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KITLV, Redactie. "Book Reviews." New West Indian Guide / Nieuwe West-Indische Gids 75, no. 1-2 (2001): 123–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/13822373-90002561.
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-Virginia R. Dominguez, Louis A. Pérez, Jr., On becoming Cuban: Identity, nationality, and culture. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1999. xiv + 579 pp.-Solimar Otero, Kali Argyriadis, La religión à la Havane: Actualités des représentations et des pratiques culturelles havanaises. Paris: Éditions des Archives Contemporaines,1999. 373 pp.-Jane Desmond, Jane Blocker, Where is Ana Mendieta?: Identity, performativity, and exile. Durham NC: Duke University Press, 1999. xvi + 166 pp.-Richard Handler, Amílcar A. Barreto, Language, elites, and the state: Nationalism in Puerto Rico and Quebec. Westport CT: Praeger, 1998. x + 165 pp.-Juan Flores, Lillian Guerra, Popular expression and national identity in Puerto Rico: The struggle for self, community, and nation. Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 1998. xi + 332 pp.-Eileen J. Findlay, Rafael L. Ramírez, What it means to be a man: Reflections on Puerto Rican masculinity. New Brunswick NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1999. xv + 139 pp.-Arlene Torres, Eileen J. Suárez Findlay, Imposing decency: The politics of sexuality and race in Puerto Rico, 1870-1920. Durham NC: Duke University Press, 1999. xii + 316 pp.-Rita Giacalone, Humberto García Muñiz ,Fronteras en conflicto: Guerra contra las drogas, militarización y democracia en el Caribe, Puerto Rico y Vieques. San Juan: Red Caribeña de Geopolítica, Seguridad Regional y Relaciones Internacionales, afiliada al Proyecto AT-LANTEA, 1999. 211 pp., Jorge Rodríguez Beruff (eds)-Bonham C. Richardson, q , Polly Pattullo, Fire from the mountain: The tragedy of Monserrat and the betrayal of its people. London: Constable, 2000. xvii + 217 pp.-Aisha Khan, Gillon Aitken, Between father and son: Family letters. V.S. Naipaul. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2000. xi + 297 pp.-J. Michael Dash, Marie-Hélène Laforest, Diasporic encounters: Remapping the Caribbean. Naples Liguori, 2000. 271 pp.-Jeanne Garane, Renée Larrier, Francophone women writers of Africa and the Caribbean. Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2000. ix + 156 pp.-Julian Gerstin, Brenda F. Berrian, Awakening spaces: French Caribbean popular songs, music, and culture. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2000. xvi + 287 pp.-Halbert Barton, Steven Loza, Tito Puente and the making of Latin music. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1999. xvi + 258 pp.-Mark Moberg, Anne Sutherland, The making of Belize: Globalization in the margins. Westport CT: Bergin & Garvey, 1998. x + 203 pp.-Daniel A. Segal, Kevin K. Birth, 'Any time is Trinidad time' : Social meanings and temporal consciousness. Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 1999. xiv + 190 pp.-Samuel Martínez, Michele Wucker, Why the cocks fight: Dominicans, Haitians, and the struggle for Hispaniola. New York: Hill and Wang, 1999. xxi + 281 pp.-Paul E. Brodwin, Terry Rey, Our lady of class struggle: The cult of the virgin Mary in Haiti. Trenton NJ: Africa World Press, 1999. x + 362 pp.-Robert Fatton, Jr., Elizabeth D. Gibbons, Sanctions in Haiti: Human rights and democracy under assault. Westport CT: Praeger, with the Center for Strategic and International Studies, Washington DC, 1999. xviii + 138 pp.-Robert Fatton, Jr., David M. Malone, Decision-making in the UN security council: The case of Haiti, 1990-1997. Oxford: Clarendon, 1998. xxi + 322 pp.-James Sanders, César J. Ayala, American sugar kingdom: The plantation economy of the Spanish Caribbean, 1898-1934. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1999. xii + 321 pp.-James Sanders, Alan Dye, Cuban sugar in the age of mass production: Technology and the economics of the sugar central, 1899-1929. Stanford CA: Stanford University Press, 1998. xiii + 343 pp.-Linden Lewis, Richard Hart, Towards decolonisation: Political, labour and economic developments in Jamaica 1938-1945. Kingston: Canoe Press, 1999. xxii + 329 pp.-John Smolenski, John W. Pulis, Moving on: Black loyalists in the Afro-Atlantic world. New York: Garland, 1999. xxiv + 224 pp.-Rosemarijn Hoefte, Clem Seecharan, Bechu: 'Bound coolie' Radical in British Guiana 1894-1901. Kingston: University of the West Indies Press, 1999. x + 315 pp.-Bonno Thoden van Velzen, C.N. Dubelaar ,Het Afakaschrift van de Tapanahoni Rivier in Suriname. Utrecht: Thela Thesis, 1999. 183 pp., André R.M. Pakosie (eds)-Bonno Thoden van Velzen, André R.M. Pakosie, Gazon Matodja: Surinaams stamhoofd aan het einde van een tijdperk. Utrecht: Stichting Sabanapeti, 1999. 172 pp.-Geneviève Escure, Peter L. Patrick, Urban Jamaican Creole: Variation in the Mesolect. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 1999. xx + 331 pp.
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Hernandez-Delgado, Edwin A., Jeiger L. Medina-Muniz, Hernando Mattei, and Jose Norat-Ramirez. "Unsustainable Land Use, Sediment-Laden Runoff, and Chronic Raw Sewage Offset the Benefits of Coral Reef Ecosystems in a No-Take Marine Protected Area." Environmental Management and Sustainable Development 6, no. 2 (2017): 292. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/emsd.v6i2.10687.
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Unsustainable land uses may result in poor watershed management, increased soil erosion, poorly-planned urban development, increased runoff, and sewage pollution, creating an environmental stress gradient across coastal coral reefs. This study was aimed at: 1) Evaluating water quality within and outside the Canal Luis Peña Natural Reserve (CLPNR), Culebra Island, Puerto Rico; 2) Determining if there was any significant environmental stress gradient associated to land-based non-point source pollution; and 3) Characterizing shallow-water coral reef communities across the gradient. Strong gradient impacts associated to sediment-laden and nutrient-loaded runoff pulses, in combination with non-point raw sewage pulses, and sediment bedload, impacted coastal coral reefs. Water quality showed significant spatio-temporal fluctuations (p<0.0001), largely responding to heavy rainfall and subsequent runoff pulses. Benthic community structure showed significant spatial variation along the environmental stress gradient (p=0.0002). Macroalgae, dead coral surfaces, algal turf, and low coral species richness, species diversity index (H’c), and evenness (J’c) dominated benthic assemblages across reefs frequently impacted by runoff pulses and sediment bedload. The combination of fecal coliform and enterococci concentrations were correlated with variation in benthic community structure (Rho=0.668; p=0.0020). The combined variation in salinity, dissolved oxygen and enterococci concentrations explained 75% of the observed spatial variation in benthic assemblages (R2=0.7461; p=0.0400). Local human stressors affected coral reefs within no-take CLPNR and risk analyses suggest it may offset its ecological benefits. There is a need to design and implement integrated coastal-watershed management strategies to address multiple land use activities, including erosion-control best management practices, watershed reforestation, and sewage pollution control.
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Briskin, Emily A., Arnau Casanovas-Massana, Kyle R. Ryff, et al. "Seroprevalence, Risk Factors, and Rodent Reservoirs of Leptospirosis in an Urban Community of Puerto Rico, 2015." Journal of Infectious Diseases 220, no. 9 (2019): 1489–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiz339.
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Abstract Background The burden of leptospirosis in Puerto Rico remains unclear due to underreporting. Methods A cross-sectional survey and rodent trapping was performed in a community within San Juan, Puerto Rico to determine the seroprevalence and risk factors for Leptospira infection. The microscopic agglutination test was used to detect anti-Leptospira antibodies as a marker of previous infection. We evaluated Leptospira carriage by quantitative polymerase chain reaction among rodents trapped at the community site. Results Of 202 study participants, 55 (27.2%) had Leptospira agglutinating antibodies. Among the 55 seropositive individuals, antibodies were directed most frequently against serogroups Icterohaemorrhagiae (22.0%) and Autumnalis (10.6%). Of 18 captured rodents, 11 (61.1%) carried pathogenic Leptospira (Leptospira borgpetersenii, 7 and Leptospira interrogans, 2). Four participants showed their highest titer against an isolate obtained from a rodent (serogroup Ballum). Increasing household distance to the canal that runs through the community was associated with decreased risk of infection (odds ratio = 0.934 per 10-meter increase; 95% confidence interval, .952–.992). Conclusions There are high levels of Leptospira exposure in an urban setting in Puerto Rico, for which rodents may be an important reservoir for transmission. Our findings indicate that prevention should focus on mitigating risk posed by infrastructure deficiencies such as the canal.
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KITLV, Redactie. "Book Reviews." New West Indian Guide / Nieuwe West-Indische Gids 62, no. 1-2 (1988): 51–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/13822373-90002046.
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-Brenda Plummer, Carol S. Holzberg, Minorities and power in a black society: the Jewish community of Jamaica. Maryland: The North-South Publishing Company, Inc., 1987. xxx + 259 pp.-Scott Guggenheim, Nina S. de Friedemann ,De sol a sol: genesis, transformacion, y presencia de los negros en Colombia. Bogota: Planeta Columbiana Editorial, 1986. 47 1pp., Jaime Arocha (eds)-Brian L. Moore, Mary Noel Menezes, Scenes from the history of the Portuguese in Guyana. London: Sister M.N. Menezes, RSM, 1986. vii + 175 PP.-Charles Rutheiser, Brian L. Moore, Race, power, and social segmentation in colonial society: Guyana after slavery 1838-1891. New York; Gordon and Breach, 1987. 310 pp.-Thomas Fiehrer, Virginia R. Dominguez, White by definition: social classification in Creole Louisiana. Rutgers, New Jersey: Rutgers University Press, 1986. xviii + 325 pp.-Kenneth Lunn, Brian D. Jacobs, Black politics and urban crisis in Britain. Cambridge, London, New Rochelle, Melbourne and Sydney: Cambridge University Press, 1986. vii + 227 pp.-Brian D. Jacobs, Kenneth Lunn, Race and labour in twentieth-cenruty Britain, London: Frank Cass and Co. Ltd., 1985. 186 pp.-Kenneth M. Bilby, Dick Hebdige, Cut 'n' mix: culture, identity and Caribbean Music. New York: Metheun and Co. Ltd, 1987. 177 pp.-Riva Berleant-Schiller, Robert Dirks, The black saturnalia: conflict and its ritual expression on British West Indian slave plantations. Gainesville, Fl.: University of Florida Press, Monographs in Social Sciences No. 72. xvii + 228.-Marilyn Silverman, James Howe, The Kuna gathering: contemporary village politics in Panama. Austin, Texas: University of Texas Press, 1986. xvi + 326 pp.-Paget Henry, Evelyne Huber Stephens ,Democratic socialism in Jamaica: the political movement and social transformation in dependent capitalism. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1985. xx + 423 pp., John D. Stephens (eds)-Bridget Brereton, Scott B. Macdonald, Trinidad and Tobago: democracy and development in the Caribbean. New York, Connecticut, London: Praeger Publishers, 1986. ix + 213 pp.-Brian L. Moore, Kempe Ronald Hope, Guyana: politics and development in an emergent socialist state. Oakville, New York, London: Mosaic Press, 1985, 136 pp.-Roland I. Perusse, Richard J. Bloomfield, Puerto Rico: the search for a national policy. Boulder and London: Westview Press, Westview Special Studies on Latin America and the Caribbean, 1985. x + 192 pp.-Charles Gilman, Manfred Gorlach ,Focus on the Caribbean. 1986. Amsterdam/Philadelphia, John Benjamins., John A. Holm (eds)-Viranjini Munasinghe, EPICA, The Caribbean: survival, struggle and sovereignty. Washington, EPICA (Ecumenical Program for Interamerican Communication and Action), 1985.-B.W. Higman, Sidney W. Mintz, Sweetness and power: the place of sugar in modern history. New York: Elisabeth Sifton Books, Viking Penguin Inc., 1985. xxx + 274 pp.
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Susser, Ida. "Union Carbide and the Community Surrounding it: The Case of a Community in Puerto Rico." International Journal of Health Services 15, no. 4 (1985): 561–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/8eyj-33ak-bhf2-gya4.
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Based on fieldwork in Puerto Rico, this article examines the views on health hazards of residents in a semi-rural community in relation to the influx of industrial development since the early 1970s. It is suggested that “folk” terminology and particular aspects of Puerto Rican culture are less significant in this instance than many studies in medical anthropology suggest. The focus is on the emergence of a protest movement concerned with health problems which community residents and workers attribute to a nearby Union Carbide factory. Residents of El Ingenio, Yabucoa, Puerto Rico, have brought a law suit against Union Carbide and, the management of the plant has attempted to dispel the conflict. The article argues that health concerns of residents, industrial workers, and plant management cannot be interpreted without taking into account problems of unemployment, political affiliations, and company policies and their impact over time.
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Wolff, Patrick J., Brett A. DeGregorio, Victor Rodriguez-Cruz, Eneilis Mulero-Oliveras, and Jinelle H. Sperry. "Bird Community Assemblage and Distribution in a Tropical, Urban Ecosystem of Puerto Rico." Tropical Conservation Science 11 (January 2018): 194008291875477. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1940082918754777.
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Rudel, Thomas K., and Deborah Berman Santana. "Kicking off the Bootstraps: Environment, Development, and Community Power in Puerto Rico." Geographical Review 87, no. 4 (1997): 570. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/215241.
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Torres-Valcárcel, Ángel, Jonathan Harbor, Cesar González-Avilés, and Ana Torres-Valcárcel. "Impacts of Urban Development on Precipitation in the Tropical Maritime Climate of Puerto Rico." Climate 2, no. 2 (2014): 47–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cli2020047.
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Hayward, R. Anna, Zachary Morris, Yamirelis Otero Ramos, and Alejandro Silva Díaz. "“Todo ha sido a pulmón”: Community organizing after disaster in Puerto Rico." Journal of Community Practice 27, no. 3-4 (2019): 249–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10705422.2019.1649776.
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August, Euna M., Jackie Rosenthal, Ruben Torrez, et al. "Community Understanding of Contraception During the Zika Virus Outbreak in Puerto Rico." Health Promotion Practice 21, no. 1 (2019): 133–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1524839919850764.
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In response to the Zika virus outbreak in Puerto Rico (2015-2016), the Zika Contraception Access Network (Z-CAN) was established to provide same-day access to the full range of reversible contraception at no cost to women. Formative research was conducted to inform the development of a communication campaign about Z-CAN. Ten focus groups with women and men, aged 18 to 49 years, in Puerto Rico were conducted to collect data on contraception awareness, use, and decision making during the Zika outbreak, as well as culturally appropriate messaging and outreach strategies. Thematic analysis was conducted using the constant comparative method. Data showed that there was community awareness regarding Zika in Puerto Rico. However, it was not a motivating factor in contraception decision making; instead, economic factors were the major drivers. Most participants preferred to receive information on contraception, potential side effects, and where to access contraceptive services via Internet-based channels and health care providers. Based on these findings, the Ante La Duda, Pregunta [When in Doubt, Ask] campaign was launched to promote awareness of Z-CAN services among those who chose to prevent pregnancy during the Zika outbreak. Our results underscore the importance of conducting formative research to develop communication initiatives, while also demonstrating that it is feasible to perform these activities as part of an emergency response.
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Thompson, Donald. "Film Music and Community Development in Rural Puerto Rico: The DIVEDCO Program (1948-91)." Latin American Music Review 26, no. 1 (2005): 102–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/lat.2005.0010.
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Sánchez Celada, Miguel Angel. "Evolución urbana de Ponce (Puerto Rico), según la cartografía histórica = Urban Evolution of Ponce (Puerto Rico), According to the Historical Cartography." Espacio Tiempo y Forma. Serie VI, Geografía, no. 11 (September 25, 2018): 219. http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/etfvi.11.2018.20421.
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La ciudad de Ponce ha tenido un desarrollo histórico sui generis y paralelo a la ciudad capital de Puerto Rico, San Juan, atendiendo a la morfología del espacio físico-geográfico donde se encuentra la misma. Toda la información recopilada y levantada para el presente artículo proviene del proyecto de investigación de Tesis de Doctorado sobre impactos causados por el turismo en las ciudades históricas de Ponce y San Juan e impactos causados en estos espacios por los eventos meteorológicos extremos. Las ciudades contemporáneas son una yuxtaposición entre lo contemporáneo y lo antiguo, entre la modernidad y la tradicionalidad, una realidad donde se superponen paisajes que responden a modelos urbanísticos distintos. Los espacios urbanos son un arreglo que varía en dependencia de la cultura y de la época, las ciudades están elaboradas y reelaboradas a partir de los que se aprecia y de cómo se aprecia al contemplar un espacio determinado, es una recreación de la realidad condicionada por la apreciación estética, las vivencias, el modo de vida o las carencias que se tengan en un momento determinado.El centro histórico de Ponce es un subsistema dentro de la ciudad, es la representación orgánica y completa de los subsistemas que la constituyen, es este el motivo del porqué analizando el crecimiento histórico desde todos los puntos de vista (desarrollo urbano, movilidad, comercio, espacios públicos, arquitectura), se puede descubrir el valor patrimonial intrínseco que posee, e incluye todas las propiedades comprendidas dentro del límite de la misma, lo que garantiza la morfología y la imagen urbana de dicha zona, añadiéndole el sector de la Playa y la Avenida de Hostos que une ambos centros urbanos. Ponce y su centro histórico han evolucionado y debe seguir evolucionando si quieren sobrevivir. La simbiosis de lo histórico con lo contemporáneo debe ser algo natural y no impostado, el centro histórico, así como los subsistemas que lo componen, debe ser aceptado como parte integral de la ciudad y no pretender manejarlo y entenderlo como un ente aislado. Su personalidad la tiene a partir de sus integralidad con el área metropolitana que lo contiene, y ver lo histórico y lo contemporáneo aisladamente siempre será en detrimento de la ciudad como un todo único e indivisible. The city of Ponce has had a historical development sui generis and parallel to the capital city of Puerto Rico, San Juan, attending to the morphology of the physical-geographic space where it is located. All the information gathered and raised for the present article comes from the project of investigation of Doctorate Thesis on impacts caused by the tourism in the historical cities of Ponce and San Juan and impacts caused in these spaces by the extreme meteorological events. Contemporary cities are a juxtaposition between the modern and the ancient, between modernity and tradition, a reality that overlaps landscapes that correspond to different urban models. Urban spaces are an arrangement that varies depending on culture and time, cities are re-elaborated from how it is appreciated when contemplating a certain space, is a recreation of reality conditioned by Aesthetic appreciation, experiences, mode of life or the shortcomings they have at any given time.The historical center of Ponce is a subsystem within the city, it is the organic and complete representation of the subsystems that constitute it, and so historical growth is analyzed from all points of view (urbanism, mobility, commerce, public spaces, Architecture). It is possible to discover the intrinsic heritage value that it possesses, which guarantees the morphology and the urban image of that area, adding the sector of the Beach and the Avenue of Hostos that unites both urban centers. Ponce and its historical center have evolved and should continue to evolve if they want to survive. The symbiosis between the historical and the contemporary must be natural and not imposed, the historical center, as well as the subsystems that compose it, must be accepted as an integral part of the city and not try to manage it and understand it as something isolated. Its personality has it from its integrality with the metropolitan area that contains it, and seeing the historical and the contemporary in isolation will always be to the detriment of the city as a single and indivisible territory.
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Orellano Colon, Elsa M., Luna S. Lugo, Ivelisse Rivera Rodríguez, Natalia Valentín Carro, and Nelson Almodovar Arbelo. "3107 Understanding barriers to and facilitators of a healthy lifestyle of Hispanic adults with end stage renal disease in hemodialysis: Intensive Development and Experiences in Advancement of Research and Increased Opportunities (IDEARIO)." Journal of Clinical and Translational Science 3, s1 (2019): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cts.2019.360.
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OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: Physical inactivity and mineral imbalances greatly contribute to morbidity and mortality in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Barriers for engaging in physical activity and adhering to the hemodialysis diet have been reported predominantly with white participants from countries other than Puerto Rico. Therefore, this study’s aims were to explore the barriers and facilitators that Hispanic adults with end-stage renal disease encountered for engaging in physical activity and adhering to the hemodialysis diet. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Three focus groups were conducted among 19 adults living with ESRD who received services from a renal center in Puerto Rico. Sessions were recorded, transcribed, and coded first using inductive methods. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: The presence of fatigue, lack of acceptance of the renal condition, and lack of knowledge of appropriate exercises for patients in hemodialysis were the most frequently reported barriers to engage in physical activities. Cost of the renal diet, limited availability of the renal diet products, the restrictive nature and the lack of Puerto Rican taste of the renal diet, and inadequate educational materials were the most frequent barriers to adhere to the hemodialysis diet reported by the sample. The most commonly reported facilitators to engaging in physical activities were having a positive attitude, opportunities for group exercises, and listening to Hispanic music while exercising. Health benefits, family support, having financial resources, availability of community resources, and having willpower were the most commonly reported facilitators to adhere to the hemodialysis diet. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: We identified a number of culturally relevant individual, interpersonal, institutional, and community-related barriers and facilitators to physical activity and adherence to the hemodialysis diet in patients with ESRD living in Puerto Rico. Evidence-based solutions to overcome these barriers and strategies for enhancing these facilitators should be addressed in future studies aimed at increasing the level of physical activity and increasing adherence to the hemodialysis diet in patients with ESRD living in Puerto Rico.
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Govender, Yogani, Sandra Faría, Astrid Maldonado, Jean Manuel Sandoval, Carlos Báez Torres, and Rubén Estremera-Jiménez. "Citizen Science a Tool for Community Engagement in Parks with an Urban Dominating Landscapes in Puerto Rico." Modern Environmental Science and Engineering 2, no. 12 (2016): 815–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.15341/mese(2333-2581)/12.02.2016/008.
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Arbino, Daniel. "“The Gifts of the Hurricane:” Reimagining Post-María Puerto Rico through Comics." eTropic: electronic journal of studies in the Tropics 20, no. 2 (2021): 156–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.25120/etropic.20.2.2021.3815.
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Although the media framed Hurricanes Irma and María and their aftermath as a tragedy, and indeed it was, a small literary canon has emerged that explores the storms as an opportunity to rethink Puerto Rico’s future. The aftermath of the hurricanes impacted cultural production two-fold; by forcing writers to engage with climate change, while also rethinking the colonial relationship that Puerto Rico has with the United States. Looking specifically at selections from English- and Spanish-language comic anthologies Ricanstruction (2018), Puerto Rico Strong (2018) and Nublado: Escombros de María (2018) as well as single-author graphic novels like María and Temporada (2019), I explore how authors used Hurricane María as a catalyst to reimagine and recreate a more autonomous future for the island through decolonial imaginaries, a notion laid out by Emma Pérez. Despite their different approaches to Puerto Rico’s future, the comics’ commonality lies in counter-narratives that espouse community values, indigeneity, innovation, and reclamation of nature as a means to confront hardship. Together they produce alternative modalities for transcending the vulnerabilities of debilitating disasters brought on by climate change. They offer a return to pre-colonial values combined with new technologies to empower the island to break from the United States and withstand future storms.
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Ramos-Zayas, Ana. "Symposium: Nationalist Ideologies, Neighborhood-Based Activism, and Educational Spaces in Puerto Rican Chicago." Harvard Educational Review 68, no. 2 (1998): 164–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.17763/haer.68.2.nx621g52t140k527.
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In this article, Ana Ramos-Zayas argues that schooling cannot be divorced from the political and socioeconomic forces governing neighborhood development. She focuses on the role of grassroots activists with a nationalist agenda (i.e., in favor of independence for Puerto Rico) in community-based educational projects in Chicago, particularly the Pedro Albizu Campos High School (PACHS), a compelling example of the potential of an educational project based on a nationalist ideology. For Puerto Ricans, the question of the political status of the Island—future U.S. state, commonwealth, or independent nation—has been debated for the past one hundred years. For the students and teachers of PACHS, independence, and an education based on the principles of Puerto Rican self-determination, is the only option. Ramos-Zayas argues that an oppositional education based on such a political ideology is a powerful, yet largely untapped, resource for creating successful ethnoracial youth and popular education programs. She contends that, in a community considered among the poorest of the poor, where Puerto Rican youth continue to drop out of high school, join gangs, and experience the most inhuman consequences of poverty, such a successful social initiative must be considered carefully. She points out the irony that this nationalist ideology—which encourages critical appraisal of U.S. policies toward Puerto Rico and of the ideology of the American Dream—actually encourages high school students to pursue mainstream mobility routes, such as abandoning gangs, finishing high school, and enrolling in college. The powerful, positive presence nationalist activism among Chicago Puerto Ricans is undeniable, as is the sense of hope and possibility that students and barrio residents experience at Pedro Albizu Campos High School and other community development projects in Chicago.
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Yee, Susan Harrell. "Contributions of Ecosystem Services to Human Well-Being in Puerto Rico." Sustainability 12, no. 22 (2020): 9625. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12229625.
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Ecosystem services, including availability of greenspace, clean air, and clean water, can have benefits to human well-being, but their relative importance compared to economic or social services is often overlooked. In Puerto Rico, for example, improving community well-being, including economic and cultural opportunities, human health, and safety, are often overarching goals of environmental management decisions, but the degree to which improvements in ecological condition and provision of ecosystem services could impact local communities is complicated by wide variation in social and economic conditions. This study quantifies and maps neighborhood-scale indicators of human well-being and ecosystem services for Puerto Rico to better understand the degree to which ecosystem services provisioning, alongside co-occurring social and economic services, explains variability in a number of indicators of human well-being. In Puerto Rico, variability in indicators of human well-being were predominately explained by economic services related to accumulating income and personal savings, and social services, including availability of family services, healthcare services, and access to communication technology. Despite the large explanatory power of economic and social services, however, the analysis detected that substantial portions of well-being, in particular education and human health, could be explained by variability in ecosystem services over space and time, especially availability of greenspace. Linking ecosystem services to multivariate elements of human well-being can serve to complement more traditional community planning or environmental management efforts by helping identify potential unintended consequences or overlooked benefits of decisions.
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Acevedo, Miguel A., and T. Mitchell Aide. "Bird Community Dynamics and Habitat Associations in Karst, Mangrove andPterocarpusForest Fragments in an Urban Zone in Puerto Rico." Caribbean Journal of Science 44, no. 3 (2008): 402–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.18475/cjos.v44i3.a15.
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Morales-Cruz, Myrta. "“No me des el pescado, enséñame a pescar” “Do not hand me fish, teach me how to fish” Community Lawyering in Puerto Rico: Promoting empowerment and self-help." International Journal of Clinical Legal Education 12 (July 18, 2014): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.19164/ijcle.v12i0.71.
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<p>Law 232 of August 27, 2004 has a special meaning to the people residing in some of Puerto Rico's poorest communities. It was the result of the hard work, during a period of a year and a half, of leaders from some of these communities and my students, the students of the community development section of the Legal Aid Clinic of the University of Puerto Rico’s School of Law. The story of Law 232 can provide insight into what the role of a lawyer can be in the battle against poverty. To understand the story of this Puerto Rican law, one has to go back to August of 2002. During that month the University of Puerto Rico's School of Law Legal Aid Clinic inaugurated its community development section.</p>
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Hopken, Matthew W., Limarie J. Reyes-Torres, Nicole Scavo, et al. "Temporal and Spatial Blood Feeding Patterns of Urban Mosquitoes in the San Juan Metropolitan Area, Puerto Rico." Insects 12, no. 2 (2021): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects12020129.
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Urban ecosystems are a patchwork of habitats that host a broad diversity of animal species. Insects comprise a large portion of urban biodiversity which includes many pest species, including those that transmit pathogens. Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) inhabit urban environments and rely on sympatric vertebrate species to complete their life cycles, and in this process transmit pathogens to animals and humans. Given that mosquitoes feed upon vertebrates, they can also act as efficient samplers that facilitate detection of vertebrate species that utilize urban ecosystems. In this study, we analyzed DNA extracted from mosquito blood meals collected temporally in multiple neighborhoods of the San Juan Metropolitan Area, Puerto Rico to evaluate the presence of vertebrate fauna. DNA was collected from 604 individual mosquitoes that represented two common urban species, Culex quinquefasciatus (n = 586) and Aedes aegypti (n = 18). Culex quinquefasciatus fed on 17 avian taxa (81.2% of blood meals), seven mammalian taxa (17.9%), and one reptilian taxon (0.85%). Domestic chickens dominated these blood meals both temporally and spatially, and no statistically significant shift from birds to mammals was detected. Aedes aegypti blood meals were from a less diverse group, with two avian taxa (11.1%) and three mammalian taxa (88.9%) identified. The blood meals we identified provided a snapshot of the vertebrate community in the San Juan Metropolitan Area and have potential implications for vector-borne pathogen transmission.
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Barone, John A., John Thomlinson, Pedro Anglada Cordero, and Jess K. Zimmerman. "Metacommunity structure of tropical forest along an elevation gradient in Puerto Rico." Journal of Tropical Ecology 24, no. 05 (2008): 525–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467408005208.
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Abstract:The development of metacommunity theory, which suggests that the diversity and composition of communities is influenced by interactions with other communities, has produced new tools for evaluating patterns of community change along environmental gradients. These techniques were used to examine how plant communities changed along elevation gradients in montane tropical forests. Two transects of 0.1-ha vegetation plots were established every 50 m in elevation in the mountains of eastern Puerto Rico. The transects ranged from 300 m to 1000 m asl and 400 m to 900 m. In each plot, all free-standing woody stems greater than 1 cm in diameter at 130 cm in height were marked, measured and identified. Additional data on three similar transects were taken from the literature. The upper or lower boundaries of species ranges were significantly clumped along all five transects. Coherence, a measure of the number of gaps in species distributions, was also significant across all transects, and three transects showed significant, albeit low, nestedness. Four sites had significant species turnover. These results suggest that metacommunity techniques can be useful in searching for patterns of community change present in montane tropical forests.
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Martinuzzi, Sebastián, William A. Gould, and Olga M. Ramos González. "Land development, land use, and urban sprawl in Puerto Rico integrating remote sensing and population census data." Landscape and Urban Planning 79, no. 3-4 (2007): 288–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2006.02.014.
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García López, Gustavo A., Irina Velicu, and Giacomo D’Alisa. "Performing Counter-Hegemonic Common(s) Senses: Rearticulating Democracy, Community and Forests in Puerto Rico." Capitalism Nature Socialism 28, no. 3 (2017): 88–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10455752.2017.1321026.
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Suárez Carrasquillo, Carlos A. "Gated communities and city marketing: Recent trends in Guaynabo, Puerto Rico." Cities 28, no. 5 (2011): 444–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2011.05.009.
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Misenheimer, John, Clay Nelson, Evelyn Huertas, Myriam Medina-Vera, Alex Prevatte, and Karen Bradham. "Total and Bioaccessible Soil Arsenic and Lead Levels and Plant Uptake in Three Urban Community Gardens in Puerto Rico." Geosciences 8, no. 2 (2018): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences8020043.
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Torres, Marie, Alfonso Martinez-Taboas, Coralee Perez-Pedrogo, and Marisol Pena-Orellana. "3121 Potentially traumatic events and its outcomes among help-seeking adults in Puerto Rico." Journal of Clinical and Translational Science 3, s1 (2019): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cts.2019.121.
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OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: This study aims to evaluate potentially traumatic events (PTEs) and its relationship with posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS), posttraumatic growth (PTG), and resilience in a sample of help-seeking individuals in Puerto Rico. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: This is an analytic, cross sectional design. Adults receiving health services will participate in the study. Recruited participants will provide informed consent during a visit to a community mental health clinic or community hospital. They will complete a demographic document and four retrospective questionnaires about the variables of study. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: We expect that a high rate of potentially traumatic events (PTEs) is associated with an increased rate of posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS). We also expect that a high rate of PTSS is associated with an increased rate of posttraumatic growth (PTG). We expect that a high rate of resilience is associated with low rates of PTSS and PTG. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: This is a first step in the development of effective, clearly targeted interventions, specifically designed to treat negative effects, and also to facilitate positive change and resilience after PTE exposure.
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Gannotti, Mary E., W. Penn Handwerker, Nora Ellen Groce, and Cynthia Cruz. "Sociocultural Influences on Disability Status in Puerto Rican Children." Physical Therapy 81, no. 9 (2001): 1512–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ptj/81.9.1512.
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AbstractBackground and Purpose. This article describes culturally defined meanings of childhood function and disability in Puerto Rico to provide a context for the interpretation of test scores from the Spanish translation of the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory (PEDI). Subjects and Methods. More than 600 Puerto Rican teachers, parents and caregivers of children with and without disabilities, and members of the general community participated in ethnographic interviews, which were designed to describe their beliefs, attitudes, and knowledge about childhood function and disability. Results. Qualitative and quantitative data analysis confirmed that differences exist between Puerto Ricans and the norms established in the United States for the performance of functional skills by children, and the analysis also described Puerto Rican beliefs and attitudes toward disability. Discussion and Conclusion. Puerto Rican values of interdependence, añoñar (pampering or nurturing behaviors), and sobre protectiva (overprotectiveness) influence parental expectations for the capability of children with disabilities and should be considered when interpreting scores from the PEDI and establishing plans of care. Additional research is needed on the influence of contextual variables on child development and behavioral adaptations to disability.
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Oakley-Browne, Mark A., Peter R. Joyce, J. Elisabeth Wells, John A. Bushnell, and Andrew R. Hornblow. "Christchurch Psychiatric Epidemiology Study, Part II: Six Month and other Period Prevalences of Specific Psychiatric Disorders." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 23, no. 3 (1989): 327–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00048678909068290.
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The Christchurch Psychiatric Epidemiology Study determined the occurrence (over 2 weeks, 1 month, 6 months, 12 months and life-time) of a number of specific DWDSM-III psychiatric diagnoses in the Christchurch urban area. Data were collected on 1498 randomly selected adults, aged between 18 and 64 years. The Diagnostic interview Schedule (DIS) was used to collect information to make a DSM-III diagnosis. The six month prevalence rates of disorder are presented and compared with available results from the NlMH Epidemiological Catchment Area Program, Puerto Rico and Edmonton. Other period prevalences for the total sample are also presented. Christchurch is shown to have higher six month prevalence rates for major depression and alcohol abuse/dependence than other sites which have utilised the DIS in community surveys.
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Davis, Diane E., and José Carlos Fernández. "Collective Property Rights and Social Citizenship: Recent Trends in Urban Latin America." Social Policy and Society 19, no. 2 (2019): 319–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474746419000459.
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This article argues that efforts to implement collective property ownership via community land trusts (CLTs) in Latin America can be seen as a viable means for reducing socio-spatial inequalities, strengthening the urban poor’s ‘right to the city,’ and enabling more substantive social citizenship. It begins by arguing that, in Latin America, market models intended to strengthen individual property rights can increase urban inequality and spatial exclusion. It then examines recent measures undertaken to reverse the negative impacts of these patterns, focusing explicitly on the adoption of CLTs and how they serve as a means for strengthening urban citizenship. After highlighting the fact that CLTs have proliferated in the US and Europe but not Latin America, we explain how and why a few Latin American countries have nonetheless embraced CLTs. Building on deeper analysis of two cases in the region, Puerto Rico and Brazil, we show that despite the legal and governance constraints of Latin American cities, CLTs can materialise when local authorities join with citizens to embrace these models.
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Oakley-Browne, Mark A., Peter R. Joyce, J. Elisabeth Wells, John A. Bushnell, and Andrew R. Hornblow. "Christchurch Psychiatric Epidemiology Study, Part II: Six Month and Other Period Prevalences of Specific Psychiatric Disorders." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 23, no. 3 (1989): 327–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000486748902300319.
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The Christchurch Psychiatric Epidemiology Study determined the occurrence (over 2 weeks, 1 month, 6 months, 12 months and life-time) of a number of specific DIS/DSM-III psychiatric diagnoses in the Christchurch urban area. Data were collected on 1498 randomly selected adults, aged between 18 and 64 years. The Diagnostic Interview Schedule (DIS) was used to collect information to make a DSM-III diagnosis. The six month prevalence rates of disorder are presented and compared with available results from the NIMH Epidemiological Catchment Area Program, Puerto Rico and Edmonton. Other period prevalences for the total sample are also presented. Christchurch is shown to have higher six month prevalence rates for major depression and alcohol abuse/dependence than other sites which have utilised the DIS in community surveys.
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Luque Azcona, Emilio José. "Management and transformation of urban spaces in San Juan de Puerto Rico during the government of Miguel de la Torre (1823-1837)." Culture & History Digital Journal 9, no. 2 (2020): e021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/chdj.2020.021.
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This article analyses aspects related to the development of the paving, lighting, sewerage and cleaning of streets and squares in the city of San Juan de Puerto Rico, during Miguel de la Torre’s government of the island (1823-1837). With this research we intend to offer a new and complementary view to the existing one on the management of this governor, who, along with the Cabildo, had powers in these matters, while at the same time deepening the analysis of the urban history of the city of San Juan for that period. The information on the experience that other relevant urban centers of the period, such as Madrid, Mexico or Havana, had in this type of actions is also included, with the purpose of contextualizing both the measures applied and their scope.
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Torres-Cintrón, Mariela, Margarita Irizarry-Ramírez, and Harold Saavedra. "98729 Professional Development Core of the Hispanic Alliance for Clinical and Translational Research: a scientific productivity catalyst for underrepresented minorities (URM) in Clinical and Translational Research (CTR)." Journal of Clinical and Translational Science 5, s1 (2021): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cts.2021.570.
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ABSTRACT IMPACT: The Hispanic Alliance for Clinical and Translational Research Professional Development Core (PDC) will contribute to the improvement of the health of an increasing US Hispanic population, by supporting and training a new cadre of Hispanic/Latino CTR researchers and community leaders that understand this population’s prevalent health needs. OBJECTIVES/GOALS: To use the Professional Development Core (PDC) of the Hispanic Alliance for Clinical and Translational Research (Alliance) as a hub that coordinates training, mentoring programs, and grant support to address the need for more underrepresented minorities (URM) in clinical and translational research and mentoring. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: PDC will: (1). Coordinate and offer an effective educational program based for new and mid-career researchers to address the gaps in research competencies on Hispanic/Latino health and healthcare through web-based asynchronous distance training, enhanced with face-to-face interactions. (2). Establish a robust mentoring program to address the mentoring gap for URM faculty by developing mentorship skills of faculty and researchers through a variety of resources, and offering protected time to mentor-mentee teams. (3). Design and implement a tailor-made curriculum to train scientists and community partners jointly, enabling them to carry out multidisciplinary research responsive to the Hispanic/Latino community health’s needs. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: From 2010 to 2019 the PDC supported over 1,000 researchers and faculty and provided 52 activities over the 9 years. PDC-supported researchers submitted 56 proposals and 21 grants (37.5.%) were awarded, for a total of $2, 225,751.00, and to published 94 peer-review papers. We expect that through Alliance PDC will sponsor at least 20 new trainees/mentees in Clinical and Translational Research (CTR), 20 new certified mentors, a continuous support program, and an increase of 30% in the scientific productivity (e.g., grants submission and peer-reviewed publications) of the Hispanic CTRs in Puerto Rico and the establishment of long-term links with the Hispanic community in Puerto Rico and across the United States to address its health needs. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF FINDINGS: The PDC programs are significant in addressing the need for qualified researchers and mentors that understand, have the know-how, and are interested in addressing the health needs of a growing USA Hispanic medically underserved population.
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Bouldin, Erin, Jo-Ana Chase, Christina Miyawaki, et al. "Unmet Home- and Community-Based Service Needs Among Informal Caregivers in Rural and Urban Areas." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (2020): 514. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.1659.
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Abstract Home- and community-based services (HCBS) can reduce caregiver burden. We compared the prevalence of HCBS unmet needs among caregivers in rural and urban areas and identified factors associated with unmet HCBS needs. We used 2015-2018 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data, including the optional Caregiver Module, from 44 states, District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico. Caregivers were individuals providing care/assistance to a friend/family member with a long-term illness/disability during the past 30 days. Unmet needs were defined as needing, but not receiving, one or more of the following: caregiving classes, help accessing services, support groups, individual counseling, or respite care. “Rural” was defined as living outside Metropolitan Statistical Areas (available only for landline respondents). We calculated weighted estimates and used log-binomial regression to estimate adjusted prevalence ratios (PR). 19% of 25,180 caregivers lived in a rural area. Rural caregivers were less likely to report unmet HCBS needs (14.4% versus 20.6% urban, p&lt;0.001), even after accounting for sociodemographic and caregiving characteristics (PR=0.81, 95% CI: 0.65-0.99, p=0.040). Unmet needs were more common among caregivers who provided more care, personal care, or care for someone with Alzheimer’s disease/dementia, regardless of rural residence. Although rural individuals can experience more barriers to accessing health services, rural caregivers in our study reported fewer unmet HCBS needs than urban caregivers. Additional research is needed to determine if stronger systems of informal support in rural areas may explain this difference. Further investigation of factors contributing to differences in unmet service needs among rural and urban caregivers is needed.
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Humphrey, John. "Are the Unemployed Part of the Urban Poverty Problem in Latin America?" Journal of Latin American Studies 26, no. 3 (1994): 713–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022216x00008579.
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For a long period, the consensus in development studies argued that the unemployed in urban areas were not part of the poverty problem. It was argued in the 1970s that open unemployment in developing countries was not, in general, a serious social problem. This was not because rates of open unemployment were low in urban areas – Turnham cited open unemployment rates in urban areas of over ten per cent for countries as diverse as Ghana, Guyana, Panama, Puerto Rico, Ceylon (Sri Lanka), Korea and the Philippines. Rather, it was argued that the unemployed were not poor. They were predominantly the relatively well-educated young, who were waiting to find good jobs, or migrants ‘queuing’ for work in the formal sector, or people temporarily out of work as they moved from one job to another. The urban informal sector or agriculture would provide jobs for those really needing work. Therefore, the ‘needy’ would not remain in open unemployment for long. Long periods of open unemployment would be luxury, available only to the better-off.
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KITLV, Redactie. "Book Reviews." New West Indian Guide / Nieuwe West-Indische Gids 73, no. 1-2 (1999): 121–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/13822373-90002590.
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-Charles V. Carnegie, W. Jeffrey Bolster, Black Jacks: African American Seamen in the age of sail. Cambridge MA: Harvard University Press, 1997. xiv + 310 pp.-Stanley L. Engerman, Wim Klooster, Illicit Riches: Dutch trade in the Caribbean, 1648-1795. Leiden: KITLV Press, 1998. xiv + 283 pp.-Luis Martínez-Fernández, Emma Aurora Dávila Cox, Este inmenso comercio: Las relaciones mercantiles entre Puerto Rico y Gran Bretaña 1844-1898. San Juan: Editorial de la Universidad de Puerto Rico, 1996. xxi + 364 pp.-Félix V. Matos Rodríguez, Arturo Morales Carrión, Puerto Rico y la lucha por la hegomonía en el Caribe: Colonialismo y contrabando, siglos XVI-XVIII. San Juan: Editorial de la Universidad de Puerto Rico y Centro de Investigaciones Históricas, 1995. ix + 244 pp.-Herbert S. Klein, Patrick Manning, Slave trades, 1500-1800: Globalization of forced labour. Hampshire, U.K.: Variorum, 1996. xxxiv + 361 pp.-Jay R. Mandle, Kari Levitt ,The critical tradition of Caribbean political economy: The legacy of George Beckford. Kingston: Ian Randle, 1996. xxvi + 288., Michael Witter (eds)-Kevin Birth, Belal Ahmed ,The political economy of food and agriculture in the Caribbean. Kingston: Ian Randle; London: James Currey, 1996. xxi + 276 pp., Sultana Afroz (eds)-Sarah J. Mahler, Alejandro Portes ,The urban Caribbean: Transition to the new global economy. Baltimore: John Hopkins University Press, 1997. xvii + 260 pp., Carlos Dore-Cabral, Patricia Landolt (eds)-O. Nigel Bolland, Ray Kiely, The politics of labour and development in Trinidad. Barbados, Jamaica, Trinidad and Tobago: The Press University of the West Indies, 1996. iii + 218 pp.-Lynn M. Morgan, Aviva Chomsky, West Indian workers and the United Fruit Company in Costa Rica, 1870-1940. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1996. xiii + 302 pp.-Eileen J. Findlay, Maria del Carmen Baerga, Genero y trabajo: La industria de la aguja en Puerto Rico y el Caribe hispánico. San Juan: Editorial de la Universidad de Puerto Rico, 1993. xxvi + 321 pp.-Andrés Serbin, Jorge Rodríguez Beruff ,Security problems and policies in the post-cold war Caribbean. London: :Macmillan; New York: St. Martin's, 1996. 249 pp., Humberto García Muñiz (eds)-Alex Dupuy, Irwin P. Stotzky, Silencing the guns in Haiti: The promise of deliberative democracy. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1997. xvi + 294 pp.-Carrol F. Coates, Myriam J.A. Chancy, Framing silence: Revolutionary novels by Haitian women. New Brunswick NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1997. ix + 200 pp.-Havidán Rodríguez, Walter Díaz, Francisco L. Rivera-Batiz ,Island paradox: Puerto Rico in the 1990's. New York: Russel Sage Foundation, 1996. xi + 198 pp., Carlos E. Santiago (eds)-Ramona Hernández, Alan Cambeira, Quisqueya la Bella: The Dominican Republic in historical and cultural perspective. Armonk NY: M.E. Sharpe, 1996. xi + 272 pp.-Ramona Hernández, Emilio Betances ,The Dominican Republic today: Realities and perspectives. New York: Bildner Center for Western Hemisphere studies, CUNY, 1996. 205 pp., Hobart A. Spalding, Jr. (eds)-Bonham C. Richardson, Eberhard Bolay, The Dominican Republic: A country between rain forest and desert. Wekersheim, FRG: Margraf Verlag, 1997. 456 pp.-Virginia R. Dominguez, Patricia R. Pessar, A visa for a dream: Dominicans in the United States. Boston: Allyn and Bacon, 1995. xvi + 98 pp.-Diane Austin-Broos, Nicole Rodriguez Toulis, Believing identity: Pentecostalism and the mediation of Jamaican ethnicity and gender in England. Oxford NY: Berg, 1997. xv + 304 p.-Mary Chamberlain, Trevor A. Carmichael, Barbados: Thirty years of independence. Kingston: Ian Randle Publishers, 1996. xxxv + 294 pp.-Paul van Gelder, Gert Oostindie, Het paradijs overzee: De 'Nederlandse' Caraïben en Nederland. Amsterdam: Bert Bakker, 1997. 385 pp.-Roger D. Abrahams, Richard D.E. Burton, Afro-Creole: Power, Opposition, and Play in the Caribbean. Ithaca NY: Cornell University Press, 1997. x + 297 pp.-Roger D. Abrahams, Joseph Roach, Cities of the dead: Circum-Atlantic performance. New York NY: Columbia University Press, 1996. xiii + 328 pp.-George Mentore, Peter A. Roberts, From oral to literate culture: Colonial experience in the English West Indies. Kingston, Jamaica: The Press University of the West Indies, 1997. xii + 301 pp.-Emily A. Vogt, Howard Johnson ,The white minority in the Caribbean. Princeton NJ: Markus Wiener, 1998. xvi + 179 pp., Karl Watson (eds)-Virginia Heyer Young, Sheryl L. Lutjens, The state, bureaucracy, and the Cuban schools: Power and participation. Boulder CO: Westview Press, 1996. xiii + 239 pp.
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Venta, Enrique R. "Estimating A Residence-Employment Distribution: An Application Of The Double-Constrained Gravity Model." Journal of Applied Business Research (JABR) 2, no. 3 (2011): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jabr.v2i3.6576.
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A complex problem in socio-economic planning deals with the measurement of the interaction between zones or activity regions. This problem has received considerable attention in transportation, planning, economics and geography, and several types of analytical models have been developed. Several models are inspired by the assumption that the socio-economic forces governing the urban spatial location process behave in analogous ways to the physical interaction of bodies as described by Newtons gravitational law.In this work, a double constrained gravity model was used to estimate the interaction between geo-political zones due to resident labor population and employment opportunities. The work is part of a larger project which attempts to evaluate different industrial development strategies for the southwestern part of Puerto Rico.
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Rosa, Alessandra. "Student activists’ affective strategies during the 2010-2011 siege of the University of Puerto Rico." International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy 36, no. 11/12 (2016): 824–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijssp-12-2015-0149.
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Purpose On December 14, 2010, University of Puerto Rico (UPR) student activists initiated the second wave of their strike at a disadvantage. The presence of the police force inside the campus raised the stakes for the student movement. No longer did student activists have the “legal rights” or control of the university as a physical public space to hold their assemblies and coordinate their different events. As a result, student activists had to improvise and (re)construct their spaces of resistance by using emotional narratives, organizing non-violent civil disobedience acts at public places, fomenting lobbying groups, disseminating online petitions, and developing alternative proposals to the compulsory fee. This second wave continued until March 2011, when it came to a halt after an incident that involved physical harassment to the Chancellor, Ana Guadalupe, during one of the student demonstrations. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach Building on Ron Eyerman’s (2005, p. 53) analysis on “the role of emotions in social movements with the aid of performance theory,” the author center this paper on examining student activists’ tactics and strategies in the development and maintenance of their emotional narratives and internet activism. By adapting Joshua Atkinson’s (2010) concept of resistance performance, the author argues that student activists’ resistance performances assisted them in (re)framing their collective identities by (re)constructing spaces of resistance and contention while immersed in violent confrontations with the police. Findings Ever since the establishment of the university as an institution, student activism has played a key role in shaping the political policies and history of many countries; “today, student actions continue to have direct effects on educational institutions and on national and international politics” (Edelman, 2001, p. 3). Consequently, and especially in times of economic and political crisis, student activism has occupied and constructed spaces of resistance and contention to protest and reveal the existing repressions of neoliberal governments serving as a (re)emergence of an international social movement to guarantee the accessibility to a public higher education of excellence. Thus, it is important to remember that the 2010-2011 UPR student activism’s success should not be measured by the sum of demands granted, but rather by the sense of community achieved and the establishment of social networks that have continued to create resistance and change in the island. Originality/value As of yet there is no thorough published analysis of the 2010-2011 UPR student strike, its implications, and how the university community currently perceives it. By elaborating on the concept of resistance performance, the author’s study illustrates how both traditional and alternative media (re)presentations of student activism can develop, maintain, adjust, or change the students’ collective identity(ies). The author’s work not only makes Puerto Rico visible in the research concerning social movements, student activism, and internet activism; in addition, it provides resistance performance as a concept to describe various degrees of participation in current social movements.
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Amaro-Rivera, Kiara, and Elena Carbone. "Determinants of Fast Food Consumption Among Puerto Rican Adults Living in a Rural Community." Current Developments in Nutrition 4, Supplement_2 (2020): 503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzaa046_003.
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Abstract Objectives The aim of this study was to explore the association between fast food consumption, sociodemographic and health-related variables among adults living in a small rural community in Puerto Rico. Methods This study was cross-sectional. A researcher-designed questionnaire was distributed to every household in the community. A multivariable logistic regression was conducted to examine the association between fast food consumption (&lt;1 or ≥1 time/week), and the following independent variables: age; gender; education; poverty level estimate; employment status; weight status; self-rated health; self-perceived diet quality; self-perceived weight status; currently trying to lose weight; fruit, non-starchy vegetables, starchy vegetables, and sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) intake; physical activity; and recreational screen time. Results A total of 195 adults aged ≥18 years participated in this study. Of these, 53.1% were female, 53.1% completed more than high school, 45.4% were employed, 28.7% were overweight and 32.3% were obese. Over one-third (34.9%) of participants reported consuming fast food ≥1 time/week. Eating fast food ≥1 time/week was associated with ages 35–49 years (OR = 0.38, 95% CI: 0.16–0.94) and ≥50 years (OR = 0.09, 95% CI: 0.03–0.32) as compared to being 18–34 years old; being unemployed/homemaker/disabled (OR = 0.24, 95% CI: 0.08–0.73) as compared to being employed; being obese (OR = 3.17, 95% CI: 1.02–9.85) as compared to being under/normal weight; currently trying to lose weight (OR = 3.00, 95% CI: 1.31–6.88) as compared to those not trying to lose weight; eating fewer than 1 cup of non-starchy vegetables daily (OR = 0.39 95% CI: 0.16–0.93) as compared to those who eat ≥1cup daily; and drinking SSB ≥1 times daily (OR = 3.80 95% CI: 1.50–9.60) as compared to those who drink SSB less than once daily in the adjusted model. Conclusions Fast food consumption was associated with older age, employment, obesity, trying to lose weight, and intake of non-starchy vegetables and SSB in our sample. Future research should examine the relationship between fast food consumption and diet quality among those living in rural communities, as previous research has shown that Puerto Ricans living in urban areas are undergoing a nutrition transition to lower quality diets. Funding Sources The authors received no financial support for this research.
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Ramsey, Molly M., Tischa A. Muñoz-Erickson, Elvia Mélendez-Ackerman, Christopher J. Nytch, Benjamin L. Branoff, and David Carrasquillo-Medrano. "Overcoming barriers to knowledge integration for urban resilience: A knowledge systems analysis of two-flood prone communities in San Juan, Puerto Rico." Environmental Science & Policy 99 (September 2019): 48–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2019.04.013.
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Ramos-Zayas, Ana Y. "‘Sovereign Parenting’ in Affluent Latin American Neighbourhoods: Race and the Politics of Childcare in Ipanema (Brazil) and El Condado (Puerto Rico)." Journal of Latin American Studies 51, no. 03 (2019): 639–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022216x18001074.
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AbstractDrawing on ethnographic research conducted among parents living in the affluent neighbourhoods of Ipanema, Brazil, and El Condado, Puerto Rico, I examine how urban Latin American elites deployed their parenting practices as moral justification for their racial and class privilege (what I call ‘sovereign parenting’). One way in which they do this is by producing particular forms of affective relationships with their nannies. The women these upper-class parents hired were largely dark-skinned immigrants: from the Dominican Republic, to work in El Condado, and from the Brazilian Northeast, to work in Ipanema. I demonstrate how elites cultivated a form of ‘informality’ and expressions of care in relation to childcare workers in ways that not only produced whiteness as a pillar of Latin American liberalism, but also associated whiteness with the world of interiority and personal growth.
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Charles, Jenneil. "Colorism and the Afro-Latinx Experience: A Review of the Literature." Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences 43, no. 1-2 (2021): 8–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/07399863211027378.
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Using Bronfenbrenner’s Social Ecological Model, this systematic critical literature review investigated factors that contributed to the development of colorism, as well as the effects of colorism on Afro-Latinx persons, in Brazil, Mexico, and Puerto Rico, and the wider Latin American region. Agencies within the macrosystem and chronosystem were used to investigate factors involved in instituting colorism in Latin America. Constituents of the microsystem and mesosystem were used to research the effects of colorism on Afro-Latinx persons. The development of colorism ideologies and practices in Latin America was largely due to the endorsement of laws, cultural values, and cultural beliefs that arose from the perceptions and interactions between the region’s main ethnic groups and the biases that emerged from these interactions during key eras throughout their history. It was found that several studies documented the de facto impact of colorism on the family, school, community, and professional lives of Afro-Latinx persons.
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Olivero-Lora, Sofia, Elvia Meléndez-Ackerman, Luis Santiago, Raúl Santiago-Bartolomei, and Diana García-Montiel. "Attitudes toward Residential Trees and Awareness of Tree Services and Disservices in a Tropical City." Sustainability 12, no. 1 (2019): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12010117.
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Attitudes toward urban residential trees and awareness of their ecosystem services and disservices may play an important role in management decisions of private residential green spaces with important consequences to urban sustainability. In 2011, 397 household surveys were conducted in six locations of the Río Piedras Watershed (San Juan, Puerto Rico) to evaluate residents’ attitudes toward residential and neighborhood trees and their association with household socio-demographic factors, how awareness of services and disservices relate to the spatial proximity of trees (home versus neighborhood), and whether attitudes are associated with yard management (tree abundance). Most residents self-reported positive attitudes toward trees in general and these appeared to be more frequent than self-reported negative attitudes. Respondents recognized more tree services (emphasizing shade, lower temperature, food, and ornamental/aesthetics) and fewer disservices (emphasizing maintenance hardship, property damage, and power line obstruction). Not all tree services and disservices were equally recognized, and differences in the spatial context of trees and residents may contribute to the variation in residents’ awareness of tree ecosystem services or disservices. Variation in positive attitudes partially explained the current variation in yard tree abundance, along with residents’ age, housing tenure, yard size, and watershed location. Results have direct implications for urban forest planning and management in residential contexts.
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Quiñones, Sandra. "“I Get to Give Back to the Community That Put Me Where I Am”: Examining the Experiences and Perspectives of Puerto Rican Teachers in Western New York." Urban Education 53, no. 5 (2016): 621–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042085915623336.
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To increase teacher diversity, a number of states have strategically invested in Grow Your Own (GYO) programs that recruit, support, and prepare underrepresented youth to teach in urban schools. Drawing from a mujerista lens, this qualitative research examines the experiences and perspectives of two homegrown Puerto Rican teachers in Western New York. The findings demonstrate how access to multiple opportunities and support networks positively shape their pathway into teaching. However, although a GYO program played an influential role, existing barriers undermine the systemic development of underrepresented youth for careers in urban education. Recommendations for research and practice are discussed.
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Maldonado, Julie, Itzel Flores Castillo Wang, Fred Eningowuk, et al. "Addressing the challenges of climate-driven community-led resettlement and site expansion: knowledge sharing, storytelling, healing, and collaborative coalition building." Journal of Environmental Studies and Sciences 11, no. 3 (2021): 294–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13412-021-00695-0.
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AbstractPresently coastal areas globally are becoming unviable, with people no longer able to maintain livelihoods and settlements due to, for example, increasing floods, storm surges, coastal erosion, and sea level rise, yet there exist significant policy obstacles and practical and regulatory challenges to community-led and community-wide responses. For many receiving support only at the individual level for relocation or other adaptive responses, individual and community harm is perpetuated through the loss of culture and identity incurred through forced assimilation policies. Often, challenges dealt to frontline communities are founded on centuries of injustices. Can these challenges of both norms and policies be addressed? Can we develop socially, culturally, environmentally, and economically just sustainable adaptation processes that supports community responses, maintenance and evolution of traditions, and rejuvenates regenerative life-supporting ecosystems? This article brings together Indigenous community leaders, knowledge-holders, and allied collaborators from Louisiana, Hawai‘i, Alaska, Borikén/Puerto Rico, and the Marshall Islands, to share their stories and lived experiences of the relocation and other adaptive challenges in their homelands and territories, the obstacles posed by the state or regional governments in community adaptation efforts, ideas for transforming the research paradigm from expecting communities to answer scientific questions to having scientists address community priorities, and the healing processes that communities are employing. The contributors are connected through the Rising Voices Center for Indigenous and Earth Sciences, which brings together Indigenous, tribal, and community leaders, atmospheric, social, biological, and ecological scientists, students, educators, and other experts, and facilitates intercultural, relational-based approaches for understanding and adapting to extreme weather and climate events, climate variability, and climate change.
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Thompson, Tess, Anne M. Roux, Patricia L. Kohl, Sonia Boyum, and Matthew W. Kreuter. "What would help low-income families? Results from a North American survey of 2-1-1 helpline professionals." Journal of Child Health Care 22, no. 4 (2018): 670–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1367493518777152.
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Almost half of young American children live in low-income families, many with unmet needs that negatively impact health and life outcomes. Understanding which needs, proactively addressed, would most improve their lives would allow maternal and child health practitioners and social service providers to generate collaborative solutions with the potential to affect health in childhood and throughout the life course. 2-1-1 referral helplines respond to over 16 million inquiries annually, including millions of low-income parents seeking resources. Because 2-1-1 staff members understand the availability of community resources, we conducted an online survey to determine which solutions staff believed held most potential to improve the lives of children in low-income families. Information and referral specialists, resource managers, and call center directors ( N = 471) from 44 states, Puerto Rico, and Canada ranked the needs of 2-1-1 callers with children based on which needs, if addressed, would help families most. Childcare (32%), parenting (29%), and child health/health care (23%) were rated most important. Across all childcare dimensions (e.g. quality affordable care, special needs care), over half of the respondents rated community resources inadequate. Findings will help practitioners develop screeners for needs assessment, prioritize resource referrals, and advocate for community resource development.
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Rivera Crespo, Omayra, Yazmín Crespo Claudio, and Irmaris Santiago Rodríguez. "Urbanismo de resistencia en Puerta de Tierra. II Workshop de Arquitecturas Colectivas." Bitácora Urbano Territorial 30, no. 1 (2020): 57–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/bitacora.v30n1.82541.
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El taller Creando sin Encargos, compuesto por profesoras de arquitectura, tiene como misión gestar proyectos que apoyen iniciativas de autogestión en comunidades en Puerto Rico. Con esto en mente, el II Workshop: Arquitecturas Colectivas en Puerta de Tierra, San Juan, apoya el trabajo de dos artistas, los residentes y líderes comunitarios que reaccionaron a los efectos del aburguesamiento de su comunidad, autodenominándose Brigada PDT. La Brigada rescató estructuras abandonadas limpiándolas y pintando murales con mensajes que claman por espacios públicos inclusivos. Como parte de un ejercicio de diseño participativo y construcción, los participantes del workshop, estudiantes de arquitectura y otras disciplinas, debían inspirarse en el trabajo de los artistas y en los actos cotidianos de los habitantes para intervenir una de las estructuras rescatadas y convertidas en la Plaza Vivero. En consecuencia, les correspondía subsanar las carencias en el espacio urbano que afectan estos actos. Tomando como punto de partida el placemaking, la intervención debía insertarse de manera orgánica como parte del entorno y el movimiento natural de transeúntes y residentes, pero convirtiéndose también en un ícono de urbanismo de resistencia a desarrollos que no corresponden a la realidad social del lugar.
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Campos-Cerqueira, Marconi, and T. Mitchell Aide. "Changes in the acoustic structure and composition along a tropical elevational gradient." Journal of Ecoacoustics 1, no. 1 (2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.22261/jea.pnco7i.
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Elevational gradients influence the distribution and composition of animal species and can provide useful information for the development of conservation strategies in the context of climate change. Despite an increase in studies of species diversity along elevational gradients, there is still a lack of information about community responses to environmental gradients, in part because of the logistical limitations of sampling multiple taxa simultaneously. One solution is to use passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) to acquire and analyze information from different animal taxa simultaneously along an entire elevational gradient. To improve our understanding of how environmental gradients influence patterns of animal communities and to test the relationship between soundscapes and animal composition we investigated how variation in bird and anuran composition affect the acoustic structure and composition of the soundscapes along an elevation gradient. We used PAM deploying portable acoustic recorders along three elevational transects in the Luquillo Mountains (LM), Puerto Rico. We found that elevation plays a major role in structuring the acoustic community and that the soundscape composition reflected the same patterns of anuran and bird distribution and composition along the elevational gradient. This study shows how different animal taxa respond to environmental gradients and provide strong evidence for the use of soundscapes as a tool to describe and compare species distribution and composition across large spatial scales.
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Goldstein, Alyosha. "On the Internal Border: Colonial Difference, the Cold War, and the Locations of “Underdevelopment”." Comparative Studies in Society and History 50, no. 1 (2008): 26–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0010417508000042.
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In 1962, the recently established Peace Corps announced plans for an intensive field training initiative that would acclimate the agency's burgeoning multitude of volunteers to the conditions of poverty in “underdeveloped” countries and immerse them in “foreign” cultures ostensibly similar to where they would be later stationed. This training was designed to be “as realistic as possible, to give volunteers a ‘feel’ of the situation they will face.” With this purpose in mind, the Second Annual Report of the Peace Corps recounted, “Trainees bound for social work in Colombian city slums were given on-the-job training in New York City's Spanish Harlem…. New Mexican Indian reservations and Spanish-speaking villages make realistic workshops for community development trainees. Puerto Rico provides experience in living in a Latin American environment. The Island of Hawaii, with its multiracial population, remote valleys and varied rural economy, performs a similar function for volunteers headed for Southeast Asia.”1 Local communities throughout the United States were chosen for their apparent similarities to locations abroad such that they might serve as a staging ground for President John F. Kennedy's vaunted Cold War diplomatic venture.
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Zhao, Naizhuo, Ying Liu, Feng-Chi Hsu, et al. "Time series analysis of VIIRS-DNB nighttime lights imagery for change detection in urban areas: A case study of devastation in Puerto Rico from hurricanes Irma and Maria." Applied Geography 120 (July 2020): 102222. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeog.2020.102222.
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Van Minh, Tran. "MICROPROPAGATION OF CHUKRASIA TABULARIS A. FUSS BY SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS TECHNIQUE." CBU International Conference Proceedings 7 (September 30, 2019): 960–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.12955/cbup.v7.1485.
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Chukrasia tabularis belongs to the Meliaceae family, which is native to many Asian countries, including Vietnam. It is a precious wood species with beautiful wood grain, light-loving tree with evergreen leaves, widely grown in many places Cameroon, Costa Rica, Nigeria, Puerto Rico, South Africa, United States, China ... for many different purposes: planting economic forests, alternative forests, protective forest belts and urban greenery. In Vietnam, Chukrasia tabularis are usually distributed naturally in the northern, central highland and southern provinces. From Nghe Tinh onwards, there are many varieties such as Dong Nai Chukrasia tabularis (Chukrasia tabularis var. Dongnaiensis), Con Dao Chukrasia tabularis (C. tabularis sp.), small fruit Chukrasia tabularis (C. tabularis var. Microcarpa), and hairy Chukrasia tabularis (C. tabularis var. Velutina). Chukrasia tabularis often grow on well-drained soil, at an altitude of 300-800 m.asl, the annual average temperature is from 2-43oC, rainfall is 1,800-3,800 mm. Singing and development occurs in high limestone mountains, meaty soil, mixed meat, nutrient poor sandy soil at an altitude of less than 100 m. The tree is regenerated by seed but grows slowly and with high genetic diversity. Techniques of somatic embryo culture are applied to preserve and develop Chukrasia tabularis plants with urgent needs.