were employed to all participants together with some demographic measures. Partial correlation analysis (gender and age were controlled) revealed systematic relationships between culture and value types in expected direction. Horizontal-collectivists appeared to give priority to value of benevolence, vertical-individualists to achievement, and vertical-collectivists to power. The comparison of two samples indicated that Post-communist Turkic sample reported higher levels of embeddedness and lower levels of intellectual autonomy, affective autonomy and egalitarianism than Turkish students. The findings concerning the integration of different culture and value conceptualizations demonstrated that Post-communist Turkic sample reported higher levels of vertical-collectivism and lower levels of horizontal-individualism than Turkish sample supporting acclimation-compensation hypothesis. Findings were discussed in the light of relevant literature and characteristics of the samples, recent developments in Central Asia, and acculturation issues. The study has contributed to the existing literature on the cross-cultural validation of relationship between culture and value conceptualizations using student samples from rarely examined cultures.

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Gashi, Haxhi [Verfasser]. "A Comparative Analysis of the Transformation of State/Social Property : Privatization and Restitution in the Post-Communist Countries - Kosovo as a sui generis Case of Privatization / Haxhi Gashi." Baden-Baden : Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1108817440/34.

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Miller, Daniel Quentin. "John Updike and the Cold War : drawing the Iron Curtain /." Columbia, Mo. [u.a.] : Univ. of Missouri Press, 2001. http://www.gbv.de/dms/sub-hamburg/327515422.pdf.

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Zdražilová, Věra. "Jaké faktory ovlivňují velikost neziskového sektoru v postkomunistických zemích?" Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-85388.

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This thesis focuses on answering the question which factors affect a size of a non governmental sector (NGOs) in post-communist countries and how do they influence NGOs. We compare three countries: the Czech Republic, Hungary and Poland. They are regionally and culturally close but they differ in the political system or in the religion. A regression analysis shows us how values as a size of a state spending influence NGOs. Many authors researched similarities of these three states already but our target is to analyze the mutual influence of development of NGOs, the political system and the religion together.

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Gushchina, Kristina [Verfasser], André [Gutachter] Kaiser, and Ingo [Gutachter] Rohlfing. "Womens' political representation in East-European post-communist and post-Soviet countries: Macro- and Micro-Level Analysis of the Factors of Election to the National and Regional Legislatures / Kristina Gushchina ; Gutachter: André Kaiser, Ingo Rohlfing." Köln : Universitäts- und Stadtbibliothek Köln, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1217402748/34.

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Ridley, Nick. "Money laundering and financial crime in selected EU Accession countries in central and south east Europe during the transition from pre to post Communist era and the role of the central bank : with special reference to the issues of compliance with the Eu." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.419386.

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Verra, Maria. "One Community, Two Countries, Many Languages : The Kenyan Community In Greece." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.527161.

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Iliffe, Mark Peter. "The praxis of community mapping in developing countries." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2017. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/43613/.

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This thesis takes a multidisciplinary approach to understanding the characteristics, quality and production of Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI), through examining the emergent method of Community Mapping in developing countries. While a good understanding exists of the nature of the characteristics, quality and production of VGI in developed countries there is little covering developing countries. This thesis reviews the state of the art and theoretical approaches in Geography, Human Factors and Geographic Information Science. Research methods of Human Factors, specifically Cognitive Work Analysis (CWA) and geospatial quality assessment are also discussed. Through a mixed methods approach, the characteristics of Community Mapping are examined and contrasted against those in developed countries. Consequently the quality of data produced and its mode of production are examined, enabled through the construction of a CWA to situate and explore constraints of the developing world case. By discussing the results and conclusions of these studies, this thesis provides an agenda for the understanding geospatial data quality in developing countries and, specifically, informal urban areas known by their more colloquial moniker of `slums'. By involving the community in data production and decision making it adheres to the CWA principles and ethics of respectful, user centric design. In assessing the quality of the data produced and the needs of community members around tools we create design guidelines for the development of future tools. Finally, this thesis considers how the characteristics of Community Mapping could and should be considered in the use and reuse of spatial data by its integration into Spatial Data Infrastructures (SDI). In conclusion, a conceptual framework for the development of VGI in developing countries is produced, alongside other avenues for further work for the theories, software and communities nurtured as part of this thesis.

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Lu, Lu. "Anti-dumping actions against China : a comparison of European Community and Indian laws and policies." Thesis, University of Macau, 2009. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b1951584.

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Lignou, S. "The ethics of community effectiveness research in developing countries." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2016. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1492917/.

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The aim of the thesis is to explore and discuss the distinct ethical issues raised by the conduct of health-related cluster randomised trials in developing countries, in particular those related to informed consent and representation. The thesis has four objectives: First, it seeks to identify ethical issues and their importance arising in CRTs and present how they are currently being addressed in published trial reports and papers on the ethics of CRTs. Second, it aims to discuss the limitations of addressing such ethical issues within the existing research ethics framework. Third, by relying on a human right to health, it aims to suggest a broader research ethics framework, beyond the existing clinical ethics paradigm, that takes into account the variety of health studies conducted in developing settings, as well as the broader socio-political context where collaborative health research takes place. Fourth, by examining the common moral features between cluster health studies and public health interventions, it aims to inform current research ethics guidelines and discussions on the ethics of cluster research by suggesting solutions to the problem of informed consent and cluster representation in developing countries, as well as to demonstrate the strength of the suggested research ethics framework in dealing with such complex issues. I argue that under specific conditions a cluster trial is morally legitimate to proceed despite the absence of informed consent and that a decision regarding the conduct of research should be within the responsibilities of the legitimate political authorities of the host country. I conclude that collaborative health research, which aims to improve the health status of a developing population, should be part of a country’s policy, similarly to decisions concerning the implementation of public health measures, and that human subjects should be protected at individual, social and institutional level.

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Uesugi, Takeshi. "Slippery bridge : Chinese diaspora and narratives of self and community." Thesis, McGill University, 2003. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=79983.

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This thesis examines the identities and the narratives of Overseas Chinese. Through discussing their history, I explore how the overseas Chinese came to imagine themselves as a community called 'Chinese Diaspora', which is ostensibly held together by the imagination of a 'homeland' in a faraway place in the distant past. By examining autobiographical texts, I discuss how the 'Chineseness' they maintained throughout the migration is founded upon such a virtual reality, and how this in turn is experienced by the individuals. Taking the narratives as something that both reflect and construct their identities, I explore the conundrum women in diaspora face in representing their own experiences of the community on the basis of Maxine Hong Kingston's memoir. Chinese women of diaspora have particular difficulties in claiming their individuality through narrations, especially because the community that sustains the 'traditional' Chineseness is rapidly transforming.

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Gönenç, Levent. "Prospects for constitutionalism in Post-Communist countries : proefschrift ter verkrijging van de graad van Doctor aan de Rijksuniversiteit te Leiden, op gezag van de Rector Magnificus Dr. W.A. Wagenaar, hoogleraar in de faculteit der Sociale Wetenschappen, volgens besluit van het College voor Promoties te verdedigen op woensdag 16 september 1998 te klokke 15.15 uur /." Leiden : L. Gönenç, 1998. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37759174k.

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Aslam, Muhammad Sagheer. "Sustainability of community-based drinking water systems in developing countries." Thesis, McGill University, 2014. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=121365.

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A basic framework for sustainable community-based drinking water systems (CBDWS) is studied in this research program; it is based on the performance of existing water supply systems and on the responses to a survey by the various stakeholders. A model for overall sustainability was developed and validated through its application to about 70 CBDWS in rural settings of northern areas of Pakistan (as part of a developing country case study). In addition, analyses and scenario projections of environmental component of sustainability were made along with detailed analyses and syntheses of statistical surveys to gauge stakeholder perspectives and priorities and to incorporate the results in overall sustainability. The study concluded that sustainable CBDWS can be developed and operated only with active participation of stakeholders (grouped by experience as technical, environmental, economic, social, and institutional). The system must maintain safe and drinkable water resources (environmental considerations) and also maintain the potential for renewability through technically optimized design, high quality execution and regular infrastructure maintenance in an economically beneficial and self-reliant set-up. Social and institutional involvement must also be an integral part of the system. Failure of any of these components can affect the sustainability of the entire system. A relevant definition for sustainable CBDWS was formulated, along with the development of a new model for CBDWS sustainability. The model showed that properly maintained sources, proper infrastructure, aware society, stable economy, and effective institutions are linked components of a sustainable CBDWS, and failure of any of these components can affect the sustainability of the entire system. Scenarios for population that would be without access to improved drinking water in 2015 were also projected on the basis of the field studies. The field studies concluded that environmental sustainability in terms of capacity, quality, reliability and protection of drinking water sources is critical. Projection of these findings to a broader level shows that unless urgent measures are undertaken, serious "fallbacks" may occur in the established Millennium Development Goals (MDG) of the United Nations. In the context of the relevant MDG, such fallbacks can reverse the situation to a previously unsustainable condition.The stakeholder subjectivities and priorities for the various elements of CBDWS were examined and quantitatively incorporated into the system. The environmental and institutional components appeared as higher priorities among the various group stakeholders. The environmental component is a higher priority among stakeholders with natural sciences and engineering backgrounds, whereas institutional component (related to community institutions) is the foremost priority for stakeholders with social sciences backgrounds. Finally, for monitoring and evaluating CBDWS, a cost-effective and user-friendly applied framework capable of accommodating field data with varying levels of quality was developed.
Un cadre de base pour les systèmes d'eau potable communautaires durables (CBDWS) est étudié dans ce programme de recherche, il est basé sur la performance des systèmes d'approvisionnement en eau existantes et sur les réponses à une enquête menée par les différents intervenants. Un modèle de durabilité globale a été développée et validée par son application à environ 70 CBDWS en milieu rural des régions du nord du Pakistan (dans le cadre d'une étude de cas de pays en développement). En outre, les analyses et les projections du scénario de composante environnementale du développement durable ont été faites ainsi que des analyses et des synthèses détaillées des enquêtes statistiques pour évaluer les perspectives et les priorités parties prenantes et d'intégrer les résultats en matière de durabilité globale. L'étude conclut que CBDWS durables peuvent être développés et exploités uniquement avec la participation active des parties prenantes (défini dans l'étude: techniques, environnementales, économiques, sociales et institutionnelles). Le système doit conserver des ressources en eau salubre et potable (considérations environnementales) et aussi de maintenir le potentiel de renouvellement grâce à une conception techniquement optimisé, l'exécution de haute qualité et un entretien régulier de l'infrastructure d'une manière économiquement avantageuse et autonomes set-up. L'engagement social et institutionnel doit également faire partie intégrante du système. Défaillance d'un de ces composants peut affecter la durabilité de l'ensemble du système. Une définition pertinente pour CBDWS durable a été élaboré, avec le développement d'un nouveau modèle de durabilité CBDWS. Le modèle indique que les sources sont bien entretenus, infrastructures adéquates, la société consciente, une économie stable et des institutions efficaces sont des éléments nécessaires et liés d'une CBDWS durables, et l'échec de l'un de ces composants peut affecter la durabilité de l'ensemble du système. Scénarios pour la population qui seraient sans accès à l'eau potable en 2015 ont également été projetées sur la base d'une étude de terrain. L'étude de terrain a conclu que la durabilité de l'environnement en termes de capacité, la qualité, la fiabilité et la protection des sources d'eau potable est essentielle. Projection des conclusions de l'étude sur le terrain à une plus grande échelle montre que si des mesures urgentes ne sont pas prises, solutions de repli graves peuvent survenir dans les Objectifs du Millénaire pour le développement établis (OMD) des Nations Unies. Dans le contexte des OMD pertinents, ces solutions de repli peuvent inverser la situation d'un état précédemment insoutenable. Les subjectivités des parties prenantes et des priorités pour les différents éléments de CBDWS ont été examinés et quantifiable incorporés dans le système. Les composantes environnementales et institutionnelles sont apparues comme des priorités plus importantes entre les différentes parties prenantes du groupe. La composante environnementale est une priorité plus élevée chez les intervenants en sciences naturelles et en génie milieux, alors que composante institutionnelle (par rapport aux institutions communautaires) est la priorité pratique pour les parties prenantes avec les sciences sociales milieux. Enfin, pour suivre et évaluer CBDWS, un cadre appliqué rentable et convivial, mais bien définie et systématique capable de recevoir des données de terrain avec différents niveaux de qualité a été développé.

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Belanger, Dominique. "Helping the poor in underdeveloped countries : a practice of resistance and solidarity." Thesis, McGill University, 1999. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=31567.

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Historically, development practice and theory has been focused on increasing the productive capacity of the poor towards the modernization of their society. More than often, this approach resulted in excluding the poor from fully participating in their own development. This research project is a qualitative study in the practice of resistance to the domination of expert knowledge and the economic growth model, a resistance focused on developing an authentic solidarity with the poor. Using narratives as a method of inquiry, an attempt was made at defining the commonality upon which our relationship with the poor can be initiated and from which common action can be undertaken in helping the poor meet their needs. The findings suggest that it is in the shared experience of oppression that an authentic relationship can be developed. Importance is attributed to the quality of the exchange between the worker, the poor and the donor in our attempt to resist ethnocentrism. It calls for a less grandiose vision of development in favor of an approach focused on meeting the needs of specific communities in underdeveloped countries.

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Moyo, Clement Zibusiso. "Financial liberalisation and economic growth in SADC countries." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/5748.

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Attaining high levels of economic growth and development has been one the goals of the Southern African Development Community (SADC). This paper investigates the relationship between financial liberalisation and economic growth in SADC countries. Annual data for the 15 SADC countries for the period 1985-2011 was used to develop a fixed effect model, generalised method of moments (GMM) as well as the fully-modified OLS (FMOLS) cointegration test. The results revealed that there is a positive relationship between financial liberalisation and economic growth in SADC but there is no long-run relationship between the two variables. It is recommended that the SADC adopt measures to increase the level of financial openness in the region in order to increase economic growth but this policy should be supplemented by other growth enhancing policies in order to increase economic growth over the long-term. However, prior to the increase in the level of financial openness, well-defined property rights and a sound regulatory framework should be in place to monitor the financial liberalisation process in order to avoid financial crises.

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Coggins, Bridget L. "Secession, recognition & the international politics of statehood." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1154013298.

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Nouvel, Laurent. "Le renouveau du traitement des entreprises communes en droit européen de la concurrence /." Thesis, McGill University, 2000. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=30803.

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The assessment of joint venture appears to be one of the most difficult issues in European competition law. A rational and well-balanced treatment is long awaited. Indeed, the artificial distinction between co-operative and concentrative joint ventures was based on complex and contradictory criteria. The European Commission applied them flexibly at the expense of predictability, damaging the legal certainty that is so necessary for these transactions. The existence of two distinct regimes, one for concentrative and one for co-operative joint ventures, with more favourable treatment for the former, explains why firms wished to subject their transactions to the Merger Regulation rather than article 81 of the Treaty. The reform of the Merger Regulation, which entered into force in 1998, modifies the boundaries between the different types of joint ventures, now focusing on structural criterion. It gives birth to a new distinction between structural and behavioural joint ventures. This simplification of the qualification phase, however, raises new questions relating to the content and the relevance of the chosen criterion. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)

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Samuel, J. "Community education and community development : A study of policy and practice in developed and developing countries." Thesis, Cranfield University, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.376192.

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Egbe, Daniel Enonnchong. "The Global Mediterranean Policy : the evolution of the EU-Mediterranean countries relations during 1976-1998 /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9998481.

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LEAL, ARCAS Rafael. "Theory and practice of EC external trade law and policy." Doctoral thesis, European University Institute, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/13171.

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Defence date: 11 March 2008
Examining board: Prof. Bruno De Witte, European University Institute (Supervisor) ; Prof. Francesca Martines, Faculty of Economics, University of Pisa ; Prof. Petros C. Mavroidis, Columbia Law School, NY and University of Neuchâtel ; Prof. Ernst-Ulrich Petersmann, European University Institute
PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digital archive of EUI PhD theses
Both the European Community (EC) and its Member States agree that it is in their best interest to coordinate their action vis-à-vis the rest of the world in international trade agreements. Theory and Practice of EC External Trade Law and Policy looks at the intricacies of the institutional framework of EC trade law, and with special emphasis on services trade, examines the law and practice of EC external trade relations from a policy, economic, legal and an overarching European constitutional perspective. The objective of the author’s analysis is not only to find ways to nurture and preserve the unitary character of EC external trade relations in areas of shared competence between EU Member States and EU institutions, but also to understand the management of the EC’s external trade relations. The book begins with an analysis of the evolution of the EC common commercial policy, through which the author examines the checks and balances at the micro, meso and macro levels. The author then proceeds to analyse the problems faced by the EU in its external relations and the legal complexity of mixed agreements. This unique legal phenomenon is tackled from an intra-EC perspective as well as from an extra-EU perspective taking into account various implications for third parties. The major EU institutions are examined: the Commission as the negotiator of international trade agreements, the role of the EU Council and the European Parliament in concluding and ratifying of agreements and the European Court of Justice in relation to judicial enforcement. The EU’s decision-making process in the trade arena and its relation with national institutions are examined. The book concludes with an analysis of the EC’s contribution to the Doha Round in the area of services trade.

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Sohail, Muhammad. "An investigation into the procurement of urban infrastructure in developing countries." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1997. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/7523.

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The poor in urban areas of developing countries suffer from inadequate tertiary (neighbourhood level) urban infrastructure; water and sanitation, solid waste, drainage, access pavements, street lighting and community buildings. Procurement of tertiary level infrastructure is the responsibility of the public sector. Rapid urbanisation is outstripping the already lacking resources of public sector. The involvement of private commercial sector in the procurement is through the micro-contracts. The term, 'micro-contracts', is proposed for the small and medium size contracts. In some cases a third sector like NGOs, CBOs and community groups have also played roles in the procurement of infrastructure. The processes, roles, relationships and performance of micro-contracts procured under routine and community participated strategies were explored with a view to promote the role of the community in the procurement process. The constraints to contract, relationship between public sector and community groups and ways to overcome those constraints were explored. The contract contexts were taken from India, Pakistan and Sri-Lanka. Both qualitative and quantitative techniques were used. A multiple case study approach was adopted for the research. During the research three hundred and ninety contracts, more than a hundred interviews and filed notes and more than two hundred documents related to the micro-contracts were reviewed and analysed. The concept of benchmarking was adopted in performance analysis. 'Community partnering' is proposed as a procurement strategy to facilitate the community to play different roles parallel to the roles of Client, Engineer and Contractor. The cost and benefits of community partnering were discussed. It was concluded that, for the similar conditions studied, the community partnering between the urban public sector and suitable urban communities is an appropriate procurement strategy. The recommendations include a number of actions which could be taken to promote the community role in urban infrastructure procurement. Areas of future research are proposed.

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Kelsey, Robert. "Cost reduction opportunities for low-income community water supplies in developing countries." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.316049.

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Lukamba, Muhiya Jean-Marc. "Evaluating power trading in selected countries of the Southern African development community." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1682.

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Thesis (DTech (Public Management))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2008
The research explores an evaluation of cross-border electricity trading among countries of the Southern African Development Community (SADC). Understanding this trading achieve through an analysis of various global electricity markets. The research disclose that in the electricity markets in Europe, North America, South America and Asia analysed in this thesis, none managed to successful eliminate power shortages. Their situation, however, is different from that of the Southern Africa Power Pool (SAPP). The apparent poor design of the SAPP as a regional power pool impacts negatively on power trading within its region. A strategic public management model was used to analyse the organisational dynamics of the electricity companies of the three countries selected for this research (Democratic Republic of Congo, South Africa and Zimbabwe). A Strength Weakness Opportunities and Threats (SWOT) analysis carried out on these markets indicated that there are problems among different electricity companies, each requiring a solution. Each country's evaluation highlighted a need for an accountable government to implement a goal-directed policy to militate against any dysfunctional operations by the electricity companies. The quantitative and qualitative data analyses of the fieldwork results showed the SAPP had struggled hard to increase the capacity of members' power trading. The study indicated internal problems in terms of increasing trading volumes. The time series analysis showed power trading in the short-term electricity market had decreased annually. Linear regression analysis also indicated a decline in the capacity of the SAPP. A number of factors could explain the reduction of capacity in the SAPP, but the research results suggested a strong probability that electricity capacity would decrease further, as the countries, trading in the power pool have experienced decreased electricity volume annually because of internal demand. In addition to a number of. recommendations, the research proposes a normative model that could be used by nations to manage and assess the electricity market. An understanding of the input as adapted from Easton inpuUoutput normative 11 transformational systems model, in terms of different governments, should assist policy-makers to transform the power trading generating distribution industry. Global experience shows the need to establish a normative transformation of the electricity industry in the SADC region. It is clear from the results of this study that the SADC electricity markets have been poorly transformed in terms of a particular normative guideline. The situation has also disadvantaged the SAPP, which, in recent times, had less electricity capacity with which to trade. Implementation of the normative model in the context of this study sought to analyse all aspects that might influence the transformation of the electricity sector, and to grow a currently dysfunctional state to that of functionality and reliability. While each country faced its own reality in terms of the transformation of its public enterprises, the study recommends the normative model be implemented in the same way in each selected country.

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Padget, Michael. "Antibiotic resistance among children in low-income countries - Investigating community antibiotic consumption." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLV130/document.

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La résistance bactérienne aux antibiotiques est un problème de santé publique majeur, touchant plus particulièrement les enfants dans les pays en développement (PED).Nous avons effectué une revue systématique de la littérature pour quantifier le niveau de résistance aux antibiotiques chez les enfants âgés de moins de 2 ans dans les PED. De manière générale, les données sur la résistance aux antibiotiques dans la population étudiées sont rares. Selon les publications identifiées, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, et Klebsiella spp. apparaissent comme les causes les plus fréquentes d’infections néonatales sévères. Chez les enfants âgés de 1 à 24 mois, Streptococcus pneumoniae et Salmonella spp. apparaissent comme les causes les plus fréquentes d’infections bactériennes invasives.Dans une seconde revue systématique, nous avons examiné les méthodologies actuelles utilisées pour mesurer la consommation d’antibiotiques dans les PED.Nos résultats montrent qu’aucunes des méthodologiesne permet, à elle seule, de répondre aux besoins de ces pays en terme de données.Nous avons conduit une enquête en population à Madagascar et au Sénégal afin d’examiner les modalités de consommation d’antibiotiques chez des enfants de moins de 2 ans. Dans les 2 pays, la plupart des antibiotiques étaient achetés en pharmacie sur présentation d’une ordonnance. Une proportion élevée des antibiotiques était utilisée pour le traitement d’infections probablement d’origine virale. Des facteurs tels que la disponibilité de centres de santé, de pharmacies, l’existence de programmes de remboursement ou encore la formation du personnel pourraient influencer la fréquence de consommations d’antibiotiques au niveau national.Les résultats issus de ces travaux de recherche ajoutent des données essentielles à la littérature existante et mettent en évidence des leçons importantes pour la lutte contre la résistance aux antibiotiques dans les PEDs
Antimicrobial resistance is a growing threat across the world and is likely to disproportionately affect children in low-income countries (LICs).To estimate the burden of antibiotic resistance in the community among children under two in LICs we undertook a review of published literature. Common isolates in neonatal sepsis cases included Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Klebsiella. Among children 1 mo. to 2 yrs., Streptococcus pneumonia and Salmonella were most often reported. Information on antibiotic resistance was sparse and often relied on few isolates.We reviewed methods to measure antibiotic consumption in LICs from published literature and showed that current techniques used in isolation are insufficient to respond to all the data needs in LICs. Integrating study techniques and starting with community surveys may respond more adequately to this issue in LICs and lead to more actionable results.To investigate patterns of antibiotic consumption and related factors among children under two in Madagascar and Senegal we undertook community surveys in two sites in Madagasgar (Antananarvo and Moramanga) and one site in Senegal. Results showed relatively high levels of antibiotic use among children. The majority of antibiotics were purchased in pharmacies with a prescription in both countries. Data suggest a high proportion of use for likely viral infections. Local contexts including the availability of health care facilities, availability of pharmacies, national payment schemes, and provider training seemed to play a role in country usage rates.Results from this work add essential data to the literature where relatively little data exists and reveal important lessons about studying and combating antibiotic resistance in LICs

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Ellis, Sotear. "Community based tourism in Cambodia : exploring the role of community for successful implementation in least developed countries." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2011. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/451.

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Sustainable tourism has been identified as a potential tool for development in Least Developed Countries (LDCs). Specifically, at the community level, Community Based Tourism (CBT) has emerged as an effective model to promote the development of sustainable tourism which produces meaningful benefits for all sectors of the community while protecting the longevity of the tourist product, and encouraging environmental and cultural conservation. The practical implementation of sustainable tourism in LDCs via CBT models faces many challenges. The source of these challenges is the complex stakeholder environment in which the theoretical and practical elements of CBT exist. Stakeholders have influenced the theoretical understanding of CBT through the multitude of definitions further hindered by the variations in terminology that abound within the theoretical literature. Internal stakeholders further complicate the implementation of CBT in communities, through misinterpretation and their different agendas. The potential negative outcomes of these external stakeholder influences include the persistence of poor quality theoretical models and inadequate information sources for practitioners. Internal influences can result in increasing power imbalances within the community, and the establishment of conflicting goals for CBT. Cambodia presents a unique opportunity to explore CBT as the model utilised to implement sustainable tourism for development in an LDC. Cambodia, identified as an LDC in 2001, has focused on the use of tourism to stimulate development, with recent attention being given to the opportunities for CBT. The aim of this research gives consideration to developing informed best practice for the implementation of CBT in LDC communities by finding a means to minimise these potential negative outcomes. To do so, the case studies of two rural communities in Cambodia utilising CBT to stimulate community development have been explored –Banteay Chhmar, Banteay Meanchey Province, and Banlung, Ratanakiri Province. The research was conducted in two phases, consisting of semi-structured and structured interviews with members of the community directly participating in tourism, the tourism committee, and non-participants in tourism. A total of 67 residents participated in both phases of the research. The key findings of this research.The key findings of this research show a strong positive perception of tourism by both communities which is supported by the perception of a range of positive economic, social, cultural and environmental impacts which dominate any minor perceived negative impacts. The research revealed the importance of the role of perception in the successful implementation of CBT. In particular, the research revealed that the perception of self,perception of community, and perception of the tourism committee have a considerable effect on the development of community support for tourism, which enhances meaningful participation for effective implementation of CBT. This alludes to social capital as an idea which can benefit the theoretical understanding of CBT, and therefore, inform practice. This research informs the practical implementation of CBT by highlighting the importance of open communication as a facilitator of education and awareness of CBT, which supports tolerance and support of CBT during and after implementation. Also highlighted was the importance of community pride, collaboration and commitment to community activities, represented as community cohesion. This cohesion is essential for the implementation of CBT in the LDC context, as it serves to mitigate some of the challenges encountered in disadvantaged communities. Finally, the foundations for a considered approach for the establishment of effective CBT committees are established. In addition to the assumption that CBT committees ensure community control of tourism and fund development goals, there is also a need to focus on the continued support of community cohesion as being essential for the continued success of CBT in the long term. From this exploration of two sites in Cambodia, this research makes meaningful theoretical contributions regarding the foundations of understanding how to implement CBT effectively in the Cambodian LDC context. The practical solutions identified will facilitate this implementation process, and can potentially be extrapolated to other similar LDC settings, and into general community development scenarios.

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Issa, Abdul-hakim Ameir. "Decentralisation in SADC countries :transformation and challenges of decentralisation." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2004. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&amp.

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This study focussed on the transformation of the institutions of local government from deconcentration, delegation to devolution. This transformation can be looked at starting with the institutions inherited from the colonial era, which started after the Berlin Conference of 1884, which divided Africa among the western powers. Then the transformation, which took place immediately after independence
that is the period of 1960s, the changes made in the 1980s and finally the transformation taking place following the multiparty democracy in the 1990s. The study looked at decentralisation during the colonial period
decentralisation after independence, with a particular focus on the institutions under a single party system
transformation of local government under multiparty system. It also examined the challenges facing decentralisation in the SADC region.

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Li, Kwan-leung, and 李君樑. "The European currency crisis: a replay of strains on bretton woods system." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1995. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31954522.

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Warzala, Edward. "The political economy of Latin American-Soviet Area rapprochement Brazil, Peru, and Argentina in comparative perspective /." 1989. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/29193961.html.

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Pšenáková, Lucia. "The Performance of Export Credit Agencies in European Post-Communist Countries." Master's thesis, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-338143.

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This thesis contributes to current literature dealing with the topic of sovereign export promotion in form of government-back export credit agencies by analysing a very homogenous group of Central European countries. Export credit agencies in the Visegrad region indeed foster export. Different institu- tional forms of export credit agencies are compared and using example of a small open economy, the Czech Republic, it is suggested that the most prof- itable and effective strategy for governments in comparable countries is to establish an export credit agency offering insurance and export guarantees. The export credit agency with the best performance in the region is Slovak Eximbanka.

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Wei, Jui-hung, and 魏瑞宏. "The Comovement of Remittances and Economic Growth ：Lessons form Former Soviet Union Communist countries." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/42793202639496736058.

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碩士
國立中山大學
政治學研究所
101
In this study, the dynamic relationship be tween labor remittance and GDP per capita is measured by Frequency Spectrum Analysis that wavelet checks the co-movement of the variables in different frequency. The analysis method has three characters. Remittances and GDP per capita into a frequency and time three-dimensional correlation contour associated distribution graph. First, it consider the dynamic correlation. Second, the fluctuation of the frequency reflects the co-movement of the variables at different frequency/time span. Third, it’s implicated that the strenth of the co-movement is associated with the political reality. The results show that due to the changes of economic and labor policies adjustments, the application of remittance, the scale of economics and the global financial crisis, the interaction between labor remittance and economic development in the former Soviet Unions is dynamic correlation with the long run and high frequency as well as short run and low frequency, respectively.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Communist countries'

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