Relevant bibliographies by topics / Communities assembly

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Communities assembly'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 4 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Communities assembly"

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Woodcock, Stephen, Christopher J. Van Der Gast, Thomas Bell, et al. "Neutral assembly of bacterial communities." FEMS Microbiology Ecology 62, no. 2 (2007): 171–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6941.2007.00379.x.

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Booth, Barbara D., and Clarence J. Swanton. "Assembly theory applied to weed communities." Weed Science 50, no. 1 (2002): 2–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/0043-1745(2002)050[0002:aiatat]2.0.co;2.

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Besemer, Katharina, Hannes Peter, Jürg B. Logue, et al. "Unraveling assembly of stream biofilm communities." ISME Journal 6, no. 8 (2012): 1459–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ismej.2011.205.

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Contractor, Noshir. "Some assembly required: leveraging Web science to understand and enable team assembly." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 371, no. 1987 (2013): 20120385. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2012.0385.

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Recent advances on the Web have generated unprecedented opportunities for individuals around the world to assemble into teams. And yet, because of the Web, the nature of teams and how they are assembled has changed radically. Today, many teams are ad hoc, agile, distributed, transient entities that are assembled from a larger primordial network of relationships within virtual communities. These assemblages possess the potential to unleash the high levels of creativity and innovation necessary for productively addressing many of the daunting challenges confronting contemporary society. This article argues that Web science is particularly well suited to help us realize this potential by making a substantial interdisciplinary intellectual investment in (i) advancing theories that explain our socio-technical motivations to form teams, (ii) the development of new analytic methods and models to untangle the unique influences of these motivations on team assembly, (iii) harvesting, curating and leveraging the digital trace data offered by the Web to test our models, and (iv) implementing recommender systems that use insights gleaned from our richer theoretical understanding of the motivations that lead to effective team assembly.
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Coyte, Katharine Z., Chitong Rao, Seth Rakoff-Nahoum, and Kevin R. Foster. "Ecological rules for the assembly of microbiome communities." PLOS Biology 19, no. 2 (2021): e3001116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3001116.

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Humans and many other hosts establish a diverse community of beneficial microbes anew each generation. The order and identity of incoming symbionts is critical for health, but what determines the success of the assembly process remains poorly understood. Here we develop ecological theory to identify factors important for microbial community assembly. Our method maps out all feasible pathways for the assembly of a given microbiome—with analogies to the mutational maps underlying fitness landscapes in evolutionary biology. Building these “assembly maps” reveals a tradeoff at the heart of the assembly process. Ecological dependencies between members of the microbiota make assembly predictable—and can provide metabolic benefits to the host—but these dependencies may also create barriers to assembly. This effect occurs because interdependent species can fail to establish when each relies on the other to colonize first. We support our predictions with published data from the assembly of the preterm infant microbiota, where we find that ecological dependence is associated with a predictable order of arrival. Our models also suggest that hosts can overcome barriers to assembly via mechanisms that either promote the uptake of multiple symbiont species in one step or feed early colonizers. This predicted importance of host feeding is supported by published data on the impacts of breast milk in the assembly of the human microbiome. We conclude that both microbe to microbe and host to microbe interactions are important for the trajectory of microbiome assembly.
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Ren, Lijuan, Erik Jeppesen, Dan He, et al. "pH Influences the Importance of Niche-Related and Neutral Processes in Lacustrine Bacterioplankton Assembly." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 81, no. 9 (2015): 3104–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.04042-14.

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ABSTRACTpH is an important factor that shapes the structure of bacterial communities. However, we have very limited information about the patterns and processes by which overall bacterioplankton communities assemble across wide pH gradients in natural freshwater lakes. Here, we used pyrosequencing to analyze the bacterioplankton communities in 25 discrete freshwater lakes in Denmark with pH levels ranging from 3.8 to 8.8. We found that pH was the key factor impacting lacustrine bacterioplankton community assembly. More acidic lakes imposed stronger environmental filtering, which decreased the richness and evenness of bacterioplankton operational taxonomic units (OTUs) and largely shifted community composition. Although environmental filtering was determined to be the most important determinant of bacterioplankton community assembly, the importance of neutral assembly processes must also be considered, notably in acidic lakes, where the species (OTU) diversity was low. We observed that the strong effect of environmental filtering in more acidic lakes was weakened by the enhanced relative importance of neutral community assembly, and bacterioplankton communities tended to be less phylogenetically clustered in more acidic lakes. In summary, we propose that pH is a major environmental determinant in freshwater lakes, regulating the relative importance and interplay between niche-related and neutral processes and shaping the patterns of freshwater lake bacterioplankton biodiversity.
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Adams, Dean C. "ORGANIZATION OFPLETHODONSALAMANDER COMMUNITIES: GUILD-BASED COMMUNITY ASSEMBLY." Ecology 88, no. 5 (2007): 1292–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/06-0697.

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Law, Richard, and R. Daniel Morton. "Permanence and the Assembly of Ecological Communities." Ecology 77, no. 3 (1996): 762–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2265500.

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Powell, Jeff R., and Alison E. Bennett. "Unpredictable assembly of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal communities." Pedobiologia 59, no. 1-2 (2016): 11–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pedobi.2015.12.001.

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Wilson, J. Bastow, and Anni J. Watkins. "Guilds and assembly rules in lawn communities." Journal of Vegetation Science 5, no. 4 (1994): 591–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3235986.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Communities assembly"

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Lindsay, Hazel M. "Testing community assembly theories in epifaunal fouling communities." Thesis, Edinburgh Napier University, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.270651.

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Elliott, J. A. "Investigating the assembly of phytoplankton communities with PROTECH." Thesis, Edinburgh Napier University, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.325890.

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González, Trujillo Juan David. "Dissecting the assembly process of benthic communities from Neotropical streams." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/670235.

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I used the metacommunity framework to dissect the relative influences of dispersal (in ecological and evolutionary timeframes), selection (driven by abiotic factors) and ecological drift on the assembly process of freshwater benthic communities. The study was carried out at 26-32 different stream segments within an area of about 40,000km2, in the Colombian Orinoco. The area encompasses an elevation gradient from 3400 to 300m a.s.l. and includes a heterogeneous assembly of ecoregions and landscapes. By using a pattern-matching approach, I provide evidences supporting that dispersal, selection and drift are directly involved in the assembly of freshwater benthic communities. My findings indicate that one or more events of dispersal limitation (i.e. allopatric isolation) in an evolutionary timeframe shaped distinct pools of taxa in the Orinoco basin. The extent of these pools partially matches the distribution of the ecoregions, suggesting that those events molding the riverscapes and the vegetation structure similarly affect the diversity and distribution of benthic species. These findings have implications for both basic and applied research in the disciplines of metacommunity and freshwater ecology as well as of conservation and biogeography<br>En esta tesis, utilizo el marco conceptual de las metacomunidades para caracterizar los posibles efectos que tienen los procesos de dispersión (en tiempos ecológicos y evolutivos), selección (impulsada por factores abióticos) y deriva ecológica en la diversidad y distribución de las comunidades bentónicas fluviales. La zona de estudio, de un área de aproximadamente 40,000 km2, abarcó entre 26 y 32 segmentos de ríos prístinos del Orinoco colombiano. Los puntos de muestreo abarcaron un gradiente de elevación de 300 a 3400 m.s.n.m. que incluyó un conjunto heterogéneo de ecorregiones y paisajes. Mediante una aproximación de ligar patrones y posibles mecanismos, esta tesis proporciona evidencias de que la dispersión, la selección y la deriva están directamente involucradas en el proceso de ensamblaje de las comunidades bentónicas fluviales. Mis hallazgos indican que uno o más eventos de limitación de la dispersión en un marco de tiempo evolutivo (eventos de aislamiento alopátrico) formaron diferentes pools de especies dentro de la cuenca del Orinoco. La extensión de estos pools coincide parcialmente con la distribución de las ecorregiones, lo que sugiere que los eventos que moldearon los paisajes fluviales y la estructura de la vegetación afectaron de manera similar la diversidad y distribución de las especies bentónicas en ecosistemas fluviales. Estos hallazgos tienen implicaciones en las disciplinas de la ecología de metacomunidades y de agua dulce, así como en la conservación y la biogeografía
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Burns, Adam. "Assembly of microbial communities associated with the developing zebrafish intestine." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/20703.

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The communities of microorganisms associated with humans and other animals are characterized by a large degree of diversity and unexplained variation across individual hosts. While efforts to explain this variation in host-associated systems have focused heavily on the effects of host selection, community assembly theory emphasizes the role of dispersal and stochastic demographic processes, otherwise known as ecological drift. In this dissertation, I characterize the communities of microorganisms associated with the zebrafish, Danio rerio, intestine, and assess the importance of microbial dispersal and drift to their assembly. First, I describe changes in the composition and diversity of the zebrafish intestinal microbiome over zebrafish development and show that while host development is a major driver of community composition over time, there remains a large amount of unexplained variation among similar hosts of the same age. I go on to show that random dispersal and ecological drift alone in the absence of host selection are sufficient to explain a substantial amount of this variation, but the ability of these processes to predict the distribution of microorganisms across hosts decreases over host development. Finally, I present an experimental test of dispersal in host-associated systems, and show that not only does dispersal among individual zebrafish hosts have a large impact on the composition and diversity of associated microbial communities, but it can also overwhelm the effects of important host factors, such as the innate immune system. As a whole, this work demonstrates that the composition and diversity of microbial communities associated with animal hosts are not solely the result of selection by the host environment, but rather dispersal and stochastic processes have important and often overwhelming effects on their assembly. To fully understand the assembly of host-microbe systems, we must broaden our focus to include scales beyond that of an individual host and their associated microorganisms.<br>10000-01-01
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Bambrick, Elaine Dobie. "Stochastic and deterministic assembly within forest plant communities of British Columbia." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/44566.

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Patterns of beta diversity, the variation in species composition among sites, are often used to gain insights into the processes governing plant community assembly. Deterministic processes including environmental selection and stochastic processes such as stochastic colonization and extinction, and / or priority effects vary in their relative importance for explaining patterns of diversity. Sampling strategies that simultaneously control for variation in the environment as well as gradients in species richness improve our ability to quantify the relative importance of stochastic and deterministic community assembly processes. Using data that control for environmental variation, collected from 809 standardized survey plots across British Columbia, Canada, I show using a null model analysis that controls for species richness gradients, that patterns of beta diversity are no different than expected based on random sampling within 31 site units sampled from the Interior Cedar Hemlock (ICH), Englemann Spruce Subalpine Fir (ESSF), Sub-Boreal Pine and Spruce (SBPS) and Boreal White and Black Spruce (BWBS) zones described by Biogeoclimatic Ecosystem Classification (BEC). I also show that deterministic assembly is revealed when beta diversity is compared to patterns expected under broader definitions of the species pools, but not consistently across plant lifeforms or across categories defined by BEC. I further found that dispersal limitation influences beta diversity and increases in importance from shrubs to herbs to trees. By using a null model approach that enables detection of stochastic assembly, I was also able to show that beta diversity is no different than expected based on random sampling for tree species composition within the subzone / variant level of BEC, which supports an underlying assumption of Bioclimate Envelope Models. I suggest that the high beta diversity within BEC site units is likely attributable to stochastic assembly processes, which deserve more attention in future research, especially at fine scales of community organization.
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Pillay, Pradeep. "The ecological and evolutionary assembly of competitive communities in dynamic landscapes /." Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=101164.

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We use metapopulation models based on a classic competition-colonization trade-off in order to (1) study community responses to spatially structured habitat loss on dynamic landscapes when species are assembled by ecological (biogeographic) processes; and (2) to study how species are assembled into communities by evolutionary mechanisms. In the first part of our study we show how the response of species richness to habitat destruction in dynamic landscapes can be driven by the existence of either the spatial structure of habitat dynamics or by life-history trade-offs among species. In the second part of our study we confirm that competitive trade-off models predict runaway evolution towards stochastic extinction, making it impossible for stable multispecies assemblages to evolve. We demonstrate that by relaxing the strict deterministic nature of competitive exclusion in such models species can avoid selection towards extinction, allowing for the possibility of species co-evolution resulting in stable multispecies assemblages.
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Drobnik, Juliane [Verfasser], and Peter [Akademischer Betreuer] Poschlod. "Assembly rules in grassland plant communities / Juliane Drobnik. Betreuer: Peter Poschlod." Regensburg : Universitätsbibliothek Regensburg, 2011. http://d-nb.info/102336185X/34.

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Booth, Barbara Diane. "Biological processes controlling the assembly of plant communities on cliff faces." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ40363.pdf.

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Moore, Joslin Lynley. "Coexistence, assembly and invasion of plant communities in theory and practice." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.312122.

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Sarremejane, R. (Romain). "Community assembly mechanisms in river networks:exploring the effect of connectivity and disturbances on the assembly of stream communities." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2018. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526218632.

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Abstract Community assembly results from a combination of deterministic and stochastic mechanisms, whose relative effects can vary in response to environmental heterogeneity, connectivity, disturbance regimes and anthropogenic stressors. Understanding how community assembly mechanisms vary in response to environmental changes and connectivity is crucial for the management and conservation of river ecosystems. In this thesis, I tested the effects of connectivity and natural flow disturbances on riverine invertebrate communities by assessing assembly mechanism changes in response to (I) habitat connectivity, (II) seasonal flow intermittency and (III) inter–annual hydrological variability. I also conducted a field experiment to test for (IV) the effects of human–induced nutrient enrichment on community assembly of microorganisms (diatoms and aquatic fungi) and stream ecosystem functioning under different environmental settings. Invertebrate community assembly changed gradually with habitat connectivity. While limited dispersal resulted in higher community variability in the most isolated streams, mass effects caused community homogenization in the most connected ones. Natural and human induced disturbances lead to changes in the relative importance of deterministic and stochastic factors but often through different, or even opposite, mechanisms depending on the natural background of the ecosystem and organism type considered. For instance, seasonal drying and high–flow periods in intermittent Mediterranean rivers promoted deterministic and stochastic assembly processes respectively, whereas environmental sorting and stochastic processes respectively dominated during high and low flow years in boreal streams. Diatom and fungal communities responded differently to nutrient enrichment, with detrital processes and fungal communities responding more in naturally acidic than in circumneutral streams. The results of this thesis highlight the complexity of community assembly mechanisms: they tend to be highly context dependent and temporally variable. Therefore, stream bioassessment and conservation will benefit from explicitly incorporating connectivity and natural disturbance regimes. Assessing the interactive effects of connectivity and disturbances at the river network scale would provide a greater understanding of community assembly mechanisms and river ecosystem functioning<br>Tiivistelmä Eliöyhteisöjen koostumus heijastelee determinististen ja stokastisten mekanismien vuorovaikutusta. Niiden suhteellinen merkitys vaihtelee suhteessa yhteisöjen kytkeytyneisyyteen sekä luontaisiin ja ihmisen aiheuttamiin häiriöihin. Yhteisöjen säätelymekanismit vaihtelevat jokiverkoston eri osissa ja tietoa tästä vaihtelusta tarvitaan jokiekosysteemien hoidon kehittämiseksi. Tässä tutkielmassa testasin elinympäristöjen kytkeytyneisyyden ja luontaisten häiriöiden (virtaamavaihtelut) vaikutuksia jokien selkärangatonyhteisöihin. Suoritin myös kenttäkokeen, jossa testattiin ihmisen aiheuttaman rehevöitymisen vaikutuksia mikro–organismeihin (piilevät, mikrobit) ja ekosysteemitoimintoihin erilaisissa ympäristöoloissa (luontaisesti happamat vs. neutraalit purot). Selkärangattomien yhteisökoostumus muuttui asteittain jokiverkostossa. Yhteisökoostumuksen vaihtelu oli suurinta eristäytyneimmissä latvapuroissa, kun taas isommissa, uomaston keskivaiheilla sijaitsevissa koskissa voimakas levittäytyminen eri suunnista (ns. massatekijät) aiheutti yhteisöjen rakenteen homogenisoitumista. Kuivuusjaksot ja niitä seuraavat korkean virtaaman jaksot edistivät determinististen prosessien merkitystä Välimeren alueen joissa, kun taas boreaalisissa puroissa Pohjois–Suomessa äärevät virtaamaolot, erityisesti poikkeuksellisen kuivat kesät, edistivät satunnaismekanismien vaikutusta. Perustuottajat (piilevät) ja hajottajat (akvaattiset sienet) vastasivat eri tavoin ravinnelisäykseen. Sienten hajotustoiminta nopeutui ravinnelisäyksen myötä, mutta vain luontaisesti happamissa puroissa. Tämän opinnäytetyön tulokset korostavat yhteisön kokoonpanomekanismien monimutkaisuutta: ne ovat usein erittäin tilanneriippuvaisia ja ajallisesti vaihtelevia. Siksi jokien ekologisen tilan arvioinnissa tulisi huomioida tutkimuspaikkojen kytkeytyneisyys jokimaisemassa
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Books on the topic "Communities assembly"

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Arrangements, North Carolina General Assembly Legislative Research Commission Committee on Life Care. Life care arrangements: Report to the 1987 General Assembly of North Carolina. Legislative Research Commission, 1986.

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Sugihara, G. Niche hierarchy: Structure, organization, and assembly in natural systems. J. Ross Publishing, 2015.

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Chang, Esther R. The role of dispersal constraints in the assembly of salt-marsh communities. Printed by Van Denderen BV, 2006.

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Communities, Economic and Social Committee of the European. The other European assembly: The Economic and Social Committee of the European Communities. Economic and Social Committee, 1986.

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Economic and Social Committee of the European Communities. The other European assembly: The Economic and Social Committee of the European Communities. Economic and Social Committee, Press, Information and Publications Division, 1985.

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Virginia. General Assembly. Joint Commission on Health Care. Report of the Joint Commission on Health Care [on] study on continuing care retirement communities pursuant to SB 1139 of 1997 to the Governor and the General Assembly of Virginia. Commonwealth of Virginia, 1998.

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From plant traits to vegetation structure: Chance and selection in the assembly of ecological communities. Cambridge University Press, 2010.

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Virginia Assembly on the Quest for Community in a National Republic (1988 Richmond, Va.). 1988 Virginia Assembly on the Quest for Community in a National Republic: A bicentennial reappraisal : final report and keynote address, held April 8-10, 1988, Richmond, Virginia. The Center, 1988.

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Wilkes, Henry. Purity of communion, its importance, and the best means of promoting it: An essay, written at the request of the Congregational Union of Canada and read to the assembly, June 17th, 1854. J. Dougall, 1994.

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Virginia. General Assembly. Joint Commission on Health Care. Study of whether there are abuses in independent living arrangements for the elderly or disabled pursuant to HJR 637 of 1995: Report of the Joint Commission on Health Care to the Governor and the General Assembly of Virginia. Commonwealth of Virginia, 1997.

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Book chapters on the topic "Communities assembly"

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Kraft, Nathan J. B., and David D. Ackerly. "Assembly of Plant Communities." In Ecology and the Environment. Springer New York, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-7612-2_1-6.

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Kraft, Nathan J. B., and David D. Ackerly. "Assembly of Plant Communities." In Ecology and the Environment. Springer New York, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-7501-9_1.

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Kraft, Nathan J. B., and David D. Ackerly. "The Assembly of Plant Communities." In Ecology and the Environment. Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-7612-2_1-5.

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Bala Murali, G., B. B. V. L. Deepak, M. V. A. Raju Bahubalendruni, and B. B. Biswal. "Optimal Assembly Sequence Planning Towards Design for Assembly Using Simulated Annealing Technique." In Research into Design for Communities, Volume 1. Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-3518-0_35.

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Poschlod, Peter, Mehdi Abedi, Maik Bartelheimer, Juliane Drobnik, Sergey Rosbakh, and Arne Saatkamp. "Seed Ecology and Assembly Rules in Plant Communities." In Vegetation Ecology. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118452592.ch6.

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Bakke, Ingrid, Kari Johanne Kihle Attramadal, Ragnhild Inderberg Vestrum, and Olav Vadstein. "Controlling Factors for Community Assembly in Developing Cod Larvae (Gadus morhua)." In Microbial Communities in Aquaculture Ecosystems. Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-16190-3_4.

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Carlton, James T. "Deep Invasion Ecology and the Assembly of Communities in Historical Time." In Biological Invasions in Marine Ecosystems. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-79236-9_2.

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Balaraman, S., Amaresh Chakrabarti, B. Gurumoorthy, and Dibakar Sen. "A Real Time Automatic Ergonomic Measure in Identifying Postural Deviation for the Assessment of Manual Assembly." In Research into Design for Communities, Volume 1. Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-3518-0_42.

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Ghodrati Shojaei, Mehdi, Lars Gutow, Jennifer Dannheim, Hendrik Pehlke, and Thomas Brey. "Functional Diversity and Traits Assembly Patterns of Benthic Macrofaunal Communities in the Southern North Sea." In Towards an Interdisciplinary Approach in Earth System Science. Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-13865-7_20.

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Sheridan, Susan, Heather Sherman, Allison Kooijman, et al. "Patients for Patient Safety." In Textbook of Patient Safety and Clinical Risk Management. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-59403-9_6.

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AbstractUnsafe care results in over 2 million deaths per year and is considered one of the world’s leading causes of death. In 2019, the 72nd World Health Assembly issued a call to action, The Global Action on Patient Safety, that called for Member States to democratize healthcare by engaging with the very users of the healthcare system—patients, families, and community members—along with other partners—in the “co-production” of safer healthcare.The WHO’s Patients for Patient Safety (PFPS) Programme, guided by the London Declaration, addresses this global concern by advancing co-production efforts that demonstrate the powerful and important role that civil society, patients, families, and communities play in building harm reduction strategies that result in safer care in developing and developed countries. The real-world examples from the PFPS Programme and Member States illustrate how civil society as well as patients, families, and communities who have experienced harm from unsafe care have harnessed their wisdom and courageously partnered with passionate and forward-thinking leaders in healthcare including clinicians, researchers, policy makers, medical educators, and quality improvement experts to co-produce sustainable patient safety initiatives. Although each example is different in scope, structure, and purpose and engage different stakeholders at different levels, each highlights the necessary building blocks to transform our healthcare systems into learning environments through co-production of patient safety initiatives, and each responds to the call made in the London Declaration, the WHO PFPS Programme, and the World Health Assembly to place patients, families, communities, and civil society at the center of efforts to improve patient safety.
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Conference papers on the topic "Communities assembly"

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Ovaskainen, Otso. "Linking conservation biology to community assembly processes with hierarchical modelling of species communities." In 5th European Congress of Conservation Biology. Jyvaskyla University Open Science Centre, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.17011/conference/eccb2018/106967.

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Mutter, A., M. Kohn, and M. Sund. "A generic 10 Gbps assembly edge node and testbed for frame switching networks." In 2009 5th International Conference on Testbeds and Research Infrastructures for the Development of Networks & Communities and Workshops. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tridentcom.2009.4976201.

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Yang, Sheng, Yunlong Tang, and Yaoyao Fiona Zhao. "Assembly-Level Design for Additive Manufacturing: Issues and Benchmark." In ASME 2016 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2016-59565.

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The emerging additive manufacturing (AM) technology works in a layer-wise fashion which makes it possible to manipulate material distribution and composition. The resulting effects are reflected on the potential of innovative shape design, consolidated assembly, optimized topology, and functionally graded material. These new characteristics force designers to rethink about how to make a better engineering design. However, existing design theory and methodology cannot take these potentials provided by AM into account. To fill this void, various design for additive manufacturing (DFAM) approaches are reported. Unfortunately, majority of them focused on part-level redesign without potential of being extended to assembly-level applications. In order to shed a light into this emerging field, an overview of current assembly-level DFAM is summarized in this paper. After that, existing issues including the absent analysis of AM’s impact on conceptual design, the lack of explicit functional analysis method, the shortage of decision-making support for part consolidation, the deficiency of functional reasoning approaches to generate AM-enabled features, and the scarcity of integrating manufacturing and assembly knowledge into design stage are analyzed and discussed. However, it seems that addressing these issues is such a large scope that collaborative efforts are in need from both design and manufacturing communities. Therefore, this paper serves as a call to action for the research community to establish a comprehensive assembly-level/ product-level DFAM method to realize product evolution. As an initial benchmark, authors propose a three-stage design methodology on the basis of the Systematic Design approach. In the presented framework, functional analysis, part consolidation, and structural optimization with process knowledge integration are much highlighted. Moreover, a simple redesign case study is exemplified to clarify existing issues and how the benchmark method works. In the end, this paper is wrapped up with future research.
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Arzberger, Peter, and Grace S. Hong. "The Power of Cyberinfrastructure in Building Grassroots Networks: A History of the Pacific Rim Applications and Grid Middleware Assembly (PRAGMA), and Lessons Learned in Developing Global Communities." In 2008 IEEE Fourth International Conference on eScience (eScience). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/escience.2008.55.

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El-Gabry, Lamyaa, and Martina Jaskolski. "Offering Engineering Students Global Prospective Through Experiential Learning Project in Wind Energy and Sustainability." In ASME Turbo Expo 2019: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2019-92060.

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Abstract Students from Princeton University partnered with students from the American University in Cairo in a three-week intensive hands-on field experience in Egypt. The project was to assemble, install and test a wind mill driven pump used for irrigation and to survey communities across Egypt in the Delta and Red Sea coast to assess water needs in these communities. The course offered a perspective on sustainable development in Egypt followed by water and energy resource challenges in Egypt’s diverse geographic areas. Students assembled a wind pump and installed it at the American University in Cairo for testing prior to installation at El Heiz, a desert oasis community in the Western Desert. The students were selected from diverse backgrounds in Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Computer Engineering, and Operations Research and Financial Engineering and learned the value of having diverse teams address engineering problems in a truly global context. This paper presents the case study including lessons learned in implementation of this experiential learning field project.
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Teets, Jon W., and J. Michael Teets. "A 150Kw Integrated Solar Combined Cycle (ISCC) Power Plant." In ASME 2008 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2008-69020.

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With the soaring price of oil and the global push toward reduction in carbon emissions, renewable energy is treated by many as a solution to the economic and environmental cost of consumption of fossil fuels. With the power plant reviewed in this paper use of Solar and Bio-fuels will be attained. During the day power needs can be met with Solar energy and when that energy supply is not adequate can use bio-fuels or fuel of choice (gaseous or liquid). If there is a need for use only with Solar energy (i.e. peak power demand) can shut down and restart when desired. Due to the size of the unit, start up is not a long labor intensive task and can be accomplished within the hour. The 150 Kw Integrated Solar Combined Cycle (ISCC) power plant is for commercial and residential use. The unit will produce 150 Kw electrical power output to customer with Solar Thermal Energy (STE). Solar Thermal energy is attained from parabolic trough concentrator(s). Working fluid in the STE system is Syltherm 800 (Silicone Heat Transfer Fluid) is acceptable use from –40F to 750 F. This fluid is heated and passes through a heat exchanger to transfer energy to the closed rankine cycle (where the liquid is changed to vapor stage. Steady state analysis performed on the rankine cycle, with ammonia / water mixture (50/50) used NIST standard reference database 23 for the thermodynamic and transport properties REFPROP [1]. A unique feature with the combined cycle unit, is the rankine cycle turbine wheel is directly attached to the power producing gas turbine spool, thus share a common high speed permanent magnet alternator assembly. The core gas turbine engine used in the combined cycle is a two spool, high pressure ratio (11:1) simple cycle microturbine with cycle efficiency of 20%, at 70Kw output electrical power (sea level standard day). The latter is defined as model TMA 70SC. In addition to the gas turbine engine and rankine turbine stage, the combined cycle incorporates a gas turbine waste heat boiler, economizer, condenser and economizer fluid preheater. The combined cycle unit, without thermal energy, will produce 145Kw (sea level standard day) with an electrical output efficiency of 40%. The gas turbine exhaust to atmosphere will be less than 240 F. The ISCC unit power producing spool / rotor will operate at 100% N regardless of gas turbine power demand. Whereas, spool number one will vary with gas turbine power demand. When the available solar thermal energy decreases the gas turbine fuel flow will increase to maintain electrical power, pending day conditions. The ISCC power plant, can be used for main power plants in [stand alone] communities, business, industrial or distributed energy (D.E.). Also, will provide electrical power to the customer at lower rate than traditional power companies.
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Faurote, Shawn, Carrol Curtis, Daniel Jones, et al. "Design a Product That Can Stimulate a Developing Nation’s Economy: Grain Mill." In ASME 2004 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2004-61319.

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The purpose of this project was to design a product that would improve the standard of living, as well as stimulate the economy of a developing nation. Increasing food production was determined to be one of the greatest needs in emerging economies. Initial market research of indigenous grinding methods and diets of several developing nations pointed to a need for grain mills in Central and South America. In order to design a grain mill to meet this need, grain mill machines currently available in industrialized nations were first analyzed in order to determine the technical aspects that would be needed to construct an appropriate grain mill. The initial grain mill designed as well as prototyped weighs 40 pounds and can be assembled without any tools. The grain mill is able to efficiently grind corn into fine flour using a two-step grinding process. Using the two-step process, 1.5 pounds of grain can be milled in an hour. In addition, the grain mill can be easily disassembled for cleaning and transportation when necessary. Through analysis of the potential market’s income as well as looking at the production process, the price per grain mill is expected to be $50, a cost that is within the budget of many families and communities in the Americas.
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Shah, Parthiv N., Gordon Pfeiffer, Rory Davis, Thomas Hartley, and Zoltán Spakovszky. "Full-Scale Turbofan Demonstration of a Deployable Engine Air-Brake for Drag Management Applications." In ASME Turbo Expo 2016: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2016-56708.

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This paper presents the design and full-scale ground-test demonstration of an engine air-brake (EAB) nozzle that uses a deployable swirl vane mechanism to switch the operation of a turbofan’s exhaust stream from thrust generation to drag generation during the approach and/or descent phase of flight. The EAB generates a swirling outflow from the turbofan exhaust nozzle, allowing an aircraft to generate equivalent drag in the form of thrust reduction at a fixed fan rotor speed. The drag generated by the swirling exhaust flow is sustained by the strong radial pressure gradient created by the EAB swirl vanes. Such drag-on-demand is an enabler to operational benefits such as slower, steeper, and/or aeroacoustically cleaner flight on approach, addressing the aviation community’s need for active and passive control of aeroacoustic noise sources and access to confined airports. Using NASA’s Technology Readiness Level (TRL) definitions, the EAB technology has been matured to a level of 6, i.e., a fully functional prototype. The TRL-maturation effort involved design, fabrication, assembly, and ground-testing of the EAB’s deployable mechanism on a full-scale, mixed-exhaust, medium-bypass-ratio business jet engine (Williams International FJ44-4A) operating at the upper end of typical approach throttle settings. The final prototype design satisfied a set of critical technology demonstration requirements that included (1) aerodynamic equivalent drag production equal to 15% of nominal gross thrust in a high-powered approach throttle setting (called dirty approach), (2) excess nozzle flow capacity and fuel burn reduction in the fully deployed configuration, (3) acceptable engine operability during dynamic deployment and stowing, (4) deployment time of 3–5 seconds, (5) stowing time under 0.5 second, and (6) packaging of the mechanism within a notional engine cowl. For a typical twin-jet aircraft application, a constant-speed, steep approach analysis suggests that the EAB drag could be used without additional external airframe drag to increase the conventional glideslope from 3 to 4.3 degrees, with about 3 dB noise reduction at a fixed observer location.
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Pettitt, Glenn, and Shana Westfall. "The Advantages of Integrating Major Hazard Safety and Impact Assessments for Pipeline Projects." In 2016 11th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2016-64370.

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During many years of working on oil and gas pipeline projects, the authors have experienced many occasions where safety and environmental professionals on the same project have conducted assessments without using an integrated approach, often to the detriment of the project. This ‘siloed’ behaviour is evident in the way that safety and environmental teams are often assembled at different times and have little to no interaction. An Environmental, Social and Health Impact Assessment (ESHIA) is used as a key mechanism to identify potential adverse consequences from a pipeline project in terms of unwanted impacts to fauna and flora and local communities. Simultaneously, major hazard studies are carried out for a pipeline project to identify major accident hazards risks to adjacent communities or at above ground installations (AGIs), usually from flammable events due to the transport of natural gas, crude oil or petroleum products. Both the ESHIA and the major accident hazards processes will identify appropriate prevention, control and mitigation measures to reduce the risk from the pipeline system and to manage the potential adverse consequences in the unlikely event of a major accident. Within the scope of many ESHIAs prepared now, there is an assessment of environmental and social impacts from ‘unplanned events’, which essentially are those major hazard events with the potential to cause multiple injuries or fatalities to people in the local community or at AGIs. As such events are likely to have a major consequence to the environment, particularly in the case of crude oil and petroleum products releases, it makes sense for such events to be studied by both safety and environmental professionals using an integrated approach. Such an integrated approach requires collaboration between various professionals from an early point within a project, as there are several different aspects with a pipeline project that will require the assessment of key personnel. For a pipeline project in the design stages, the main points for consideration are as follows: • Construction of the pipeline system, with major disruptions to the local environment from the construction itself (line pipe and AGIs) and due to the logistical requirements (traffic movements, movements of personnel and construction camps, moving major equipment across the world). • Operation of the pipeline system, with potential adverse impacts due to a loss of containment, as has been shown by many accidents in the past (e.g. Ref 1, 2). The key issue here is that the initiating events often remain the same, certainly with regard to operations where the initiating event will be a loss of containment. There may be adverse consequences to people, the biological environment and the physical environment, depending on the location and nature of the incident. For this reason joint participation in the hazard identification (HAZID) process by key safety, social and environmental professionals is considered beneficial to a pipeline project to ensure all potential initiators are included. In this case, the HAZID process would also include an environmental impact identification (ENVID), rather than conducting both processes separately. A major advantage of conducting an integrated approach is the potential cost-savings. By bringing together technical safety and environmental professionals at an early stage of pipeline project design, there is the potential to avoid ‘doubling-up’ on potential issues, as well as conducting two parallel processes that have many similarities. Perhaps more significantly, many potential adverse consequences (environmental, social and safety) can be prevented, controlled or mitigated through their early consideration during project design. Hence, by bringing together these different technical view-points at an early stage of pipeline system design, potential risk reduction options that would be beneficial to people and the environment may be identified. If ESHIA considerations and major accident hazard studies are evaluated in parallel during the early stages of a project (e.g. Appraise or Select), a pipeline project will have more available options to prevent potential impacts. As prevention of hazards is generally more cost-effective than designing in control and mitigation measures (for recovery of an incident), this will have a critical financial benefit. Furthermore, early changes to project design are generally far less costly than changes in the latter stages of a pipeline project; hence, early identification of prevention and risk reduction may be hugely beneficial.
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Kappanna, Hemanth K., Marc C. Besch, Arvind Thiruvengadam, et al. "Evaluation of Drayage Truck Chassis Dynamometer Test Cycles and Emissions Measurement." In ASME 2012 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2012-92106.

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In 2006, the ports of Long Beach and Los Angeles adopted the final San Pedro Bay Ports Clean Air Action Plan (CAAP), initiating a broad range of programs intended to improve the air quality of the port and rail yard communities in the South Coast Air Basin. As a result, the Technology Advancement Program (TAP) was formed to identify, evaluate, verify and accelerate the commercial availability of new emissions reduction technologies for emissions sources associated with port operations, [1]. Container drayage truck fleets, an essential part of the port operations, were identified as the second largest source of NOx and the fourth largest source of diesel PM emissions in the ports’ respective 2010 emissions inventories [2, 3]. In response, TAP began to characterize drayage truck operations in order to provide drayage truck equipment manufacturers with a more complete understanding of typical drayage duty cycles, which is necessary to develop emissions reduction technologies targeted at the drayage market. As part of the broader TAP program, the Ports jointly commissioned TIAX LLC to develop a series of drayage truck chassis dynamometer test-cycles. These cycles were based on the cargo transport distance, using vehicle operational data collected on a second-by-second basis from numerous Class 8 truck trips over a period of two weeks, while performing various modes of typical drayage-related activities. Distinct modes of operation were identified; these modes include creep, low-speed transient, high-speed transient and high-speed cruise. After the modes were identified, they were assembled in order to represent typical drayage operation, namely, near-dock operation, local operation and regional operation, based on cargo transport distances [4]. The drayage duty-cycles, thus developed, were evaluated on a chassis dynamometer at West Virginia University (WVU) using a class 8 tractor powered by a Mack MP8-445C, 13 liter 445 hp, and Model Year (MY) 2011 engine. The test vehicle is equipped with a state-of-the-art emissions control system meeting 2010 emissions regulations for on-road applications. Although drayage trucks in the San Pedro Bay Ports do not have to comply with the 2010 heavy-duty emissions standards until 2023, more than 1,000 trucks already meet that standard and are equipped with diesel particulate filter (DPF) and selective catalytic reduction (SCR) technology as used in the test vehicle. An overview of the cycle evaluation work, along with comparative results of emissions between integrated drayage operations, wherein drayage cycles are run as a series of shorter tests called drayage activities, and single continuous drayage operation cycles will be presented herein. Results show that emissions from integrated drayage operations are significantly higher than those measured over single continuous drayage operation, approximately 14% to 28% for distance-specific NOx emissions. Furthermore, a similar trend was also observed in PM emissions, but was difficult to draw a definite conclusion since PM emissions were highly variable and near detection limits in the presence of DPF. Therefore, unrepresentative grouping of cycle activity could lead to over-estimation of emissions inventory for a fleet of drayage vehicles powered by 2010 compliant on-road engines.
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Reports on the topic "Communities assembly"

1

Bolton, Laura. Donor Support for the Human Rights of LGBT+. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.100.

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This rapid review synthesises evidence on the bilateral and multilateral donors promoting and protecting the human rights of LGBT+ people on a global scale. It focusses on those donors that have policies, implementation plans and programmes on LGBT+ rights. This review also examines the evidence on the impact of their work. The bilateral donors providing the most support for LGBT+ (Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, +) communities in 2017-18 are the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (Sida), UK Department for International Development (DFID), The Netherlands Development Cooperation, Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation (Norad), and the European Commission (EC). Whilst the multilateral donors providing the most support for LGBT+ are the UN and World Bank. The United Nations (UN) is doing a huge amount of work on LGBT+ rights across the organisation which there was not scope to fully explore in this report. The UN Office of the High Commissioner on Human Rights (UNOCHR) in particular is doing a lot on this theme. They publish legal obligation information, call attention to rights abuses through general assembly resolutions. The dialogue with governments, monitor violations and support human rights treaties bodies. The work of the World Bank in this area focuses on inclusion rather than rights. A small number of projects were identified which receive funding from bilateral and multilateral donors. These were AMSHeR, International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association (ILGA), and Stonewall. This rapid review focused on identifying donor support for LGBT+ rights, therefore, searches were limited to general databases and donor websites, utilising non-academic and donor literature. Much of the information comes directly from websites and these are footnoted throughout the report. Little was identified in the way of impact evaluation within the scope of this report. The majority of projects found through searches were non-governmental and so not the focus of this report.
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