Relevant bibliographies by topics / Communitarian feminism

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  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters

Academic literature on the topic 'Communitarian feminism'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 5 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Communitarian feminism"

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Barbosa, Lia Pinheiro. "Lajan lajan ’ayatik or “Walking in Complementary Pairs” in the Zapatista Women’s Struggle." Latin American Perspectives 48, no. 5 (May 14, 2021): 4–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0094582x211012645.

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The women’s struggle as articulated by women of the Zapatista movement in their Women’s Revolutionary Law is an insurgent, revolutionary, rebel, and autonomous feminism—a feminism in dialogue with popular feminisms in Latin America such as peasant and popular feminism and communitarian feminism. La lucha articulada por las mujeres del movimiento zapatista en su Ley Revolucionaria de la Mujer constituye un feminismo insurgente, revolucionario, rebelde y autónomo. Es también un feminismo en diálogo con otros feminismos populares en América Latina, tales como el feminismo campesino y popular y el feminismo comunitario.
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Lacey, Nicola, and Elizabeth Frazer. "Communitarianism." Politics 14, no. 2 (September 1994): 75–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9256.1994.tb00120.x.

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This article presents ‘Communitarianism’ in political theory as a ‘Blind Alley’. This is on the grounds that it is difficult to find a political theorist who is willing to be called a communitarian, because the literature lacks any well delineated concept of community, and because a number of awkward theoretical questions, notably about power, arise which are not clearly addressed within the literature. Furthermore, communitarianism has been a blind alley for feminists. Although feminism and so-called communitarianism share an opposition to some other varieties of social and political theory, the apparent affinities between feminism and communitarianism mask significant differences.
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Réaume, Denise G. "What's Distinctive about Feminist Analysis of Law?: A Conceptual Analysis of Women's Exclusion from Law." Legal Theory 2, no. 4 (December 1996): 265–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1352325200000549.

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What is distinctive about a feminist analysis of law? Conversely, what does it mean to characterize the law (or a law) as distinctively “male” as a way of criticizing its injustice? It is widely assumed by both feminist scholars and nonfeminists or curious onlookers that a feminist analysis of law must have distinctive features that set it off from mainstream/“malestream” theories of law. Feminist scholars often try to “sell” feminist analysis to interested newcomers and try to break down the recalcitrance of those who seem to want to marginalize and dismiss it precisely by claiming a difference of perspective for feminist analysis of which no well-educated lawyer or legal commentator can afford to be ignorant. Meanwhile, feminist claims are also challenged by those who think they can reach the same conclusion on independent grounds for therefore not being distinctively feminist; “What makes that particularly feminist?” the communitarian, for example, will ask, faced with an argument that feminism is critical of the individualistic bias of the legal system.
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Hekman, Susan. "The Embodiment of the Subject: Feminism and the Communitarian Critique of Liberalism." Journal of Politics 54, no. 4 (November 1992): 1098–119. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2132110.

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Paredes, Julieta. "Plan de las Mujeres: marco conceptual y metodología para el Buen Vivir." Bolivian Studies Journal/Revista de Estudios Bolivianos 15 (January 15, 2011): 191–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/bsj.2010.9.

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This article analyzes the impact that neoliberal policies have on women and sets out the epistemological fracture that communitarian feminism produces in Western feminism. We discuss the circumstances in which, for the first time in the history of Bolivian public policies for women, a Plan de las Mujeres emerges from within women’s social organizations. This article also offers the conceptual frame that guides such a Plan, which relies on five categories or fields of direct action that help us in defending ourselves from a market that has put our very lives on sale. These categories are our bodies, our space, our time, our memory, and the movements that we are able to articulate.Este trabajo analiza el impacto de las políticas neoliberales en la vida de las mujeres y expone el rompimiento epistemológico que el feminismo comunitario produce en el feminismo occidental. Se discuten las circunstancias en las que, por primera vez en la historia de las políticas públicas para las mujeres en Bolivia, surge un Plan desde la base y las experiencias de las organizaciones sociales de mujeres. El trabajo presenta el marco conceptual que orienta este Plan de las Mujeres y que descansa en cinco categorías o campos de acción directa que nos ayudan a defendernos de un mercado que puso en venta nuestras propias vidas. Estas categorías son: nuestros cuerpos, nuestro espacio, nuestro tiempo, nuestra memoria y los movimientos que articulamos.
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Weir, Allison. "Feminism and the Islamic Revival: Freedom as a Practice of Belonging." Hypatia 28, no. 2 (2013): 323–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/hypa.12012.

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In her book, Politics of Piety: The Islamic Revival and the Feminist Subject, Saba Mahmood analyzes the practices of the women in the mosque movement in Cairo, Egypt. Mahmood argues that in order to recognize the participants as agents, we need to question the assumption that agency entails resistance to norms; moreover, we need to question the feminist allegiance to an unquestioned ideal of freedom. In this paper, I argue that rather than giving up the ideal of freedom, we can explore the possibility that there are different conceptions of freedom, and that the agency of the women in the mosque movement can be understood through a conception of freedom as a practice of connection, or belonging. I develop this alternative paradigm through discussions of four conceptions of freedom: Foucault's theory of agency as self‐creation, positive freedom, communitarian freedom, and freedom as resistance.
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Dutra, Delia, and Lourdes Maria Bandeira. "Estudos de Gênero na América Latina: dinâmicas epistêmicas e emancipações plurais." Revista de Estudos e Pesquisas sobre as Américas 9, no. 2 (December 22, 2015): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.21057/repam.v9i2.17267.

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O presente artigo busca apontar algumas singularidades do debate contemporâneo sobre os Estudos de Gênero na América Latina, sempre reconhecendo a interdependência desses com aqueles que acontecem em outras regiões do mundo. Partimos do entendimento de que os estudos de gênero de forma geral foram e continuam sendo pautados por uma agenda de ação política que luta pelos direitos humanos daqueles grupos que historicamente foram marginalizados dos processos de tomadas de decisões e dos espaços institucionalizados de produção científica. Reconhecer parte das especificidades dos debates sobre a questão gênero na região permite entender quais as contribuições que aportam para o estudo e compreensão das problemáticas próprias a esses países. Identificamos pontos de (des)encontros entre correntes de pensamento feminista provenientes do denominado mundo ocidental, incluído nisso também pesquisadoras do Brasil e países da região, e a proposta de deslocamento político-epistêmico levada adiante por pensadoras feministas comunitárias indígenas. Instâncias que desafiam a troca de saberes entre cosmovisões diversas que permitem interpretações plurais da sociedade. Concluímos apresentando de forma sucinta os textos que conformam a sessão temática sobre o debate contemporâneo nos Estudos de Gênero na América Latina.Palavra-chave: Estudos de Gênero, América Latina, feminismo comunitário***Abstract: The objective of this article is to point out singularities of the contemporary debate about Gender Studies in Latin America, recognizing always their interdependence with those in other regions of the world. Our point of departure is the understanding of Gender Studies as ones that were and continue to be determined by an agenda of political action that fights for the human rights of groups historically margined of the decision making processes and of institutionalized spaces of scientific production. Recognizing particularities of the gender debates in the region allows us to show the main contributions for the study and comprehension of dilemmas characteristic to these countries. We have identified points of contention in between currents of western feminist thought, including researchers from Brazil and other countries of the region, and of the proposal of political-epistemic displacement carried on by communitarian indigenous feminist thinkers. These instances defy the exchange of knowledge between diverse cosmovisions that allow plural interpretations of society. We conclude by summarizing the texts that shape the thematic areas of the contemporary debate of Gender Studies in Latin America.Keywords: Gender Studies, Latin America, communitarian feminism.***Resumen: Este artículo tiene por objetivo señalar algunas singularidades del debate contemporáneo sobre los Estudios de Género en América Latina, siempre reconociendo la interdependencia de estos con aquellos que suceden en otras regiones del mundo. Partimos de la comprensión que los estudios de género de forma general fueron y continúan siendo pautados por una agenda de acción política que lucha por los derechos humanos de aquellos grupos que históricamente fueron marginados de los procesos de toma de decisiones y de los espacios institucionalizados de producción científica. Reconocer parte de las especificidades de los debates de género en la región permite entender cuáles son las contribuciones que estos aportan para el estudio y comprensión de los problemas propios a estos países. Identificamos puntos de (des)encuentros entre corrientes de pensamiento feministas provenientes del denominado mundo occidental, incluyendo en esto también a investigadoras de Brasil y países de la región, y la propuesta de cambio de horizonte político-epistémico llevada adelante por pensadoras feministas comunitarias indígenas. Instancias que desafían el intercambio de saberes entre cosmovisiones diversas que permiten interpretaciones plurales de la sociedad. Concluimos presentando de forma sucinta los textos que integran la sesión temática sobre el debate contemporáneo en los Estudios de Género.Palabras-clave: Estudios de Género, América Latina, feminismo comunitario.
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Sen, Shoma. "The village and the city: Dalit feminism in the autobiographies of Baby Kamble and Urmila Pawar." Journal of Commonwealth Literature 54, no. 1 (July 21, 2017): 38–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021989417720251.

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As a reaction against mainstream Indian feminism that tended to ignore the problems of caste, Dalit women and those who advocate their cause have been making a valid case for Dalit feminism. This standpoint acknowledges both the patriarchal oppression from outside the caste as well as within it. Both Baby Kamble and Urmila Pawar have been activists as well as writers, whose autobiographies and creative works are vivid elaborations of the same. Showing how Dalit autobiographies have broken the conventional notions of autobiography coming out of the post-industrial revolution West by locating the individual firmly within the community, Sharmila Rege has pointed out that the Dalit women’s “testimonios” are also their protest against a “communitarian control on the self” (Rege, 2008). Baby Kamble’s autobiography brings out the blatant caste exploitation and violence against women in pre-Ambedkar rural Maharashtra, while Pawar’s begins with the village but focuses more on subtler urban forms of oppression. The latter text reflects on the story of postcolonial India’s development as, even in an urban milieu, caste and gender only change forms of oppression. Both authors’ lives make interesting studies for Dalit gynocritics. Kamble seems to completely submerge the self in the community, living as she does in a feudal patriarchal milieu in the countryside. Writing from a generation later that has felt the impact of urban modernity and feminism, Pawar brings out the self in a bolder way, inviting criticism from established Dalit writers like Sharan Kumar Limbale and others. In a broader sense, both autobiographies are significant as women’s writing and as contemporary Indian literature.
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McNay, L. "Communitarians and Feminists: The Case of Narrative Identity." Literature and Theology 16, no. 1 (March 1, 2002): 81–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/litthe/16.1.81.

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Den Uyl, Douglas J. "Response to “On Communitarian and Global Sources of Legitimacy”." Review of Politics 73, no. 1 (2011): 135–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0034670510000914.

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Martha Nussbaum, in a reaction to the cultural relativism that pervades much of social science, made the following comment:Highly intelligent people, people deeply committed to the good of women and men in developing countries, people who think of themselves as progressive and feminist and antiracist, are taking up positions that converge … with the positions of reaction, oppression, and sexism. Under the banner of their radical and politically correct “antiessentialism” march ancient religious taboos, the luxury of the pampered husband, ill health, ignorance, and death. (And in my own essentialist way, I say it at the outset. I do hold that death is opposed to life in the most binary way imaginable, and slavery to freedom, and hunger to adequate nutrition, and ignorance to knowledge.)
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Communitarian feminism"

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Manson, Katherine Elizabeth. "Comparing and contrasting liberal, communitarian and feminist approaches to resolving tensions between customary and constitutional law: the case of polygamy in Swaziland." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003011.

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Tensions between the individual rights and freedoms found in constitutional bills of rights and the traditionally prescribed social roles and positions articulated in African customary law systems have often been characterised as tensions between communitarian and liberal philosophies. In particular, the notion of gender equality, which is often a feature of the protections offered by constitutional bills of rights, is seen to be in direct opposition to the overtly patriarchal character of many African customs and traditions. This thesis looks specifically at polygamy, long and widely considered in the West to be an oppressive practice premised on the assumed inferiority of women. The analysis considers the implications of polygamy in a particular cultural context, that of the Kingdom of Swaziland, where the newly instituted constitution is often seen to be incompatible with many aspects of Swazi customary law. Here, the tension between the constitutional commitment to gender equality and the persistence of polygamy as a seemingly discriminatory cultural practice forms a lens through which to view the debate as a whole. The theoretical analysis is supplemented by empirical research sourced from local media archives and in-depth interviews conducted with twelve Swazi women, both unmarried and married in polygamous relationships. Communitarian and liberal approaches to resolving this tension are compared, contrasted and finally critiqued from a feminist standpoint. The feminist critique of both communitarianism and liberalism implies that neither ideology promises much for women and affirms the relatively recent feminist suggestion that the key to resolving tensions between constitutional and customary law in general, and to uplifting the social/legal status of women in particular lies in the enhancement of women’s democratic participation and the improvement of women’s decision-making powers.
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"Siguiendo Las Huellas De La Chola En Bolivia: Levantamiento De Una Cartografía Cultural Alteña." Doctoral diss., 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.53478.

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abstract: The surge of the chola alteña in Bolivia as a woman who, after being historically discriminated, has achieved her empowerment through her practices of resistance and agency is a very particular and new phenomenon hardly studied. The contribution of this research is in principle to describe and discover the complexity of this occurrence, but at the same time to open a field of understanding the works of the chola as a preliminary input for alternative feminisms, in accordance to the particularity of each context. As a result, an eclectic perspective from different non-canonical theories stemming from the Americas has been adopted. For example, intersectionality stemming from various social, cultural, racial, and gender contexts is addressed by Kimberlé Crenshaw, Dora Inés Munévar, Ann Phoenix, Breny Mendoza y Sonia Montecinos. Research from Aníbal Quijano, Walter Mignolo and María Lugones proposes the decolonization of knowledge. From a Bolivian perspective, the proposal of communitarian feminism by Julieta Paredes and the chi’xi approach by Silvia Rivera Cusicanqui. At the same time, the documenting of the chola practices has been obtained from non-conventional digital and oral sources. Thus, this research becomes a referent for future feminist research about the chola, but also for understanding other movements and practices of subaltern and discriminated women in similar or different contexts. The chola is characterized by her peculiar garment which was imposed by the colonizer in the XVIII century, nullifying her indigenous identity. However, this woman has continued to wear it to the present day as much as a tactic of resistance as of empowerment and agency and has transformed it into a current fashion for the valorization of her identity. She is a chi’xi subject who complements or antagonizes opposites without subsuming them. Finally, what guides her practices and strategies are her native cultural values, such as the principle of Living Well, cooperation, reciprocity, and godfatherhood. .
Dissertation/Thesis
Doctoral Dissertation Spanish 2019
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Manson, Katherine Elizabeth. "Comparing and contrasting liberal, communitarian and feminist approaches to resolving tensions between customary and constitutional law : the case of polygamy in Swaziland /." 2008. http://eprints.ru.ac.za/1659/.

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King, Judith Ann. "An Afro-European communitarian ethic as a model for a private sector response to HIV/AIDS, with special reference to the King II Report on Corporate Governance for South Africa." Thesis, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/1691.

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This thesis formulates and argues for a composite conceptual framework of ethics for strategic and sustainable corporate benevolence as a means of addressing HIV/AIDS in South Africa. The template consists of the following theoretical elements: modern virtue ethics, contemporary Western communitarian ethics, the African philosophy of Ubuntu and a feminist ethic of care. This template is applied to relevant pragmatic ends through the proposition that the King I I Report - as it explicitly advocates a universally communitarian and essentially African code of ethics for a business response to HIV/AIDS - offers a viable and valuable model to both understand and transcend the tensions between profits and caring in the post-apartheid era of the South African experience of the pandemic. Specific features of the thesis include contextual perspectives on the ethical variances of HIV/AIDS stigma and behaviour change, cached as the thought-form of " I and We" as opposed to "Us and Them", and the psycho-social linguistics of re-interpreting "the wounded other" as "the wounded us". This is drawn together conceptually in discussion around the individual in and of, rather than as opposed to, the community, stressing how the impact of the HIV/AIDS pandemic is compelling our society to integrate this reverence into our disposition and conduct. In the spirit of this Afro-European communitarian ethic, and to apply this postulated theory for a concrete social morality in the wake of HIV/AIDS, the thesis argues that there is an ethical role for businesses in restoring the balance between nurturing and selfinterest - an equilibrium that is essential for both human expression and human survival. This involves underscoring the elderly and young women, as well as children, who head households and care for orphans of AIDS in circumstances of great vulnerability, (particularly the nation-wide body of informally organised volunteer home-based caregivers), as target beneficiaries for a gravely urgent and massive empowerment effort by the business sector.
Thesis (M.A.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2005.
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Books on the topic "Communitarian feminism"

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Nicola, Lacey, ed. The politics of community: A feminist critique of the liberal-communitarian debate. New York: Harvester Wheatsheaf, 1993.

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Nicola, Lacey, ed. The politics of community: A feminist critique of the liberal-communitarian debate. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1993.

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Shadle, Matthew A. Catholic Social Thought in an Age of Austerity. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190660130.003.0016.

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This chapter looks at recent Catholic social thought in the United States in the age of globalization and after the financial crisis of 2007–08, drawn from four schools of thought: progressive, neoconservative, liberationist, and communitarian. As an exponent of progressive Catholicism, Meghan J. Clark has promoted an interpretation of Catholic social teaching focused on human rights and solidarity, whereas Samuel Gregg has furthered the neoconservative perspective by promoting free markets and commerce. Illustrating the varieties of liberation theology in the United States, Christine Firer Hinze has reflected on economic life from a feminist perspective, while Mária Teresa Dávila draws on Latino/a theology. William T. Cavanaugh has offered a communitarian critique of globalization. The chapter concludes with a proposal for an organicist communitarian vision of economic life, guided by a theology of interruption rooted in the proclamation of the Gospel and open to dialogue with others.
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Bell, Daniel A. East Asia and the West: The Impact of Confucianism on Anglo‐American Political Theory. Edited by John S. Dryzek, Bonnie Honig, and Anne Phillips. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199548439.003.0014.

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This article explores the influence of Confucianism on Anglo-American political theory. It describes two recent developments in contemporary Anglo-American political theory which have allowed for substantial engagement with Confucian political theory and may set the stage for further interest in East Asian political theory more generally. One is the communitarian critique of liberal universalism and the other is the feminist emphasis on the politics of the family. This article discusses East Asian contributions to the debate on universalism versus particularism and to the debate on family and justice.
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Making Meaning of Community in an American High School: A Feminist-Pragmatist Critique of the Liberal-Communitarian Debates (Understanding Education and Policy). Hampton Pr, 1999.

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Abowitz, Kathleen Knight. Making Meaning of Community in an American High School: A Feminist-Pragmatist Critique of the Liberal-Communitarian Debates (Understanding Education and Policy). Hampton Pr, 1999.

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Book chapters on the topic "Communitarian feminism"

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McNay, Lois. "Communitarians and Feminists – the Case of Narrative Identity." In Handbuch Kommunitarismus, 627–39. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-16859-9_41.

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McNay, Lois. "Communitarians and Feminists – the Case of Narrative Identity." In Handbuch Kommunitarismus, 1–14. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-16864-3_41-1.

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Townshen, Jules. "Retrieving Democracy (2): Communitarian, Marxist and Feminist Critics." In C. B. Macpherson and the Problem of Liberal Democracy, 136–56. Edinburgh University Press, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781853312137.003.0005.

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Erskine, Toni. "Remapping the Community: Feminist Ethics and the Challenge to ‘Communities of Place’." In Embedded Cosmopolitanism. British Academy, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.5871/bacad/9780197264379.003.0006.

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This chapter discusses an outline of the shared ground between communitarian political thought and one branch of feminist ethics. These claim to reject abstraction and impartiality in ethical reasoning. The central argument is that this antagonism yields very useful insights for normative IR theory.
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"4. Mujeres Creando Comunidad: Communitarian Feminisms from the Bolivian Soil." In Beyond Human, 110–34. Rutgers University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.36019/9781684480715-007.

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Herring, Jonathan. "1. Ethics and Medical Law." In Medical Law and Ethics. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198810605.003.0001.

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This chapter discusses various aspects of ethics and medical law. It begins with a definition of medical law. It then covers the nature of illness, the scope of medicine, the sociological impact of being ill, UK health statistics, and general ethical principles. This is followed by discussions of the notion of rights; patients’ obligations; principlism; hermeneutics; casuistry; feminist medical ethics; care ethics; virtue ethics; and communitarian ethics. It also explains the role of theology, relativism, and pragmatism in medical ethics. The chapter also explores the links between ethics and law. It cannot be assumed that because something is unethical it must be unlawful, nor that everything unlawful is necessarily unethical.
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Herring, Jonathan. "1. Ethics and Medical Law." In Medical Law and Ethics, 1–46. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198846956.003.0001.

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This chapter discusses various aspects of ethics and medical law. It begins with a definition of medical law. It then covers the nature of illness, the scope of medicine, the sociological impact of being ill, UK health statistics, and general ethical principles. This is followed by discussions of the notion of rights; patients’ obligations; principlism; hermeneutics; casuistry; feminist medical ethics; care ethics; virtue ethics; and communitarian ethics. It also explains the role of theology, relativism, and pragmatism in medical ethics. The chapter also explores the links between ethics and law. It cannot be assumed that because something is unethical it must be unlawful, nor that everything unlawful is necessarily unethical.
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Hiskes, Richard P. "A Legacy of Child Exclusion." In Suffer the Children, 5–28. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197565988.003.0002.

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Chapter 1 begins with an overview of the historical argument for human rights, starting in the seventeenth century, that stresses human reason and autonomy as the foundation of rights for “abstract adults,” especially in the theories of Locke and Kant. These liberal approaches denied children rights on the grounds that they did not meet the criteria for rights. In contrast, this chapter presents a relational approach to rights based on shared human vulnerability and dependency. Those aspects stress the social, not individualist, nature of rights, as envisioned by Marx, feminists, and communitarian thinkers. The new approach makes inclusion of children’s human rights possible.
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Periyan, Natasha. "Pacifism, Fascism and the Crisis of Civilization." In British Women's Writing, 1930 to 1960, 37–52. Liverpool University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781789621822.003.0003.

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Natasha Periyan examines the early 1930s’ novels of Nancy Mitford, Storm Jameson (and Jameson’s edited collection Challenge to Death) alongside Vera Brittain’s Testament of Youth and material from their letters, articles and archives to demonstrate how, through a feminist critique of masculinist, heroic militaristic traditions, these writers also explore the relative appeal of pacifism and fascism. Jameson and Brittain call for the sustained application of the intellect in the ‘war against war’, while Mitford dissects the powerful unifying appeal of fascism as a spectacle and a response to perceived political inertia. Where Jameson’s work reflects the disillusionment of the age, Brittain demands a rational, logical pacifism lamenting the tragic naivety of the ‘lost generation,’ while Mitford’s satire on fascist rhetoric reveals its communitarian ethos. The decline of the British Empire also resulted in the post-war migration of British writers to London, the literary and cultural capital of the empire.
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Jones, David Martin. "Post-Cold War International Political Theory." In History's Fools, 29–58. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197510612.003.0003.

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The way the Cold War ended and the triumph of market capitalism constituted the global, economic preconditions and the liberal democratic premises for abstract speculation about how the evolving world order ought to be governed. Release from the ideological straightjacket of the Cold War stimulated interest in social justice, emancipation, human security, human rights and international law. Ethics and culture replaced economics and historical materialism as subjects of academic inquiry. Human rights and social justice had been cards of low value in the Cold War ideological pack. Now, global values and shared norms trumped everything. The return of Grand Theory in a progressive guise saw otherwise obscure philosophical speculation concerning social justice and communicative reason form the basis for progressive theories of a communitarian, feminist and cosmopolitan character devoted to the ethical transformation of a global society. Political thought, once concerned with liberty and equality within the democratic state, now assumed a radical, emancipatory international dimension. It came to dominate the thought and practice of the western campus as well as form the tacit ideological dimension informing a new progressive, post political and post historicist third way.
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