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Journal articles on the topic 'Community development – Zimbabwe – Harare'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Mutaurwa, Ndatenda Shamiso, Ellen Munemo, Garikai Malunga, and Danai Tavonga Zhou. "Ciprofloxacin Resistant Salmonella Typhi Isolated at National Microbiology Reference Laboratory in Harare, Zimbabwe (January to April 2016)." Open Public Health Journal 13, no. 1 (February 18, 2020): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874944502013010001.

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Background: Typhoid is a life-threatening infectious disease requiring the administration of antibiotics for treatment. Ciprofloxacin is the antibiotic of choice for diarrheal cases in Zimbabwe, adopted by the Ministry of Health and Child Care, from current World Health Organisation (WHO) guidelines. However, there has been an increase in the emergence and spread of multidrug resistance against ciprofloxacin and conventional drugs antibiotics for the treatment of typhoid. Objective: This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the prevalence of ciprofloxacin-resistant Salmonella Typhi (S. Typhi) isolated in Harare for the first quarter of 2016. Methods: This study was carried out at the National Microbiology Reference Laboratory (NMRL), located at Harare Central Hospital, in Zimbabwe. The NMRL carries out confirmatory tests and molecular typing of pathogens isolated at different national laboratories. The current study retrieved demographics, clinical data, and isolates for confirmed typhoid cases out of 402 suspected specimens. The isolates from Harare, confirmed as S. Typhi, between January and April 2016, were evaluated for ciprofloxacin resistance. Results: A total of 35 S. Typhi isolates were recovered for the period from January to April 2016. When the 35 isolates were characterised, nine (25.7%) were resistant to ciprofloxacin. The area with the highest recorded cases of typhoid fever was Budiriro High-Density Suburb in Harare. This area has been hit by other diarrheal outbreaks in the past, most likely due to the intermittent supply of safe water. Conclusion: Most high-density areas, where S. Typhi positive specimens originated, are overpopulated and have regular water cuts, resulting in a decrease in hygiene. More than a quarter of isolates are resistant to ciprofloxacin, agreeing with other reports from Zimbabwe. The misuse of antibiotics could be associated with resistance, necessitating education on the correct use of antibiotics in the community and other preventive measures. Additionally, molecular research on geographic and phylogenetic relatedness of isolates and other holistic approaches for studying the development of antimicrobial resistance mutations, using whole-genome sequencing, in this setting, are warranted.

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Osirim, Mary Johnson. "SWS Distinguished Feminist Lecture: Feminist Politcal Economy in a Globalized World: African Women Migrants in South Africa and the United States." Gender & Society 32, no. 6 (October 31, 2018): 765–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0891243218804188.

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Based on research conducted over the past two decades, this lecture examines how the feminist political economy perspective can aid us in understanding the experiences of two populations of African women: Zimbabwean women cross-border traders in South Africa and African immigrant women in the northeastern United States. Feminist political economy compels us to explore the impact of the current phase of globalization as well as the roles of intersectionality and agency in the lives of African women. This research stems from fieldwork conducted in Harare and Bulawayo, Zimbabwe and Johannesburg and Cape Town, South Africa, as well as in metropolitan Boston and Philadelphia. Despite the many challenges that African migrant women face in these different venues, they continue to demonstrate much creativity and resilience and, in the process, they contribute to community development.

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Shand, Wayne. "Making spaces for co-production: collaborative action for settlement upgrading in Harare, Zimbabwe." Environment and Urbanization 30, no. 2 (August 6, 2018): 519–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956247818783962.

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To make co-production work as a strategy for urban development, and to establish a basis for collaborative action, states and organized communities must find a way to manage their unequal power relationship. Effective partnerships, constructed through projects of co-production, require participants to move beyond institutionally defined roles of service provider and service consumer to forge new terms for collaboration and spaces for joint decision-making. The processes of making space for co-production can be centrally important to establishing the legitimacy of development activity that includes the urban poor as stakeholders. Drawing from research undertaken in Harare, Zimbabwe, this paper examines how a memorandum of understanding was used to frame dialogue between community and state actors and facilitate co-production of housing and infrastructure in a low-income settlement.

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Manzini, Sibongile, Evaristo Nsenduluka, and Edwin Bbenkele. "A Business Case for the Adoption of a Knowledge Management Strategy and Government Policy as Precursors for Divapreneurship Development in Zimbabwe." International Journal of Entrepreneurial Research 3, no. 4 (November 30, 2020): 102–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.31580/ijer.v3i4.1546.

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The study showcases a business value proposition to policy makers for the adoption of a business paradigm involving the infusion of knowledge management practices, strategic thinking and government policy intervention for divapreneurship development in Zimbabwe. The significance of knowledge management (KM) in women entrepreneurial development arises from the fact that, KM is considered as one of the most effective strategic tools for enterprise survival (Kim and Koh, 2011). The study also investigated the antecedents of bringing about the divatude (positive attitude) in women, as a new way of addressing the impediments to the development of women so that they could be united, driven, inspired, action oriented and victorious ensuring that divapreneurship development becomes a reality in Zimbabwe (Bbenkele, 2013). The mixed method research paradigm was adopted with both quantitative and qualitative data integrated in data collection. Consequently, basing on a purposive sample of 558 structured questionnaires, and focus group discussions, data was collected in line with the sequential explanatory approach. The study was carried out in Bulawayo and Harare Metropolitan Provinces, and Matabeleland North Provinces in Zimbabwe. The study recommended a ten factor framework for divapreneurship development involving universities as the nerve centre, in unrolling entrepreneurial education and training working in collaboration with the Ministry of Women’s Affairs, Gender and Community Development.

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Chitekwe-Biti, Beth, Patience Mudimu, George Masimba Nyama, and Takudzwa Jera. "Developing an informal settlement upgrading protocol in Zimbabwe – the Epworth story." Environment and Urbanization 24, no. 1 (April 2012): 131–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956247812437138.

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This paper describes how a settlement profile, mapping and enumeration of Magada, an informal settlement in the town of Epworth just outside Harare, provided the basis for an upgrading programme. This was both in terms of the needed information and in terms of agreement between the residents and their community organizations and local and national government. The local government’s agreement to support in situ upgrading was the first of its kind in Zimbabwe and it is the first settlement plan to include meaningful participation by residents in articulating their own development priorities and in influencing the design. The work to map and number each plot was undertaken by teams that included residents, supported by members of the Zimbabwe Homeless People’s Federation and its support NGO Dialogue on Shelter Trust, along with planning students. This was supported by high resolution satellite images and a GIS process was developed drawing in data from enumerations covering each household. A concept plan was developed and presented to residents and the local government to allow feedback. A survey of buildings showed where there were clusters of commercial activities and allowed mixed land uses to be accommodated in the upgrading plan. Guidelines were developed to show where the proposals contravened existing official standards and to justify what was proposed. The paper ends with a consideration of what still needs to be accomplished – including agreement on the re-alignment of plots, the means for transferring tenure and how to finance proposals. It is hoped that this initiative will lead to a protocol for in situ upgrading that can be used to inform the upgrading process in other cities in Zimbabwe.

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6

Tatenda, Rugare Joyful, Pieterse Petrus Jacobus, and Mabasa Stanford. "Influence of Short-term Maize–Green Manure Cover Crop Rotations on Germinable Weed Seed Bank under Conservation Agriculture." Asian Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development 11, no. 1 (April 6, 2021): 139–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.18488/journal.ajard.2021.111.139.155.

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The effects of one- and two-year maize-cover crop rotations on weed seed bank density and species composition were evaluated in fields at the University of Zimbabwe (UZ) and the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT, Harare) between 2014 and 2017. Nine cover crops were rotated, and maize and weed seed bank analyses were done using the seedling emergence method. Maize was used as the control. The results indicated that weed seed density was not significantly (p > 0.05) affected by cover crop mulch type across the seasons. There was a significant (p < 0.05) decline in weed density in the second maize phase of the rotation in UZ Field A. Bidens pilosa, Galinsoga parviflora, Amaranthus hybridus and Eleusine indica were the dominant weeds. B. pilosa density significantly decreased in the second season in UZ Field A but did not vary significantly among cover crops. Significant changes in weed species richness, evenness, and diversity were observed only in the second phase of the rotation in UZ Field A. The results suggest that maize-cover crop rotations could be effective in reducing seed bank size in the short term but have no short-term effect on weed species community composition.

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7

Musavengane, Regis, Pius Siakwah, and Llewellyn Leonard. "“Does the poor matter” in pro-poor driven sub-Saharan African cities? towards progressive and inclusive pro-poor tourism." International Journal of Tourism Cities 5, no. 3 (November 29, 2019): 392–411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijtc-05-2019-0057.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to question the extent to which Sub-Saharan African cities are progressing towards promoting pro-poor economies through pro-poor tourism (PPT). It specifically examines how African cities are resilient towards attaining sustainable urban tourism destinations in light of high urbanization. Design/methodology/approach The methodological framework is interpretive in nature and qualitative in an operational form. It uses meta-synthesis to evaluate the causal relationships observed within Sub-Saharan African pro-poor economies to enhance PPT approaches, using Accra, Ghana, Johannesburg, South Africa, and Harare, Zimbabwe, as case studies. Findings Tourism development in Sub-Saharan Africa has been dominantly underpinned by neoliberal development strategies which threaten the sustainability of tourism in African cities. Research limitations/implications The study is limited to three Sub-Saharan African countries. Further studies may need to be done in other developing countries. Practical implications It argues for good governance through sustainability institutionalization which strengthens the regulative mechanisms, processes and organizational culture. Inclusive tourism approaches that are resilient-centered have the potential to promote urban tourism in Sub-Saharan African cities. These findings contribute to the building of strong and inclusive Institutions for Sustainable Development in the Sub-Saharan African cities to alleviate poverty. Social implications These findings contribute to the building of strong and inclusive institutions for sustainable development in the Sub-Saharan African cities to alleviate poverty. Originality/value The “poor” are always within the communities, and it takes a community to minimise the impact of poverty among the populace. The study is conducted at a pertinent time when most African government’s development policies are pro-poor driven. Though African cities provide opportunities of growth, they are regarded as centres of high inequality.

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Machamacha, Moven, Sunil Herat, and Mercy Mudzingwa. "Community-based waste management initiative: case study from Harare, Zimbabwe." International Journal of Environment and Waste Management 7, no. 3/4 (2011): 335. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijewm.2011.039473.

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9

Ndunguru, Michael Gregory, and Zvikomborero Hoko. "Assessment of water loss in Harare, Zimbabwe." Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 6, no. 4 (September 28, 2016): 519–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2016.157.

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A major challenge facing water utilities is the high level of water losses, which affects the financial viability and adequacy of water in the system. A study was carried out from January to May 2012 to characterize water losses in selected areas of Harare, Zimbabwe. Assessment of the contribution of water leakage to total water loss was carried out through water audits in four selected suburbs. Minimum night flows were determined over a number of days, and the SANFLOW model was used to determine average real losses. The water loss expressed as a percentage of supply in the four suburbs ranged from 29 to 43%, and was above the level expected for well-performing utilities in developing countries of 23%. Leakage contributed most to the water loss (>70%). For the entire city, the study established that non-revenue water ranged from 43 to 74% over the period 2009–2011. The study concludes that water loss management in Harare is poor, and this is affecting the quality of service delivery. There is a need for Harare to take a more proactive approach to water loss management, including periodic water audits.

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10

BROADHEAD, JEREMY C., and MELANIE A. ABAS. "Life events, difficulties and depression among women in an urban setting in Zimbabwe." Psychological Medicine 28, no. 1 (January 1998): 29–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291797005618.

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Background. A previous paper (Abas & Broadhead, 1997) reported that among 172 women randomly selected from a Zimbabwean township 30·8% had a depressive or anxiety disorder during the previous year. Compared with London, the higher annual prevalence of disorders in Harare could mostly be accounted for by an excess of onset cases in the study year (annual incidence of depression 18%). This paper reports on the role of life events and difficulties in the aetiology of depression among these women.Method. Randomly selected women (N=172) from a township in Harare were interviewed with a Zimbabwean modification of the Bedford College Life Events and Difficulties Schedule (LEDS).Results. Events and difficulties proved critical in provoking the onset of depression in Harare. Far more events occurring in Harare were severe or disruptive. Furthermore, a proportion of the Harare severe events were more threatening than have been described in London. As in London, certain types of severe event were particularly depressogenic, i.e. those involving the woman's humiliation, her entrapment in an ongoing difficult situation, or bereavement. However, more severe events in Harare involved these specific dimensions.Conclusions. Results indicate a common mechanism for the development of depression, as defined by international criteria, between Zimbabwe and London. The high frequency of severe events, and their especially adverse qualities, offer an explanation for the high incidence of depression in Harare.

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11

NATHOO, KUSUM J., SAMUEL CHIGONDE, MARGARET NHEMBE, MOHAMED H. ALI, and PETER R. MASON. "Community-acquired Bacteremia in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-infected Children in Harare, Zimbabwe." Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal 15, no. 12 (December 1996): 1092–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006454-199612000-00007.

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12

Nhapi, Innocent. "The water situation in Harare, Zimbabwe: a policy and management problem." Water Policy 11, no. 2 (April 1, 2009): 221–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2009.018.

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Harare, the capital city of Zimbabwe, is facing water quantity and quality problems, with serious pollution of the downstream Lake Chivero. Often, these problems are attributed to rapid population growth, inadequate maintenance of wastewater treatment plants, expensive technologies and a poor institutional framework. Rampant urban agriculture could also result in washing off and leaching of nutrients. This paper brings out a number of issues related to sustainable water management in Harare. The study was based on key informant interviews, focus group discussions and a literature review. The results show that monitoring and enforcement of regulations in Harare is poor because of economic hardships and lack of political will to deal with offenders. Also, there is irregular collection of garbage, low fines owing to hyper-inflation and a general failure by the city to collect water and other charges from residents. The city has also failed to raise tariffs to economic levels owing to heavy lobbying by residents and interference by government. It was concluded that Harare cannot overcome its water-related problems under the current set-up. It is recommended that a corporatised body, free from political influence and with a higher degree of autonomy, be established to run the water services for Harare and the neighbouring towns. Such a body would need a sound and flexible system for setting tariffs and enacting/enforcing reasonable regulations.

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13

Hove, Mediel, Enock Ndawana, and Wonder S. Ndemera. "Illegal street vending and national security in Harare, Zimbabwe." Africa Review 12, no. 1 (November 7, 2019): 71–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09744053.2019.1685323.

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14

Manjengwa, Jeanette, Collen Matema, and Doreen Tirivanhu. "Understanding urban poverty in two high-density suburbs of Harare, Zimbabwe." Development Southern Africa 33, no. 1 (January 2, 2016): 23–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0376835x.2015.1116376.

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15

Corbett, E. L., J. Muzangwa, K. Chaka, E. Dauya, Y. B. Cheung, S. S. Munyati, A. Reid, et al. "Nursing and Community Rates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection among Students in Harare, Zimbabwe." Clinical Infectious Diseases 44, no. 3 (February 1, 2007): 317–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/509926.

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16

Chisita, Collence Takaingenhamo, and Madeleine Fombad. "Knowledge Management for Climate Change Adaptation to Enhance Urban Agriculture Among Selected Organisations in Zimbabwe." Journal of Information & Knowledge Management 19, no. 02 (May 21, 2020): 2050009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219649220500094.

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Just like any other country in the world, Zimbabwe is vulnerable to climate change because of its position in a semi-arid exposed temperature variations among other vulnerabilities. The paper draws on various definitions, studies, policies and frameworks for knowledge management as the basis for recommending knowledge management strategy for climate change adaptation to enhance urban farming in Harare. It seeks to build on the existing knowledge management strategies for climate change adaptation to enhance urban farming in Harare. Currently, knowledge management strategies for climate change adaptation among selected environmental organisations and libraries in Zimbabwe are not being leveraged to actualise national development goals, however this paper seeks to examine these strategies in order to support urban farming. A well-coordinated national knowledge management strategy for climate change adaptation can contribute towards sustainable urban farming. The paper seeks to recommend knowledge management strategy for climate change adaptation among urban farmers in Harare.

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17

Makanyeza, Charles, Tendai Linah Chitambara, and Nicholas Zivengwa Kakava. "Does Corporate Social Responsibility Influence Firm Performance? Empirical Evidence from Harare, Zimbabwe." Journal of African Business 19, no. 2 (November 29, 2017): 155–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15228916.2017.1410047.

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Matamanda, Abraham R., and Queen L. Chinozvina. "Driving Forces of Citizen Participation in Urban Development Practice in Harare, Zimbabwe." Land Use Policy 99 (December 2020): 105090. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2020.105090.

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Chamlee‐Wright, Emily. "Savings and Accumulation Strategies of Urban Market Women in Harare, Zimbabwe." Economic Development and Cultural Change 50, no. 4 (July 2002): 979–1005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/343134.

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20

Rogerson, Chris. "Urban management in a socialist transition: The case of Harare, Zimbabwe." Journal of Contemporary African Studies 8, no. 1 (January 1989): 55–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02589008908737483.

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Rogerson, Chris. "Urban management in a socialist transition: The case of Harare, Zimbabwe." Journal of Contemporary African Studies 9, no. 2 (January 1990): 55–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02589009008729491.

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22

Mushore, Terence Darlington, John Odindi, Timothy Dube, and Onisimo Mutanga. "Outdoor thermal discomfort analysis in Harare, Zimbabwe in Southern Africa." South African Geographical Journal 100, no. 2 (June 29, 2017): 162–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03736245.2017.1339630.

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23

Wekwete, Kadmiel. "Urban local government finance in Zimbabwe: The case of Harare City Council." Public Administration and Development 12, no. 1 (February 1992): 97–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pad.4230120108.

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Rogerson, Christian M. "Responding to Informality in Urban Africa: Street Trading in Harare, Zimbabwe." Urban Forum 27, no. 2 (February 4, 2016): 229–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12132-016-9273-0.

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Matamanda, Abraham R., Innocent Chirisa, Fortune Mangara, and Munyaradzi A. Dzvimbo. "The Ecological Politics Surrounding the Downsizing and Downgrading of Public Park: A Reflection on the History of Change of the Harare Gardens in Zimbabwe." Case Studies in the Environment 3, no. 1 (December 31, 2019): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/cse.2019.001958.

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The study of protected area downgrading and downsizing (PADD) in Africa has largely been confined to rustic and nature reserves outside urban boundaries. This study addresses the gap in research practice and puts a focus on urban public parks, a reference to Harare Gardens, located within central Harare. The case study of this important park engaged the political ecology lenses as a basis for understanding the significance of public parks in urban environments. Operationalization of the study involved interviews with various stakeholders including the city officials and experts in urban planning and conservation, as well as observations and examination of published documents. Several lessons and observations are made. First, downsizing is mainly a result of increasing demand for urban land in Harare, which seems to be exhausted. Second, downscaling was explained through eco-development where the City of Harare sought to maximize on land-use. Third, the rationale for the PADD of Harare Gardens has been mainly for selfish reasons by individuals who manipulate the land market in Harare and subsequently benefit from the process. Fourth, politics takes a central role in influencing the occurrence of PADD in Zimbabwe that has been the case with Harare Gardens. Our findings suggest that the decision to downsize Harare Gardens was largely politically driven considering that such occurrences have been on-going in the city and led to the downsizing and downgrading of other protected areas such as wetlands.

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Mukumbuzi, Redempter Wadzanayi, Jeffrey Kurebwa, and Pindai Mangwanindichero Sithole. "Citizen Participation in Community-Based Planning." International Journal of Political Activism and Engagement 8, no. 2 (April 2021): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijpae.2021040101.

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The purpose of this study was to understand the role of citizen participation in community-based planning with specific reference to the Borrowdale Ratepayers and Residents Association (BRRA) in Harare, Zimbabwe. Qualitative methodology was employed in the study and data was collected through key informant interviews. The key findings of the study were that there is little awareness on the role and importance of citizen participation in community-based planning. This is despite the fact that Borrowdale Community often experiences poor public service delivery and resource management where citizen participation would contribute meaningfully. The study concluded that citizens need to be aware of their role in community-based planning as this has a direct effect on service delivery. Local governance practices need to be transformed to reflect the needs and problems of residents and ratepayers.

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Chiweshe and Mahiya. "Corruption and the Morality of Everyday Life in Urban Harare, Zimbabwe." Africa Today 68, no. 1 (2021): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2979/africatoday.68.1.04.

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Nhongo, Kuitakwashe, Zvikomborero Hoko, and Jameson Kugara. "Investigating disinfectant by-products in Harare potable water supply, Zimbabwe." Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 8, no. 3 (June 6, 2018): 415–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2018.104.

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Abstract Formation of disinfectant by-products was investigated in the Harare water supply system from February to April 2015. Sampling sites were selected from the lake, Morton Jaffray Water Treatment Works and critical points in the distribution system. The spatial variations of trihalomethanes and selected water quality parameters were investigated for 15 sampling points in 5 sampling campaigns to assess suitability for drinking. All trihalomethane species were measured, namely chloroform, bromodichloromethane, dibromochloromethane and bromoform. Only chloroform and bromodichloromethane were detected. The study confirmed that there is trihalomethanes formation in the Harare water distribution system and that it is affected by the residence time and presence of organic matter in the system. However, the levels of trihalomethanes are generally within the levels suggested by the World Health Organization. Only bromodichloromethane presents a risk for long-term exposure as it had levels that exceeded the limit for long-term exposure suggested by the United States Environmental Protection Agency. Bromodichloromethane, turbidity and free residual chlorine levels were not suitable for drinking in some of the zones. Boosting of chlorine residuals is necessary especially in areas with free chlorine less than 0.2 mg/L. Injection of ammonia, periodic cleaning of storage reservoirs, and flushing of lines will reduce trihalomethanes formation.

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Mandishona, Emmah, and Jasper Knight. "Users’ perceptions and understanding of two urban wetlands in Harare, Zimbabwe." South African Geographical Journal 101, no. 3 (June 6, 2019): 326–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03736245.2019.1626759.

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30

Nhubu, Trust, and Edison Muzenda. "Determination of the Least Impactful Municipal Solid Waste Management Option in Harare, Zimbabwe." Processes 7, no. 11 (November 1, 2019): 785. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr7110785.

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Six municipal solid waste management (MSWM) options (A1–A6) in Harare were developed and analyzed for their global warming, acidification, eutrophication and human health impact potentials using life cycle assessment methodology to determine the least impactful option in Harare. Study findings will aid the development of future MSWM systems in Harare. A1 and A2 considered the landfilling and incineration, respectively, of indiscriminately collected MSW with energy recovery and byproduct treatment. Source-separated biodegradables were anaerobically treated with the remaining non-biodegradable fraction being incinerated in A3 and landfilled in A4. A5 and A6 had the same processes as in A3 and A4, respectively, except the inclusion of the recovery of 20% of the recoverable materials. The life cycle stages considered were collection and transportation, materials recovery, anaerobic digestion, landfilling and incineration. A5 emerged as the best option. Materials recovery contributed to impact potential reductions across the four impact categories. Sensitivity analysis revealed that doubling materials recovery and increasing it to 28% under A5 resulted in zero eutrophication and acidification, respectively. Increasing material recovery to 24% and 26% under A6 leads to zero acidification and eutrophication, respectively. Zero global warming and human health impacts under A6 are realised at 6% and 9% materials recovery levels, respectively.

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Tshandu, Z. "Book Reviews : Sam Moyo, The Land Question in Zimbabwe (Harare, Zimbabwe: SAPES Books, 1995), 333 pp. Cloth, paper. No price reported." Journal of Asian and African Studies 33, no. 3 (January 1, 1998): 301–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002190969803300317.

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32

Higgins, Kathy M., and Albert Mazula. "Community development: a national strategy in Zimbabwe." Community Development Journal 28, no. 1 (1993): 19–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdj/28.1.19.

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33

Matamanda, Abraham R. "Battling the informal settlement challenge through sustainable city framework: experiences and lessons from Harare, Zimbabwe." Development Southern Africa 37, no. 2 (January 30, 2019): 217–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0376835x.2019.1572495.

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Matamanda, Abraham R. "Living in an Emerging Settlement: the Story of Hopley Farm Settlement, Harare Zimbabwe." Urban Forum 31, no. 4 (June 20, 2020): 473–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12132-020-09394-5.

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35

Mudimu, Godfrey D. "URBAN AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES AND WOMEN'S STRATEGIES IN SUSTAINING FAMILY LIVELIHOODS IN HARARE, ZIMBABWE." Singapore Journal of Tropical Geography 17, no. 2 (December 1996): 179–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9493.1996.tb00092.x.

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Rakodi, Carole. "From a Settler History to an African Present: Housing Markets in Harare, Zimbabwe." Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 13, no. 1 (February 1995): 91–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/d130091.

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37

Nhapi, I., H. J. Gijzen, and M. A. Siebel. "A conceptual framework for the sustainable management of wastewater in Harare, Zimbabwe." Water Science and Technology 47, no. 7-8 (April 1, 2003): 11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2003.0665.

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The aim of this study was to formulate an integrated wastewater management model for Harare, Zimbabwe, based on current thinking. This implies that wastewater is treated/disposed of as close to the source of generation as possible. Resource recovery and reuse in a local thriving urban agriculture are integrated into this model. Intervention strategies were considered for controlling water, nitrogen and phosphorus flows to the lake. In the formulation of strategies, Harare was divided into five major operational areas of high-, medium-, and low-density residential areas, and also commercial and industrial areas. Specific options were then considered to suit landuse, development constraints and socio-economic status for each area, within the overall criteria of limiting nutrient inflows into the downstream Lake Chivero. Flexible and differential solutions were developed in relation to built environment, population density, composition of users, ownership, future environmental demands, and technical, environmental, hygienic, social and organisational factors. Options considered include source control by the users (residents, industries, etc.), using various strategies like implementation of toilets with source separation, and natural methods of wastewater treatment. Other possible strategies are invoking better behaviour through fees and information, incentives for cleaner production, and user responsibility through education, legislative changes and stricter controls over industry.

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Patel, V., T. Musara, T. Butau, P. Maramba, and S. Fuyane. "Concepts of mental illness and medical pluralism in Harare." Psychological Medicine 25, no. 3 (May 1995): 485–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291700033407.

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SYNOPSISThe Focus Group Discussions (FGD) described in this paper are the first step of a study aiming to develop an ‘emic’ case-finding instrument. In keeping with the realities of primary care in Zimbabwe, nine FGD were held with 76 care providers including 30 village community workers, 22 traditional and faith healers (collectively referred to as traditional healers in this paper), 15 relatives of patients and 9 community psychiatric nurses. In addition to the general facets of concepts of mental illness, three ‘etic’ case vignettes were also presented.A change in behaviour or ability to care for oneself emerged as the central definition of mental illness. Both the head and the heart were regarded as playing an important role in the mediation of emotions. The types of mental illness described were intimately related to beliefs about spiritual causation. Angered ancestral spirits, evil spirits and witchcraft were seen as potent causes of mental illness. Families not only bore the burden of caring for the patient and all financial expenses involved, but were also ostracized and isolated. Both biomedical and traditional healers could help mentally ill persons by resolving different issues relating to the same illness episode. All case vignettes were recognized by the care providers in their communities though many felt that the descriptions did not reflect ‘illnesses’ but social problems and that accordingly, the treatment for these was social, rather than medical.The data enabled us to develop screening criteria for mental illness to be used by traditional healers and primary care nurses in the next stage of the study in which patients selected by these care providers on the grounds of suspicion of suffering from mental illness will be interviewed to elicit their explanatory models of illness and phenomenology.

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Patel, Vikram. "A view from the road: experiences in four continents." Psychiatric Bulletin 18, no. 8 (August 1994): 500–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.18.8.500.

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Since graduating from medical school eight years ago, I have had the chance of experiencing clinical psychiatry in four countries on four continents; Bombay and Goa, India, my home, where I trained in medicine and began my psychiatric training; Oxford and London, United Kingdom, where I acquired a taste for academic psychiatry and completed my clinical training; Sydney, Australia, where I worked in a liaison unit in a large general hospital and a community mental health centre; and now, Harare, Zimbabwe, where I am conducting a two year study on traditional concepts of mental illness and the role of traditional healers and other care providers in primary mental health care.

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Sengai, Walter, and Matseliso L. Mokhele. "Teachers’ perceptions on development and implementation of History 2167 syllabus in Zimbabwe." Cypriot Journal of Educational Sciences 16, no. 3 (June 30, 2021): 916–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/cjes.v16i3.5763.

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The purpose of this study is to examine the perceptions of teachers on the development and implementation process of the History 2167 syllabus reform in Zimbabwe. Successful implementation of syllabus reforms depends on teachers’ ownership and knowledge about the reform ideas. Teachers are the closest individuals to the circumstances of the decisions made and their role as implementers gives them a significant influence on curriculum decisions. However, studies on syllabus development and implementation have often explored these processes using the input from other stakeholders while overlooking teacher perceptions. Data for this qualitative phenomenological study were generated from transcripts of in-depth interviews with five purposively sampled history teachers drawn from five secondary schools in the Glen. View/ Mufakose District in Harare Metropolitan Province. Findings showed that the success of curriculum reforms largely rests on the shoulders of teachers, since they are the ones who put reform ideas into practice. We conclude that in order for curriculum reforms to succeed, the policy-makers and teachers should work harmoniously to cultivate appropriate instructional practices. We recommend that teachers should actively participate in the syllabus development process, as well as have the power to influence the decisions about the implementation of the curriculum. Key words: development and implementation; History 2167 syllabus; syllabus reform; teachers’ perceptions.

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Mubaya, Chipo Plaxedes, Mzime Regina Ndebele-Murisa, and Rudo Mamombe. "Alternative inclusive approaches for improving climate information services and decision-making in Harare, Zimbabwe." Urban Climate 34 (December 2020): 100691. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.uclim.2020.100691.

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Mureva, A., T. Nyamugure, C. Masona, SM Mudyiwa, P. Makumbe, M. Muringayi, and G. Nyamadzawo. "Community perceptions towards the establishment of an urban forest plantation: a case of Dzivaresekwa, Zimbabwe." International Journal of Agricultural Research, Innovation and Technology 4, no. 1 (November 27, 2014): 16–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ijarit.v4i1.20973.

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The health of urban forest communities not only depend on the government and nongovernmental organizations, but also strongly rely on local community stewardship. A study was carried out to assess community perceptions on the establishment of an urban forest plantation among urban residents in Dzivaresekwa, an urban area in Harare. Randomized systematic sampling was used to select 150 households and one resident per household was interviewed using a pretested questionnaire with both closed and open-ended questions. The objectives of the study were to determine how age and gender and employment status variables, were related to the urban residents perceptions towards establishment of a forest plantation in an urban area. Most females (58.3%) viewed the plantation as a threat while most men (51.7%) viewed the plantation as a recreational area. The highest proportion (61.9%) of the middle age group (21-40 years) perceived the plantation as a source of employment. There was a statistically significant relationship (p = 0.040) between gender and the general perception of establishing a forest plantation in the urban area. However, there was no statistically significant relationship (p = 0.203) between age groups and the perception of establishing a forest plantation in the urban area. It is concluded that the community had diverse perceptions on urban community forestry. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ijarit.v4i1.20973 Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. & Tech. 4 (1): 16-23, June, 2014

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ARMOUR, CHARLES. "Access to Information Indaba97 Harare: Zimbabwe International Book Fair Trust, 1997. Pp. 232. £8.95 (pbk.)." Journal of Modern African Studies 37, no. 3 (September 1999): 507–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x99503078.

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O’Brien, Stephen M. "Community mobilisation and HIV activism in Zimbabwe." Journal of Contemporary African Studies 38, no. 1 (January 2, 2020): 138–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02589001.2020.1746747.

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Hurasha,, Christine Ivy, and Tafara Chiremba. "Influence of electronic commerce on business performance: Evidence from e-commerce organisations in Harare, Zimbabwe." Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies 8, no. 6(J) (January 24, 2017): 146–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v8i6(j).1488.

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Abstract: The purpose of the study was to explore the impact of electronic commerce on business performance with specific focus on business organisations in Harare, Zimbabwe. This was achieved through investigating the relationship between e-commerce investment and indicators of business performance such as cost operations, service operations and profit levels. A structured questionnaire was developed and administered to 40 respondents from 10 e-commerce organisations. The study revealed that there was a positive relationship between e-commerce investment and business performance. It was revealed that an investment in e-commerce by organisations in Zimbabwe would increase profit levels, improve service operations and reduce transaction costs. The researchers recommended that organisations that have already adopted e-commerce should raise customer awareness and interest in e-commerce and promote the usage of the technology. They also recommended that policy makers such as the Government must take a leading role in the funding of education and the development of infrastructure in order to encourage more organizations and consumers to participate in e-commerce.Keywords: E-commerce, Business performance, Business organisations, Service operations, Cost operations

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Dalu, Tatenda, Maxwell Barson, and Tamuka Nhiwatiwa. "Impact of intestinal microorganisms and protozoan parasites on drinking water quality in Harare, Zimbabwe." Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 1, no. 3 (September 1, 2011): 153–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2011.049.

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The presence of microorganisms and their potential impacts on drinking water from boreholes, bowsers, lakes, rivers, springs, taps and wells was investigated in peri-urban settlements around Harare. Escherichia coli, Salmonella sp., Vibrio cholerae and faecal streptococci were present in all water sources except for the boreholes and bowsers. Rivers, lake and wells showed the greatest diversity of 10, 5 and 6 species and relative density (rd) of 90.9, 83.4 and 61.67% respectively for the protozoan parasites. Cryptosporidium was identified in groundwater sources; wells (rd = 8.3%) and springs (rd = 41.7%) and identified in tap water (rd = 6.23%) and the Mukuvisi River downstream (rd = 8.3%). Entamoeba histolytica, Cyclospora, Isospora belli, Trichuris trichiura and Giardia lamblia were found in all water sources. Eggs/larvae of intestinal parasites; Ascaris lumbricoides, Strongyloides, Rhabditis, Taenia sp. and Schistosoma mansoni were identified in different water sources. Faecal coliform levels had a significant effect on the water sources' water quality with p = 0.018 in all sites except for the borehole whilst faecal streptococci had no significant impact with p = 0.513. The presence of at least one microbial pathogenic organism and parasites in most of the water sources poses a threat to the water quality and is a human health risk in the study areas.

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Dandadzi, Pardon, Zvikomborero Hoko, and Tamuka Nhiwatiwa. "Investigating the quality of stored drinking water from the Harare water distribution system, Zimbabwe." Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 9, no. 1 (December 27, 2018): 90–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2018.107.

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Abstract This study investigated the effects of different storage conditions (refrigerator, cupboard and sunlight) on the quality of drinking water collected from the distribution system. The study was carried out in the period June–July 2017 and focussed on selected suburbs of Harare. Sampling sites on the distribution system were grouped into three zones (1, 2 and 3) depending on the proximity to the treatment plant, whether there was further chlorination or not and the water flow path. Three water samples were collected in opaque 5 L containers from one site (tap) in each zone and stored under the three storage conditions and periodically analysed for pH, free residual chlorine, temperature and chlorophyll-a. The pH of stored water increased with storage time for all storage conditions and in all zones. The residual chlorine decreased with time in all zones and under all storage conditions. The chlorophyll-a levels also decreased with time under all storage conditions. Refrigerator samples showed the slowest deterioration of water quality and sunlight the highest. Although the pH of stored water increased with time, it remained within both SAZ and WHO guideline values. Household disinfection of stored water is recommended generally after 1 week of storage.

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Dandadzi, Pardon, Zvikomborero Hoko, and Tamuka Nhiwatiwa. "Investigating the occurrence of algae in the drinking water supply system of Harare, Zimbabwe." Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 10, no. 2 (February 17, 2020): 179–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2020.102.

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Abstract This study assessed the quality of drinking water in the water supply system for the City of Harare (Zimbabwe) by investigating the occurrence of algae and other water quality parameters that affect its growth. At Morton Jaffray Water Treatment Works (MJWTWs), samples were collected from the raw water inlet and treated water outlet points. In the distribution system, samples were collected from selected sites and grouped into four zones (1, 2, 3 and 4). The algal taxonomic groups that were found in both raw and treated water comprised of Cyanophyceae, Chlorophyceae, Bacillariophyceae, Euglenophyceae and Dinophyceae. It was found out that Microcystis aeruginosa followed by Anabaena were the most abundant species in both raw water and in the distribution system. All measured water quality parameters were within the Standards Association of Zimbabwe and WHO guideline values except for chlorine which had an average residual chlorine concentration that was lower than the WHO recommended lower value of 0.2 mg/L in parts of Zone 2. Morton Jaffray Water Treatment Works does not completely remove algae, and there is a carry-over of algae into the distribution system. Boosting of chlorine is recommended for Zone 2 that had residual chlorine less than the WHO minimum threshold of 0.2 mg/L.

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Chikulo, Shiela, Paul Hebinck, and Bill Kinsey. "‘Mbare Musika is ours’: An analysis of a fresh produce market in Zimbabwe." African Affairs 119, no. 476 (April 1, 2020): 311–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/afraf/adaa003.

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Abstract The functioning of markets is premised on the creation of collaborative relationships and networks. Food markets in Zimbabwe are evolving in response to state interventions that aim to restructure the marketplace and the flow of produce. This article explores Mbare Musika, the oldest and largest marketplace in Harare supplying the city with fresh fruit and vegetables. We analyse Mbare Musika from the perspective of the interactions among farmers and retailers, vendors, transporters, intermediaries, officials, and customers, in creating and sustaining a specific enduring market. We use actor narratives to understand the ordering and (re)ordering of people and produce in the context of informalization, shifting polycentric relationships, and market infrastructure to sustain livelihoods anchored on the circulation of large volumes of diverse fresh produce. The market is overtly economic in outlook but, intrinsically, it is a social arena where discourses are continuously reconstructed, reproduced, and expressed through daily interactions. We situate Mbare Musika in past and present sociopolitical processes of transformation in Zimbabwe.

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Kembo, Joshua. "Social and economic consequences of HIV and AIDS on children: case study of a high-density community in Harare, Zimbabwe." SAHARA-J: Journal of Social Aspects of HIV/AIDS 7, no. 4 (December 2010): 39–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17290376.2010.9724976.

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