Academic literature on the topic 'Community development, Urban Urban renewal City planning'
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Journal articles on the topic "Community development, Urban Urban renewal City planning"
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Benkő, Melinda, and Tibor Germán. "Crime prevention aspects of public space renewal in Budapest." Journal of Place Management and Development 9, no. 2 (July 11, 2016): 191–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jpmd-09-2015-0034.
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Purpose Security is one of the most important challenges for contemporary integrated urban developments. In Hungary, every strategic document highlights this goal, seeking social and smart city solutions to the problem. Yet, what about crime prevention through environmental design (CPTED)? The purpose of the paper is to introduce a Central-European perspective into the international discussion of the topic. Design/methodology/approach Focusing on European Union-funded renewal of public space in the historic city centre of Budapest, the research investigates how urban security can be facilitated through urban planning and design. The analysis of two projects based on design documents and interviews with actors highlights the importance of CPTED, although it is not recognised officially either in the development or in the management phase. Findings March 15th Square is an attractive contemporary public space in the tourist-historic city centre. The project was centrally planned, executed with typical EU indicators, but without any special requirements for security. The process resulted in a safescape. By contrast, the main principal for the renewal of Teleki László Square, the first Hungarian example of community-based planning, was to instil a feeling of security. The public square became a fenced defensible space. Practical implications The analysis method can be used for other projects evaluating changes in urban security due to public space renewal: history, requirements for security, design solutions for space division, materials and urban furniture, as well as use of space and management after the regeneration. Originality/value The paper uncovers Hungarian cases where environmental crime prevention criteria are not explicitly but implicitly present in contemporary urban planning and design. In relation to urban security, it highlights the gap that exists among disciplines, indicative of a lack of dialogue among policymakers, researchers, designers and management.
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Meller, Helen. "Urban renewal and citizenship: the quality of life in British cities, 1890-1990." Urban History 22, no. 1 (May 1995): 63–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s096392680001138x.
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This paper juxtaposes two key themes: the concept of citizenship and ideas on urban renewal over the past century. The aim is to explore the interaction of cultural changes and the physical environment of cities. The concept of citizenship represents a cultural response to social change which itself has changed dramatically over the past century. Urban renewal has taken many forms. Yet behind all the growing technical expertise in dealing with the physical environment, there are specific social responses to the city which legitimize action. By looking at citizenship and urban renewal together, it is possible to establish a perspective on how the urban environment has been manipulated over the past century, often in ways which have barely interfaced with the social demands of many sections of the community.
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Wang, Xiaoxiao, Ruiting Shi, and Ting Wang. "Research on the fuzzy evaluation of the livability of old urban communities using an analytic hierarchy process – a case study of Nanjing city in China." Open House International 46, no. 2 (June 3, 2021): 213–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-02-2021-0040.
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Purpose Due to the different actual construction conditions in different cities, the requirements for community livability may also differ due to different geographical locations and urban construction priorities. The research system in this paper can be applied to study similar old communities in old urban areas. The indicator system would need to be adjusted in different places, based on specific construction situations and higher planning requirements. This process would provide valuable insights for effective construction projects that support the livability of the old communities. Design/methodology/approach Based on sustainable and people-oriented development principles, this study considered the development of old urban communities during today’s rapid urban renewal and development. Using previous literature and related research experience, this study established an evaluation indicator system to assess the livability of old urban communities. Based on the local resident experience and satisfaction, the study investigated current weaknesses in the construction of livable old urban communities and developed corresponding recommendations for reform based on these. The goal was to provide guidance and recommendations for renewing old communities in during urban development and further promote the sustainable development of the city. Findings Based on the people-oriented principle and focusing on old urban communities as the research object, this study constructed an evaluation indicator system to evaluate the livability of urban old communities. The goal was to identify the weaknesses in the construction of old urban communities, with a focus on livability. Using the Bei’anmen community in Nanjing as a case study, the AHP method and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method were applied to evaluate the overall target level and specific indicators, with the goal of assessing the level of livability in the Bei’anmen community.[AQ2] The results show that the livability of the Bei’anmen community is “very poor,” with significant room for improvements in community livability. This study also proposed corresponding measures for improving problems related to livability in the old urban community. Establishing the indicator system may help evaluate the livability of similar old communities in Nanjing and the same types of old communities in other cities. Understanding the overall livability of communities under construction can help identify weaknesses in other own construction approaches and may inform appropriate steps to improve the sustainable construction of the community in the wave of continuous urban renewal. This may realize the further development of livability in the community. Originality/value The community is an integral part of the city and strengthening the community’s civilization can support a harmonious and stable social environment. In constructing livable communities, improving the community civilization can promote social progress and civilization, promote social harmony and support the harmonious and sustainable development of communities. To strengthen the construction of a livable community, it is important to apply a residential perspective and provide a good platform for managing community participation and interaction. This may include organizing community-level cultural activities and strengthening communication between residents to increase the residents’ affection for the community. This would enhance the residents’ sense of belonging, forming a harmonious and stable atmosphere of community life, mutual help and mutual tolerance.
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Tynen, Sarah. "Lived Space of Urban Development: The Everyday Politics of Spatial Production in Nanjing, China." Space and Culture 22, no. 2 (May 14, 2018): 172–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1206331218774480.
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This article is about experiences of insecurity and the pursuit of resources in the midst of impending housing demolition in the city of Nanjing, China. How do everyday practices reproduce or contest spatial production of the neighborhood? How do residents articulate belonging in urban space? How does spatial production interact with social and cultural life in the neighborhood? Through an ethnographic study of the discourses and practices in an old city neighborhood in China, I find that residents construct their urban neighborhood community through social and cultural means by (1) building and maintaining relationships and (2) negotiating their right to the city. I use state propaganda, ethnographic field notes, and interview data to show how urban inhabitants create their city neighborhood. How residents create space in their neighborhood by building relationships and contesting the right to its resources illustrate their making sense of social belonging and conflicted experiences with urban renewal projects.
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Elrick, John W. "Simulating renewal: Postwar technopolitics and technological urbanism." Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 38, no. 6 (June 2, 2020): 1120–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0263775820928391.
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This article traces the terms and practices underwriting emergent forms of urban government to technical efforts to simulate markets after the Second World War. With an eye toward contemporary techno-utopian schemes and city-building initiatives, I argue that the basis of technological approaches to urban rule today—a conception of cities as complex socio-economic systems amenable to market-driven optimization—was forged by postwar administrators and technicians in response to the vicissitudes of uneven development. To advance this claim, I examine the history of San Francisco’s Community Renewal Program, an early modeling initiative sponsored in the US by the federal government. After situating it in the context of racialized housing markets and policies, I probe the Community Renewal Program’s attempt to build a computer model capable of forecasting the effects of redevelopment on housing markets. Though the Community Renewal Program model ultimately proved unviable as a planning tool, expert appraisals of it at the time simultaneously confirmed the characterization of cities as systems of market signals and affirmed in principle the ability to model and thus manage them given an appropriate technological infrastructure. In this light, current municipal design and development projects premised on interactive and remote-sensing technologies express something of the technocratic politics and optimism of the mid-20th century.
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Allen, Peter. "The End of Modernism?" Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 70, no. 3 (September 1, 2011): 354–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jsah.2011.70.3.354.
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The making of People's Park in Berkeley, California, in 1969 was accompanied by some of the most violent student protests of its era. While these events can be seen as an episode in the movement of student radicalism that focused on the Vietnam War, Peter Allen suggests that conflicting visions of architecture and urban space stood at the center of the People's Park violence. The End of Modernism? People's Park, Urban Renewal, and Community Design argues that the movement to create the park was a reaction to a university program of campus expansion, which had razed existing older housing to build modernist high-rise residential towers, and the urban renewal scheme jointly supported by the city and the university. The events drew on new paradigms in planning and architecture, as People's Park attracted the support of many design professors and students. For them, it was a test case for theories of community-based development in architecture and planning, and their story provides a glimpse into profound divisions in the design professions in the late 1960s.
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Pawan, Sawut, and Abiguli Niyazi. "From Mahalla to Xiaoqu." Inner Asia 18, no. 1 (May 5, 2016): 121–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22105018-12340056.
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Owing to high rates of economic growth and increased urbanization efforts, China raised the country’s urbanisation rate to 50 per cent in 2012. ‘Old town renewal’—an important component of urbanisation—has significantly affected the lives of urban residents throughout China. This article focuses on urban transformations in the old city of Kashgar in southern Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region. While more and more Chinese scholars are concerned with how effectively to implement the project in the old town itself, only a few are concerned with the resettlement actions caused by the renewal. This paper focuses precisely on this and analyses the challenges related to relocation, changes in the old town community and adaptation strategies in new residential compounds.
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Schlichting, Kara Murphy. "Rethinking the Bronx’s “Soundview Slums”." Journal of Planning History 16, no. 2 (August 12, 2016): 112–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1538513216661206.
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In the 1910s, the bungalow colony Harding Park developed on marshy Clason Point. Through the 1930s–1950s, Robert Moses sought to modernize this East Bronx waterfront through the Parks Department and the Committee on Slum Clearance. While localism and special legislative treatment enabled Harding Park’s preservation as a co-op in 1981, the abandonment of master planning left neighboring Soundview Park unfinished. The entwined histories of recreation and residency on Clason Point reveal the beneficial and detrimental effects of both urban renewal and community development, while also demonstrating the complicated relationship between localism and large-scale planning in postwar New York City.
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Muhamad Khair, Nur Khairlida, Khai Ern Lee, and Mazlin Mokhtar. "Sustainable City and Community Empowerment through the Implementation of Community-Based Monitoring: A Conceptual Approach." Sustainability 12, no. 22 (November 17, 2020): 9583. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12229583.
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A sustainable city should promote the active participation of its civil society in urban planning and development of cities as the means to satisfy their needs. However, the absence of an appropriate platform has caused the public to lose interest and neglect the process of planning and development. This article attempts to develop a conceptual framework for sustainable cities and communities’ empowerment through the introduction of community-based monitoring as a means to increase community resilience and well-being. Community-based monitoring is designed to be instrumental in addressing environmental sustainability issues with public participation, where the community champions the environmental monitoring process for the decision making of planning and development of cities. The conceptual framework is expected to serve as an approach in driving the urban community towards attaining a more inclusive, safe, resilient, and sustainable environment.
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Dudek-Klimiuk, Joanna, and Barbara Warzecha. "Intelligent Urban Planning and Ecological Urbanscape-Solutions for Sustainable Urban Development. Case Study of Wolfsburg." Sustainability 13, no. 9 (April 27, 2021): 4903. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13094903.
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Intelligent urban planning and ecological urbanism can be recognized as two of the key solutions to act against urban sprawl. This process is associated with suburbanization, blurring boundaries between the city and suburbs, and the undefined role of open and green spaces within new structures. It has been identified as the biggest and the most common problem worldwide. This non-central planning has a huge impact not only on economic aspects, but—most of all—on the ecological and landscaping balance within the urban area. This study covers not only the recognition of the outlined situation, but also a conceptual proposal to challenge the problems of urban sprawl. The city of Wolfsburg serves as a case study to which the tools of Ecological Urbanism and Intelligent Urbanism were applied. A corrective plan for the study area has been worked out, based on the main approaches in urban planning of the 21st century. The green transformation processes to achieve resiliency within urban areas are inevitable and will have to be conducted due to the rising number of the dwellers, steadily changing climate, and socio-economic conditions all over the world. The main solutions include mainly the system of green corridors, interconnectedness of open spaces, walkability with smart mobile options and social community as a nucleus of a local neighborhood.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Community development, Urban Urban renewal City planning"
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Butler, Elizabeth A. "Community involvement and economic reality a case study of the community and economic revitalization of Allentown /." Instructions for remote access. Click here to access this electronic resource. Access available to Kutztown University faculty, staff, and students only, 1997. http://www.kutztown.edu/library/services/remote_access.asp.
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Thesis (M.P.A.)--Kutztown University of Pennsylvania, 1997.Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 45-06, page: 2935. Abstract precedes thesis as preliminary leaves 2-3. Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 128-131).
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Goldstein, Brian David. "A City within a City: Community Development and the Struggle over Harlem, 1961-2001." Thesis, Harvard University, 2013. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:10985.
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This dissertation examines the idea of community development in the last four decades of the twentieth century through the example of the Harlem neighborhood of New York City and, in doing so, explains the broader transformation of the American city in these decades. Frustration with top-down urban redevelopment and the rise of Black Power brought new demands to Harlem, as citizens insisted on the need for “community control” over their built environment. In attempting to bring this goal to life, Harlemites created new community-based organizations that promised to realize a radically inclusive, cooperative ideal of a neighborhood built by and for the benefit of its predominantly low-income, African-American residents. For several reasons, including continued reliance on the public sector, dominant leaders, changing sociological understandings of poverty, and the intransigence of activists, however, such organizations came to advance a narrower approach in Harlem in succeeding years. By the 1980s, they pursued a moderate vision of Harlem’s future, prioritizing commercial projects instead of development that served residents’ many needs, emphasizing economic integration, and eschewing goals of broad structural change. In examining community design centers, community development corporations, self-help housing, and other neighborhood-based strategies, I conclude that local actors achieved their longstanding aspiration that they could become central to the process of development in Harlem and similar places, but built a dramatically different reality than the idealistic hope that had fueled demands for community control in the late 1960s. This ironic outcome reveals the unexpected, radical roots of urban landscapes that by the end of the century were characterized by increasing privatization, economic gentrification, and commercial redevelopment. Likewise, it demonstrates that such dramatic changes in American cities were not simply imposed on unwitting neighborhoods by outsiders or the result of abstract forces, but were in part produced by residents themselves. Understanding the mutable nature of community development helps to explain both the complicated course of urban development in the aftermath of modernist planning and the lasting, often contradictory consequences of the radical demands that emerged from the 1960s, two areas that historians have only begun to examine in detail.
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Addie, Jean-Paul David. "Geographies of Neoliberal Regulation and the Everyday Urban Experience: A Case Study of Over-the-Rhine, Cincinnati." Oxford, Ohio : Miami University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=miami1153950131.
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Andrews, Christopher Lee. "The Mandela Bay Development Agency's role in promoting community participation in the Helenvale Urban Renewal Project, Port Elizabeth." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1020095.
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Community participation in urban renewal projects has become important in the South African government’s efforts to address past imbalances and improving the livelihoods of socially excluded and marginalised communities. In order for the Helenvale Urban Renewal Project to be successful and bring about sustainable change, it is vital that the community be allowed and encouraged to play an active role in consultation and participation initiatives. This study outlines the importance of community participation, the types, the incentives and disincentives as well as the possible barriers to effective community participation. Findings from the analysis of the collected data indicates that a community project can only be successful if the implementing agent employs democratic principles whereby all residents are given a voice and are allowed to participate in the decision-making and implementation process. This study explores the concept of community participation in the Helenvale Urban Renewal Projects with particular reference to the role played by the Mandela Bay Development Agency in promoting community participation in the Helenvale Urban Renewal Projects (HURP), in Port Elizabeth.
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Middleton, Deborah Antoinette. "Growth and expansion in post-war urban design strategies: C. A. Doxiadis and the first strategic plan for Riyadh Saudi Arabia (1968-1972)." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/37094.
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This dissertation resituates C. A. Doxiadis in Post-War urban design history with a detailed examination of how urban growth and change was addressed by urban design strategies as applied in the master plan for Riyadh Saudi Arabia, undertaken between 1968 and 1972. The Riyadh master plan commission is important within Doxiadis' career, occurring in the midst of his prolific writing projects and approximately eight years after he completed the Islamabad master plan, his most renowned project.
Most Post-War architects focused on the socio-spatial components of urban life, elaborating architectural projects that intertwined transportation, infrastructure, and concentrated on mass housing strategies. This dissertation argues that Doxiadis' contribution to urban design theory and practice during the Post-War period was to define a rational scientific methodology for urban design that would restructure settlements to enable urban expansion and change while addressing issues of community building, governance and processes of development. The applied urban design for Riyadh Saudi Arabia strongly exemplifies Doxiadis' rational strategy and methodology as outlined in Ekistics theory and the conceptual model of Dynapolis. The comparative analysis examines how Doxiadis applies the Dynapolis model in the urban spatial planning of Riyadh to organize urban territory at the macro and local urban scales, define neighborhood communities, and connect the new master plan to the existing spatial territory of the city. The longitudinal analysis contrasts the Doxiadis master plan, Riyadh's first urban development strategy, to the most recent comprehensive approach MEDSTAR to understand how the Doxaidis' urban design has sustained its spatial continuity over time.
This dissertation makes two significant contributions. The first is to broaden knowledge of Post-War urban design specific to the spatial problem of urban expansion and change, and second to resituate Doxiadis within the Post-War history of urban design specifically revealing his previously unrecognized project of the Riyadh master plan undertaken from 1968-1972.
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Hansen, Karsten. "Reclaiming lost space : a centre for sports and education development in the Pretoria city centre." Diss., Pretoria :[s.n.], 2008. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-07092008-122108.
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Jekwa, Mandisi. "The Port Elizabeth Land and Community Restoration Association project in Fairview." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/17712.
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The purpose of the research is to assess how the Port Elizabeth Land and Community Restoration project has been perceived by the beneficiaries with regard to spatial transformation.The study is about land restitution programme in Port Elizabeth; with specific emphasis on those land claims which were lodged through a community based organization called Port Elizabeth Land and Community Restoration Association (PELCRA) for the restitution of Fairview, South End, Salisbury Park and Korsten. Such land claims were subsequently part of the PELCRA project for the restitution of Fairview. The study looks specifically at claimants who were dispossessed of their land rights as a result of the implementation of Group Areas Act in the 1960s. The claimants were forcefully removed from Fairview, Korsten, South End and Salisbury Park to their respective race group areas, such as Bloemendal for coloureds, Malabar for Indians and Kwa-Zakhele for Africans.However, before the general objectives of the study could be discussed, it is important to provide a brief historical context that brought about racial segregation in the South African urban setting, and how the post-apartheid government sought to re-integrate, restructure the towns and cities, as well as healing the boundaries set by racial zoning through land reform. This will then followed by the discussion on how the various communities of Port Elizabeth responded to the introduction of the Land Restitution Act 22 of 1994. The post-apartheid government in South Africa faces serious challenges in undoing the legacy of apartheid. One such product of apartheid system is the ‘apartheid city’. It stands out as an extreme example of social engineering. According to Freund (2001, 537) urban segregation was pervasive across the colonial world, some other cities in colonial and even post-colonial Africa were subject to massive forced removals or urbanisation that were comparable to South Africa under the apartheid regime. Urban segregation is therefore not unique to South Africa. It has to be said though that the South African apartheid city was distinctive in a number of ways.
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Conley, Jamie Erin. "Spatial analysis of the effects of revitalization on crime in the Jeffrey-Lynne community in Anaheim, California." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2004. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2555.
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Over the last few years the city of Anaheim has undertaken several significant redevelopment projects designed to revitalize some of the older, more run down areas of the city. One of these projects was the redevelopment of the Jeffrey-Lynne neighborhood, an area that had been plagued by crime. The redevelopment involved the complete remodeling of the existing housing structure into lower density housing within a gated community. This study examines the impact of the redevelopment on the crime rate in this neighborhood; it employs location quotient analyses for six geographic levels on four crime categories (property, violence, disorder, drug) and five crime types (disturbance, robbery, burglary, assault, auto theft). The results reveal that the effects of the redevelopment on the crime rate were mixed.
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Payne, Briana. "Oral History of Bonton and Ideal Neighborhoods in Dallas, Texas." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2015. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc848166/.
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The Bonton and Ideal neighborhoods in Dallas Texas, developed in the early 1900s, experienced physical and social decay throughout the 1980s. Neighborhood organizations and resident activism were vital to the rebirth of the community in the 1990s. Current revitalization efforts taking place there have been a source of contention as the neighborhood continues to overcome inequalities created by decades of racialized city planning initiatives. This thesis focuses on how the structuring structure of whiteness has historically affected, and continues to affect, the neighborhoods of Ideal and Bonton, as well as acts to identify how black residents have navigated their landscape and increased their collective capital through neighborhood activism.
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Au, Wai-cheong Terrence. "Urban design guidelines : their application in urban development and redevelopment in Hong Kong /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1996. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B18153495.
Full textBooks on the topic "Community development, Urban Urban renewal City planning"
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Relations, Florida Legislature Legislative Committee on Intergovernmental. Urban revitalization in Florida. Tallahassee, Fla.]: Florida Legislative Committee on Intergovernmental Relations, 2005.
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New York (State). Legislature. Assembly. Standing Committee on Cities. Hearing on city revitalization. Syracuse, N.Y: Action Reporting Service, 2003.
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Commission, Chicago Plan. Central Station development guidelines. [Chicago]: City of Chicago, Chicago Plan Commission, Dept. of Planning, 1990.
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Chicago (Ill.). Dept. of Planning and Development. Report to the Community Development Commission on the designation of the redevelopment area: Woodlawn. Chicago: The Commission, 1992.
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Blue Hill Avenue Task Force. Blue Hill Avenue--: A community vision. Boston?: Stull and Lee, 1996.
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Plan urbanisme construction architecture (France), ed. A quoi sert la rénovation urbaine? Paris: Presses universitaires de France, 2012.
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New York (State). Legislature. Assembly. Standing Committee on Cities. Public hearing on city revitalization. [Mineola]: EN-DE Reporting, 2003.
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Richard, Wener, and Bruner Foundation, eds. Building coalitions for urban excellence: 1995 Rudy Bruner Award for Excellence in the Urban Environment. Cambridge, Mass: Bruner Foundation, 1996.
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New York (State). Legislature. Assembly. Standing Committee on Cities. Public hearing, assessing the tools necessary to revitalize the cities of New York. [Albany]: Associated Reporters Int'l., 2003.
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Transforming cities: Opportunities and challenges of urban regeneration in the Basque country. Reno, NV: Center for Basque Studies, 2015.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Community development, Urban Urban renewal City planning"
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Levy, John M. "Urban Renewal and Community Development." In Contemporary Urban Planning, 208–36. Eleventh Edition. | New York : Routledge, 2016. | Revised edition of the author’s Contemporary urban planning, 2013.: Routledge, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315619408-11.
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Rauscher, Raymond Charles, and Salim Momtaz. "Planning in New York City: Community Boards and Planning Instruments." In Brooklyn’s Bushwick - Urban Renewal in New York, USA, 63–84. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-05762-0_4.
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Yu, Hang, Zishuo Huang, Yiqun Pan, and Weiding Long. "Methods and Strategies of Energy System Transformation in Old City Transformation and Urban Renewal." In Guidelines for Community Energy Planning, 497–557. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-9600-7_14.
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Kumssa, Asfaw, and Isaac K. Mwangi. "Challenges of Sustainable Urban Development: The Case of Umoja 1 Residential Community in Nairobi City, Kenya." In Eco-city Planning, 181–97. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0383-4_9.
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Fahmy, Bassem, and Marco Kamiya. "Productive Urban Development: Linking Planning and Economy in Al-Alamein New City, Egypt." In New Cities and Community Extensions in Egypt and the Middle East, 19–34. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-77875-4_2.
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Yawson, David O., Michael O. Adu, Paul A. Asare, and Frederick A. Armah. "Multifunctional Landscape Transformation of Urban Idle Spaces for Climate Resilience in Sub-Saharan Africa." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 1–27. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-42091-8_214-1.
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AbstractPoor physical and land use planning underpin the chaotic evolution and expansion in cities and towns in sub-Saharan Africa. This situation amplifies urban vulnerability to climate change. Worse, urban landscapes are rarely considered part of the discourse on urban development in sub-Saharan Africa, let alone in climate change adaptation. Yet, landscapes are known to play crucial roles in social, economic, and cultural resilience in cities and towns. Hence, designing basic forms of appealing and functional urban landscapes that support multiple ecosystem services is essential to the drive towards resilience, which relates to the ability to maintain or improve the supply of life support services and products (such as food and water) in the face of disturbance. In this chapter, the idea of transforming idle urban spaces into multifunctional edible urban landscapes is introduced and explored as instrumental for cost-effective adaptation and resilience to climate change in cities and towns in sub-Saharan Africa. Multifunctional edible urban landscape is defined here as a managed landscape that integrates food production and ornamental design, in harmonious coexistence with other urban structures to promote or provide targeted, multiple services. These services include food security, scenic beauty, green spaces for active living and learning, jobs and livelihoods support, environmental protection, climate adaptation, and overall urban resilience. This approach constitutes a triple-win multifunctional land use system that is beneficial to landowners, city managers, and the general community. This chapter explores the benefits, challenges, and prospects for practically transforming urban idle spaces into multifunctional edible urban landscapes using an example project from Ghana. The chapter shows that multifunctional edible urban landscape transformation for resilience is practically feasible, and sheds light on the possibility of the food production component paying for landscaping and landscape management. It concludes with thoughts on actions required across sectors and multiple scales, including mobilizing stakeholders, laws, policies, and incentives, to actualize multifunctional edible urban landscapes as key transformational components of resilience in sub-Saharan Africa.
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Yawson, David O., Michael O. Adu, Paul A. Asare, and Frederick A. Armah. "Multifunctional Landscape Transformation of Urban Idle Spaces for Climate Resilience in Sub-Saharan Africa." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 2193–219. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_214.
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AbstractPoor physical and land use planning underpin the chaotic evolution and expansion in cities and towns in sub-Saharan Africa. This situation amplifies urban vulnerability to climate change. Worse, urban landscapes are rarely considered part of the discourse on urban development in sub-Saharan Africa, let alone in climate change adaptation. Yet, landscapes are known to play crucial roles in social, economic, and cultural resilience in cities and towns. Hence, designing basic forms of appealing and functional urban landscapes that support multiple ecosystem services is essential to the drive towards resilience, which relates to the ability to maintain or improve the supply of life support services and products (such as food and water) in the face of disturbance. In this chapter, the idea of transforming idle urban spaces into multifunctional edible urban landscapes is introduced and explored as instrumental for cost-effective adaptation and resilience to climate change in cities and towns in sub-Saharan Africa. Multifunctional edible urban landscape is defined here as a managed landscape that integrates food production and ornamental design, in harmonious coexistence with other urban structures to promote or provide targeted, multiple services. These services include food security, scenic beauty, green spaces for active living and learning, jobs and livelihoods support, environmental protection, climate adaptation, and overall urban resilience. This approach constitutes a triple-win multifunctional land use system that is beneficial to landowners, city managers, and the general community. This chapter explores the benefits, challenges, and prospects for practically transforming urban idle spaces into multifunctional edible urban landscapes using an example project from Ghana. The chapter shows that multifunctional edible urban landscape transformation for resilience is practically feasible, and sheds light on the possibility of the food production component paying for landscaping and landscape management. It concludes with thoughts on actions required across sectors and multiple scales, including mobilizing stakeholders, laws, policies, and incentives, to actualize multifunctional edible urban landscapes as key transformational components of resilience in sub-Saharan Africa.
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Vale, Lawrence J. "After Urban Renewal." In After the Projects, 41–65. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190624330.003.0002.
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Chapter 2 traces the changing nature of urban governance and participation between the 1940s and the present. It argues that much of HOPE VI variation is rooted in a city’s experience with earlier efforts at slum clearance, urban renewal, and central-city highways. In those cities where past backlashes against perceived excesses in land taking and displacement in residential areas led to lasting citywide movements to prevent this from happening again, there seems to be much greater protection for the poorest citizens under HOPE VI. Instead of more narrowly constructed urban regimes or growth machines focused in public-private partnerships, broader coalitions develop. Using the metaphor of constellations, the chapter identifies four types of poverty governance: the Big Developer, Publica Major, Nonprofitus, and Plebs. Each of these encompasses diverse players in development initiatives, but corresponds, respectively, to a polestar located in the private sector, public sector, not-for-profit sector, or community sector.
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Tan, Ern Ser. "Public Housing and Community Development: Planning for Urban Diversity in a City-State." In 50 Years of Urban Planning in Singapore, 257–72. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789814656474_0014.
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Grochulska-Salak, Magdalena. "Urban Farming in Sustainable City Development." In Bioeconomical Solutions and Investments in Sustainable City Development, 43–64. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-7958-8.ch003.
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Urban farming is defined as building development for the production of plants for the needs of the local community. The presented issues concern the shaping of urban farms for the preservation of the environmental balance of urban spaces and connections concerning the coexistence of architecture and greenery in the city. This chapter indicates the possibility of shaping synergistic spatial systems by integrating urban space and buildings with an innovative production function—a municipal farm—that complements the functional structure of the city in connection with the shaping of public spaces and the greenery system. The pro-environmental architecture connected with technologies enabling the production of plants in buildings enables the integration of urban space, complementing the functional and spatial structure of the city. The implementation of new technologies enables the production of plants in hydroponic and aeroponic farm buildings. The urban farm is an element in planning the city's sustainable development.
Conference papers on the topic "Community development, Urban Urban renewal City planning"
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Xin, Li, and Liao Danyan. "Practice research on community micro renewal from the perspective of healthy community." In Post-Oil City Planning for Urban Green Deals Virtual Congress. ISOCARP, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47472/dxlj2564.
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With the acceleration of urbanization and the frequent occurrence of residents' physical and mental health problems, public health has become one of the most important factors in urban development. And building healthy communities is an effective measure to improve public health. In the context of smart growth planning, community renewal is an important part of building healthy communities. To a certain extent, introducing the concept of healthy city into community micro-renewal can promote residents' physical and mental health and social equity, among which we introduce the method of health impact assessment. Community health impact assessment points of three stages, including micro update assessment preparation, project evaluation analysis and implementation, in order to determine the factors affecting health, the health improvement measures and the results of evaluation, planning and design projects to residents health gain role play to the largest. This Assessment implementation mobilized public participation, strengthen the cooperation of the parties, also let residents pay attention to health problems. Taking the renewal of public space in Dashilan community courtyard as an example, this paper explores the application of health impact assessment in practical projects and summarizes the shortcomings in practice. It is a new exploration to introduce the concept of healthy community in community microrenewal, which provides new ideas for building healthy cities and improving public health in China.
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Bian, Bo. "The application of micro-regeneration strategy in urban renewal in norther Lima, Perù." In 55th ISOCARP World Planning Congress, Beyond Metropolis, Jakarta-Bogor, Indonesia. ISOCARP, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.47472/rwbv2921.
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Lima, the capital city of Peru, is situated within the country's desert region on the Pacific coast and bordered by the Andes Mountains to the East. It is one of the most fast developing city shifting from both formal and informal urban construction. While traditional renewal model and strategy cannot deal with new situation and complex urban problems of this mega city due to its inner and outer contradictions and complexity. This paper analyses the current situation of San Martin de Porres, a typical district in the northern part of the city, which grew towards the Chillon river corridor mainly during the second half of the twentieth century. It conducts investigation and analysis on the current situation related to social, economy and infrastructure system in this district. It shows that from the perspective of planning and design, urban scale top-down interventions have little positive impact on individual realities. On the opposite, much of the society's knowledge and useful space are created by the residents' active behaviour and informal activities, which belong to the bottomup strategy, and they provide the source for urban vitality. Based on the above content, the paper puts forward the micro-regeneration strategy based on the theory of organic renewal and daily life, which mainly includes three aspects: urban catalysts, space design and corporate mechanism construction. The paper investigate different potential urban catalysts based on the feature of different functional space. It includes the most symbolic area that the latter design would applied to the whole province practically. Space design consists of four aspects: riverbank reuse, street renovation, community building and neighbourhood space transformation. The paper introduces community-based organization and governmental structure based on current top-down model and residents' activities in order to push on the practical work that all the other area could follow. It tries to stimulate the improvement of the current situation and hopes to provide a new mode for the development of this mega city and similar practice
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Huiyi, Xia, Nankai Xia, and Liu Liu. "Urban living environment assessment index system based on psychological security." In 55th ISOCARP World Planning Congress, Beyond Metropolis, Jakarta-Bogor, Indonesia. ISOCARP, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.47472/lvyv5472.
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With the development of urbanization and the continuous development, construction and renewal of the city, the living environment of human beings has also undergone tremendous changes, such as residential community environment and service facilities, urban roads and street spaces, and urban public service formats. And the layout of the facilities, etc., and these are the real needs of people in urban life, but the characteristics of these needs or their problems will inevitably have a certain impact on the user's psychological feelings, thus affecting people's use needs. Then, studying the ways in which urban residents perceive changes in the living environment and how they perceive changes in psychology and emotions will have practical significance and can effectively assist urban management and builders to optimize the living environment of residents. This is also the long-term. One of the topics of greatest interest to urban researchers since then. In the theory of demand hierarchy proposed by American psychologist Abraham Maslow, safety is the basic requirement second only to physiological needs. So safety, especially psychological security, has become one of the basic needs of people in the urban environment. People's perception of the psychological security of the urban environment is also one of the most important indicators in urban environmental assessment. In the past, due to the influence of technical means, the study of urban environmental psychological security often relied on the limited investigation of a small number of respondents. Low-density data is difficult to measure the perceptual results of universality. With the leaping development of the mobile Internet, Internet image data has grown geometrically over time. And with the development of artificial intelligence technology in recent years, image recognition and perception analysis based on machine learning has become possible. The maturity of these technical conditions provides a basis for the study of the urban renewal index evaluation system based on psychological security. In addition to the existing urban visual street furniture data obtained through urban big data collection combined with artificial intelligence image analysis, this paper also proposes a large number of urban living environment psychological assessment data collection strategies. These data are derived from crowdsourcing, and the collection method is limited by the development of cost and technology. At present, the psychological security preference of a large number of users on urban street images is collected by forced selection method, and then obtained by statistical data fitting to obtain urban environmental psychology. Security sense training set. In the future, when the conditions are mature, the brainwave feedback data in the virtual reality scene can be used to carry out the machine learning of psychological security, so as to improve the accuracy of the psychological security data.
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van Empel, C. "The effectiveness of community participation in planning and urban development." In SUSTAINABLE CITY 2008. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/sc080521.
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Guo, Rong, and Yo Cui. "Urban regeneration and sustainable urban development from polycentric spatial structure traffic performance." In Post-Oil City Planning for Urban Green Deals Virtual Congress. ISOCARP, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47472/cpqc8140.
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Traffic congestion has become the main phenomenon of agglomeration dis-economy in urban. Adjusting spatial structure to improve traffic efficiency and reduce traffic pollution has become an important issue of urban sustainable development. The study adopts the social survey method to test the traffic performance of Harbin polycentric spatial structure. Combine with the colocation hypothesis, the paper analyzes the influencing factors of polycentric commuting distance and commuting time. The results show that the average commuting distance of centers is greater than that in the city, and the proportion of long-distance commuting is higher, but the faster commuting speed in the fringe area subcenters makes average commuting time shorter than that in the city. The importance of commuting costs is insufficient, the employment and residential location resources are extremely unbalanced, and they influence location selection of residence and employment and makes long-distance commuting economically reasonable. The fundamental ways to improve the traffic performance of polycentric spatial structure are to face up to the rationality of long-distance commuting and traffic demand, in urban renewal, adjusting commuting cost and the spatial layout of residential and employment resources, improving the balance between occupation and housing, promoting sustainable urban development.
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Liu, Chengcheng, and Zhiyong Xu. "Sustainable Development Strategy of Urban Metabolism in China." In Post-Oil City Planning for Urban Green Deals Virtual Congress. ISOCARP, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47472/fecm7804.
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Were studied in this paper, from the Angle of entropy and dissipative structure, sustainable urban metabolism strategies on rapid urbanization in China's eastern coast and the Beijing and Tianjin areas, explored urban development path from the incremental urban to the flow urban and stock urban: on the one hand, with the concept of ecological again, repair damaged in urban natural environment and landscape, improve the ecological environment quality. On the other hand, with the concept of renewal and mending, urban facilities, space environment and landscape features are restored to enhance urban characteristics and vitality.
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Soliman, Heba, and Mohab El-Refaie. "Assessing Land Use Efficiency to Enhance Urban Dynamics through City Development Strategy. Case Study of Damietta City - Egypt." In Post-Oil City Planning for Urban Green Deals Virtual Congress. ISOCARP, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47472/uqrv6986.
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Were studied in this paper, from the Angle of entropy and dissipative structure, sustainable urban metabolism strategies on rapid urbanization in China's eastern coast and the Beijing and Tianjin areas, explored urban development path from the incremental urban to the flow urban and stock urban: on the one hand, with the concept of ecological again, repair damaged in urban natural environment and landscape, improve the ecological environment quality. On the other hand, with the concept of renewal and mending, urban facilities, space environment and landscape features are restored to enhance urban characteristics and vitality.
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Zhao, Qian. "Explore on design method of eco-renewal projects in European block level." In Post-Oil City Planning for Urban Green Deals Virtual Congress. ISOCARP, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47472/bxpq8658.
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China has entered the era of ecological civilization, it is necessary to explore a path of sustainable development. This study collect block level cases of environment improvement in Europe from the UN - HABITAT Best Practices Database. On this basis, complement other related research. In addition, supplement the eco-renewal cases by my on-the-spot investigation in Europe. Collect all cases together, and cancel the cases which are out of topic, ultimately select 41 cases of the block level, finally establish the case base of eco-renewal projects in block level. Then, refine the design methods of eco-renewal from each case, collect and sort the methods from above cases to summarize and concise universal ecological design method, to explore the sustainable ecological design rules and regularities of distribution. My study provides the advanced ecological spectrum of design methods for China's city blocks sustainable update. Make a contribution to the urban transformation development of developing countries in the future.
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Nugroho, Prihadi. "Bringing creative economy to community resilience towards better urban governance." In 55th ISOCARP World Planning Congress, Beyond Metropolis, Jakarta-Bogor, Indonesia. ISOCARP, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.47472/xgsl2437.
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As a growing metropolis in the north coast Java region, Semarang City has been transforming from a port city to a multifunctioning city. Mercantilism tradition has brought forward the local economy into trade and service dominance, shifting the city to become an important marketplace beyond the peripheral boundaries. Interestingly, the city’s urbanisation growth does not follow ‘a common trend’ in Indonesia (and many parts of the world) characterized by modernized urban fabrics with mixed land use. The city is suffered from fragmented physical urban transformation and separated formal and informal economy. The urban sprawling forces are scattered around the city outskirt while the inner city’s development filled up by discontinued commercial properties. On the other hand, there is ‘a new direction’ of urban movement based on the bottom-up kampong revitalisation. Instead of encouraging more modernized physical and economic space, these kampong settlements have proposed creative economy from below useful to (re- )organising the economic space of the urban region. This paper aims to examine how the recent urban transformation in Semarang City has been fuelled by creative economy activities through which the kampong settlements promote local community resilience. Desk study method accompanied by focus group discussions and field observations is completed in pursuit of data collection and analysis. The primary data source is taken from the Local Development Planning Authority project on creative kampong development since 2016. The preliminary results show that kampong-based creative economy movement at the urban scale is beneficial to enhancing the informal economy and urban settlement development. Participatory governance has been strengthened following income generation in situ even though their contribution to community resilience in the long-term still requires further explorations.
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Esan, Oluwasegun. "Cultural heritage: an urban memoir towards Idanre city prosperity." In Post-Oil City Planning for Urban Green Deals Virtual Congress. ISOCARP, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47472/gnbv3886.
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The present tasks facing most of the cities in Nigeria is over reliance on crude oil. The task ahead is to ensure cities function properly and cater for its inhabitants adequately. Several efforts to diversify and develop other sectors of the economy over the last two decades yielded little result. The crash in global crude oil economy is compelling Nigerian cities to explore alternative source of income. At this crucial time, a closer look at creative industry to leverage on heritage resources is being explored. The paper examines precious Idanre heritage as a developmental tool towards urban prosperity. Idanre is a relatively small and historic town in Ondo State situated at the foot of scenic Idanre hills with unique cultural heritage and propensity to attract diverse tourist locally and internationally. The study adopts qualitative research approach through purposive interview and focus group discussion. Community participation will permit inclusive planning for the city. This research findings include 1350AD ancient palace on the hill: unique Orogho, Usalu and Udale quarters; Orosun Sacred Groove and Festival; Agaga Hills; Idanre Forest Reserve; and small-scale Cocoa Agricultural Estates. Community consensus identified heritage memorabilia, cottage industry, small scale local chocolate industry, community sacred forest tour guides and Orosun festival as to enhance the prosperity of the town. Conclusively, community opinion, cultural custodians, traditional rulers, heritage tourists were various elements of Idanre city system as Idanre city is tied to its heritage resources. The legibility of Idanre city is influenced by heritage resources as the collective memory that can be translated into urban prosperity. This paper recommends that innovation capacity and citizenry interaction are fundamental for desired Idanre prosperity through a robust heritage resource deeply rooted in creative industry rooted in heritage resources. Government need to promote the development of cultural heritage and creative industries. Furthermore, urban planning policies should be in favour of mixed-use, well defined and connected spatial clusters within the urban network. An integrated and comprehensive strategy is also needed for the development of creative industries.
Reports on the topic "Community development, Urban Urban renewal City planning"
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Brandt, Leslie A., Cait Rottler, Wendy S. Gordon, Stacey L. Clark, Lisa O'Donnell, April Rose, Annamarie Rutledge, and Emily King. Vulnerability of Austin’s urban forest and natural areas: A report from the Urban Forestry Climate Change Response Framework. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Northern Forests Climate Hub, October 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2020.7204069.ch.
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The trees, developed green spaces, and natural areas within the City of Austin’s 400,882 acres will face direct and indirect impacts from a changing climate over the 21st century. This assessment evaluates the vulnerability of urban trees and natural and developed landscapes within the City Austin to a range of future climates. We synthesized and summarized information on the contemporary landscape, provided information on past climate trends, and illustrated a range of projected future climates. We used this information to inform models of habitat suitability for trees native to the area. Projected shifts in plant hardiness and heat zones were used to understand how less common native species, nonnative species, and cultivars may tolerate future conditions. We also assessed the adaptability of planted and naturally occurring trees to stressors that may not be accounted for in habitat suitability models such as drought, flooding, wind damage, and air pollution. The summary of the contemporary landscape identifies major stressors currently threatening trees and forests in Austin. Major current threats to the region’s urban forest include invasive species, pests and disease, and development. Austin has been warming at a rate of about 0.4°F per decade since measurements began in 1938 and temperature is expected to increase by 5 to 10°F by the end of this century compared to the most recent 30-year average. Both increases in heavy rain events and severe droughts are projected for the future, and the overall balance of precipitation and temperature may shift Austin’s climate to be more similar to the arid Southwest. Species distribution modeling of native trees suggests that suitable habitat may decrease for 14 primarily northern species, and increase for four more southern species. An analysis of tree species vulnerability that combines model projections, shifts in hardiness and heat zones, and adaptive capacity showed that only 3% of the trees estimated to be present in Austin based on the most recent Urban FIA estimate were considered to have low vulnerability in developed areas. Using a panel of local experts, we also assessed the vulnerability of developed and natural areas. All areas were rated as having moderate to moderate-high vulnerability, but the underlying factors driving that vulnerability differed by natural community and between East and West Austin. These projected changes in climate and their associated impacts and vulnerabilities will have important implications for urban forest management, including the planting and maintenance of street and park trees, management of natural areas, and long-term planning.