Academic literature on the topic 'Communistic party of Czechoslovakia'

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Journal articles on the topic "Communistic party of Czechoslovakia"

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Lukes, Igor. "The Czechoslovak Special Services and Their American Adversary during the Cold War." Journal of Cold War Studies 9, no. 1 (January 1, 2007): 3–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jcws.2007.9.1.3.

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U.S. intelligence officials in early postwar Czechoslovakia had access to some of the Czechoslovak government's highest-ranking individuals and plenty of time to prepare for the looming confrontation with the Czechoslovak Communist Party. Yet the Communist takeover in February 1948 took them by surprise and undermined their networks. This article discusses the activities of four Czechoslovak security and intelligence agencies to demonstrate that the scale of the U.S. failure in Prague in 1945–1948 was far greater than often assumed, especially if one considers the substandard size and quality of Czechoslovakia's Communist-dominated special services after the war.
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Hlaváček, Jiří. ""An Offer Not to Be Refused": Ideology and Communist Party Membership before 1968 in the Narratives of the Czechoslovak Officer Corps." Wrocławski Rocznik Historii Mówionej 8 (June 26, 2019): 81–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.26774/wrhm.243.

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This study focuses on the reflection of the relationship between the army and ideology in Czechoslovakia in the 1960s. The main attention is paid to the issue of membership of Czechoslovak People's Army officers in the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia before 1968. Through the analysis of oral-historical interviews, the author follows the narrative and legitimizing strategies of rejecting or accepting party membership, which was one of the conditions of career growth in the military during the period under review. An important factor in (re) constructing narrators’ memories in this case is the current media image of the communist regime in Czech society.
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Gubricová, Janette. "Forming Pupils’ Positive Relationship to the Soviet Union in the Period of Socialism in Czechoslovakia Through the Lens of Chronicles." Slovenský národopis / Slovak Ethnology 69, no. 2 (June 1, 2021): 236–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/se-2021-0013.

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Abstract The cooperation of Czechoslovakia (and other socialist countries) with the Soviet Union was an important phenomenon during the period of socialism. It represented one form of building and consolidating socialism within socialist countries. Relationships with the Soviet Union affected political, ideological, economic and cultural domains, including education. This study follows points of departure and forms of building children’s positive relationship with the Soviet Union in the period of socialism. The content analysis of the Pioneer Organisation chronicles shows that the most frequently identified forms of activities were regularly organised (celebrations of memorial days and public holidays, politically motivated commitments, correspondence, games, expeditions, competitions, etc.). Some identified activities could be considered occasional, as they reflected current events in the Soviet Union (showing Soviet films, deaths of prominent politicians, anniversaries of birth/death of politicians, etc.). The proclaimed “diversity and attractiveness of content and forms” can characterise the process, and it affected many domains of children’s lives. However, the (in)direct power interest of the Soviet Union was hidden in the proclamation of “children’s well-being”, while the programme of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia was implemented to reinforce the communistic ideology and actual political interests.
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Švecova, Martina. "Regime Preferences in Communist Czechoslovakia and the Narrative on the Slovak National Uprising." Political Preferences, no. 27 (December 10, 2020): 79–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.31261/polpre.2020.27.79-94.

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Most of the participants in the Slovak National Uprising (SNP) were fighting for the ideals of democracy and freedom, for the defeat of fascism and Nazism and for the new Czechoslovak Republic with equal status for the Slovak people within it. They could not have foreseen that communist totalitarianism would be established after the war, one that would try to use the Uprising as a precursor for the socialist revolution (Fremal 2010: 359). The Communist Party, with the support of historians, utilised the legacy of the SNP to justify its political actions. Czechoslovak identity was also constructed through the image of the SNP, whose annual celebrations provided the communists with the opportunity to interpret the legacy of the SNP in various forms. This work deals with the way the communists interpreted the SNP in order to convince the public that this was a people's Uprising intended to lead to social equality and the eventual acceptance of communism in Czechoslovakia in the years 1947,1948 and 1954.
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Pehr, Michal. "Josef Plojhar a rok 1968. Konec jedné ministerské kariéry." Časopis Národního muzea. Řada historická 188, no. 3-4 (2021): 55–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.37520/cnm.2019.007.

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Catholic priest and chairman of the Czechoslovak People’s Party, and supreme functionary of the Board of pro-regime organisations (e.g. long-term vice-chairman of the Association of Czechoslovak Soviet Friendship), Josef Plojhar, was a distinctive figure in the political world of Communist Czechoslovakia during the first twenty years of its existence. He was one of the historically longest serving ministers of health and spent an unbelievable twenty years and one month in this position. He survived a number of political upheavals and purges within the terms of post-February Czechoslovakia. All this makes him an indisputably interesting figure, who has been neglected by previous historic research. This study is about the end of the climactic political career of this Catholic priest and chairman of the Czechoslovak People’s Party, who was Minister of Health from 1948 to 1968. His political downfall came about in connection with the Prague Spring in 1968.
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Kudrna, Jan. "Volný mandát člena parlamentu v ústavním vývoji Československa a České republiky." PRÁVNĚHISTORICKÉ STUDIE 51, no. 2 (August 10, 2021): 89–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.14712/2464689x.2021.20.

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This article deals with the issue of the matter of the mandate of members of parliament in the constitutional history of Czechoslovakia and the Czech Republic. Namely the article is dedicated to the problem, whether and when in the years 1918–2020 the mandate of the members of parliament was free or imperative. The detailed description shows, that in Czechoslovakia strongly prevailed the imperative mandate, irrespective of character of the political regime. The pre-war Czechoslovak constitution adopted in 1920 expressly declared the mandate as a free one and members of parliament should use them regardless of any instructions or commands. Nonetheless very quickly, in 1923, through the decision of the Election Court, the first deputies were deprived of their functions as a sanction for leaving their party policy. Thus, even in the democratic regime the mandate was transformed into the imperative form. After the WWII, the political circumstances in Czechoslovakia changed and the regime turned into a totalitarian form under the hegemony of the communist party. In these circumstances the deputies should serve as servants of the voters, to follow their instructions and they could be recalled, if not fulfilling the will of the (working) people. Nonetheless the recall system based on the public meetings of the voters was not very practical and it could fulfil the estimations only when the communist party has the situation fully under its control. In some critical moments other tools for recall had to be adopted, as it happened in the year 1969, when the political situation after the Prague Spring suppression needed to be consolidated and the will of the voters was different of the will of the conservative communist leaders. The last recalls appeared after the Velvet Revolution when democracy was re-established in Czechoslovakia. Thus, the free parliamentary mandate existed hardly in 8 years from 75 years of existence of Czechoslovakia. The last 30 years of its existence in the constitution of the Czech Republic and political practice is still quite an uncommon period in the Czechoslovak constitutional tradition.
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Giustino, Cathleen M. "Industrial Design and the Czechoslovak Pavilion at EXPO ’58: Artistic Autonomy, Party Control and Cold War Common Ground." Journal of Contemporary History 47, no. 1 (January 2012): 185–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022009411422371.

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The socialist industrial designs displayed in Czechoslovakia’s EXPO ’58 pavilion spoke a visual language understood on both sides of the Iron Curtain, making the pavilion a site of common ground between East and West. The showcase was also a point of convergence between Czechoslovak visual artists and Communist Party authorities who engaged in complex political negotiations in the years after Stalin’s death. Visual artists vied for liberation from socialist realism’s constraints, although they kept their demands within limits to avoid risking Party backlash. Communist Party leaders wanted domestic stability and saw improving the living standard as a tactic for insuring popular support. They increasingly perceived industrial design to be a visual-arts activity with special promise. Well-designed furniture, textiles, glass, ceramics and other consumer goods could generate state income useful for raising the living standard at home and earning hard currency abroad. The Party needed the designers’ cooperation to achieve efficient, attractive production within the command economy. In the Brussels showcase communist authorities compromised with visual artists helping to insure the latter’s support and success, demonstrating that culture in postwar Czechoslovakia was not merely imposed ‘from above’ by omnipotent authorities but could be the outcome of multidirectional negotiations between various competing interests.
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Voříšek, Michael. "In whose service? The 1960s’ Czechoslovak Sociologists and their Party." Comparative Sociology 10, no. 5 (2011): 781–806. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156913311x599070.

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Abstract This article examines the relationship between sociologists and the Communist Party headquarters in 1960 Czechoslovakia. It is based on the archives of the coordinating body of Czechoslovak sociology, the Scientific Board of Philosophy and Sociology at the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences. First, the article depicts the synergy between sociology and the powers: the research commissioned by the supreme Party bodies or the Party sponsorship of sociology’s institutionalization. However, instances of lacking material support to the discipline are noted as well. Second, the conflicts between social scientists and the Party headquarters are discussed: namely, the layoff of the philosopher Ivan Sviták in 1964 and the following interventions into the Institute of Philosophy. Finally, the article maps the demands for autonomy as formulated by the scholars in 1968. In concluding, it points to the fact that despite requesting independence from the Communist headquarters, the Marxist elite in the social sciences never abandoned their own claim to hegemony. They resisted both the challenge of non-Marxist scholars in 1968, and the spontaneous claims and complaints that might come from the society at large. In that respect, the sociology of the 1960s seems a perfect child of the Czechoslovak reformist movement.
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Wightman, Gordon. "The Communist Party in power: a profile of party politics in Czechoslovakia." International Affairs 64, no. 4 (1988): 702. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2626118.

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Campbell, John C., and Karel Kaplan. "The Communist Party in Power: A Profile of Party Politics in Czechoslovakia." Foreign Affairs 66, no. 4 (1988): 885. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20043539.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Communistic party of Czechoslovakia"

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McDermott, K. F. "Debates and schisms in the Czech Social Democratic and Red trade unions and their relations with the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia, 1918-1929." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.355556.

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Sauer, Radek. "Hospodářský vývoj Československa v letech 1945--1948." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-11340.

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Thesis deals with the postwar economical development in Czechoslovakia, in particular it covers the period from 1945 to 1948. At first it focuses on situation right after the end of WWII, especially on the conditions ruling in the Czechoslovak economy and on possible directions of its future economical restoration. The crucial part in this issue belonged to aid received from international organization UNNRA. The courses of UNNRA's aid as well as the supply of its goods are described in detail. Thesis then follows the political development in postwar period, it mainly concentrates on the acceptance of The Kosice Government Programme and its economical consequences in form of land and monetary reform. Special chapter is then dedicated to nationalization. After parliamentary elections in 1946 thesis focuses on two-year plan of economical restoration and its particular aspects. In relation to unsatisfactory conditions in 1947 thesis contains the reasons for rejection of Marshall Plan. Thesis ends with the February 1948economical changes and the commence of the communist era.
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Crowder, Ashby B. "Legacies of 1968: Autonomy and Repression in Ceausescu’s Romania, 1965-1989." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1186838492.

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Koubová, Jana. "Organizace I. celostátní spartakiády v Československu v roce 1955, její význam a symbolika pro komunistický režim." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-162864.

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The thesis deals with the way the organization, meaning and symbolism I. Spartakiad held in 1955 in Czechoslovakia for the communist regime. In the introduction deals with political, economic, social and cultural situation after the World War II in Czechoslovakia. Then the thesis deals with the field of physical education and sport. It deals with the process of the unification of physical education in the interests of the communist party and its effects on the arrangement I. Spartakiad. A key issue is the demonstration of abuse traditions sports in Czechoslovakia, abuse Sokol festivals in order Spartakiad in terms of their organization and eventually themselves abuse masses protruding trainees. All this also presented an example of gymnastic songs, during which trainees through movements of their bodies to express a clear link to the communist symbolism.
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Havel, Ladislav. "Oslabení nezávislosti soudnictví a vliv státní správy na soudní rozhodování v letech 1948 - 1953." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-197617.

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This thesis is focused on the performance of judicial power in Czechoslovakia in the period of 1948 -- 1953, that is characterized by almost unlimited influence of the ruling party, the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia, on the entire society. It was associated with a destruction of division of power in the state and with intentional limitations of the independence of judiciary. The aim of the work is to identify and analyse particular components of a specific mechanism that was introduced to enable to influence the judiciary decisions according to power and political interests of the Communist party of Czechoslovakia through administrative bodies, especially Ministry of Justice. For this purpose fundamental changes of the legislation, personnel and also organizational changes in the judiciary were carried out.
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Syřišťová, Adéla. "Teoretická východiska tzv. Šikovy reformy." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-76699.

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The main focus of this thesis are the economic-theoretical concepts, which in varying degrees contributed to the creation of an official government program of economic reforms in the sixties of the 20th century in Czechoslovakia. The work will mainly analyze the causes of success Šikova reform movement among economists and the Czechoslovak Communist Party leadership. The first part of the study will address the reorientation of foreign trade and economy of Czechoslovakia to the Soviet Union and its satellite countries, as well as the importance of CSR for the functioning of the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance in the fifties. Briefly mentioned is the first attempt at economic reform led by Kurt Rozsypal issues and other proposals for changes in central planning. The crucial part of this work will be devoted to the theoretical designs and directions, which created the preconditions for the implementation of specific economic reforms in the sixties. The treatment of the topic study should answer the questions: What were the other economic programs and their leaders? These protagonists could significantly affect the program or not?
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Williams, Rosemary Caroline. "The politics of opposition in a one-party state : the case of Czechoslovakia 1977-1988." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1993. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1306/.

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In conditions of normalization, political and economic stagnation and popular apathy, the Czechoslovak opposition placed its emphasis on the ostensibly 'non-oppositional' demand for human rights and legality, coupled with the development of an independent political and cultural life. The first section of this thesis presents a study of the Charter 77 movement, which for the first time united people of disparate political viewpoints behind the non-ideological demand for human rights. This demand, which is seen to be a fundamental challenge to the regime, was coupled with a new concept of politics which emphasized the 'moral foundation of all things political', and called for a moral revival or 'revolution' from below. Chartist thinking also centred on the development of independent civil initiatives and the creation of a 'parallel polis'. It emphasized the individual citizen, and sought to transform the relationship between the citizen and the state. The second section examines the spectrum of viewpoints expressed in the parallel political life in Czechoslovakia, from Marxist to conservative. Despite the reduced emphasis on ideological labels in the late '70's and '80's, basic ideological differences remained, reflecting the traditional plurality of Czechoslovak political life. The third section examines the oppositions' concern with international problems and solutions. The Czechoslovak opposition in the 1980's abandoned the idea of seeking separate national solutions, and instead argued that change in the geo-political status quo in Europe was the necessary pre-requisite for any significant internal improvements. It sought the democratic transfomiation of the Eastern bloc and European reunification. This thesis charts the increasing politicization of the Czechoslovak opposition in the late 1980's, from 'anti-politics' to the enunciation of more directly political goals, and culminating in the 'rehabilitation' of politics in the pre-revolutionary period.
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Bouska, Katelyn. "UNDER THE PARTY FAÇADE: MILOSLAV IŠTVAN AND THE INNOVATIONS OF THE BRNO SCHOOL IN THE CZECHOSLOVAK SOCIALIST REPUBLIC." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2016. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/369550.

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Music Performance
D.M.A.
The innovative compositions of Miloslav Ištvan (1928-1990) and his influential theoretical writings contributed to the creation of the modern composition school in Brno, capitol of Moravia in the present Czech Republic. Through the vehicle of his three piano sonatas (unpublished, but composed in 1954, 1959, and 1979), this monograph places Ištvan and his music against the political background of ideological repression in the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic. The unique blend of Moravian folk music and fierce pride in Czech culture are clearly evident throughout Ištvan’s compositional oeuvre and specifically in his piano music. In particular, his sheer creativity and courage to create his own voice under severe artistic deprivation combine to create a body of work that remains one of the most prominent influences in the present-day compositional scene in Brno. Each of the six chronological sections in this monograph employs a single year as a frame of reference. These years were selected both for their political significance and to represent an important event in Ištvan’s personal or musical life. In addition to the biographical details, political context and analysis of the piano sonatas, other significant compositions and contemporary writings are considered to trace the developmental thread of Moravian music. Ištvan’s search for artistic expression brings the lineage of his direct predecessor, Brno compositional giant Leoš Janáček, into the avant-garde New Music movement of the 1960s. Ištvan’s further work as a composition professor and writer of theoretical texts in the 1970s and 80s continues to influence the current generation of composers in the Czech Republic. This monograph calls attention to a composer and his rich body of work, created during politically turbulent times, that remains virtually unknown outside his country of origin.
Temple University--Theses
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Adamcová, Marie. "Vznik a vývoj Komunistické strany Československa ve 20. letech 20. století." Master's thesis, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-397995.

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The thesis deals with the emergence of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia and its development in the 1920s. The first part is devoted to the historical roots of the socialist movement in Austria-Hungary and the Czech lands and maps the birth of the Communist Party from the left wing of the Czechoslovak Social Democratic Workers' Party. Furthermore, the thesis focuses on the policy and internal development of the Communist Party in the 1920s in connection with its relationship to the Communist International. It also describes the most important events that influenced the party, individual congresses of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia, their conclusions and in the context there is explained the strategic-tactical direction of the party. The thesis also monitors the development of communist agitation before the parliamentary elections of 1925 and 1929 and the results of these elections. The work uses specialized literature, protocols of individual congresses of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia and articles from the period press. KEYWORDS Czechoslovakia, political party, communism, the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia, bolshevization
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Lehnert, Jiří. "Krajský výbor KSČ Brno pod vedením Otto Šlinga." Master's thesis, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-410844.

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This thesis deals with the regional functioning of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia at the regional level in the first years after the end of the Second World War, specifically the Regional Committee of the Communist Party in Brno, which at that time was headed by the regional secretary Otto Šling. He was arrested in October 1950 as an enemy of the party and the state. He then became the key figure in the political process with Rudolf Slánský, the Communist Party's general secretary. Otto Šling was a former interbrigadist in the civil war in Spain in the period from 1936 to 1939. During the Second World War, this communist politician of Jewish descent participated in the Czechoslovak anti-nazi resistance movement in the Great Britain. These facts certainly contributed to his arrest in 1950 and his later condemnation and execution in 1952. Otto Šling was one of the first senior officials of the Communist Party to be a target of the policy of seeking "class enemies" in the Communist movement in Czechoslovakia. The inhuman brutal investigation of his person led to the prosecution of the second man in the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia, Rudolf Slánský. However, this work is primarily focused on Šling's activities in the Brno branch of the Communist Party between 1945 and 1950 in connection with his...
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Books on the topic "Communistic party of Czechoslovakia"

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The Communist Party in power: A profile of party politics in Czechoslovakia. Boulder, Colo: Westview Press, 1987.

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Communist Party of Czechoslovakia. Congress. Political report of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia to the 17th Congress of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia. [s.l.]: [s.n.], 1986.

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Radical socialism in Czechoslovakia: Bohumír Šmeral, the Czech road to socialism and the origins of the Czechoslovak Communist Party, 1917-1921. Boulder: East European Monographs, 1986.

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Sjezd, Komunistická strana Československá. 17th Congress of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia, Prague, 24-28 March 1986. Prague: Orbis, 1986.

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Sjezd, Komunistická strana Československa. 17th Congress of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia, Prague, 24-28 March, 1986. Prague: Orbis Press Agency, 1986.

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The Czech Red Unions, 1918-1929: A study of their relations with the Communist Party and the Moscow Internationals. Boulder [Colo.]: East European Monographs, 1988.

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Slánská, Josefa. Zpráva o mém muži. Praha: Nakl. Svoboda, 1990.

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Falber, Reuben. The 1968 Czechoslovak crisis: Insidethe British Communist Party. London: Socialist History Society, 1996.

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Bracke, Maud. Which socialism, whose détente?: West European communism and the Czechoslovak crisis, 1968. Budapest: Central European University Press, 2006.

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Bracke, Maud. Which socialism? whose détente?: West European communism and the Czechoslovak crisis, 1968. New York: Central European University Press, 2007.

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Book chapters on the topic "Communistic party of Czechoslovakia"

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Zumr, Josef. "O sjezdu, který byl a nebyl." In Filosofie jako životní cesta, 171–75. Brno: Masaryk University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p210-9458-2019-12.

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The contribution focuses on changes that took place at the Institute of Philosophy of the Czech Academy of Sciences in 1968. Besides the replacement of the institute management, it was primarily the participation of the academics in the preparation of the documents for the 14th Congress of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia and its new political orientation.
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McDermott, Kevin, and Klára Pinerová. "The Rehabilitation Process in Czechoslovakia: Party and Popular Responses." In De-Stalinising Eastern Europe, 109–31. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137368928_6.

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Hahn, Fred. "The German Social Democratic Party of Czechoslovakia, 1918–1926." In The Czech and Slovak Experience, 203–17. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-22241-4_12.

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Kotyzova, Michaela. "Charter 08 and Charta 77: East European Past as China's Future?" In Liu Xiaobo, Charter 08 and the Challenges of Political Reform in China. Hong Kong University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.5790/hongkong/9789888139064.003.0009.

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This chapter offers a comparison between Charter 08 and Charta 77, the manifesto written by Czechoslovak dissidents, mainly Vàclav Havel and Jan Patocka, to demand the respect of human rights by the Communist Party in Czechoslovakia. The two charters are similar in their content, both invoking international human rights norms and both attempting to function largely within the existing legal framework. Another related similarity between the two lies in the fact that their objectives are not so much to subvert the regimes as to provide a support structure when the regimes fall. However, despite their similarities, both exist in drastically different political and economic contexts. China in 2008 was different from Czechoslovakia in 1977 in terms of the politics, economy, and soft power that the respective communist parties may have, and those differences affect the impact of the respective charters in society.
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Casal Bértoa, Fernando, and Zsolt Enyedi. "Introduction." In Party System Closure, 1–7. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198823605.003.0001.

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On New Year’s Day 1993 Czechoslovakia was dissolved, giving place to two new European countries, Czechia and Slovakia. Czechs and Slovaks lived under Habsburg rule for centuries, then, between 1918 and 1938 and between 1945 and 1993, under a common state. Their coexistence, their shared culture and their common experience of Communism provided them with a similar background for the development of democratic party politics. Their new political institutions (parliamentarism, proportional electoral system, etc.) and their membership in the European Union (EU) after 2004 enhanced the forces of convergence. Yet, in the mid-2000s the Czechs were considered to have one of the most stable party systems in post-Communist Europe, while the Slovaks had a rather chaotic party landscape....
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Breslauer, George W. "The Creation of East European Communist States." In The Rise and Demise of World Communism, 101–12. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197579671.003.0016.

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Soviet occupation of much of Eastern Europe at the conclusion of World War II facilitated Moscow’s imposition of communist regimes in five countries. In Yugoslavia and Albania, by contrast, communist regimes came to power largely on their own, and remained autonomous of Red Army control. In Czechoslovakia, an urban coup brought the communist party to power largely indigenously, but in the shadow of Soviet power. And in Austria and Greece, communist parties did not succeed in coming to power, and Stalin largely conceded that they would not.
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Klinger, William, and Denis Kuljiš. "Oberkrainer Communism." In Tito's Secret Empire, 51–56. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197572429.003.0008.

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This chapter discusses the Sixth Congress, Comintern, which was run by Soviet bigwigs and a few representative party leaders from the West that sat as its steering Political Secretariat. It highlights the Balkan Bureau that was headed by Bohumír Šmeral, one of the founders of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia. It also mentions British science-fiction writer H. G. Wells, a socialist and communist sympathizer, who visited Moscow in the early 1920s as a guest of Vladimir Lenin and realized that even the highest-ranking officials' clothes were falling apart. The chapter recounts how tried to loosen up the revolutionary course by introducing the NEP, which was supposed to stimulate small farms on private plots to produce basic market supply. It demonstrates how the advance of fascism pushed more parties underground, leading them to become utterly dependent on organizational and material assistance from abroad.
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Knox, W. W. J., and A. McKinlay. "Transitions." In Jimmy Reid, 139–58. Liverpool University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781789620832.003.0006.

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Chapter five focusses mainly on two events: the rectorial campaign of 1971 and the general election of 1974. Because of his leadership of the UCS work-in, Reid became the poster boy of the CPGB, the human face of British communism. He was probably the only communist that most people in Britain had ever heard of. Recognition came with his installation as Rector of Glasgow University in late 1971. As part of the process the Rector gave an Address. Reid chose the subject of alienation and his speech not only electrified the audience but reverberated round the world. Although publicly popular doubts were beginning to surface regarding his membership of the CPGB. The Soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia in 1968 played a part but a much more important event we argue was the general election of 1974. Reid stood as candidate for Central Dunbartonshire which had at its heart Clydebank – the centre of shipbuilding in Scotland. Although considered a shoo-in by the press Reid was defeated by the Labour candidate in the first and the second elections of 1974. He was the victim of a largely sectarian campaign run by the Labour party, but it was clear that he would never be elected as a communist. We now are reaching the moment of the unmaking of a communist.
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9

Dimond, Mark. "The Sokol and Czech Nationalism, 1918–1948." In Czechoslovakia in a Nationalist and Fascist Europe, 1918–1948. British Academy, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.5871/bacad/9780197263914.003.0011.

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Jan Masaryk, the foreign minister of Czechoslovakia and son of the country's first president, pointed out just before his death in March 1948 that the gymnastics festival organised by the Sokol gymnastic movement was an opportunity for Czechoslovakia to show off its post-war socialist reforms that had ‘aroused considerable global interest’. The Sokol was not only a gymnastics organization; it was also an outlet for the expression of Czech national identity. Judging by Masaryk's comments, the Sokol appeared to be supportive of the Czech Weltanschauung of socialism that had emerged after the Red Army had liberated Czechoslovakia from Nazi rule in May 1945. This chapter argues that the Sokol had a split personality, one part based on socialist-thinking Jindřich Fügner's concept, the other on that of the nationalist-minded MiroslavTyrš. In addition to its pursuit of ethnic nationalism, this chapter examines the Sokol's ethnic policy, relationship with Slovakia, and support of the Communists.
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10

"Turning against Hungary – Turning against Czechoslovakia." In The Making of the Slovak People’s Party. Bloomsbury Academic, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781350109407.0011.

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