Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Community-based health insurance'
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Sabi, William Kwasi. "Mandatory community-based health insurance schemes in Ghana : prospects and challenges." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/9437.
Community-Based Health Insurance Schemes are new forms of health financing that can increase resources available for a national health system. These schemes are often regarded as not feasible. Evidence from recent experiences however; show that , if they are appropriately designed and managed they can be feasible and sustainable. The successes achieved by such schemes in Ghana motivated the government to make them a mandatory system of health financing. The main objective is that every resident of Ghana shall belong to a health insurance scheme that adequately covers him or her against "cash and carry" (i.e. user fees) in order to obtain access to a defined package of acceptable quality needed health services without having to pay at the point of receiving service. This study sought to undertake a critical comparative study of the performance of voluntary and mandatory community health financing schemes in Ghana and assess their prospects and challenges in their effort to improve efficiency, equity and the schemes' sustainability. The study, a qualitative one, employed descriptive survey techniques to evaluate the ability of schemes to finance their activities from their own sources and mechanisms put in place to cater for the poor and vulnerable, i.e. to evaluate with sustainability and equity respectively. The study also considered control measures to minimize cost escalation to assess efficiency. Focus group discussions, key informant interviews and document reviews were used to examine performance of voluntary and mandatory schemes in meeting those criteria. The study found that both voluntary and mandatory schemes were not self-sustainable due to low coverage and inadequate funds mobilized by the schemes. The main reasons for the general low enrolments are poverty, poor quality health service and limited benefit packages. The study showed that including out-patient (OPD) services in the benefit package and quality improvements in health service improve members' acceptability of insurance hence increase membership rates which will eventually increase schemes' sustainability. Efficient and effective administration of risk equalization fund will help reduce differences in districts' ability to raise revenue owing to different levels of economic activities as well as local morbidities. The study showed further that small community-based health insurance schemes (CBHIS) could be sub-district level financial intermediaries for the District Health Insurance Schemes. It was found in this study that a practical means testing mechanism to declare one poor in order to quality for exemption from contribution should be adopted. The study also suggests that alternative reimbursement mechanisms to fee-for-service need to be considered. The study suggests further research on equity in access and means testing. Such study should consider coming up with mechanisms for identifying the very poor in the communities and to put in place workable and sustainable measure to tackle the financial barriers to health care they face.
Mladovsky, Philipa. "Social capital and enrolment in community-based health insurance in Senegal." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2014. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/928/.
Ouedraogo, Lisa-Marie [Verfasser]. "Approaching Universal Health Coverage in Kenya : the Potential of integrating Community Based Health Insurance Schemes / Lisa-Marie Ouedraogo." Greifswald : Universitätsbibliothek Greifswald, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1129900789/34.
Velenyi, Edit V. "Modeling demand for community-based health insurance : an analytical framework and evidence from India and Nigeria." Thesis, University of York, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.550247.
Flodkvist, Evelina. "Gender roles and perceptions about improved Community-Based Health Insurance : A case study in Babati, Tanzania." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Utveckling och internationellt samarbete, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-32696.
Adebayo, Esther. "Factors that affect uptake of community-based health insurance in low- and middle- income countries: a systematic review." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/6022.
Danso, Collins Akuamoah. "Critical evaluation of the role of community based health insurance schemes in extending health care coverage to the informal sector in Ghana." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/9343.
One major challenge facing the international development community is how to finance and provide health care for the large informal sector in low and middle income countries. This is as a result of the inability of the traditional tax systems in most of these countries to generate the needed revenue to help meet the health needs of the citizens. In recent times, many countries in developing countries are increasingly depending on Community Based Insurance Schemes (CBHIS) as an alternative health care financing mechanism. In Ghana. the universal tax funded system of health care introduced in 1957 soon alter independence could not be sustained because of economic recession in the 1970's and 1980's forcing the government to introduce user fees in all public health institutions. User fees resulted in a decline in utilization of health services especially the poor and vulnerable group. This situation forced many communities to set up CBHIS meant to cover user fees charged at the health facilities. The success of some of these schemes and the fact that many Ghanaians do not have insurance cover led the government to introduce a National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS) which is mandatory for all citizens. The law mandates all formal sector workers to contribute part of their social security contribution to the National Health Insurance Fund as premium, thus making it compulsory for them. Those in the informal sector are however required to voluntarily pay directly into their district schemes. Also, even though a proposal has been made to exempt the poor, no mechanism has been determined to identify poor households for subsidy. This study sought to undertake a critical evaluation of the role of CBHIS under the NHIS in extending health care coverage to the large informal sector (who are about 70% of the active labour force) in Ghana. Specifically, the study sought to determine factors that affect enrolment, to determine a practical mechanism to identify the poor and to gain an understanding of how other countries have increased health insurance coverage.
Rukundo, Emmanuel Nshakira [Verfasser]. "Effects of community-based health insurance on child health outcomes and utilisation of preventive health services : Evidence from rural south-western Uganda / Emmanuel Nshakira Rukundo." Bonn : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1173898611/34.
BONAN, JACOPO DANIELE. "Essays in development economics." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/46828.
Pélissier, Aurore. "Activités et efficicience des établissements de santé dans le contexte de la couverture universelle de santé : études sur données d'enquêtes au Cambodge et en Chine." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012CLF10432.
Universal health coverage is at the heart of health financing. In such context, the development of insurance mechanisms and the improvement of efficiency are major stakes to insure equity in access and financing of health care services. In Cambodia, the transition to universal health coverage relies on a combination of health equity funds and community-based health insurance while in China it relies on the development of community-based health insurance with the New Rural Cooperative Medical Scheme. The composition of health financing evolves and thus, the utilization of resources becomes a central issue. So, as it proposed in this thesis, we have to examine the efficiency in the context of universal health coverage. The chapter I analyses the issues of health financing in developing countries in the context of universal health coverage and underlines why the efficiency is the central issue. The thesis then concentrates on the study of efficiency through three chapters. Chapter II details the data envelopment analysis to estimate technical efficiency. Chapters III and IV respectively study the activity and efficiency of health centers of Takeo province in Cambodia and townships hospitals of Weifang prefecture in China, in the context of reforms oriented to universal health coverage
Donfouet, Hermann Pythagore Pierre. "Essais sur l’évaluation des préférences des ménages en matière d’assurance communautaire." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013REN1G027/document.
The financing of quality healthcare is a major challenge for developing countries. Despite efforts to improve the provision of healthcare services, a significant proportion of the population does not always have access to healthcare services. Low economic growth, lack of economic resources, corruption and constraints on the public sector could explain why the design of a system of financing healthcare is complex. Over the past two decades, there has been a decline in the use of healthcare services after the introduction of cost recovery in public health facilities. Those most affected by this policy are low-income households particularly in rural areas that are most often vulnerable to diseases. The community-based health insurance has been proposed as an alternative to improve better access to low-income households to healthcare services. The community-based health insurance is thus a tool of social protection for many households who otherwise would not have formal insurance. However, such a health insurance scheme can have long-term effects if households have a strong preference for it, and there is social capital in rural areas. Assessing the preferences of households for the community-based health insurance is important for the formulation of policy recommendations. Adequate knowledge on the determinants of demand for the community-based health insurance is essential for developing strategies to increase resource allocation, and improve the quality of services. This study aims at assessing the preferences of households for community-based health insurance in rural areas of Cameroon. The use of contingent valuation method suggests that low-income households are willing to pay for the community-based health insurance. Furthermore, social capital has a positive and significant effect on the demand, and the use of double-bounded dichotomous choice to assess the preferences of households is incentive incompatible. We also found that there is heterogeneous shift effect in preferences anomalies and could be mostly explained by the salient characteristics of households. A striking result is that more certain households are not subjected to preference anomalies. Lastly, there is spatial dependence in the preferences of households explained by social norms
Lloyd, Bridget. "Stakeholder perceptions of human resource requirements for health services based on primary health care and implemented through a national health insurance scheme." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2010. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_7813_1363786823.
In 2007, at its 52nd Conference in Polokwane, the African National Congress (ANC) called for the implementation of a National Health Insurance (NHI) scheme. The announcement resulted in much debate, with critics voicing concerns about the state of the public health system, lack of consultation and the expense of a NHI scheme. However, little attention has been paid to the 
human resource (HR) needs, despite the fact that 57% of recurrent expenditure on health1 is on HR. This research aimed to identify the HR requirements to support the implementation of an effective and equitable health system funded by a NHI in South Africa. An overview of the current burden of disease and distribution of HR is provided. Through interviewing key stakeholders the study attempted to elicit information about factors which will hamper or assist in developing such a health system, specifically looking at the HR situation and needs. The research explores HR 
odels and proposes key HR requirements for implementation of a health system funded by a NHI in South Africa, including skills mix and projected numbers of health workers and 
proposes ways to improve the deficient HR situation. Exploratory qualitative research methods were used comprising in-depth individual interviews, with a purposive sample of key informants, including: public health professionals and health managers (working in rural and urban areas)
researchers
academics and NGO managers. The contents of the interviews were analysed to identify common responses about and suggestions for HR requirements within the framework of a NHI. 1 Personal communication Dr Mark Blecher, Director Social Services (Health), National Treasury, 17 July 2009 The literature review includes policy documents, position papers and articles from journals and bulletins. Key informants were asked to identify literature and research material to support recommendations. The research findings indicate that despite the South African Government&rsquo
s expressed commitment to Primary Health Care (PHC), the National Department of Health has continued to support and sustain a clinical model of health service delivery (Motsoaledi, 2010), primarily utilising doctors and nurses. The clinic based services are limited in their ability to reach community level, and, being focused on curative aspects, are often inadequate with regard to prevention, health promotion and rehabilitation services. While the curricula of health professionals have been through some changes, the training has continued to be curative in focus and the clinical training sites have not been significantly expanded to include peripheral sites. While there are many Community Health Workers in the country, they remain disorganised and peripheral to the public health system. The mid level worker category 
has not been fully explored. Finally there are no clear strategies for recruitment and retention of health workers in rural and under-resourced areas. In addition to the continued use of a clinical model, transformation of the health system hasbeen hampered by inadequate numbers of health workers, particularly in the rural and periurban townships and informal settlements. There is no clear strategy for addressing the critical 
health worker shortage in under-resourced areas, particularly rural areas. The last section makes recommendations, which will be submitted to the relevant task teams working on the NHI. It is intended that recommendations arising out of the research will influence the process and decisions about HRH within a NHI funded health system.
Muhongerwa, Diane. "Financial protection through community-based health insurance in Rwanda." Diss., 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/13593.
Health Studies
M.A. (Public Health)
Lawal, Afeez Folorunsho. "Between policy and reality: a study of a community based health insurance programme in Kwara State Nigeria." Thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/27847.
The challenge of accessing affordable healthcare services in the developing countries prompted the promotion of community-based health insurance (CBHI) as an effective alternative. CBHI has been implemented in many countries of the South over the last three decades for the purpose of improving access and attaining universal health coverage. However, the sudden stoppage of a CBHI programme in rural Nigeria raised a lot of concerns about the suitability of the health financing scheme. Thus, this thesis examines the stoppage of the CBHI programme in rural Kwara, Nigeria. Premised on the health policy triangle as a conceptual framework, mixed methods approach was adopted for data collection. This involved 12 focus group discussions, 22 in-depth interviews, 32 key informant interviews and 1,583 questionaires. The study participants were community members, community leaders, healthcare providers, policymakers, international partner, health maintenance organisation officials and a researcher. Findings revealed that transnational actors relied on various resources (e.g. fund and ‘expertise’) and formed alliances with local actors to drive the introduction of the programme. As such, the design and implementation of the policy were dominated by international actors. Despite the sustainability challenges faced by the programme, the study found that it benefitted some of the enrolled community members. Though, even at the subsidised amount, enrolment premium was still a challenge for many. The main reasons for the stoppage of the programme are a paucity of fund and poor management. The stoppage of the programme, however, signified a point of reversal in the relative achievements recorded by the CBHI scheme because community members have deserted the healthcare facilities due to high costs of care. In view of these, the thesis notes that short-term policies often lead to temporary outcomes and suggests the need to repurpose the role of the state by introducing a long-term comprehensive healthcare policy – based on the reality of the nation – to provide equitable healthcare services for the citizenry irrespective of their capacity to pay.
Sociology
D. Phil. (Sociology)
Lin, Yi-Jun, and 林宜君. "A STUDY ON DEMANDS IN HOME HEALTH CARE AND COMMUNITY-BASED CARE OF LONG-TERM CARE INSURANCE." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/11830951126187169945.
銘傳大學
風險管理與保險學系碩士班
103
Due to the demand for Long term care has greatly increased, its urgent to promote Long term care system. Based on Ten-Year Plan for Long-term Care, the Long-term care insurance is expected to execute within a few years. This study based on Andersen behavioral model of health care utilization for analyzing the demand and recognition of the community-based care and home health care by sending questionnaires to the above 20 years-old citizens in Taipei. The study suggests that government should speed up the planning of long-term care insurance and commit to the development of community-based care and home health care, in order to achieve aging in place, maintaining independence and self-respect for the elderly. On the other hand, it can also assist people with disabilities in a better quality of life, and reduce the burden on the family with long-term care demands.