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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Community development, Urban Urban renewal City planning'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 10 February 2022

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1

Butler, Elizabeth A. "Community involvement and economic reality a case study of the community and economic revitalization of Allentown /." Instructions for remote access. Click here to access this electronic resource. Access available to Kutztown University faculty, staff, and students only, 1997. http://www.kutztown.edu/library/services/remote_access.asp.

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Thesis (M.P.A.)--Kutztown University of Pennsylvania, 1997.
Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 45-06, page: 2935. Abstract precedes thesis as preliminary leaves 2-3. Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 128-131).

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2

Goldstein, Brian David. "A City within a City: Community Development and the Struggle over Harlem, 1961-2001." Thesis, Harvard University, 2013. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:10985.

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This dissertation examines the idea of community development in the last four decades of the twentieth century through the example of the Harlem neighborhood of New York City and, in doing so, explains the broader transformation of the American city in these decades. Frustration with top-down urban redevelopment and the rise of Black Power brought new demands to Harlem, as citizens insisted on the need for “community control” over their built environment. In attempting to bring this goal to life, Harlemites created new community-based organizations that promised to realize a radically inclusive, cooperative ideal of a neighborhood built by and for the benefit of its predominantly low-income, African-American residents. For several reasons, including continued reliance on the public sector, dominant leaders, changing sociological understandings of poverty, and the intransigence of activists, however, such organizations came to advance a narrower approach in Harlem in succeeding years. By the 1980s, they pursued a moderate vision of Harlem’s future, prioritizing commercial projects instead of development that served residents’ many needs, emphasizing economic integration, and eschewing goals of broad structural change. In examining community design centers, community development corporations, self-help housing, and other neighborhood-based strategies, I conclude that local actors achieved their longstanding aspiration that they could become central to the process of development in Harlem and similar places, but built a dramatically different reality than the idealistic hope that had fueled demands for community control in the late 1960s. This ironic outcome reveals the unexpected, radical roots of urban landscapes that by the end of the century were characterized by increasing privatization, economic gentrification, and commercial redevelopment. Likewise, it demonstrates that such dramatic changes in American cities were not simply imposed on unwitting neighborhoods by outsiders or the result of abstract forces, but were in part produced by residents themselves. Understanding the mutable nature of community development helps to explain both the complicated course of urban development in the aftermath of modernist planning and the lasting, often contradictory consequences of the radical demands that emerged from the 1960s, two areas that historians have only begun to examine in detail.

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3

Addie, Jean-Paul David. "Geographies of Neoliberal Regulation and the Everyday Urban Experience: A Case Study of Over-the-Rhine, Cincinnati." Oxford, Ohio : Miami University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=miami1153950131.

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4

Andrews, Christopher Lee. "The Mandela Bay Development Agency's role in promoting community participation in the Helenvale Urban Renewal Project, Port Elizabeth." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1020095.

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Community participation in urban renewal projects has become important in the South African government’s efforts to address past imbalances and improving the livelihoods of socially excluded and marginalised communities. In order for the Helenvale Urban Renewal Project to be successful and bring about sustainable change, it is vital that the community be allowed and encouraged to play an active role in consultation and participation initiatives. This study outlines the importance of community participation, the types, the incentives and disincentives as well as the possible barriers to effective community participation. Findings from the analysis of the collected data indicates that a community project can only be successful if the implementing agent employs democratic principles whereby all residents are given a voice and are allowed to participate in the decision-making and implementation process. This study explores the concept of community participation in the Helenvale Urban Renewal Projects with particular reference to the role played by the Mandela Bay Development Agency in promoting community participation in the Helenvale Urban Renewal Projects (HURP), in Port Elizabeth.

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5

Middleton, Deborah Antoinette. "Growth and expansion in post-war urban design strategies: C. A. Doxiadis and the first strategic plan for Riyadh Saudi Arabia (1968-1972)." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/37094.

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This dissertation resituates C. A. Doxiadis in Post-War urban design history with a detailed examination of how urban growth and change was addressed by urban design strategies as applied in the master plan for Riyadh Saudi Arabia, undertaken between 1968 and 1972. The Riyadh master plan commission is important within Doxiadis' career, occurring in the midst of his prolific writing projects and approximately eight years after he completed the Islamabad master plan, his most renowned project. Most Post-War architects focused on the socio-spatial components of urban life, elaborating architectural projects that intertwined transportation, infrastructure, and concentrated on mass housing strategies. This dissertation argues that Doxiadis' contribution to urban design theory and practice during the Post-War period was to define a rational scientific methodology for urban design that would restructure settlements to enable urban expansion and change while addressing issues of community building, governance and processes of development. The applied urban design for Riyadh Saudi Arabia strongly exemplifies Doxiadis' rational strategy and methodology as outlined in Ekistics theory and the conceptual model of Dynapolis. The comparative analysis examines how Doxiadis applies the Dynapolis model in the urban spatial planning of Riyadh to organize urban territory at the macro and local urban scales, define neighborhood communities, and connect the new master plan to the existing spatial territory of the city. The longitudinal analysis contrasts the Doxiadis master plan, Riyadh's first urban development strategy, to the most recent comprehensive approach MEDSTAR to understand how the Doxaidis' urban design has sustained its spatial continuity over time. This dissertation makes two significant contributions. The first is to broaden knowledge of Post-War urban design specific to the spatial problem of urban expansion and change, and second to resituate Doxiadis within the Post-War history of urban design specifically revealing his previously unrecognized project of the Riyadh master plan undertaken from 1968-1972.

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6

Hansen, Karsten. "Reclaiming lost space : a centre for sports and education development in the Pretoria city centre." Diss., Pretoria :[s.n.], 2008. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-07092008-122108.

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7

Jekwa, Mandisi. "The Port Elizabeth Land and Community Restoration Association project in Fairview." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/17712.

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The purpose of the research is to assess how the Port Elizabeth Land and Community Restoration project has been perceived by the beneficiaries with regard to spatial transformation.The study is about land restitution programme in Port Elizabeth; with specific emphasis on those land claims which were lodged through a community based organization called Port Elizabeth Land and Community Restoration Association (PELCRA) for the restitution of Fairview, South End, Salisbury Park and Korsten. Such land claims were subsequently part of the PELCRA project for the restitution of Fairview. The study looks specifically at claimants who were dispossessed of their land rights as a result of the implementation of Group Areas Act in the 1960s. The claimants were forcefully removed from Fairview, Korsten, South End and Salisbury Park to their respective race group areas, such as Bloemendal for coloureds, Malabar for Indians and Kwa-Zakhele for Africans.However, before the general objectives of the study could be discussed, it is important to provide a brief historical context that brought about racial segregation in the South African urban setting, and how the post-apartheid government sought to re-integrate, restructure the towns and cities, as well as healing the boundaries set by racial zoning through land reform. This will then followed by the discussion on how the various communities of Port Elizabeth responded to the introduction of the Land Restitution Act 22 of 1994. The post-apartheid government in South Africa faces serious challenges in undoing the legacy of apartheid. One such product of apartheid system is the ‘apartheid city’. It stands out as an extreme example of social engineering. According to Freund (2001, 537) urban segregation was pervasive across the colonial world, some other cities in colonial and even post-colonial Africa were subject to massive forced removals or urbanisation that were comparable to South Africa under the apartheid regime. Urban segregation is therefore not unique to South Africa. It has to be said though that the South African apartheid city was distinctive in a number of ways.

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8

Conley, Jamie Erin. "Spatial analysis of the effects of revitalization on crime in the Jeffrey-Lynne community in Anaheim, California." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2004. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2555.

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Over the last few years the city of Anaheim has undertaken several significant redevelopment projects designed to revitalize some of the older, more run down areas of the city. One of these projects was the redevelopment of the Jeffrey-Lynne neighborhood, an area that had been plagued by crime. The redevelopment involved the complete remodeling of the existing housing structure into lower density housing within a gated community. This study examines the impact of the redevelopment on the crime rate in this neighborhood; it employs location quotient analyses for six geographic levels on four crime categories (property, violence, disorder, drug) and five crime types (disturbance, robbery, burglary, assault, auto theft). The results reveal that the effects of the redevelopment on the crime rate were mixed.

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9

Payne, Briana. "Oral History of Bonton and Ideal Neighborhoods in Dallas, Texas." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2015. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc848166/.

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The Bonton and Ideal neighborhoods in Dallas Texas, developed in the early 1900s, experienced physical and social decay throughout the 1980s. Neighborhood organizations and resident activism were vital to the rebirth of the community in the 1990s. Current revitalization efforts taking place there have been a source of contention as the neighborhood continues to overcome inequalities created by decades of racialized city planning initiatives. This thesis focuses on how the structuring structure of whiteness has historically affected, and continues to affect, the neighborhoods of Ideal and Bonton, as well as acts to identify how black residents have navigated their landscape and increased their collective capital through neighborhood activism.

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10

Au, Wai-cheong Terrence. "Urban design guidelines : their application in urban development and redevelopment in Hong Kong /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1996. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B18153495.

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11

Garcia, William Dennis. "Reconstruction of the American city design of a mid-town Atlanta artists' quarter." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/24012.

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12

Lam, Wai-ming Willy. "Community artscape in Central." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2001. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25953709.

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13

Koo, Wing-yan. "Community impact analysis for urban renewal in Hong Kong : an illustration on the application of the method /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2001. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B23436013.

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14

Cramer, Reid. "Local economic development planning in low-income urban America : the case of the empowerment zone and enterprise community initiative /." Digital version accessible at:, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.

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15

Deora, Amy (Amy Carter). "Inner city shopping centers : national development trends and local community impacts." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/37861.

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Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2006.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 94-96).
Within the past ten years, there has been increasing interest in bringing retail back into inner-city neighborhoods as a commercial revitalization and economic development strategy. In this thesis, a large data set of all US shopping centers is analyzed to examine general trends in shopping center development, as well as trends in inner-city shopping center development over time. This research showed that inner-city centers are fairly similar to those in other parts of the MSA, although they are smaller, denser, and house a slightly different profile of retailers. During the 1980s, shopping center development in the inner city increased along with development in the rest of the metro area. As the overall market for shopping center development declined in the 1990s, inner-city development has declined even more sharply. And, while there is a major trend in the rest of the metropolitan area toward increasing renovation, expansion, and redevelopment of older centers, shopping centers in the inner city are not experiencing this surge of re-investment.
(cont.) This thesis also examines the case for economic development through shopping center development, and explores the local community impacts of shopping center development through brief case studies of three inner-city shopping center projects in Houston, Boston, and Baltimore, with the goal of presenting how successful projects came about, why they were attractive to potential tenants, and what their impact was on the neighborhood.
by Amy Deora.
M.C.P.

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16

Tooley, Christa Ballard. "'Save our old town' : engaging developer-led masterplanning through community renewal in Edinburgh." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/8276.

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Through uneven processes of planning by a multiplicity of participants, Edinburgh’s built environment continues to emerge as the product of many competing strategies and projects of development. The 2005 proposal of a dramatic new development intended for an area of the city’s Old Town represents one such project in which many powerful municipal and commercial institutions are invested. As one of the last remaining residential areas of the Old Town, the population of which has experienced in recent decades a gradual transformation towards transience, the Canongate became the focus of a heated campaign organised by remaining residents who sought to claim their rights to participation in the redevelopment of their neighbourhood. This thesis explores the efforts of these campaigners to accomplish a Deleuzian reterritorialisation of the Canongate, in the face of perceived threats to its community, territorial identity and built environment, represented by the development proposal named Caltongate. The remarkable success of the campaign in cultivating a sense of community belonging and mobilising residents in collaborative efforts at reimagining alternative futures for the Canongate was ultimately unable to affect Caltongate’s approval through formalised bureaucratic procedures. Through an innovative programme of community research and representation, however, the campaigners have impacted subsequent community-led planning efforts throughout the Old Town, which emphasise small-scale development that is accountable to both the residential community and the built heritage of the Old Town. The relationship between the Canongate neighbourhood and the proposed Caltongate development, which is currently suspended in the depressed economic climate, emerges in this thesis as mutually constructive, as well as principally opposed.

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17

Goode, Angela Yvonne. "Community, city, or county--who's behind the impasse in Chester's economic development?" Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/66732.

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Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 1991.
Title as it appears in the June, 1991 M.I.T. Graduate List: Community, city, or county--who is behind the impasse in Cheter's revitalization?
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 69-70).
by Angela Yvonne Goode.
M.C.P.

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18

Osmancavusoglu, Atanur. "Urban Transformation Process: Ulus Historcial City Center Planning Project." Master's thesis, METU, 2006. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12607634/index.pdf.

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This thesis, firstly, examines the main characteristics of comprehensive and strategic spatial planning and by comparing both planning understandings indicates that strategic spatial planning is thought as more suitable to the demands of both developing and developed countries in the contemporary era. Then, the main argument of the thesis is presented as Ulus Historical Center Conservation and Improvement Plan is an example of a strategic plan prepared for the purposes of conservation (development). In conformity with the general conviction that strategic plan is more flexible, adaptable to changing circumstances, action oriented, open to negotiation by various actors involved in the planning process and allowing participation by beneficiaries of the planning process, this study aims to find out the strategic plan characteristics of Ulus Historical Center Conservation and Improvement Plan by looking at its development stage, main characteristics and the implementation process. As a conclusion, displaying an alternative view and as a planning process Ulus Planning Project is different than the traditional comprehensive conservation (development) plans more displaying the characteristics of strategic spatial planning.

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19

Lyon, Jake. "The reactive city." This title; PDF viewer required. Home page for entire collection, 2009. http://archives.udmercy.edu:8080/dspace/handle/10429/9.

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20

Tishman, Maggie Bancale. "Achieving community economic development in New York City : lessons from the Kingsbridge Armory." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/90109.

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Thesis: M.C.P., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Urban Studies and Planning, 2014.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 58-65).
New York City spends over two billion dollars each year in the name of economic development. Much of this money goes to subsidize private developers in order to create jobs. However, these projects often fail to produce economic or social benefits for local residents, and sometimes impact residents negatively instead. Though community groups and advocacy organizations have made several attempts to hold the City and developers accountable to community needs, these have been mostly unsuccessful in New York. This thesis examines one case-the redevelopment of the Kingsbridge Armory in the Northwest Bronx-in which community groups and labor unions were able to secure significant community benefits and achieve meaningful participation in the development process. Drawing on key lessons from this case, this thesis proposes a framework to achieve more equitable and democratic economic development in New York City in the future.
by Maggie Bancale Tishman.
M.C.P.

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21

Güçer, Evrim Serim Erkal. "Archaeology and urban planning-a consensus between conservation and development:aphrodisias and geyre/." [s.l.]: [s.n.], 2004. http://library.iyte.edu.tr/tezler/master/sehirplanlama/T000443.pdf.

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22

Fawaz, Mona M. 1972. "Islam, resistance and community development : the case of the southern suburb of Beirut City." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/9924.

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23

Haber, Emily R. (Emily Ruth). "Successful housing management practices : the experience of two New York City community development corporations." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/66733.

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24

Au, Wai-cheong Terrence, and 歐偉昌. "Urban design guidelines: their application inurban development and redevelopment in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1996. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31259091.

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25

von, Kerczek John Daniel. "Historically-informed development in the Civic Center South area of Downtown Los Angeles." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2012. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/781.

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The site of today’s Civic Center in Downtown Los Angeles evolved gradually over the course of over 150 years before being dramatically transformed in the early to mid 20th century. Understanding how this area evolved and was redeveloped can help guide efforts to restore physical and historical continuity throughout the area. Specifically, this historical understanding can assist in identifying key opportunity sites within the area, such as Civic Center South, and in setting urban design goals for new development. Research for this thesis included an analysis of the area’s historic development and a review of its current conditions. The historical analysis examined how the study area initially developed and how it was subsequently transformed through redevelopment. The review of current conditions examined recent and proposed development in and around the Civic Center South site and recent policies and regulations that are guiding new development within Downtown Los Angeles. This study ultimately provides an overview of the historic development context of the north end of Downtown Los Angeles as well as a review of the developments and regulations influencing development within that area today.

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26

Martin, Janet Miriam Wilson. "A study of the City of Adelaide Development Committee and residential transformation /." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 1993. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09AR/09arm381.pdf.

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27

Schutte, Nathan Jeromie. "City, the place of society: a framework of architecture and community development." Kansas State University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/13792.

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Master of Science
Department of Landscape Architecture / Regional and Community Planning
Stephanie A. Rolley
Community development and architecture approach the study of the city in distinct ways while sharing the purpose of creating or modifying the places we inhabit. Community development utilizes a scientific approach through the study of place-making, developing it from a socially based tradition, in other words, communities of place. Architecture considers the city like a work of art approaching the study from a physical perspective and emphasizing form. Architecture in this context is both an element of construction in space and the totality of the construction, the whole of a community’s modification of site. Developed from the point of view of an architect, this investigation challenges the distinction between architecture and community development exploring each perspective’s study of the city. Through a linear progression of framework diagrams, modified as the result of connecting concepts between the two disciplines, this investigation demonstrates how architecture and community development can achieve a unified framework for the study of the city.

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28

Shamsuddin, Bin Damin Mohd. "New community development based on unique ideology--case study of Dar Al-Islam and Soul City." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/78977.

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29

Hall, Peter Eric. "Salvaging social justice : the significance of the relationship between planners & community services staff for local area planning in metropolitan Adelaide /." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 1993. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PLM/09plmh178.pdf.

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30

Alpan, Acalya. "Integration Of Urban Archaeological Resources To Everyday Life In The Historic City Centers Tarragona, Verona And Tarsus." Master's thesis, METU, 2005. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12606699/index.pdf.

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The recent developments in urban conservation and urban archaeology have given considerable importance to the presentation of urban archaeological remains to the public in order to raise public awareness for conservation. Parallel to this, in the last decade, urban planners have begun to seek for alternatives for creating sustainable places with the emphasis on sustainable urban development. These two goals of different disciplines meet themselves in the integration of urban archaeological remains to modern town and to modern life in historic town centers. In this context, this thesis aims to discuss how these urban archaeological resources can be integrated to everyday life in historic town centers. This is achieved by investigating two successful European cases Tarragona and Verona, and then discussing their possible contributions to a Turkish case Tarsus.

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Tlhabanelo, Malebo Philemon. "The impact of urban renewal on the health status of the community of Evaton." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/6490.

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Thesis (MPA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2011.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Urban renewal is fairly new in South Arica compared to North America where the concept was introduced around 1949. Some urban areas in South Africa lacked basic subsistence needs while others had deteriorated into slums. That prompted the present government to act against such living conditions and make environments conducive to its motto of “better life for all”. One such area was Evaton within Emfuleni Local Municipality in Gauteng. The semi-rural centennial settlement is one of the few that enjoys freehold land tenure in South Africa. Unfortunately, that contributed to its underdevelopment as the politics of land release before 1996 prevented any development by the regime. The situation led Evaton developing into a slum without basic needs such as proper infrastructure, proper sanitation, refuse removal system, adequate water supply and social amenities. The situation manifested itself in poor community health status. The health status of the community was also influenced by the prevailing socio-economic conditions such as unemployment and poverty. Communities depended on home farming and animal husbandry to support their households. Unemployment and poverty resulted in crimes of stock-theft, house robberies and muggings. Gangsterism became the lifestyle of hooligans which made life difficult for vulnerable community members. Moreover, environmental health conditions were appalling. Water was drawn from improperly covered wells. Pit latrines and ash dumps were used for sanitation thus causing fly-breeding and rodent habourage. Animals roamed about while backyards were overpopulated with shacks instead of decent housing. Fossil fuel fires used inside mud houses with poor ventilation caused carbon monoxide poisoning. Particulate matter from dusty streets polluted the air. Diseases spread easily due to dust, overcrowding, and poor ventilation and sanitation. Families could hardly afford proper medical care which was scarce, remote and expensive. The intended urban renewal project aimed to improve the living conditions in Evaton. Improved housing was provided where possible, sewerage reticulation system was widened, electricity was installed and some service roads were tarred. More clinics were built to provide better and free health services to the community. Modern shopping malls were built. Municipal health and other essential services were partly delivered. The prospects of improved health status were beaming. Unfortunately, the project was hampered by obstacles such as politics of resistance to land release by landlords, which retarded housing progress. Funding was problematic and allegedly misused. Housing, roads and sanitation remained poor. Air quality remained poor as fossil fuel continued to be used due to high electricity costs. Animals were still kept and unemployment rate remained high. Research findings revealed that suspicions regarding clandestine land release deals were abound. Residents blamed leaders for offering jobs to friends and associates. Provision of affordable housing was rather too slow and made tedious by squabbles over management issues. Local economic development crucial to job creation and poverty alleviation needed strengthening to encourage self-reliance. It would be recommended that the situation in Evaton be afforded urgent intervention by government, with the support of strong community participation, which is crucial for smooth implementation of processes meant to improve living conditions in Evaton. Regeneration, with its envisaged prospects, needed the co-operation of all stakeholders. All suspicions regarding projects and processes had to be overcome. It would be important to employ persons with appropriate expertise, preferably from the local community; to strengthen project management for positive outcomes that would impact on the health status of the community was important.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Stedelike hernuwing in Suid-Afrika is ‘n redelike nuwe konsep in vergelyking met Noord- Amerika waar stedelike hernuwing reeds vanaf 1949 plaasgevind het Sommige stedelike areas in Suid-Afrika het agteruitgegaan as agtergebuurtes met ‘n tekort aan basiese lewensbehoeftes. Hierdie situasie het die huidige regering aangemoedig om aksie te neem teen hierdie lewenskondisies en ook beheer oor hierdie agtergebuurtes te neem ter ondersteuning van die regering se slagspreuk: “Beter lewe vir almal”. Een so ‘n area in Gauteng is Evaton, wat onder beheer van Emfuleni Plaaslike Munisipaliteit is. ‘n Honderd jare oue semi-plaaslike plek het vrye besitreg van eiendom in Suid-Afrika bepaal. Ongelukkig het hierdie bygedra tot onderontwikkeling aangesien politiese besluite rakende grond ontplooiing en ontwikkeling in Evaton negatief beïnvloed was deur die beherende bewind van daardie tyd. Hierdie situasie het ook bygedra dat Evaton in ‘n agtergebuurte verval het sonder voldoening aan basiese behoeftes soos aanvaarbare infrastruktuur, sanitasie, vullisverwydering, genoegsame water voorsiening en sosiale geriewe. Hierdie omstandighede het gevolglik aanleiding gegee dat Evaton gemeenskap onder andere lae gesondheidstatus geniet. Die gesondheidstatus van Evaton gemeenskap is verder ook beïnvloed deur heersende sosioekonomiese kondisies soos werkloosheid en armoede. Die gemeenskap was dus afhanklik van selfonderhoudende landbou- en veeboerdery ter wille van oorlewing. Werkloosheid en armoede het gevolglik ook aanleiding gegee tot misdade soos veediefstal, huisinbrake en rooftogte. Bendewese het ‘n leefstyl geword van straatboewe wat die lewe verder bemoeilik het vir kwetsbare gemeenskapslede. Walglike omgewingsgesondheid kondisies het gevolglik ook verder die oorhand gekry. Water is uit onbeskermde putte getap en buite toilette en ashope is vir sanitasie geriewe gebruik. Vlieë het uitgebroei en knaagdiere het daar begin aanteel. Vee het vry gewei en agtererwe was vol oorbevolkte krotte instede van aanvaarbare wonings Vure van fossielbrandstof is binne-in modderhuise met swak ventilasie gebrand en dit het tot koolstofmonoksied vergiftiging by inwoners gelei. Stofdeeltjies van stofstrate het lugbesoedeling veroorsaak. Siektes het vinnig versprei as gevolg van stof, oorbevolking, swak ventilasie en onhigiëniese sanitasie. Gesinne kon skaars geskikte mediese behandeling bekostig wat ver, skaars en duur was. Die stedelike hernuwingsprogram beoog om lewenskondisies in Evaton te verbeter. Beter behuising is verskaf waar moontlik, ‘n wyer rioolnetwerk is voorsien, elektrisiteit is voorsien en sekere dienspaaie is geteer. Meer klinieke is gebou om sodoende beter asook gratis gesondheidsdienste aan Evaton gemeenskap te voorsien. Ongelukkig was daar struikelblokke wat die stedelike hernuwingsprogram vertraag het. Die behuising projek kon nie volgens beplanning verloop nie aangesien grondeienaars onwillig was om hul grond af te staan. Fondse was nie genoeg nie en volgens aantuigings misbruik. Behuising, paaie en sanitasie bly nog swaak. Lugbesoedeling is steeds hoog aangesien fossielbrandstof steeds gebruik word as gevolg van hoë elektrisiteitskostes. Vee word steeds vrylik aangehou en die werkloosheid syfer is steeds baie hoog. Hierdie situasie in Evaton eis onmiddellik intervensie. Suspisies rakende grondhervorming moet oorkom word. Voorsiening van bekostigbare behuising moet verskerp word. Plaaslike ekonomiese ontwikkeling wat noodsaaklik is vir werk skepping en armoede verligting moet aangespreek word om sodoende self-versorging aan te moedig. Intervensie van die Regering, met goeie gemeenkap deelname, is noodsaaklik vir gesonde lewenstandaarde in Evaton. Hervorming met beplande vooruitsigte sal dringend verskerp moet word sodat die impak van gesondheid standaarde op Evaton gemeenskap positief beïnvloed kan word.

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32

Holzberg, Jenna. "West Tampa : economic development and community engagement within an urban neighborhood." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2006. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0001834.

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33

Broudehoux, Anne-Marie. "Neighborhood regeneration in Beijing : an overview of projects implemented in the inner city since 1990." Thesis, McGill University, 1994. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=26238.

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Over the last forty years, China has been facing major problems resuIting from rapid urban growth. In the last decades, great efforts were made to solve the dramatic housing shortage and to improve the appalling living conditions in overcrowded areas. In 1990, the Beijing municipal government launched a program for the renewal of the old city center. A series of residential projects has been implemented in traditional neighborhoods since then which have affected the character of the old city and the lives of its residents. So far, very few studies have been conducted to assess the implementation of the renewal program. This thesis provides an overview of the regeneration projects implemented in the inner-city of Beijing since 1990. It identifies the diverse approaches currently used, along with their impacts on the traditional environment and its population. The main weaknesses of the renewal program are discussed and suggestions are made for its future transformation.

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Huang, Lei. "Housing development in the context of the modernization, urbanization and conservation of Chinese traditional cities Beijing, Shanghai and Suzhou /." online access from Digital dissertation consortium, 2000. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/er/db/ddcdiss.pl?9960015.

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35

Wong, Pui-sai Kitty, and 黃沛茜. "Sustainable communities and urban revitalization: case studies of two community parks in Wan Chai." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2004. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B3126136X.

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Kagande, Albert Tafadzwa. "The socio-economic impact of urban renewal projects in South Africa townships." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/17756.

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Urban areas have become strategic locations where many throng to for a better life. However, wealth and economic opportunities are not evenly distributed in these urban spaces. South Africa is a fairly young democracy whose urban landscape has been largely shaped by the colonial apartheid system. The apartheid system segregated and relegated the black majority to the fringes of the cities into crowded communities characterised by poor living conditions, exclusion from the mainstream economy and limited urban amenities. Townships epitomise the harsh reality of the urban poor and how underdevelopment has been perpetuated. South Africa came up with different policies to redress the historical imbalances and inform urban development strategies. Urban renewal has been implemented as a development strategy in various cities across the world in an attempt to revive and improve the social, economic and environmental state of derelict urban spaces. Townships in South Africa have been the target areas for urban renewal with 8 presidential nodes having been initially identified for such in 2001. Eventually, Helenvale was added to the mix as a prime node in 2006 and the Helenvale Urban Renewal Project (HURP) was birthed - Helenvale and HURP being the identified site and project for this research respectively. An evaluative approach was adopted in assessing the socio-economic impact of urban renewal in South Africa townships and more specifically the socio-economic impact of HURP. Helenvale, like most townships in South Africa, is characterised by a high density settlement pattern, poverty, high unemployment, high rate of violence and crime, drug trade and substance abuse as well as a high rate of school dropouts. The Helenvale Urban Renewal Project (HURP) was implemented by the Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality (NMBM) and eventually the Mandela Bay Development Agency (MBDA) with the intention to rejuvenate the community on the social, economic and environmental front. The study findings showed that Helenvale, like all urban renewal nodes in South Africa had a number of socio-economic issues which prompted HURP. These include high unemployment (was 53.5% in 2013); alarming levels of violence and crime; drug trade and substance abuse and high rate of school dropout. Between 2007 and 2014, different projects were implemented under HURP, focusing mainly on physical development and community building. Study respondents had mixed reactions and perceptions of the impact of HURP. On one hand, the project saw the community benefit from the constructed public facilities like recreational parks and resource centre as well as capacity development and created employment opportunities. On the other hand, unemployment has persisted with only a small proportion of the population benefiting from the created jobs; crime remains unabated; drug trade has persisted leaving parents fearing for their young and gang violence has rendered the provided safe public physical features ineffective and the housing challenge has also not been resolved. By and large urban renewal and in this particular study, HURP has made great strides in improving the social and economic standing of the township community despite the challenges that are still lurking. A number of recommendations were proposed for similar studies and for urban renewal initiatives in South Africa. For the latter the study recommended having a robust policy that speaks to urban renewal directly and informs such. Other propositions include allowing the community to own and be stewards of urban renewal initiatives; allocating enough resources, both human and financial; and tailoring the project to respond to the needs of a particular community and not a one size fits all approach. In terms of similar studies the study recommends using a mixed methods approach to evaluate the impact of such ventures as well as evaluating more than one urban renewal initiatives for comparison and to allow for the generalizability of the findings.

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Koo, Wing-yan, and 古詠欣. "Community impact analysis for urban renewal in Hong Kong: an illustration on the application of the method." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31260536.

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38

Kidd, Philip T. "Raze or Repair: the Effects of Neighborhood-Based Community Development on Crime in Youngstown, Ohio." Youngstown State University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ysu1535112102147535.

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39

Dietrich, Edward J. "What is important in community development a survey of what people think is important in redeveloping neighborhoods /." Muncie, Ind. : Ball State University, 2008. http://cardinalscholar.bsu.edu/356.

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Bancroft, Sharon L. "The Evolution of Urban Community Development Corporations in Response to Contemporary Challenges and Opportunities." VCU Scholars Compass, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10156/1719.

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41

Shackleton, Charlie, and Nanamhla Gwedla. "Street trees contribute to urban sustainability in South African towns." Rhodes University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/54269.

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Urban green spaces and trees are increasingly recognised as crucial elements in the quest for urban sustainability internationally, and for the promotion of urban liveability and quality of life in cities. So much so that many countries now have guidelines or regulations regarding either the amount of urban greenery that must be provided per capita, or the maximum distance that any dwelling can be from green spaces of stipulated sizes. For example, the European Union recently more than doubled its recommendation of 9 m2 of public green per person to 20 m2 per person.

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Grubbs, Thomas E. "ENTREPRENEURIALISM MEETS THE SUSTAINABLE CITY: THE CASE OF LEXINGTON’S TOWN BRANCH COMMONS." UKnowledge, 2017. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/geography_etds/52.

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Although the idea of the entrepreneurial city is nothing new, recent research in contemporary urban geography and related disciplines indicates that the modus operandi of such entrepreneurial endeavors has shifted, as a result of an increasing recognition and acceptance of global climate change, to include and even prioritize sustainable urban development discourses and practices. While these discourses purportedly culminate in the production of the “sustainable city,” they often fail to deliver upon their promise to create a greener, more sustainable city for all. Such practices, in an effort to help cities obtain an urban sustainability fix (While et al. 2004), often lead to the selective uptake and implementation of “sustainable” policies and projects by local governments and members of the urban elite in their efforts to positively market their respective cities to potential residents and investors. The city of Lexington, Kentucky’s ongoing efforts to establish a new downtown park system—the Town Branch Commons—along the route of a once buried stream, is representative of how such a sustainability fix is both conceived of and ultimately produced by urban elites in the contemporary neoliberal city.

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Davis, Laura L. "The public role in private real estate development markets : tools to facilitate the redevelopment of urban areas." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/23781.

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Detwiler, Robert. "Redefining suburban peripheries." This title: PDF viewer required Home page for entire collection, 2007. http://archives.udmercy.edu:8080/dspace/handle/10429/9.

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45

Jordan, Adrianna L. "The Historical Influence of Railroads on Urban Development and Future Economic Potential in San Luis Obispo." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2011. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/623.

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Abstract The Historical Influence of Railroads on Urban Development and Future Economic Potential in San Luis Obispo Adrianna L. Jordan Today the sound of a train passing through San Luis Obispo may be intermittent and faint, but persistent nonetheless, a reminder that the railroad (displaced eventually by the automobile and accompanying expansion of highways and road systems, and later by air connectivity) was a significant force in the development of the City of San Luis Obispo. The sound of railroads evokes a sentimental reminder of the past, but the railroad’s continued presence in the city, cutting through its urban fabric, raises intriguing questions as to what constructive role it can play in the evolving city economy. Can the railroad make a contribution to the new economy of the 21st Century? And if so, how? These questions are worth considering beyond nostalgia for a railroad-dominated past as we become more concerned, nationally and especially so in the State of California, about living sustainably. The aspiration to create communities that reduce dependence and expenditure on the automobile and the petroleum based economy that it represents has surfaced as an important goal, one that might enable us to live within our resource base. In this emerging context of heightened concern about integrating sustainability into current development, what role will, and might, the railroad play in shaping future developments and influencing land use? This work explores these questions by tracing the intertwined histories of transportation and land use in the City of San Luis Obispo from the 18th century Spanish mission era to the 19th century railroad era to the present-day automobile and air travel era. Although the heyday of rail as an economic driver in the city has come and gone, San Luis Obispo’s Railroad District, with the award-winning Railroad District Plan for its place-making guide, is poised for continued revitalization. Public and commercial entities such as the Amtrak Station, the Railroad Museum, the Park Hotel building and its restaurants, and the Railroad Square Channel Commercial Building anchor the district and serve as pulse points of activity for locals and tourists alike. In addition, the Railroad District’s excellent pedestrian and bicycle connectivity helps to link it with the rest of the city and channels people to it. Given the present concern over greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from motor vehicles, rising fuel costs, shortages of oil, and the centralized land-use patterns popular in New Urbanism and required by SB 375, it is possible that the railroad, or some other form of fixed rail public transportation might once again become a preferred mode of long-distance transport to the major metropolitan areas south and north of the city and beyond.

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Lau, Yuen-yee Judy, and 劉婉儀. "The city paradox: to integrate informal settlement community into urban context with sustainable landscapeintervention." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B47543851.

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Mannebach, David. "Public vein." This title; PDF viewer required. Home page for entire collection, 2010. http://archives.udmercy.edu:8080/dspace/handle/10429/9.

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48

Nolan, Caroline, Mary Ostafi, and Mélina Planchenault. "Catalytic City Planning : Leveraging the Development Planning Process to move a Community Strategically towards Sustainability with Dublin City Case Study." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Avdelningen för maskinteknik, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-3502.

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More than half the world’s population now lives in urban areas putting the city on the frontline of the social and environmental challenge and yet, city planning presents many opportunities to move a city towards sustainability. The city development plan (DP) is a powerful vehicle for change. This research seeks to understand the gaps between an ideal catalytic development planning process and current reality, and provide recommendations to support the attainment of a city’s sustainability objectives. The Framework for Strategic Sustainable Development (FSSD) was used to define a generic “Golden Standard” planning process to help the local authority better leverage its internal resources and refine governance systems to achieve long-lasting cultural change from within to accelerate the city’s progression towards sustainability. A case study with the Dublin City Council’s Planning Department in Ireland provided valuable insight and limited practical application of the Golden Standard.

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Gravel, Ryan Austin. "Belt line - Atlanta design of infrastructure as a reflection of public policy /." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1999. http://www.smartech.gatech.edu/handle/1853/7400/2/Beltline-2005addendum.pdf.

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50

Trahey, John A. "Development and destruction in downtown St. John's : the embodiment of cultural values in architecture, a case study of urban development and heritage preservation in St. John's, Newfoundland, 1977-1997 /." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0018/MQ54967.pdf.

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