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Benkő, Melinda, and Tibor Germán. "Crime prevention aspects of public space renewal in Budapest." Journal of Place Management and Development 9, no. 2 (July 11, 2016): 191–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jpmd-09-2015-0034.
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Purpose Security is one of the most important challenges for contemporary integrated urban developments. In Hungary, every strategic document highlights this goal, seeking social and smart city solutions to the problem. Yet, what about crime prevention through environmental design (CPTED)? The purpose of the paper is to introduce a Central-European perspective into the international discussion of the topic. Design/methodology/approach Focusing on European Union-funded renewal of public space in the historic city centre of Budapest, the research investigates how urban security can be facilitated through urban planning and design. The analysis of two projects based on design documents and interviews with actors highlights the importance of CPTED, although it is not recognised officially either in the development or in the management phase. Findings March 15th Square is an attractive contemporary public space in the tourist-historic city centre. The project was centrally planned, executed with typical EU indicators, but without any special requirements for security. The process resulted in a safescape. By contrast, the main principal for the renewal of Teleki László Square, the first Hungarian example of community-based planning, was to instil a feeling of security. The public square became a fenced defensible space. Practical implications The analysis method can be used for other projects evaluating changes in urban security due to public space renewal: history, requirements for security, design solutions for space division, materials and urban furniture, as well as use of space and management after the regeneration. Originality/value The paper uncovers Hungarian cases where environmental crime prevention criteria are not explicitly but implicitly present in contemporary urban planning and design. In relation to urban security, it highlights the gap that exists among disciplines, indicative of a lack of dialogue among policymakers, researchers, designers and management.
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Meller, Helen. "Urban renewal and citizenship: the quality of life in British cities, 1890-1990." Urban History 22, no. 1 (May 1995): 63–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s096392680001138x.
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This paper juxtaposes two key themes: the concept of citizenship and ideas on urban renewal over the past century. The aim is to explore the interaction of cultural changes and the physical environment of cities. The concept of citizenship represents a cultural response to social change which itself has changed dramatically over the past century. Urban renewal has taken many forms. Yet behind all the growing technical expertise in dealing with the physical environment, there are specific social responses to the city which legitimize action. By looking at citizenship and urban renewal together, it is possible to establish a perspective on how the urban environment has been manipulated over the past century, often in ways which have barely interfaced with the social demands of many sections of the community.
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Wang, Xiaoxiao, Ruiting Shi, and Ting Wang. "Research on the fuzzy evaluation of the livability of old urban communities using an analytic hierarchy process – a case study of Nanjing city in China." Open House International 46, no. 2 (June 3, 2021): 213–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-02-2021-0040.
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Purpose Due to the different actual construction conditions in different cities, the requirements for community livability may also differ due to different geographical locations and urban construction priorities. The research system in this paper can be applied to study similar old communities in old urban areas. The indicator system would need to be adjusted in different places, based on specific construction situations and higher planning requirements. This process would provide valuable insights for effective construction projects that support the livability of the old communities. Design/methodology/approach Based on sustainable and people-oriented development principles, this study considered the development of old urban communities during today’s rapid urban renewal and development. Using previous literature and related research experience, this study established an evaluation indicator system to assess the livability of old urban communities. Based on the local resident experience and satisfaction, the study investigated current weaknesses in the construction of livable old urban communities and developed corresponding recommendations for reform based on these. The goal was to provide guidance and recommendations for renewing old communities in during urban development and further promote the sustainable development of the city. Findings Based on the people-oriented principle and focusing on old urban communities as the research object, this study constructed an evaluation indicator system to evaluate the livability of urban old communities. The goal was to identify the weaknesses in the construction of old urban communities, with a focus on livability. Using the Bei’anmen community in Nanjing as a case study, the AHP method and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method were applied to evaluate the overall target level and specific indicators, with the goal of assessing the level of livability in the Bei’anmen community.[AQ2] The results show that the livability of the Bei’anmen community is “very poor,” with significant room for improvements in community livability. This study also proposed corresponding measures for improving problems related to livability in the old urban community. Establishing the indicator system may help evaluate the livability of similar old communities in Nanjing and the same types of old communities in other cities. Understanding the overall livability of communities under construction can help identify weaknesses in other own construction approaches and may inform appropriate steps to improve the sustainable construction of the community in the wave of continuous urban renewal. This may realize the further development of livability in the community. Originality/value The community is an integral part of the city and strengthening the community’s civilization can support a harmonious and stable social environment. In constructing livable communities, improving the community civilization can promote social progress and civilization, promote social harmony and support the harmonious and sustainable development of communities. To strengthen the construction of a livable community, it is important to apply a residential perspective and provide a good platform for managing community participation and interaction. This may include organizing community-level cultural activities and strengthening communication between residents to increase the residents’ affection for the community. This would enhance the residents’ sense of belonging, forming a harmonious and stable atmosphere of community life, mutual help and mutual tolerance.
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Tynen, Sarah. "Lived Space of Urban Development: The Everyday Politics of Spatial Production in Nanjing, China." Space and Culture 22, no. 2 (May 14, 2018): 172–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1206331218774480.
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This article is about experiences of insecurity and the pursuit of resources in the midst of impending housing demolition in the city of Nanjing, China. How do everyday practices reproduce or contest spatial production of the neighborhood? How do residents articulate belonging in urban space? How does spatial production interact with social and cultural life in the neighborhood? Through an ethnographic study of the discourses and practices in an old city neighborhood in China, I find that residents construct their urban neighborhood community through social and cultural means by (1) building and maintaining relationships and (2) negotiating their right to the city. I use state propaganda, ethnographic field notes, and interview data to show how urban inhabitants create their city neighborhood. How residents create space in their neighborhood by building relationships and contesting the right to its resources illustrate their making sense of social belonging and conflicted experiences with urban renewal projects.
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Elrick, John W. "Simulating renewal: Postwar technopolitics and technological urbanism." Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 38, no. 6 (June 2, 2020): 1120–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0263775820928391.
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This article traces the terms and practices underwriting emergent forms of urban government to technical efforts to simulate markets after the Second World War. With an eye toward contemporary techno-utopian schemes and city-building initiatives, I argue that the basis of technological approaches to urban rule today—a conception of cities as complex socio-economic systems amenable to market-driven optimization—was forged by postwar administrators and technicians in response to the vicissitudes of uneven development. To advance this claim, I examine the history of San Francisco’s Community Renewal Program, an early modeling initiative sponsored in the US by the federal government. After situating it in the context of racialized housing markets and policies, I probe the Community Renewal Program’s attempt to build a computer model capable of forecasting the effects of redevelopment on housing markets. Though the Community Renewal Program model ultimately proved unviable as a planning tool, expert appraisals of it at the time simultaneously confirmed the characterization of cities as systems of market signals and affirmed in principle the ability to model and thus manage them given an appropriate technological infrastructure. In this light, current municipal design and development projects premised on interactive and remote-sensing technologies express something of the technocratic politics and optimism of the mid-20th century.
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Allen, Peter. "The End of Modernism?" Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 70, no. 3 (September 1, 2011): 354–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jsah.2011.70.3.354.
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The making of People's Park in Berkeley, California, in 1969 was accompanied by some of the most violent student protests of its era. While these events can be seen as an episode in the movement of student radicalism that focused on the Vietnam War, Peter Allen suggests that conflicting visions of architecture and urban space stood at the center of the People's Park violence. The End of Modernism? People's Park, Urban Renewal, and Community Design argues that the movement to create the park was a reaction to a university program of campus expansion, which had razed existing older housing to build modernist high-rise residential towers, and the urban renewal scheme jointly supported by the city and the university. The events drew on new paradigms in planning and architecture, as People's Park attracted the support of many design professors and students. For them, it was a test case for theories of community-based development in architecture and planning, and their story provides a glimpse into profound divisions in the design professions in the late 1960s.
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Pawan, Sawut, and Abiguli Niyazi. "From Mahalla to Xiaoqu." Inner Asia 18, no. 1 (May 5, 2016): 121–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22105018-12340056.
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Owing to high rates of economic growth and increased urbanization efforts, China raised the country’s urbanisation rate to 50 per cent in 2012. ‘Old town renewal’—an important component of urbanisation—has significantly affected the lives of urban residents throughout China. This article focuses on urban transformations in the old city of Kashgar in southern Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region. While more and more Chinese scholars are concerned with how effectively to implement the project in the old town itself, only a few are concerned with the resettlement actions caused by the renewal. This paper focuses precisely on this and analyses the challenges related to relocation, changes in the old town community and adaptation strategies in new residential compounds.
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Schlichting, Kara Murphy. "Rethinking the Bronx’s “Soundview Slums”." Journal of Planning History 16, no. 2 (August 12, 2016): 112–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1538513216661206.
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In the 1910s, the bungalow colony Harding Park developed on marshy Clason Point. Through the 1930s–1950s, Robert Moses sought to modernize this East Bronx waterfront through the Parks Department and the Committee on Slum Clearance. While localism and special legislative treatment enabled Harding Park’s preservation as a co-op in 1981, the abandonment of master planning left neighboring Soundview Park unfinished. The entwined histories of recreation and residency on Clason Point reveal the beneficial and detrimental effects of both urban renewal and community development, while also demonstrating the complicated relationship between localism and large-scale planning in postwar New York City.
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Muhamad Khair, Nur Khairlida, Khai Ern Lee, and Mazlin Mokhtar. "Sustainable City and Community Empowerment through the Implementation of Community-Based Monitoring: A Conceptual Approach." Sustainability 12, no. 22 (November 17, 2020): 9583. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12229583.
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A sustainable city should promote the active participation of its civil society in urban planning and development of cities as the means to satisfy their needs. However, the absence of an appropriate platform has caused the public to lose interest and neglect the process of planning and development. This article attempts to develop a conceptual framework for sustainable cities and communities’ empowerment through the introduction of community-based monitoring as a means to increase community resilience and well-being. Community-based monitoring is designed to be instrumental in addressing environmental sustainability issues with public participation, where the community champions the environmental monitoring process for the decision making of planning and development of cities. The conceptual framework is expected to serve as an approach in driving the urban community towards attaining a more inclusive, safe, resilient, and sustainable environment.
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Dudek-Klimiuk, Joanna, and Barbara Warzecha. "Intelligent Urban Planning and Ecological Urbanscape-Solutions for Sustainable Urban Development. Case Study of Wolfsburg." Sustainability 13, no. 9 (April 27, 2021): 4903. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13094903.
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Intelligent urban planning and ecological urbanism can be recognized as two of the key solutions to act against urban sprawl. This process is associated with suburbanization, blurring boundaries between the city and suburbs, and the undefined role of open and green spaces within new structures. It has been identified as the biggest and the most common problem worldwide. This non-central planning has a huge impact not only on economic aspects, but—most of all—on the ecological and landscaping balance within the urban area. This study covers not only the recognition of the outlined situation, but also a conceptual proposal to challenge the problems of urban sprawl. The city of Wolfsburg serves as a case study to which the tools of Ecological Urbanism and Intelligent Urbanism were applied. A corrective plan for the study area has been worked out, based on the main approaches in urban planning of the 21st century. The green transformation processes to achieve resiliency within urban areas are inevitable and will have to be conducted due to the rising number of the dwellers, steadily changing climate, and socio-economic conditions all over the world. The main solutions include mainly the system of green corridors, interconnectedness of open spaces, walkability with smart mobile options and social community as a nucleus of a local neighborhood.
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Suptelo, Olha. "Post-Industrial Transformations of the Old-Industrial Districts of Kharkiv." Ekonomichna ta Sotsialna Geografiya, no. 83 (2020): 53–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2413-7154/2020.83.53-62.
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The basic principles of the concept of “new” urbanism and the liberalization of urban policy contributed to the involvement of local people in the planning and management of urban space. In such conditions, the question of theoretical and practical components of the urban studies at different levels of the city functioning receives high importance. The concept of socio-geosystem suggests that changes, even at the lowest levels, lead to transformation of the entire system. The purpose of this study is to analyze the theoretical background and practical foundations of the implementation of the principles of “new” urbanism at the local level of urban socio-geosystems. This analysis allows assessing the current state of urban space and identifying problems and prospects for its further development. The basis of this study is the use of systematic and synergistic approaches to the study of the city. The selected research site, an old-industrial district in the central part of Kharkiv, is an example of traditional urban transformations in Eastern Ukraine, the main feature of which is fragmentation. Within the study site, almost all major urban functional areas were combined. Such process as neo-industrialization is combined with deindustrialization, and depression with renewal and revitalization, at the same time. The main identified problem of development of such areas can be considered the lack of planning for their development. The result is low social involvement of local residents in urban transformations, which is primarily the consequence of existing social problems. Instead, it is “tactical” urbanism at the local and intralocal levels that can be considered the basis of urban transformations that take into account the views of the community.
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Couch, Chris. "Housing renewal and the community in a shrinking city: Two recent books on Liverpool – a review article." Town Planning Review 79, no. 6 (November 2008): 695–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/tpr.79.6.7.
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Lai, Yani, Lin Jiang, and Xiaoxiao Xu. "Exploring Spatio-Temporal Patterns of Urban Village Redevelopment: The Case of Shenzhen, China." Land 10, no. 9 (September 16, 2021): 976. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10090976.
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The redevelopment of urban villages is a prominent part of urban renewal in China, which has attracted much attention from the academic community. However, the understanding of when and where the redevelopment of urban villages occurs is still limited partly because of the lack of empirical analysis. Through exploratory spatial data and overlay analyses, this study examines the spatio-temporal distribution characteristics based on data from 277 urban village redevelopment projects in Shenzhen, China, between 2010 and 2018. Results demonstrate that the redevelopment of urban villages occurs in central and suburban areas but rarely occurs in the periphery of the city. The overall spatial distribution is spatially clustered, having become increasingly significant from 2010 to 2018. In the beginning, the redevelopment of urban villages was dispersed in diverse areas and partly expanded into adjacent neighbourhoods. A majority of redevelopment took place in areas near the planning urban centres and the planning subway stations, which are almost in Density Zones I–III. The findings of this study contribute to new spatio-temporal perspectives in the global process mechanism of urban village redevelopment and call for special attention to the significant influences of state intervention, which is an informative reference for future sustainable urban development.
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Madrazo, Leandro. "The Social Construction of a Neighbour-Hood Identity." Open House International 44, no. 1 (March 1, 2019): 71–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-01-2019-b0009.
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The urban renewal process in neighbourhoods with well-rooted communities often reveals the ties between people and spaces, and highlights the inextricable links between social and physical structures. The residents of three neighbour-hoods in the city of Barcelona–Trinitat Nova, Plus Ultra and Vallcarca–have endured and fought against the threat of radical urban renewals planned by the municipal authorities for decades, and their efforts have only recently been rewarded with the acceptance of their demands by local administrations. In this period, residents organized themselves to defend their vision of the place against official plans, a vision which was a collective construction of personal memories and historical evidences. In the PROHABIT research project, we have undertaken an interdisciplinary study, involving architects-planners and social and environmental psychologists, to understand the process of construction of a sense of community and place identity in three neighbourhoods. The study has highlighted the need to overcome the divisions between social sciences and design disciplines, between the real world of experience and the abstract world of design thinking. In this regard, the work conducted in this project offers some insights into the need to create a holistic understanding of today's urban environment, and how architects and planners need to develop skills and methods to enable them to form part of the open and participatory planning systems which our contemporary urban environments demand.
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Jones, Brian, and Shirley Beresford. "Leeds and the Northern Arts Prize." Journal of Place Management and Development 7, no. 3 (October 7, 2014): 247–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jpmd-11-2012-0040.
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Purpose – This paper aims to look at the nature of the relationship between the marketing of the contemporary visual arts, cultural tourism and city and urban regeneration. This exploratory study of the marketing of the contemporary visual arts in Leeds has, as its background narrative, the emergence of BritArt. Design/methodology/approach – The growth of contemporary visual arts provides the context for a case study of the Northern Art Prize, which was first awarded in 2007. Findings – The study found a number of factors for success that can aid urban renewal and city regeneration. Private sector marketing expertise levered into the management of the project was one critical success factor. Another was that private sector funding freed up marketers and artists and allowed risk-taking. Participants highlighted a lack of vision for the contemporary visual arts in the city and region and a strong desire for new collaborative working and new governance structures for the delivery of arts marketing and cultural tourism. Originality/value – The Northern Art Prize offers much for the marketing of contemporary visual arts, cultural tourism, city branding and urban renewal. Investing in and marketing of the arts is argued to serve as a stimulus that can bring a range of benefits for the business and wider community. Marketing, especially arts marketing, can help deliver social, economic and urban regeneration.
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Fu, Yang, and Weihong Ma. "Sustainable Urban Community Development: A Case Study from the Perspective of Self-Governance and Public Participation." Sustainability 12, no. 2 (January 14, 2020): 617. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12020617.
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(1) Background: There is a global trend to stimulate sustainable urbanization by updating the hardware of the built environment with green technologies. However, simply greening the city hardware does not ensure a sustainable urban system. In reality, urban communities, as cells of the city, play a crucial role in the sustainable development of the entire city. (2) Methods: This paper conducts a case study by investigating a community in Taipei with semi-structured interviews and other first-hand data. It examines how self-organization, voluntary groups, and the public participation of community members has successfully institutionalized a governing system for the sustainable development of communities; (3) Results: This paper identifies the major actors and mechanisms underpinning the sustainable development of urban communities with a case study in Taipei. The establishment of this more cost-effective form of community governance will possibly provide more benefits to community members; (4) Conclusions: This case study will shed light on the sustainable development of urban community in many other cities, offering possible pathways and epitome for self-organization of urban community in the coming era. Its cost-effective institutional design contributes greatly to sustainable community development, partly solving the current failure to promote urban sustainability.
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Treija, Sandra, Ugis Bratuškins, and Edgars Bondars. "GREEN OPEN SPACE IN LARGE SCALE HOUSING ESTATES: A PLACE FOR CHALLENGE." JOURNAL OF ARCHITECTURE AND URBANISM 36, no. 4 (January 2, 2013): 264–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/20297955.2012.753981.
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The renewal of urban areas by developing green open spaces increases the overall quality of life and helps to reduce social exclusion. Urban green open space can help to constitute a framework where urban society and culture can develop, and to increase identity and a sense of community. It can be used to provide a ground for education and raise an awareness of the way ecosystems function and how urban functions can be integrated into the natural system. Despite the known socio-economic benefits resulting from it, considerations regarding sustainable land use planning often occupy a secondary role when designing city quarters. There exist many pressures – essentially market-related and driven by short-term thinking – for unsustainable development. Housing ownership reform, carrying out denationalization and privatization, along with a core capital for many inhabitants has also created a range of problems – one of them: as a result of denationalisation of land properties, when the land in large-scale residential districts was returned to the previous owners and then provided as the minimum required land to the privatised buildings, the original spatial composition of districts was completely destroyed, creating a legal basis for new construction in large-scale residential districts.
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Mowery, Kara, and Mathew Novak. "Challenges, motivations, and desires of downtown revitalizers." Journal of Place Management and Development 9, no. 1 (March 14, 2016): 9–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jpmd-09-2015-0035.
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Purpose This study aims to identify the motivations, challenges and desires of the various actors working in contemporary downtown revitalization in mid-sized cities. Design/methodology/approach Using Spokane, Washington, as a case study, 24 semi-structured interviews were conducted with key players in downtown redevelopment, including public administrators, private developers and non-profit representatives. Findings Results indicate that those conducting renewal projects are primarily motivated by economics, but additionally cite heritage preservation values and community development as significant factors. Moreover, contemporary renewal projects are found to be small-scale endeavours, undertaken by individual private investors, as government involvement has significantly diminished. Revitalizers tended to express frustration with a lack of investor and public awareness regarding renewal opportunities, suggesting that increased information dissemination might promote further renewal work within mid-sized urban downtowns. Originality/value Findings provide insight into issues with neoliberal policies in addressing contemporary urban issues, and suggest a more nuanced understanding of contemporary urban development processes beyond the narrowly defined profit-driven paradigm.
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Ihsan, K. T. N., A. D. Sakti, and K. Wikantika. "GEOSPATIAL ASSESSMENT FOR PLANNING A SMART ENERGY CITY USING ROOFTOP SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC IN BANDUNG CITY, INDONESIA." International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIV-M-3-2021 (August 10, 2021): 83–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliv-m-3-2021-83-2021.
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Abstract. Increasing the production of clean and environmentally friendly energy has become one of the world agendas as a strategic effort in dealing with long-term climate change. Seeing the potential of the energy produced, the ease in the installation process, with the small risk of harm generated, solar energy has received significant attention from many countries in the world. The potential for solar energy in Indonesia alone reaches 207 GWp, but only 145.81 MWp has been utilized. Currently, the Indonesian government has set a target to build a Solar Power Plant capacity in 2025 of 6.5 GWh. Urban areas are areas with higher energy demand than rural areas, but the availability of vacant land in urban areas is very minimal for installing solar power plants. Therefore, rooftop solar PV(Photovoltaic) can be a solution in dense areas such as cities. Good planning by looking at the potential resources and energy needs in spatial is needed to manage and utilize energy optimally and sustainably in urban areas. This study aims to develop a geospatial assessment for plan smart energy city that uses rooftop solar PV's potential energy in every building that is effective and efficient. The novelty in the analysis of the distribution of the potential for rooftop solar PV development in urban areas integrates meteorological and spatial aspects and socio-economic aspects. Integration of multi-dynamic spatial data uses in determining the rooftop solar PV construction location, such as meteorological data for solar energy potential, increasing energy needs of each building, and socio-economy data. The data source used comes from statistical data and remote sensing data. The analysis will be carried out temporally (2008, 2013, and 2018) to see the pattern of changes in aspects used in a certain period so that the development plan can be carried out more optimally. This research's output is the formation of a priority analysis of solar PV rooftop construction in urban areas, especially the city of Bandung. The result of energy can also produce by the construction of rooftop solar PV in a potential area. This research is expected to be utilized by policymakers to develop renewable energy in the city of Bandung and increase community participation in switching to renewable energy.
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Dawood, Sharifah Rohayah Sheikh. "Sustainability, Quality of Life and Challenges in an Emerging City Region of George Town, Malaysia." Journal of Sustainable Development 12, no. 3 (May 30, 2019): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v12n3p35.
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High urbanization in Asia has given rise to the necessity to revisit its planning strategies towards the notion of livability and sustainability. This has called upon a need to accommodate the living capacity and ability of cities to provide welfare to their populations. Cities become complex and contradictory spaces if problems with accessibility towards basic necessities, inefficient transportation systems, environmental degradation, urban poverty, social exclusion and collapsing community values are not tackled with scrutiny of the standards needed for the urban quality of life (QoL). This paper aims to describe the urbanisation processes that challenge the livability and sustainability of George Town, the world heritage site of Penang, Malaysia. Using questionnaires and in-depth interviews with respondents, data were collected to explore the quality of life indicators and to assess the extent of urban sustainability and the challenges faced by the local communities. With the notion of an emerging mega urban region, the success of George Town in planning and projecting a sustainable urban development model is a step towards eliminating contemporary urban challenges and to promoting its cultural heritage. In this way forward, the role of the local authorities is crucial to propel George Town towards a livable city status that is culturally preserved.
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Bartłomiejski, Robert, and Maciej Kowalewski. "Polish Urban Allotment Gardens as ‘Slow City’ Enclaves." Sustainability 11, no. 11 (June 11, 2019): 3228. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11113228.
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In this article, urban allotment gardens (UAGs) are discussed as one of the alternative urban development frameworks - Slow City. The UAG concept as well as the Slow City agenda aims to protect and enhance strong community relationships, decision making, civil engagement, group learning, and leisure practices for people of all ages in close proximity to green spaces. The authors argue that the statutory aims, organizational culture, and governance rules of UAGs are largely coherent with the formal Slow City agenda. The authors analyze the threats to sustainable cities and the alternative urban development agendas in the context of Polish allotment gardens. With increasing problems of soil pollution, abandoned gardens, informal housing, and limitation of access to the green areas of the UAGs for other inhabitants, the pressure to reduce the number of UAGs is reinforced.
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Aouad, David, and Noushig Kaloustian. "Sustainable Beirut City Planning Post August 2020 Port of Beirut Blast: Case Study of Karantina in Medawar District." Sustainability 13, no. 11 (June 5, 2021): 6442. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13116442.
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The 4 August 2020 Port of Beirut blast caused material damage to an estimated 77,000 apartments located across 10,000 buildings within a 3 km radius of the blast, impacting around 300,000, people predominantly in the municipality of Karantina, which is situated adjacent to the Port of Beirut. The blast shed light on the instability and unsustainable development approach of the city of Beirut since well before the French mandate circa 1921–1940. The impact of the blast provides an opportunity to reassess the relationship between many relevant aspects of the city planning including but not limited to: the relationship of the city to its suburbs, waterfront, and city center; the lack of local planning and cross sectorial master plans; the preservation of the heritage versus the complexity of its urban development; the city growth and increased haphazard urbanization; the infrastructure/service systems that have over the years become increasingly deficient; the lack of public spaces; impacts on urban climate; and the urban divide and inequality that have only grown deeper since the blast, all of which have a combined and adverse impact on the quality of city life. This paper analyzes the most suitable indicators that one must highlight within the context of Beirut city to propose a better and sustainable quality of life with a focus on areas that were significantly impacted by the recent POB blast, namely Karantina. Examples of indicators which were analyzed include sustainable urban design, open spaces, heritage, infrastructure, and urban fabric. The results indicated that the following four main urban design features help improve the quality of life in Karantina, including: (i) connecting areas of Karantina and Mar Mkhael through the reactivation of vacant lots; (ii) reactivation of Ibrahim Bacha and El-Khodr Streets; (iii) redefining the historical El Khodr Mosque boundary and reclaiming its role as an urban landmark; and (iv) integration of classified built heritage. These parameters are necessary to improve the quality of life. The benefits of community participation are also assessed in the improvement and sustainable planning of the city of Beirut.
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Muminović, Esad, Uroš Radosavljević, and Džemila Beganović. "Strategic Planning and Management Model for the Regeneration of Historic Urban Landscapes: The Case of Historic Center of Novi Pazar in Serbia." Sustainability 12, no. 4 (February 12, 2020): 1323. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12041323.
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The purpose of this paper is to identify the role of strategic planning as a sustainable tool for regulating both the protection and development of historic urban landscapes, as well as developing an adequate and effective strategic model and management instruments for implementation. The role and importance of strategic planning are examined in the context of global transformative actions in the urban governance of community and private sector engagement and sustainable development on the local level. We argue that a specific—tailor-made—integrated strategic urban planning approach could be a useful model, both for development and urban regeneration and for the preservation of protected valuable historic urban landscapes, thus contributing to a sustainable urban revival of wider surrounding territories including cultural, social and economic development. We stand on the position that the sustainable approach to the protection and revitalization of the historic urban landscapes has to be in line with the acknowledgment of specific local community values, contemporary needs, their involvement, and, eventually, their satisfaction. The case study method was based on the example of a protected historic center of Novi Pazar in Serbia to test the possibilities of applying strategic planning model and management for the implementation tailored to the local context. Eventually, the scenario method was applied to test the possibilities of a simulation of the strategic planning model and management instruments for a protected historic center. We found that the appropriate combination and utilization of regulatory, economic and informational management instruments have to be in place in the specific context. We conclude and draw out theoretical and practical remarks from our research that integrated strategic urban planning model should consider the logic and the functioning of the competitive real estate markets, and the sustainable environmental, economic and social effects, potentials and benefits for the locality where they originate, in order to be utilized as the new generative value both for the protection and for the revival of historic city centers. The paper develops a conceptual strategic planning and management model for the regeneration of historic urban landscapes that capture the physical, environmental, economic, and social effects and indicators of a given space. Based on this input, an adequate initial stage of the conceptual strategy by the authors of the paper was developed for the regeneration of the historic urban city center.
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Pietta, Antonella, and Marco Tononi. "Re-Naturing the City: Linking Urban Political Ecology and Cultural Ecosystem Services." Sustainability 13, no. 4 (February 7, 2021): 1786. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13041786.
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In the last few decades European industrial cities have experienced major transformations which have implied the need to rethink the role of nature. Re-naturing the city, reconnecting urban planning and nature and enhancing sustainability, means taking into account ecosystems and biodiversity through a social approach to nature which reconsiders nature as a social product and re-examines city–nature relationships, the way Urban Political Ecology (UPE) suggests. This paper focuses on the Brescia Quarry Park, a suburban space that until just a few years ago was characterized by mining activities. This area has now been transformed into a re-naturalized area and is projected to become one of Europe’s largest re-naturalized protected urban areas. These transformations are signs of a profound change in the urban metabolism. In fact, the community has struggled for many years for the recognition of the value of the area in ecological and cultural terms. Therefore, an approach was adopted based on Urban Political Ecology, which is useful to study how the socio–natural relationships change and how an exploited and degraded land can become a relevant natural area from the local community’s point of view. This approach also allowed us to study conflicts due to unequal power relations and strategies developed by the community to reduce these conflicts. Particular interest was given to the participatory processes which have driven these transformations and to the role played by the different actors involved through top-down and bottom-up approaches. So, we decided to combine UPE and participatory action research—PAR and create a participatory map of the Cultural Ecosystem Services (CES) in the Park. Attention was given to understanding the practices of the stakeholders and benefits for the community. This involvement allowed us to represent the complexity of the re-naturalized urban landscape which was analyzed through the changes in natural, urban and rural features that emerged. During the process, the interaction between citizens and experts was fundamental in co-producing an analysis of the placemaking of urban landscapes and in revealing the socio–ecological interactions of the stakeholders with these places. The results of the mapping process represent a first step towards promoting sustainable environmental planning and management based on the involvement and empowerment of the local population.
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Drosou, Nafsika, Robby Soetanto, Ferry Hermawan, Ksenia Chmutina, Lee Bosher, and Jati Utomo Dwi Hatmoko. "Key Factors Influencing Wider Adoption of Blue–Green Infrastructure in Developing Cities." Water 11, no. 6 (June 13, 2019): 1234. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11061234.
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Numerous fast-growing coastal cities in the Global South are exposed to coastal, fluvial and pluvial floods, as a consequence of decades-long rapid urbanisation and weak enforcement of planning regulations. Integrating Blue–Green Infrastructure (BGI) concepts into the development of the urban landscape has the potential to increase flood resilience and offer broader environmental benefits. BGI is an innovative approach that combines water management and green infrastructure to maintain natural water cycles and enhance environmental and urban renewal. This paper identifies socio-economic, cultural and political challenges influencing BGI adoption in Semarang city in Indonesia. Data was collected from residents of three communities through interviews (n=30), questionnaires (n=180) and focus groups with policymakers and community representatives. The combined quantitative and qualitative data provide an understanding of the specific socio-economic, cultural and political issues at play and reveal flood experience as well as perceptions of community members regarding flood management. Challenges are presented from the point of view of residents and local policymakers and are based on a framework for facilitating local BGI adoption, setting the principles of “inclusive”, “appropriate” and “proactive” as pre-conditions for enhancing community resilience to flooding.
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Bernetti, Iacopo, Veronica Alampi Sottini, Lorenzo Bambi, Elena Barbierato, Tommaso Borghini, Irene Capecchi, and Claudio Saragosa. "Urban Niche Assessment: An Approach Integrating Social Media Analysis, Spatial Urban Indicators and Geo-Statistical Techniques." Sustainability 12, no. 10 (May 13, 2020): 3982. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12103982.
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Cities are human ecosystems. Understanding human ecology is important for designing and planning the built environment. The ability to respond to changes and adapt actions in a positive way helps determine the health of cities. Recently, many studies have highlighted the great potential of photographic data shared on the Flickr platform for the analysis of environmental perceptions in landscape and urban planning. Other research works used panoramic images from the Google Street View (GSV) web service to extract urban quality data. Although other researches have used social media to characterize human habitat from an emotional point of view, there is still a lack of knowledge of the correlation between environmental and physical variables of the city and visual perception, especially at a scale suitable for urban planning and design. In ecology, the environmental suitability of a territory for a given biological community is studied through species distribution models (SDM). In this work we have adopted the state of the art of SDM (the ensemble approach) to develop a methodology transferable to cities with different sizes and characteristics that uses data deriving from many sources available on a global scale: social media platform, Google internet services, shared geographical information, remote sensing and geomorphological data. The result of our application in the city of Livorno offers important information on the most significant variables for the conservation, planning and design of urban public spaces at the project scale. However, further research developments will be needed to test the model in cities of different sizes and geographic locations, integrate the model with other social media, other databases and with traditional surveys and improve the quality of indicators that can be derived from information shared on the Internet.
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Yang, Quntao, Shuliang Zhang, Qiang Dai, and Rui Yao. "Assessment of Community Vulnerability to Different Types of Urban Floods: A Case for Lishui City, China." Sustainability 12, no. 19 (September 23, 2020): 7865. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12197865.
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Urban flooding is a severe and pervasive hazard caused by climate change, urbanization, and limitations of municipal drainage systems. Cities face risks from different types of floods, depending on various geographical, environmental, and hydrometeorological conditions. In response to the growing threat of urban flooding, a better understanding of urban flood vulnerability is needed. In this study, a comprehensive method was developed to evaluate the vulnerability of different types of urban floods. First, a coupled urban flood model was built to obtain the extent of influence of various flood scenarios caused by rainfall and river levee overtopping. Second, an assessment framework for urban flood vulnerability based on an indicator method was used to evaluate the vulnerability in different flood hazard scenarios. Finally, the method was applied to Lishui City, China, and the distribution and pattern of urban flood vulnerability were studied. The results highlight the spatial variability of flooding and the vulnerability distributions of different types of urban floods. Compound floods were identified to cause more severe effects in the urban areas.
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Zhu, Zhanqiang, Wei Lang, Xiaofang Tao, Jiali Feng, and Kai Liu. "Exploring the Quality of Urban Green Spaces Based on Urban Neighborhood Green Index—A Case Study of Guangzhou City." Sustainability 11, no. 19 (October 4, 2019): 5507. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11195507.
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Urban green space (UGS), as a form of green infrastructure, has been given increasing attention in urban planning and its policies. The quality of a UGS is fundamental for the sustainable development of the urban economy, society, environment, and quality of human life, although UGS is unevenly distributed within cities. Aiming to analyze the quality of UGS at the scale of Jiedaos in China, this paper took Haizhu district in Guangzhou as a case study based on collected data from 2010 and aerial imagery from 2012. The Urban Neighborhood Green Index (UNGI) was established by combining four weighted parameters: the green index (P1), the density of buildings (P2), proximity to green areas (P3) and building height (P4). Results from comparing with green index show that (1) the UNGI performed better for UGS planning due to its ability of uncovering impact of the built environment and its accessibility on quality of UGS; (2) the UGS has significant effects on neighbors, which underlies social inequity of UGS supply and presents rich information for urban planning and decision making; (3) a small green field attaching to a community plays a key role in fulfilling the need of neighbors for green space, fitness, and leisure in China, which is usually ignored due to the ownership of private property. It suggests recognizing UGS and improving its quality in old towns as well as improving urban villages characterized by poor quality of green space with green infrastructures. The UNGI can inform city planners regarding their consideration of UGS, and it can contribute to measurements of sustainability and the development of green infrastructure.
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Moyer, Joanne M., and Adeeba A. Raheem. "Study of Past and Future Spatiotemporal Patterns and Impact on Electricity Consumption for Sustainable Planning: A Case Study of El Paso, Texas." Sustainability 12, no. 20 (October 14, 2020): 8480. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12208480.
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As cities continue to grow, their urban form continues to evolve. As a consequence of urban growth, the demand for infrastructure increases to meet the needs of a growing population. Understanding this evolution and its subsequent impingement on resources allows for planners, engineers, and decision-makers to plan for a sustainable community. Patterns and rate of urban expansion have been studied extensively in various cities throughout the United States (U.S.), utilizing remote sensing and geographic information system (GIS). However, minimal research has been conducted to understand urban growth rates and patterns for cities that possess borders, geological attributes, and/or protected areas that confine and direct the cities’ urban growth, such as El Paso, Texas. This study utilizes El Paso, Texas, as a case study to provide a basis for examining growth patterns and their possible impact on the electricity consumption resource, which lies on the U.S./Mexico and New Mexico borders, contains the largest urban park in the nation (Franklin Mountains State Park), and Ft. Bliss military base. This study conducted a change analysis for El Paso County to analyze specific areas of concentrated growth within the past 15-years (2001–2016). The results indicate that county growth has primarily occurred within the city of El Paso, in particular, Districts 5 (east side), 1 (west side), and 4 (northeast), with District 5 experiencing substantial growth. As the districts expanded, fragmentation and shape irregularity of developed areas decreased. Utilizing past growth trends, the counties’ 2031 land-use was predicted employing the Cellular Automata (CA)-Markov method. The counties’ projected growth was evenly distributed within El Paso city and outside city limits. Future growth within the city continues to be directed within the same districts that experienced past growth, Districts 1, 4, and 5. Whereas projected growth occurring outside the city limits, primarily focused within potential city annexation areas in accordance with the cities’ comprehensive plan, Plan El Paso. Panel data analysis was performed to investigate the relationship between urban dynamic growth patterns and electricity consumption. The findings suggest that, as urban areas expanded and fragmentation decreased, electricity consumption increased. Further investigation to include an expansion of urban pattern metrics, an extension of the time period studied, and their influence on electricity consumption is recommended. The results of this study provided a basis for decision-makers and planners with an understanding of El Paso’s concentrated areas of past and projected urban growth patterns and their influence on electricity consumption to mitigate possible fragmentation growth through informed decisions and policies to provide a sustainable environment for the community.
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Li, Yu, Xue Liang Zhao, and Qi Wang. "The Research of Renewal Strategy of Public Space Environment in Muslim Architectural Heritage - Case Study of DA XUEXI District in Xi'an." Advanced Materials Research 243-249 (May 2011): 6789–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.243-249.6789.
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The Muslim architectural heritage has outstanding historical, artistic value, because of the character and integrity of architectural form, unique cultural landscape in Muslim neighborhood. As the extension of "architectural heritage" concept, the public space in Muslim community is very important tie which contact various architectural heritage together. It also acts as adhesives between single building and whole history block, prompting the formation of the whole block structure characteristics from "point" to "face", thus play an important urban functions in the city. The paper analysis the Complexity and contradiction of public space environment update in Muslim community, it select DA XUEXI district as the research case, and actively explore the idea of renovation, protection in Muslim community. On the basis of investigation, the article analysis the update working ways and methods of the public space planning in Muslim community, and point out the shortcomings of the current research and development direction in the future.
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Radosavljević, Uroš, Aleksandra Đorđević, Kseniјa Lalović, Jelena Živković, and Zoran Đukanović. "Nodes and Networks: The Generative Role of Cultural Heritage for Urban Revival in Kikinda." Sustainability 11, no. 9 (April 30, 2019): 2509. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11092509.
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Using heritage as a cultural artifact in city development is not new, but little has been explored about how urban heritage can be utilized as new generative value and a new planning instrument for the revival of cities. The purpose of this paper is to show the creative and the generative use of urban heritage, both for the extension of cultural and tourist offer of the city and for the improvement of the quality of life in physical, social and economic terms for the community. The case study method was used for the adaptive reuse of projects for heritage buildings and urban revival in Kikinda. We argue that urban heritage has to be used, bearing in mind its spatial, economic and social sustainability aspects, and become a generator of urban revival. We go beyond recognition of the value of heritage as a cultural artifact that should solely be preserved and used as a static element in urban development, and view it more as a dynamic asset for city revival processes. We found that for the heritage nodes to be utilized as the new generative value for the revival of cities, they have to be perceived from the network perspective, thus influencing the urban environment in a sustainable way.
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Mason, Michael. "Collaborative Partnerships for Urban Development: A Study of the Vancouver Agreement." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 39, no. 10 (October 2007): 2366–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a38263.
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Collaborative partnerships—featuring intergovernmental and/or public–private sector cooperation—have been identified as a leading organisational expression of the ‘new urban governance’. The paper examines the Vancouver Agreement—an urban development compact between the governments of Canada, British Columbia, and the City of Vancouver. Signed in March 2000 for a five-year term, and renewed in April 2005, the Vancouver Agreement has been widely acclaimed as an example of successful collaborative working, addressed to the revitalisation of the city's Downtown Eastside. The origins of the agreement are explained in the context of an urban crisis in the Downtown Eastside, where established policies were seen to be failing. High-level political support for a new governance approach led to the adoption of an urban development partnership, and the paper sets out its structure and strategic programmes of action. Benchmarked against conditions for effective intergovernmental working posited in the public administration literature, the paper then analyses five procedural attributes of the partnership: resource sharing, leadership, community involvement, mutual learning, and horizontal accountability. Concluding observations are offered on the long-term prospects for the Vancouver Agreement.
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Al-Thani, Soud, Alexandre Amato, Muammer Koç, and Sami Al-Ghamdi. "Urban Sustainability and Livability: An Analysis of Doha’s Urban-form and Possible Mitigation Strategies." Sustainability 11, no. 3 (February 2, 2019): 786. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11030786.
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This study examines the concept of sustainability and livability at the neighborhood level in a low-density city such as Doha. In its current form, Metropolitan Doha, Qatar’s capital and where 80% of the population resides, is neither sustainable nor ranked highly in many city livability indices of international cities, although Qatar aims to become a truly sustainable state as envisioned in its Qatar National Vision (QNV) 2030 and endorsed in its National Development Strategies 2012 and 2018. Doha remains a fractured city; its rapid growth has led to unrestrained, extensive urban sprawl with high dependency on private transportation mainly by large SUVs, continually instigated by the absence of public transportation. Doha is also a relatively low-density city where the main driver of its urban sprawl is the inhabitants’ deep-set desire for privacy, and hence, home ownership of single-family detached villas, which have become the predominant residential building-block of neighborhoods with little to no provisions of in-neighborhood community services and amenities such as basic shopping, health, education, and recreation. Consequently, this urban form has resulted in long and frequent commutes for individuals and families, increasing the number of vehicles in traffic almost every hour of every day, traffic congestion, high transportation-related CO2 emissions, additional expenses, and loss of quality family time, among several other environmental, social, and economic sustainability impacts. The findings of this study, which are based on a behavioral survey, illustrate the residents’ views on neighborhood improvement and changes in the transportation modes, as well as their willingness to change their habits for the benefit of common and future generations.
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Yu, Beibei, Zhonghui Wang, Haowei Mu, Li Sun, and Fengning Hu. "Identification of Urban Functional Regions Based on Floating Car Track Data and POI Data." Sustainability 11, no. 23 (November 20, 2019): 6541. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11236541.
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Along with the rapid development of China’s economy as well as the continuing urbanization, the internal spatial and functional structures of cities within this country are also gradually changing and restructuring. The study of functional region identification of a city is of great significance to the city’s functional cognition, spatial planning, economic development, human livability, and so forth. Backed by the emerging urban Big Data, and taking the traffic community as the smallest research unit, a method is proposed to identify urban functional regions by combining floating car track data with point of interest (POI) data recorded on an electronic map. It provides a new perspective for the study of urban functional region identification. Firstly, the main functional regions of the city studied are identified through clustering analysis according to the passenger’s spatial-temporal travel characteristics derived from the floating car data. Secondly, the fine-grained identification of the functional region attributes of the traffic communities is achieved using the label information from POI data. Finally, the AND-OR operation is performed on the recognition results derived by the clustering algorithm and the Delphi method, to obtain the identification of urban functional regions. This approach is verified by applying it to the main urban zone within Chengdu’s Third Ring Road. The results show that: (1) There are fewer single functional regions and more mixed functional regions in the main urban zone of Chengdu, and the distribution of the functional regions are roughly concentric centering in the city center. (2) Using the traffic community as a research unit, combined with dynamic human activity trajectory data and static urban interest point data, complex urban functional regions can be effectively identified.
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Szarek-Iwaniuk, Patrycja, and Adam Senetra. "Access to ICT in Poland and the Co-Creation of Urban Space in the Process of Modern Social Participation in a Smart City—A Case Study." Sustainability 12, no. 5 (March 10, 2020): 2136. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12052136.
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A smart city is one of the latest concepts in the development of modern cities. It has evolved from the foregoing smart cities 1.0 and 2.0 to the smart city 3.0, where members of the local community play the main role as not only the recipients of the introduced changes and modern technology, but also as the creators of urban space. One of the goals of a smart city 3.0 is to promote sustainable urban development by improving the quality of life, enhancing social participation, and involving local community members in planning and decision-making processes. This study set out to determine the role and significance of e-participation methods in the smart city concept. The results of questionnaires exploring the importance of e-participation in urban development are presented. The paper also discusses changes in the availability of information and communication technologies (ICT) in Poland. The secondary goal was to present the geo-questionnaire and Public Participation GIS (PPGIS) as modern research tools. Internet tools based on geoinformation systems have considerable potential for mobilizing social participation in spatial planning (Public Participation GIS). The present study postulates the need for modern social participation methods in shaping urban space and promoting the sustainable development of cities. The study highlights the main challenges in the research process. The cooperation between the authorities and the citizens contributes to the development of a civil society, informed decision-making, social involvement in public life, and more effective governance at the local, regional, and national level. Measures that foster cooperation between the authorities and local communities, the use of information and communication technologies (ICT), and growing social awareness and social participation in managing development are the components of a modern smart city and the building blocks of an e-society. The study also revealed positive changes in access to ICT and their contribution to bridging the digital divide in Poland. Higher levels of social awareness regarding participation and e-participation promote the growth of smart cities.
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Gu, Weiying, Yiyong Chen, and Muye Dai. "Measuring Community Greening Merging Multi-Source Geo-Data." Sustainability 11, no. 4 (February 20, 2019): 1104. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11041104.
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Urban residential greening provides opportunities for social integration and physical exercise. These activities are beneficial to promoting citizens’ mental health, relieving stress, and reducing obesity and violent crimes. However, how to measure the distribution and spatial difference of green resources in urban residential areas have been controversial. This study takes the greening of urban residential units in Shenzhen City as its research object, measures the various greening index values of each residential unit, and analyses the spatial distribution characteristics of residential greening, regional differences, and influencing factors. A large sample of street view pictures, urban land use and high-resolution remote sensing image data are employed to establish an urban residential greening database containing 14,196 residential units. This study proposes three greening indicators, namely, green coverage index, green view index, and accessible public green land index, for measuring the green coverage of residential units, the visible greening of surrounding street space and the public green land around, respectively. Results show that (1) the greening level of residential units in Shenzhen City is generally high, with the three indicators averaging 32.7%, 30.5%, and 15.1%, respectively; (2) the types of residential greening differ per area; and (3) the level of residential greening is affected by development intensity, location, elevation and residential type. Such findings can serve as a reference for improving the greening level of residential units. This study argues that one indicator alone cannot measure the greenness of a residential community. It proposes an accessible public green land index as a measure for the spatial relationship between residential units and green lands. It suggests that future green space planning should pay more attention to the spatial distribution of green land, and introduce quantitative indicators to ensure sufficient green lands around the walking range of residential areas.
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Trisciuoglio, Marco, Michela Barosio, Ana Ricchiardi, Zeynep Tulumen, Martina Crapolicchio, and Rossella Gugliotta. "Transitional Morphologies and Urban Forms: Generation and Regeneration Processes—An Agenda." Sustainability 13, no. 11 (June 1, 2021): 6233. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13116233.
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Grounded in the study of urban morphology, this position paper seeks to overcome the analysis of the permanent elements of a city in the search for a transitional paradigm in urban morphology, with the aim of grasping the dynamics of urban evolution and providing operative tools for the design of urban regeneration through an adaptive approach. Four actions for urban analysis are suggested here to highlight urban dynamics through the use of different tools: (a) sorting the transitional steps of urban morphologies (within rapid market processes), (b) underlining rules and processes that characterize urban coding in transitions, (c) mapping urban assemblages in an adaptive city, and (d) reading and representing the phenomenon of urban permutation. The results of this multifaceted and multidimensional set of analytical tools make it possible to outline a new paradigm for design thinking that moves towards a parametric approach to the urban design of cities in transition by broadening the extent of the urban regeneration process and supporting urban policies in the framework of a community-based approach.
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Surya, Batara, Syafri Syafri, Hadijah Hadijah, Baharuddin Baharuddin, Andi Tenri Fitriyah, and Harry Hardian Sakti. "Management of Slum-Based Urban Farming and Economic Empowerment of the Community of Makassar City, South Sulawesi, Indonesia." Sustainability 12, no. 18 (September 7, 2020): 7324. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12187324.
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The handling of slums based on urban farming and community empowerment is oriented toward improving the welfare and independence of the community. This study aimed to (1) analyze the influence of business motivation, human resource capacity, community participation, and economic business management on the economic empowerment in the handling of slums; (2) analyze the direct and indirect effects of urban farming, community capacity, and capital support efforts to improve the welfare and independence of the community; and (3) formulate a sustainability model for community-based slum management in the Metro Tanjung Bunga area. The research approach used was a sequential explanatory design, which is a combination of quantitative and qualitative research, and data were obtained through observation, surveys, in-depth interviews, and documentation. The research findings show that business motivation, human resource capacity, community participation, and economic business management have a significant effect on economic empowerment. The direct influence of urban farming increases the welfare of the community by 27.66%, strengthens the capacity of the community to increase welfare by 55.95%, and provides business capital support to improve community welfare by 36.72%. Urban farming, community capacity-building, and business capital support provide a positive effect on improving the welfare and independence of the community in slums. Sustainability in slum settlements includes infrastructure, developing economic potential, and community participation.
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Zhong, Teng, Guonian Lü, Xiuming Zhong, Haoming Tang, and Yu Ye. "Measuring Human-Scale Living Convenience through Multi-Sourced Urban Data and a Geodesign Approach: Buildings as Analytical Units." Sustainability 12, no. 11 (June 9, 2020): 4712. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12114712.
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Living convenience, as a perceptual quality of life, is gradually playing an increasingly important role in the context of seeking livable cities. A high degree of living convenience positively affects urban vitality, livability, and daily physical activities. However, it is hard to achieve a quantitative measurement of this intangible, subjective issue. This study presents a data-informed analytical approach to measuring the human-scale living convenience using multi-sourced urban data and geodesign techniques. Firstly, according to classical theories, living convenience is translated as the co-presentation of accessed number and diversity of urban facilities. Based on that, this study applies multi-sourced urban data, including points of interest (PoIs), buildings, and street networks, to compute the living convenience of each building in the 15 min community–life circle. Through the geoprocessing tools developed by ArcGIS API for Python (ArcPy), the living convenience of millions of buildings in an entire city can be computed efficiently. Kaifeng City from Henan Province, China, is selected as the case study, and the verification from local experts in urbanism shows high accuracy. The capacity to measure intangible perception exhibits the potential for this analytical approach in urban planning practices. Several explorations have been conducted in this direction, including analyzing the spatial heterogeneity in Kaifeng City and planning decision support for bus station arrangement. In short, this study contributes to the development of human-centered planning by providing continuous measurements of an ‘unmeasurable’ quality across large-scale areas. Insights into the perceptual-based quality and detailed mapping of living conveniences in buildings can assist in efficient planning strategies toward more livable and sustainable urbanism.
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Glennie, Charlotte. "Growing Together: Community Coalescence and the Social Dimensions of Urban Sustainability." Sustainability 12, no. 22 (November 20, 2020): 9680. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12229680.
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Urban sustainability is most often measured using a series of social, economic, and ecological indicators. Assessment methods for urban sustainability typically factor in the ecological dimensions of greenspace, such as biodiversity maintenance, stormwater management, and/or air quality—yet indicator schemas that consider only the ecological dimensions largely overlook the social benefits of some types of urban greenspace, particularly community gardens and orchards. This article makes the case that the process of community formation and strengthening that occurs in shared growing spaces is an important element of urban sustainability in its own right. Based on 55 interviews of community garden advocates, policy-makers, and development professionals involved in urban agriculture planning, this article traces the widespread understanding among practitioners that shared growing spaces strengthen social as well as environmental sustainability, though the social benefits are often difficult to measure. The latter concern was most frequently expressed by urban agriculture advocates who, after involvement in the political process, perceived the need for such metrics in order to communicate persuasively with planners and policy makers. The social values of shared growing spaces, at once self-evident to garden advocates and difficult for them to demonstrate with quantitative data, may be theorized by drawing on insights from sociology: A truly sustainable city requires community coalescence among diverse citizens, and such community is fostered particularly well in shared growing spaces.
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Panlasigui, Stephanie, Erica Spotswood, Erin Beller, and Robin Grossinger. "Biophilia beyond the Building: Applying the Tools of Urban Biodiversity Planning to Create Biophilic Cities." Sustainability 13, no. 5 (February 24, 2021): 2450. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13052450.
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In response to the widely recognized negative impacts of urbanization on biodiversity, many cities are reimagining urban design to provide better biodiversity support. Some cities have developed urban biodiversity plans, primarily focused on improving biodiversity support and ecosystem function within the built environment through habitat restoration and other types of urban greening projects. The biophilic cities movement seeks to reframe nature as essential infrastructure for cities, seamlessly integrating city and nature to provide abundant, accessible nature for all residents and corresponding health and well-being outcomes. Urban biodiversity planning and biophilic cities have significant synergies in their goals and the means necessary to achieve them. In this paper, we identify three key ways by which the urban biodiversity planning process can support biophilic cities objectives: engaging the local community; identifying science-based, quantitative goals; and setting priorities for action. Urban biodiversity planning provides evidence-based guidance, tools, and techniques needed to design locally appropriate, pragmatic habitat enhancements that support biodiversity, ecological health, and human health and well-being. Developing these multi-functional, multi-benefit strategies that increase the abundance of biodiverse nature in cities has the potential at the same time to deepen and enrich our biophilic experience in daily life.
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Melnik, N. V., A. Ye Demenko, and M. Mirets. "MODERN ARCHITECTURE IN HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT(CONCEPTS AND APPROACHES)." Problems of theory and history of architecture of Ukraine, no. 20 (May 12, 2020): 195–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.31650/2519-4208-2020-20-195-203.
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The article is of a generalizing nature; the authors investigate the problem associated with architectural design in the historical environment. The newly built civilian objects are considered as examples of the organic interaction between “old” and “new” in European cities. The authors’ positions of domestic and foreign professionals regarding the development of the potential of the historical centres of modern cities are considered. In connection with the dynamics of urban growth in the XXI century, the problem of renewal and development of historically established centers arises. Development as a modernization of the historical environment assumes a high-quality level of integration of relevant functions in the unique conditions of authentic urban structures. The cultural aspect of the problem is to solve the main problem of the historical environment -the preservation and protection of the valuable architectural and urban planning heritage. The authors highlight the need for an integrated approach to theproblem and formulation of a development strategy. The experience of Odessa shows the negative results of delay in such matters. Urban space as a living organism presupposes a progressive process of regeneration of both the urban structure and the “tissue” of the city, filling the space and being subordinated to the structure. A scientific approach presupposes discussion, variability and flexibility concerning the protection and development of the historical environment. However, taking into account the whole complex of economic, administrative, and cultural conditions, we can say about two main approaches in relation to the historical architectural environment in Ukraine. One is based on a conservative approach and denies the objects of modern architecture in the historical environment. This approach assumes that a historically formed urban planning formation is an integral urban planning phenomenon and only allows the construction of new objects in historical styles, allows the priority task of restoration and reconstruction of existing objects. Another approach is based on a dialectical approach and allows the introduction into the historical tissue of the city of new objects that meet all progressive achievements of engineering and technology, have modern and current features of the style (stylistic direction). At the same time, an important aspect is the novelty and high aesthetic level of architecture, due to the requirements of modern society. The logic of this approach comes from the very essence ofarchitecture, placed in the classic triad of benefit, strength and beauty. The most important factor that determines the value of the historical core of the city, in particular, the historical centre of Odessa, is the integrity of the historical structure, the interaction of all elements of the architectural complex, and a balanced urban infrastructure. At the same time, the architectural complex consists of objects of different value categories. Some are historical and architectural monuments of the universal, state and local importance. Others are authentic objects of “back-ground” development that contribute to the integrity of the city’s historical tissue. This is the picture that shows a historical accuracy. According to the authors, the scale for determining the objective value of each architectural object in this case is of a relative nature and, to a large extent, in our time is not the primary task of preserving the architectural heritage. The task of an integrated approach to the problem and elaboration of a preservation strategy is a priority task. In recent years, intensive construction has taken place on local fragments of the historical part of the city, which leads to the final destruction of the historical city. In many cases, modern civil engineering works are monotonous and have doubtful cultural qualities, and at the technical level they exacerbate the situation of collapse at the infrastructural level. There is an international, in particular, European experience in solving the problem of the conflict between new and historical in the cities of Germany, Poland, Spain, etc. The destructive cataclysms of the XX century caused great losses to the architectural heritage. The world community has developed norms and rules that allow for a huge number of implementation options in the context of regional features. The problem of a new construction in the historical environment today is not about the question of whether the object is stylized or modernized. The problem is to determine the principles of interaction of the historical environment with new structures, in the degree of “civility” of a new architecture, the ability of the “new” to further develop the potential of urban space.
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Praharaj, Sarbeswar, and Hoon Han. "Building a typology of the 100 smart cities in India." Smart and Sustainable Built Environment 8, no. 5 (November 18, 2019): 400–414. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sasbe-04-2019-0056.
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Purpose The Smart Cities Mission (SCM) in India is generating significant interest among researchers and policymakers globally. Cities under the SCM, irrespective of their locations, size, capacities or local needs, are heavily investing in technological solutions to improve civic conditions. The purpose of this paper is to build a typology and urban classification system of these 100 smart cities using a series of key performance indicators (KPIs) around urban development and access to public services. The paper also systematically recognises the diversity of challenges facing these cities and assess whether a generic technology-based approach is adequate to address them. Design/methodology/approach A two-stage statistical process is employed in this typology building exercise – first, a cluster analysis is conducted to classify the selected cities, then a multiple discriminant analysis is used to characterise each classified city. Findings The urban typology analysis finds that vast disparities remain across India’s urban centres, located in different geographical regions, in terms of access to social capital and physical infrastructure. The KPIs around education, health and social services emerged from the analysis as the most significant drivers in the urban typology building process. The lack of basic community infrastructure, especially in the small-to-medium-sized cities in India, exposes the shortcomings of a one-size-fits-all technocratic smart city development strategy that assumes foundational infrastructure is already in place for technology to take effect. Originality/value The research methodologies developed in this paper offers a novel planning approach for smart city policymakers to devise place-based smart city interventions, acknowledging diverse cultures and specific community needs.
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Ruiz Rincón, Victoria, Joan Martínez-Alier, and Sara Mingorria. "Environmental Conflicts Related to Urban Expansion Involving Agrarian Communities in Central Mexico." Sustainability 11, no. 23 (November 20, 2019): 6545. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11236545.
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Rural territories and cultures have been increasingly sacrificed through depopulation, invasion by infrastructure, and the presence of industries which are incompatible with agriculture. Meanwhile, the expansion of urban space through demographic agglomeration and the concentration of activities in cities is leading to a progressively urbanised world. This article sheds light on the particularities of the relationship between urban expansion and the assault on agrarian modes of existence that survive at the diffuse urban frontiers in Central Mexico. A multiple case study was carried out; nine social-environmental conflicts where an agrarian community resisted the installation of urban infrastructure or city enterprises were analysed through the perspective of Political Ecology and environmental justice. Peasant communities question the political, economic, environmental, and cultural factors of the hegemonic social configuration as urban megaprojects menace their territory. In their struggles, they highlight that urban development undermines the very conditions necessary for the existence of the city, as its social metabolism depends in part on the resources these rural communities are defending.
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Han, Jianbo, Edwin Hon Wan Chan, Queena Kun Qian, and Esther Hiu Kwan Yung. "Achieving Sustainable Urban Development with an Ageing Population: An “Age-Friendly City and Community” Approach." Sustainability 13, no. 15 (August 2, 2021): 8614. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13158614.
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The ageing population tends to be seen as a burden of cities’ future development. Thus, the public funds for older residents’ wellbeing are at risk of being cut back under the economic austerity due to the prevalent neoliberalism policy atmosphere. However, some cities set good examples to turn their older citizens into active contributors to sustainable urban development (SUD) by developing age-friendly cities and communities (AFCC). Taking Hong Kong as an example, this study aims to raise a strategy for policymakers, especially at the municipal level, to incorporate the concept of AFCC in SUD. Data were retrieved for our analysis from a published report of the Hong Kong Public Policy Research Fund project. A total of 15 AFCC and SUD policy factors were identified by using factor analysis. The correlations between these policy factors were evaluated and visualised in a synergetic effect network. According to the network, this study indicates that developing the silver hair market can be a suitable entry point to realise SUD by adopting an AFCC development. Isolation prevention, social sustainability and low-energy-consumption development are the supportive policy factors for the silver hair market. Specifically, respect, discrimination prevention, communication and information, age-friendly facilities, environmental safety and public transportation accessibility are five AFCC policy factors incorporated in the policy integration to enhance older residents’ wellbeing further. This study is an innovative attempt to develop a comprehensive model for the synergy between sustainable urban development and an age-friendly city and community using a correlation network. This study also provides a reference for other city governments to respond to population ageing positively.
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Della Spina, Lucia. "Multidimensional Assessment for “Culture-Led” and “Community-Driven” Urban Regeneration as Driver for Trigger Economic Vitality in Urban Historic Centers." Sustainability 11, no. 24 (December 17, 2019): 7237. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11247237.
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In the current scientific debate, cities represent the contexts in which resources, capital, skills, and talents are concentrated and, at the same time, they are places where many challenges are concentrated regarding environmental (pollution, waste, climate change), economic (unemployment, social exclusion, well-being), political (instability in governance processes, lack of strategic planning), and cultural (training, creativity and innovation) dimensions. The city and historic centers in particular, are able to experiment the paradigm shift from a linear economy to a circular economy, in which synergic, fair, and inclusive processes capable of activating new forms of urban productivity and social and economic innovation are promoted. In particular, the European Commission identifies cultural heritage as the main driver of development and supports strategies in which it is considered as one of the founding elements of possible transformations, which can be activated through mixed top-down/bottom-up approaches, in the short and long term. In this perspective, cultural heritage can play a decisive role in terms of the urban strategy capable of generating new economic, cultural, and social values, which trigger innovative dynamics of local development. To address current urban challenges, this paper attempts to use a multi-criteria analysis to decision support, starting with a Multi-Stakeholder Decision Analysis (M-SDA), in order to assist decision makers in choosing suitable scenarios to trigger circular development processes, taking into account the role of cultural heritage in a systemic landscape perspective. The result is a hybrid methodological approach for designing complex urban regeneration processes able to assess which new uses/functions and potential actions, identified by the involved community, can trigger a circular development model which could be more suitable to implement a model of “culture-led” and “community-driven” development.
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Zhong, Ming, Kairong Lin, Guoping Tang, Qian Zhang, Yang Hong, and Xiaohong Chen. "A Framework to Evaluate Community Resilience to Urban Floods: A Case Study in Three Communities." Sustainability 12, no. 4 (February 18, 2020): 1521. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12041521.
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Community resilience is a key index for describing the response of human habitat systems to hazards. Evaluating and enhancing the community resilience requires indicators, identification, and quantitative measurements, especially for urban flooding management. In this study, an advanced index framework for measuring community resilience to urban flooding is proposed, integrating the fuzzy Delphi method (FDM) and the analytic network process (ANP). Seven indicators (public facilities, spatial structure of land use, flood management organizations, rescue capability, accuracy of weather forecasts, vulnerable population, and individual capability) of community resilience are identified using the fuzzy Delphi method. The indicators are classified into four dimensions, and the weights are determined by the analytic network process. This approach is applied to three different types of communities, namely, a newly built neighborhood, an ancient college, and a flood-prone village in the city of Nanning, China, using data collected from questionnaires, interviews, and field investigations. The neighborhood (with a total averaged score of 2.13) has the largest community resilience to urban flooding, followed by the college (1.8), and finally the village (0.91). Flooding management organizations play a leading role in the urban flooding resilience of the neighborhood and college, while the vulnerable population has a great impact on the community resilience of the village. Results of the strategy analysis suggest that science and technology improvement (0.543) is more important than social–economic status improvement (0.325) and built-environment improvement (0.132) for mitigating urban hazards in Nanning. The proposed framework in this study contributes to the interdisciplinary understanding of community resilience for urban flooding and is expected to be applied to sustain urban planning and flood evacuations.
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Masuwan, Kanokwan, and Pusit Lertwattanaruk. "Incorporating Form-Based Codes into the Design-Based Approach to Historic Building Conservation in Phuket, Thailand." Sustainability 12, no. 9 (May 9, 2020): 3859. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12093859.
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In Thailand, the concept and measurement of urban planning rely on conventional zoning, which includes land use, building usage, and open space ratio. Conventional zoning focuses on both the growth of buildings in terms of physical dimensions and their usability in lowland areas. The guidelines and measures used in urban planning do not reflect the spatial relationship of the community, as they have a less detailed design and place no emphasis on the identity of the district. Urban planning might not protect the sense of any given place, as it often uses a one-size-fits-all plan that is then applied to whole communities. Form-Based Codes (FBCs) are urban planning tools that are used to maximize land use, benefit the public, focus on creating a specific physical form, and design the development and public spaces in a way that matches the community’s vision. FBCs are the result of the cooperation between stakeholders, architects, urban planners, government agencies, and members of the local community who are willing to create a plan for their public space and to preserve the physical characteristics of the city. In this paper, we aimed to understand the relationship between various historical contexts and the FBCs using the case study of Phuket’s old town, which has a fusion of Sino–Portuguese architecture. Building form standards suitable for Phuket’s old town were created by comparing them to a baseline case that uses existing codes and regulations and using the FBCs’ components. FBCs have the potential to enhance the character and vibrancy of the historic area by improving façade design and preserving the sense of place and community pride. The results support the hypothesis that FBCs are able to supplement conventional zoning in historic districts. Recommendations for a local historic preservation commission and communities that are considering the adoption of FBCs for historic resources and districts are provided.
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Orii, Lisa, Luis Alonso, and Kent Larson. "Methodology for Establishing Well-Being Urban Indicators at the District Level to be Used on the CityScope Platform." Sustainability 12, no. 22 (November 13, 2020): 9458. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12229458.
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The MIT Media Lab City Science Group reshapes and reevaluates well-being as an emerging key indicator due the social challenges that cities are facing, such as inequality, police violence, and breaches to safety and security. Well-being in urban environments has been studied extensively, yet most research focuses on one aspect of well-being rather than multiple dimensions of well-being. Existing well-being indices that are used to compare well-being between different countries or to set a standards for well-being consider a variety of aspects that affect well-being, yet they are not specific to urban environments. When considering that no holistic and comprehensive research has been specifically conducted on well-being in urban environments, we research the relationship between the built features of an urban environment and well-being. In this paper, we propose a Well-Being Index composed of five urban indicators—Community Connectedness, Safety & Security, Physical Health, Mental Health, and Diversity—which are each described by a set of urban attributes that enhance well-being. Each attribute is quantified using a calculation formula. In addition to quantifying well-being, the Well-Being Index emphasizes specific urban features that urban planners should consider for future decision-making. We apply the Well-Being Index to predict well-being in Boston, Massachusetts, and Kansas City, Missouri, and we speculate that Boston has higher levels of well-being in terms of the city’s urban features. Based on our results, we provide suggestions for future choices in urban planning and design to improve the areas of well-being that we were able to identify with the Well-Being Index. We emphasize that the Well-Being Index can be applied to any city in the world, and can inform future decision-making for building urban environments through the CityScope platform; a novel methodology of interaction and collaboration by using a data-driven platform that simulates the impacts of interventions on urban ecosystems prior to detail-design and execution.
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Borbor-Cordova, Mercy J., Geremy Ger, Angel A. Valdiviezo-Ajila, Mijail Arias-Hidalgo, David Matamoros, Indira Nolivos, Gonzalo Menoscal-Aldas, Federica Valle, Alessandro Pezzoli, and Maria del Pilar Cornejo-Rodriguez. "An Operational Framework for Urban Vulnerability to Floods in the Guayas Estuary Region: The Duran Case Study." Sustainability 12, no. 24 (December 9, 2020): 10292. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su122410292.
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Duran is a coastal city located in the Guayas Estuary region in which 24% of urban sectors suffers from the effects of chronic flooding. This study seeks to assess the causes of Duran’s vulnerability by considering exposure, population sensitivity and adaptive capacity to establish alternatives to reduce its vulnerability to flooding. An operational framework is proposed based on the vulnerability definition of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and applying a census-based Index of Vulnerability, a geographic information system and local knowledge of urban development. A Principal Component and equal weighting analysis were applied as well as a spatial clustering to explore the spatial vulnerability across the city. A total of 34% of the city area is mapped as having high and very high vulnerability, mostly occupied by informal settlements (e.g., 288 hectares). Underlying factors were poor quality housing, lack of city services and low adaptive capacity of the community. However, some government housing programs (e.g., El Recreo), with better housing and adaptive capacity were also highly vulnerable. Limited urban planning governance has led to the overloading of storm water and drainage infrastructure which cause chronic flooding. Understanding the underlying causes of vulnerability is critical in order develop integrated strategies that increase city resilience to climate change.