Relevant bibliographies by topics / Community forests Forest management Nepal

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Community forests Forest management Nepal'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 4 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Community forests Forest management Nepal"

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Paudel, S. "Community forestry in Nepal." Himalayan Journal of Sciences 1, no. 1 (2006): 62–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hjs.v1i1.190.

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Establishment of community forestry in Nepal is a successful step in conservation of forest. Community forestry programme through the local forest users group has shown its positive impacts in the society. This paper discusses an overview of the present scenario of the community forestry in Nepal. It describes the brief historical background, some important forest legislations, and organization of forest. The paper also describes the internal conflicts between forest users and district forest offices, and possible resolution. It also suggests some of the aspects of community forestry in which the research needs to be focused for the better management of the forests in Nepal.
 
 Himalayan Journal of Sciences 1(1): 62-65, 2003
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Bhattarai, B. P., R. M. Kunwar, and R. Kc. "Forest certification and FSC standard initiatives in collaborative forest management system in Nepal." International Forestry Review 21, no. 4 (2019): 416–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1505/146554819827906852.

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The Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) principles and criteria have been implemented in over 80 community forests in Nepal over the last decade. However, the total size of community forests certified under the FSC certification is relatively small (0.1% of the total area of the country), which limits the overall benefits they can provide to the surrounding communities. The national government has instituted the Collaborative Forest Management (CFM) initiative to maintain forest connectivity and give local communities jurisdiction over the nearby forests that they and their ancestor have lived with and managed for many generations. The CFM policies strive to ensure the restoration of large and continuous patches of forest, equitable benefit sharing of forest products and good governance, yet these policies do not certify the forests as sustainably managed, and thus cannot provide increased prices on the international market for products from these forests. Two collaborative forests were assessed in the Tarai region of Nepal to understand how well these community managed forests already follow the FSC principles and where changes must be made for these forests to be certified in the future. Field observations were undertaken, focus group discussions held, and semi-structured interviews carried out in order to understand current management practices in these two collaborative managed forests. Findings showed that the CFM helped improve biodiversity and benefit sharing from the forest amongst the wide range of communities. Collaboratively managed forests and FSC principles were shown to have complementary objectives: to sustain forests, strengthen forest governance and conserve indigenous species and knowledge, and it is argued that these plans can be synchronized for the benefit of both forests and people.
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Nagendra, Harini. "Tenure and forest conditions: community forestry in the Nepal Terai." Environmental Conservation 29, no. 4 (2002): 530–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892902000383.

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There is a current trend towards decentralization of forest management, particularly among developing nations. Nepal has taken a lead in initiating innovative policies of community forestry. Although these initiatives have been largely deemed successful in the mountains, within the Terai lowlands, there is considerable debate about their outcomes. This research evaluates forest condition within recently declared community forests, national forests and protected areas in the Nepal Terai, using plot mensuration techniques and interviews with local users. The initial condition of forests that were handed over to local communities for use was significantly poorer than those retained as national forests. Protected areas had the highest levels of plant abundance, biomass and biodiversity, which is not surprising, given the level of funds and manpower input to managing these limited areas. In the context of current controversy about the outcome of community forestry in the Nepal Terai, the poor initial condition of forests handed over to local communities is highly significant, and needs to be factored into evaluations of community forest management. This research underscores the need for benchmark studies for evaluating the future outcomes of forest policies in the Terai, provides a valuable addition to the limited information on forest conditions under different management regimes in Nepal, and indicates some of the difficulties that local communities face while dealing with community forestry in practice.
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Panthi, Bhanu B. "Additional Benefits of Community Managed Forest: A Case Study of Champadevi Community Forest." Nepal Journal of Science and Technology 12 (July 22, 2012): 127–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njst.v12i0.6490.

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This research attempts to identify the existing condition of the community managed forest based on the assumption that it will serve as a proxy for the condition of other forests in the mid hills region of Nepal. The research area has an atypical variation in altitude and diverse pattern of vegetation. This study mainly focuses on estimating carbon content in the forest and identifying the species that has more carbon storage capacity. The research signifies the role of forests in mitigation of ‘Global warming’ and ‘Climate change’ by storing carbon in tree biomass. These types of community based forest management programs are significant for their additional carbon sequestration through the avoidance of deforestation and degradation. The carbon sequestration have a significant contribution to environmental benefits, any shrinkage of forests have an enormous impact on CO2 emission with long term consequences. Thus, the development and expansion of community managed forests provide many benefits to the adjacent community and globally at large.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njst.v12i0.6490 Nepal Journal of Science and Technology 12 (2011) 127-32
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Shrestha, Pratiksha, Ram Prasad Chaudhary, Krishna Kumar Shrestha, and Dharma Raj Dangol. "Flora of community managed forests of Palpa district, western Nepal." Journal of Natural History Museum 30 (December 1, 2018): 102–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnhm.v30i0.27540.

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Floristic diversity is studied based on gender in two different management committee community forests (Barangdi-Kohal jointly managed community forest and Bansa-Gopal women managed community forest) of Palpa district, west Nepal. Square plot of 10m×10m size quadrat were laid for covering all forest areas and maintained minimum 40m distance between two quadrats. Altogether 68 plots (34 in each forest) were sampled. Both community forests had nearly same altitudinal range, aspect and slope but differed in different environmental variables and members of management committees. All the species present in quadrate and as well as outside the quadrate were recorded for analysis. There were 213 species of flowering plant belonging to 67 families and 182 genera. Barangdi-Kohal JM community forest had high species richness i.e. 176 species belonging to 64 families and 150 genera as compared to Bansa-Gopal WM community forest with 143 species belonging to 56 families and 129 genera. According to different life forms and family and genus wise jointly managed forest has high species richness than in women managed forest. Both community forest are banned for fodder, fuel wood and timber collection without permission of management comities. There is restriction of grazing in JM forest, whereas no restriction of grazing in WM forest.
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Pokharel, Ridish K. "Indigenous forest management practices in some community forests of Nepal." Banko Janakari 10, no. 1 (2017): 37–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/banko.v10i1.17652.

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Bhattarai, Lekha Nath. "Forest Management Systems in Western Hill Nepal: A Study of Mahabharat Tract, Arghakhanchi District." Journal of Nepalese Business Studies 2, no. 1 (2007): 56–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnbs.v2i1.54.

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This article intends to examine the dimensions of existing forest management systems in the western hill of Nepal on the basis of field survey conducted in the Mahabharat tract of Arghakhanchi District. The study suggests that there is a simultaneous existence of three regimes of forest administration and management in the study area, namely state controlled system, privately owned system and the community management system. Neither the forests are protected nor any initiatives of management as such found to have launched under state controlled system. However, the privately owned forests and pastures found to have managed better and so the community managed forests tracts. Although the community forests in area and intensity seems to be still in infancy the perception of the locals was found highly enthusiastic towards it and it is found directly related to the degree of scarcity of forest products. The assessment of some of the successful community forests entails that the emerging model of community forest is getting indispensable and right option for the better management of remaining forests despite some of the impediments posed due to heterogeneity within the communities of the users, the uneven distribution of the forests across the village settlements, undefined boundaries and tedious official procedures for handing over.
 
 Journal of Nepalese Business Studies Vol.2(1) 2005 pp.56-64
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RANA, EAK, RIK THWAITES, and GARY LUCK. "Trade-offs and synergies between carbon, forest diversity and forest products in Nepal community forests." Environmental Conservation 44, no. 1 (2016): 5–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892916000448.

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SUMMARYReducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation, the sustainable management of forests and the conservation and enhancement of forest carbon stocks in developing countries (‘REDD+’) aims to improve local livelihoods and conserve plant diversity while limiting carbon emissions. Yet trade-offs and synergies that exist between supporting livelihoods, protecting plant diversity and maintaining forest ecosystem services are poorly documented. We used forest inventory data and community-group records to assess trade-offs and synergies between carbon, plant diversity and forest products in 19 community forests managed under REDD+ in Nepal. Trade-offs were prevalent for carbon, whereby community forests with relatively high carbon values had relatively low values for plant diversity or forest products provision, and vice versa. Synergies occurred between plant diversity and forest products provision (fuelwood and fodder), suggesting that forests with relatively high plant diversity values were also important for providing critical forest products to local communities. This study shows that conserving forests for carbon should not impinge greatly on the flow of forest resources to at least some local communities; however, promoting carbon storage will not necessarily protect plant diversity. These findings should help guide future REDD+ policy for community forests.
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Poudel, Narayan Raj, Nobuhiko Fuwa, and Keijiro Otsuka. "The impacts of a community forestry program on forest conditions, management intensity and revenue generation in the Dang district of Nepal." Environment and Development Economics 20, no. 2 (2014): 259–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355770x14000473.

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AbstractA growing literature documents the positive impact of community management on non-timber forest conservation but not on the condition of timber forests, which require higher management intensity than do non-timber forests. Using ground-level data of the age composition of trees and the management activities of timber forests and applying a rigorous econometric technique to deal with the endogeneity of handing over forest use rights to the community, we find that a longer period of community management is associated with a higher density of pole-size trees, indicating that community management facilitates the rehabilitation of timber forests. We also find that population pressure leads to deforestation under state management but encourages forest management under community management.
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KHATRI, DIL, KRISHNA SHRESTHA, HEMANT OJHA, GOVINDA PAUDEL, NAYA PAUDEL, and ADAM PAIN. "Reframing community forest governance for food security in Nepal." Environmental Conservation 44, no. 2 (2016): 174–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892916000369.

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SUMMARYThe growing challenge of food insecurity in the Global South has called for new research on the contribution of forests to food security. However, even progressive forest management institutions such as Nepal's community forestry programme have failed to address this issue. We analyse Nepal's community forestry programme and find that forest policies and local institutional practices have historically evolved to regulate forests either as sources of timber or as a means of biodiversity conservation, disregarding food security outcomes for local people. Disciplinary divisions between forestry and the agriculture sector have limited the prospect of strengthening forest–food security linkages. We conclude that the policy and legislative framework and formal bureaucratic practices are influenced by ‘modern forestry science’, which led to community forestry rules and practices not considering the contribution of forests to food security. Furthermore, forestry science has a particularly narrow focus on timber production and conservation. We argue for the need to recognise the importance of local knowledge and community practices of using forests for food. We propose adaptive and transformational approaches to knowledge generation and the application of such knowledge in order to support institutional change and policy reform and to enable landscape-specific innovations in forest–food linkages.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Community forests Forest management Nepal"

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Uprety, Dharam Raj. "Community forestry, rural livelihoods and conflict : a case study of community forest users' groups in Nepal /." Wien : Guthmann-Peterson, 2007. http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/fy0804/2008366153.html.

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Bhandari, Rajendra Man Singh Sansanee Choowaew. "Applying adaptive community forest management in Nepal : Silviculture demonstration plot perspective : a case study of Nureni Chisapani Community Forest user group, Makwanpur, Central Nepal /." Abstract, 2007. http://mulinet3.li.mahidol.ac.th/thesis/2550/cd398/4837458.pdf.

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Jackson, William James. "The dynamics of lekh forest use in the middle hills of Nepal /." [Richmond, N.S.W.] : Centre for Systemic Development, Faculty of Environmental Management and Agriculture, University of Western Sydney, Hawkesbury, 1999. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20030520.101936/index.html.

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Jackson, William James, of Western Sydney Hawkesbury University, Faculty of Environmental Management and Agriculture, and Centre for Systematic Development. "The dynamics of lekh forest use in the Middle Hills of Nepal." THESIS_FEMA_CSD_Jackson_W.xml, 1999. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/673.

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Extending Nepal's community forestry programme and its protected area network into lekh forests has been hampered by the assumption that people who live in or near lekh forests treat them as unregulated open access resources. This study tests this assumption by examining the interaction between local people and forests in two lekh areas of the central Middle Hills. The research is comprised of an action research approach, a theoretical framework of ecological anthropology that was also informed by forestry science, and tools and methods drawn from ethnographic fieldwork and rapid rural appraisal. The belief that lekh forests are treated as unregulated open access is challenged by demonstrating that there are clearly defined local use rights to lekh forests. Access to forest resources is regulated by forest users and relatively sophisticated and dynamic indigenous systems of forest management have been developed. The potential for implementing community forestry in the two lekh areas was explored by incorporating an element of action research in the study. A number of challenges are highlighted for the Nepal government to facilitate the improved management and conservation of lekh forests while ensuring an equitable flow of benefits to the people who depend on these forests.<br>Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
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Luintel, Harisharan. "Do Forest Commons Contribute to International Environmental Initiatives? A Socio-Ecological Analysis of Nepalese Forest Commons in view of REDD+." PDXScholar, 2016. http://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/3087.

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Forests in developing countries have the potential to contribute to global efforts to mitigate climate change, promote biodiversity and support the livelihoods of rural, local people. Approximately one-fourth of such forests are under the control of local communities, which primarily manage forests for subsistence and to meet their livelihood needs. The trend of bottom-up community control is increasing through the adoption of decentralization reforms over the last 40 years. In contrast, the United Nations has introduced the top-down program, Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+) for the conservation and enhancement of forest carbon and the sustainable management of forest in developing countries. REDD+ incentivizes forest-managing communities to sequester carbon and reduce emissions. REDD+ has created hope for managing forests to mitigate climate change and has created fear that the new initiative may not be effective and may not ensure continuing forest-managing community benefits. However, little research has been conducted to answer these concerns. By taking nationally representative data from Nepalese community-managed forests (“forest commons"), I bring insights into whether and how these forests can contribute to REDD+ initiatives, particularly as they relate to carbon sequestration, biodiversity, equity in benefit sharing and collective action. My results indicated the highly variable carbon and biodiversity in the forest plots across the country, depicting the availability of space for additional growth in carbon storage and biodiversity conservation. My results also reflect the complex and varied relationships of carbon with different indices of biodiversity at the national level, across geographic and topographic regions, and in forests with varying canopy covers. Weak positive relationships between carbon sequestration and biodiversity conservation indicate the possibility of synergies between carbon-forestry and biodiversity conservation. I also found that the formal community forestry program (CFP) has clearly positive impacts on biodiversity conservation and household-level equity in benefit sharing and a negative impact on carbon sequestration at the national level. However, disaggregated results of impacts of CFP on biodiversity, carbon and equity across geography, topography, forest quality and social groups display mixed results i.e., either positive or negative or neutral. I also identified that different drivers of collective action have different (i.e., positive, neutral, and negative) associations with carbon sequestration, which either supports or challenges established knowledge. In aggregate, my research indicates the potential of contribution by forest commons, and specially the CFP, to global environmental initiatives such as REDD+. It suggests that targeted, dedicated policies and programs to increase carbon sequestration, biodiversity conservation and foster equity and collective actions are critical. In addition, my results also contribute to the growing literature on socio-ecological implications of forest commons that demonstrated the need of interdisciplinary research to understand human-nature relationships in the changing context.
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Bhatta, Deen B. "COMMUNITY APPROACHES TO NATURAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT: SACRED AND NON-SACRED LANDSCAPES IN NEPAL." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1056396738.

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Shrestha, Krishna K. "Collective Action and Equity in Nepalese Community Forestry." University of Sydney, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/2476.

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Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)<br>This thesis critically analyses collective action processes and outcomes in Community Forestry through the concept of embeddedness. This research focuses on the questions of when people cooperate, how and why collective action emerges and evolves, and what leads or does not lead to equitable outcomes. The thesis makes a fundamental distinction between equality and equity. The research focuses specifically on the Nepalese experience with Community Forestry (CF), which is regarded as one of the most progressive CF programs being implemented in one of the poorest countries in the world. The thesis adopts an integrated research approach involving multiple actors, scales and methods with a focus on local level CF processes and forest users. This study considers the Forest Users Group (FUG) as a unit for analysis. Field work was conducted in three FUGs from the mid-hill region of Nepal over seven months between August 2001 and February 2002. The field research moves downwards to the household level and upward to the district, national and international level actors. It employs a combination of the process analysis and actor oriented approach and qualitative and quantitative methods to understand how CF is being driven, who is driving it and why CF is advancing in a certain direction. The study shows that the emergence, evolution and outcomes of collective action in CF are complex and varied due to specific and changing socio-cultural, economic, political and ecological contexts. Without understanding the complexities, in which peoples’ motivation and collective action are embedded, we cannot explain the emergence and evolution of collective action in CF. This thesis challenges the rational choice tradition and some key points of Common Property Regimes (CPR) theory and highlights the concept of embeddedness in participatory natural resource management. The thesis highlights the problem of decentralised CF policy and the forest bureaucracy. Decentralisation universally imposes a formal democratic system based on equality without acknowledging unequal societies. In Nepal, there has been little reorganisation of the forest bureaucracy. Despite being an international model for community forestry, in Nepal the existing bureaucracy has been unable or unwilling to transfer knowledge to forest users. The thesis concludes by stating the need to avoid the pitfalls of some democratic principles associated with standardisation and formalism. This means transforming bureaucratic norms and ideology. Context is central for the sustainable and equitable management of natural resources. It must be further researched and applied in decision-making if CF is going to achieve its potential to improve the condition of forests and the welfare of rural people.
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Dhungel, Shashi. "Resource Regeneration and Poverty Reduction: Striking a Balance through a Contemporary Community-Based Forestry Program." Available to subscribers only, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1674101131&sid=4&Fmt=2&clientId=1509&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Thesis (M.S.)--Southern Illinois University Carbondale, 2008.<br>"Department of Forestry." Keywords: Community-based forest management, Conflict, Leasehold forestry and livestock program, Nepal, Resource regeneration, Social capital. Includes bibliographical references (p. 99-108). Also available online.
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伊藤, 香純, and Kasumi ITO. "Community Forestry in Nepal : The Efforts of Aid Projects and Their Involvement with NGOs." 名古屋大学農学部付属演習林, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/8612.

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Poudel, Tirtha Raj Raywadee Roachanakanan. "Relationship between household's economic status and benefit sharing in community forest user group : a case study in Tal Danda community forest user group, Tanahun District of Nepal /." Abstract, 2006. http://mulinet3.li.mahidol.ac.th/thesis/2549/cd386/4737902.pdf.

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Books on the topic "Community forests Forest management Nepal"

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Belbase, Narayan. Potential for conflict: Community forestry and decentralisation legislation in Nepal. ICMOD, 2002.

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Robert, Fisher. Adaptive collaborative management of community forests in Asia: Experiences from Nepal, Indonesia, and the Philippines. Center for International Forestry Research, 2007.

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Hobley, Mary. Community forestry in India and Nepal: Learning from each other. International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development, 1996.

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Uprety, Dharam Raj. Community forestry, rural livelihoods and conflict: A case study of community forest users' groups in Nepal. Guthmann-Peterson, 2007.

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Jordan, Gavin H. Integrating geomatics and participatory techniques for community forest management: Case studies from the Yarsha Khola Watershed, Dolakha district, Nepal. International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development, 1998.

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Conference, International Association for the Study of Common Property. Follow-up study of the community forests in the Central Himalayan region of Nepal: Attributes of forest user groups in management of community forests in the central himalayan region of Nepal : a preliminary analysis of follow-up of community forest case studies in central and western hills of Nepal. Aforda, 2000.

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Forestry), National Workshop on "Community Participatory Forestry Development Experience in the Terai Region of Nepal" (1997 Institute of. Community participatory forestry development experience in the Terai region of Nepal: Proceedings of the national workshop, 8-10 November, 1997. IOF/ITTO Training and Manpower Development in Community Forestry Project, 1997.

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Tribals and community forest management. Rawat Publications, 2013.

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Valkeman, Gerrit. Community forest management training manual. Makalu-Barun Conservation Project, Dept. of National Parks and Wildlife Conservation, His Majesty's Government of Nepal, and the Mountain Institute, USA, 1997.

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Certification of community managed forests. Asia Network for Sustainable Agriculture and Bioresources, 2010.

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Book chapters on the topic "Community forests Forest management Nepal"

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Sapkota, Lok Mani. "Fire Environment and Community-based Forest Fire Management in the Central Siwalik Region of Nepal." In Global Change, Ecosystems, Sustainability: Theory, Methods, Practice. SAGE Publications, Inc., 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9789353280284.n12.

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Poudel, Narayan Raj, Nobuhiko Fuwa, and Keijiro Otsuka. "From Deforestation to Reforestation: The Evolution of Community Forest Management in the Dang District of Nepal." In Land Tenure Reform in Asia and Africa. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137343819_9.

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Chitale, Vishwas Sudhir, Sunil Thapa, Mir A. Matin, Kamala Gurung, Shankar Adhikari, and Rabindra Maharjan. "Climate-Resilient Forest Management in Nepal." In Earth Observation Science and Applications for Risk Reduction and Enhanced Resilience in Hindu Kush Himalaya Region. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-73569-2_7.

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AbstractForests play a vital role in combating climate change and mitigating its effects. In the Hindu Kush Himalaya (HKH), they are an important source of livelihood for the region’s growing population. With forest degradation and deforestation increasing, it has become all the more necessary to have a reliable climate resilient forest management system. At present, lack of precise information on forest degradation and the impacts of climate change on forest ecosystems hinder the conservation, planning and management of forest ecosystems in Nepal. We attempt to tackle this issue in collaboration with Department of Forests and Soil Conservation (DoFSC), Nepal, by providing scientific and reliable data on vulnerability of forests to anthropogenic factors and climate change using geospatial tools and techniques. We introduced a two-way multitier approach in Nepal to support the identification and implementation of adaptation and management strategies with special focus on forest ecosystems. It aims to reduce the vulnerability of forests to climate change and the degradation of forest ecosystems due to anthropogenic drivers. We used multispectral satellite datasets, data on climate trends and projections, and published data on extraction of forest resources in the study area. We then used data mining to quantify the influence of temperature and precipitation on functioning of forests by using MODIS data of net primary productivity, leaf area index, evapotranspiration and climatic trends and projections data. Finally, we overlayed the forest degradation map on forest climate sensitivity map to identify the hotspots of degradation and sensitivity needing immediate attention. These hotspots are defined as “adaptation footprints”, which help decision makers to prioritize their activities within their district. Most of the forest ecosystems in mid-western and far-western Nepal are highly sensitive to observed and predicted impacts of climate change, which need immediate prioritization and management. The products of this study are accessible through a web-based decision support tool, which will help decision makers at district and province level to prioritize the activities of forest management.
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Bender, Svane, and Mesfin Tekle. "Community Action for Biodiversity and Forest Conservation and Adaptation to Climate Change in the Wild Coffee Forests (CAFA)." In Climate Change Management. Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-98681-4_5.

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Wekesa, Chemuku, Leila Ndalilo, and Carolyne Manya. "Reconciling Community Livelihood Needs and Biodiversity Conservation in Taita Hills Forests for Improved Livelihoods and Transformational Management of the Landscape." In Fostering Transformative Change for Sustainability in the Context of Socio-Ecological Production Landscapes and Seascapes (SEPLS). Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-6761-6_2.

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AbstractThe fragmented forests of Taita Hills form an exceptional multi-functional socio-ecological production landscape with outstanding diversity of flora and fauna that provide ecosystem goods and services supporting human wellbeing and livelihood systems. However, these forests are threatened by illegal logging for wood products and encroachment for crop farming. A study was conducted in villages surrounding five forest fragments to establish the conservation programmes responsible for keeping these forests intact for provision of goods and services to the local communities. Semi-structured questionnaires were used to collect data from 250 respondents in 25 villages surrounding the five forest fragments. Twenty-five focus group discussions (FGDs) were held with key informants actively involved in conservation activities. Results showed that the Taita community conserves the forest fragments through management practices that integrate livelihood needs in conservation, such as butterfly farming, bee-keeping and ecotourism. Additionally, community tree nurseries have been established to produce seedlings for restoring degraded areas, and agroforestry belts have been established on the forests’ edges to provide wood products and protect the forests from encroachment. Likewise, village committees have been established to oversee conservation activities inside the village jurisdictional area. The integrated conservation and livelihood approach has reduced forest destruction, enhanced landscape connectivity for biodiversity conservation, increased incomes, enhanced capacity of the community to adapt to climate change, improved food security, enhanced carbon storage, strengthened traditional knowledge and practices, and ensured availability of clean water for the local population.
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Yanda, Pius Z., Edmund B. Mabhuye, Anselm R. Mwajombe, and Namkunda Johnson. "Community livelihoods and ecosystem integrity in makere forest reserve, western Tanzania." In Climate change impacts and sustainability: ecosystems of Tanzania. CABI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789242966.0194.

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Abstract Wealth creation and poverty alleviation processes in the forest-bounded areas entail the use of such forests to a greater extent. Studies elsewhere show that there is often a tendency to use such forests until they are depleted before technology comes in to improve livelihoods. In this chapter, we examine community livelihoods in relation to ecosystem integrity for communities surrounding the Makere Forest Reserve, particularly socio-economic characteristics of communities, their links to forest utilization and implications for ecosystem integrity. We used mixed methods to collect data: (i) a household questionnaire; (ii) focus group discussions; (iii) key informant interviews; and (iv) a literature review, backed up with satellite imagery. Quantitative and qualitative data collected were subjected to statistical and non-statistical tests, respectively, with the use of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) computer software for quantitative data analysis. Livelihood activities in the area include shifting cultivation, livestock keeping, firewood fetching, charcoal making, harvesting timber and illegal logging. The motive for such forest exploitation is both for meeting household needs as well as for wealth accumulation. Forest users take part in such activities regardless of the distance they have to travel from their villages to come to the forest areas. We found education is an integral part of wealth status, but had nothing to do in terms of improving livelihood activities for ecosystem integrity. The absence of livelihood diversification of farm-related activities penetrates into weak forest governance strategies resulting in proliferation of deforestation and forest degradation. To maintain forest integrity, integrated approaches in forest management and alternative livelihood activities are needed such as beekeeping, fishing and modernized livestock keeping. These activities have the potential to increase household food and income and alleviate poverty levels without compromising ecosystem integrity.
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Maag, Bettina. "12. Forests and trees in the world of two Tamang villages in central Nepal: observations with special reference to the role of Tamang women in forest management." In Nature is Culture. Practical Action Publishing, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/9781780445557.012.

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da Silva, Fernanda Ribeiro, and Marco Aurélio Pizo. "Restoration of seed dispersal interactions in communities invaded by non-native plants." In Plant invasions: the role of biotic interactions. CABI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789242171.0391.

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Abstract Restoration aims to rebuild not only species but also the tangled interactions between species that ensure communities perpetuate by themselves. In tropical forests, restoration of seed dispersal interactions is essential because most plant species depend on animals to spread their seeds. A big challenge in restoring such forests is dealing with invasion by non-native species. Non-native plant species may outcompete and eliminate native species from the community, potentially disrupting or arresting the restoration process. Once established, invasive non-native plants are usually incorporated into the local seed dispersal network, potentially causing loss of biodiversity by competition with native species. This chapter reports on a case study of a 25-year old restored forest invaded by several bird-dispersed plant species. We assessed network metrics at the species level to specifically evaluate the role performed by invasive non-native species in the structure of the bird - seed dispersal network. The removal of invasive non-native plants and the re-establishment of native plant communities should be considered for the restoration of habitats invaded by non-native plants. For this reason, we discuss the impacts of removing such non-native plants and explore the consequences for the structure of the overall network. Because restoration areas are open systems, even after the removal of invasive non-native plant species they can return via seed dispersal. So, both the control and management of invasive non-native species would be more effective if planned with a landscape perspective. We also point out relevant management aspects to avoid the negative influence of invasive non-native plants on the seed dispersal interactions occurring between native plant and bird species in restored tropical forests.
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Yelenik, Stephanie G., Carla M. D'Antonio, Evan M. Rehm, and Iain R. Caldwell. "Multiple feedbacks due to biotic interactions across trophic levels can lead to persistent novel conditions that hinder restoration." In Plant invasions: the role of biotic interactions. CABI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789242171.0402.

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Abstract Unlike traditional successional theory, Alternate Stable Equilibrium (ASE) theory posits that more than one community state is possible in a single environment, depending on the order that species arrive. ASE theory is often invoked in management situations where initial stressors have been removed, but native-dominated communities are not returning to degraded areas. Fundamental to this theory is the assumption that equilibria are maintained by positive feedbacks between colonizers and their environment. While ASE has been relatively well studied in aquatic ecosystems, more complex terrestrial systems offer multiple challenges, including species interactions across trophic levels that can lead to multiple feedbacks. Here, we discuss ASE theory as it applies to terrestrial, invaded ecosystems, and detail a case study from Hawai'i that exemplifies how species interactions can favour the persistence of invaders, and how an understanding of interactions and feedbacks can be used to guide management. Our system includes intact native-dominated mesic forest and areas cleared for pasture, planted with non-native grasses, and later planted with a monoculture of a native nitrogen-fixing tree in an effort to restore forests. We discuss interactions between birds, understorey fruiting native species, understorey non-native grasses, soils and bryophytes in separate feedback mechanisms, and explain our efforts to identify which of these feedbacks is most important to address in a management context. Finally, we suggest that using models can help overcome some of the challenges that terrestrial ecosystems pose when studying ASE.
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Shrestha, Him Lal. "Geospatial Solutions for Forest Management." In Practice, Progress, and Proficiency in Sustainability. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-0014-9.ch014.

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Nepal is experiencing forest degradation and deforestation due to diverse drivers which are more geographically distributed and having impact at different levels. Those causes and their spatial distribution can be assessed using geospatial approach through GIS, Remote Sensing, and GPS technologies. This approach involves mainly spatial analysis of the resources and their causal factors. Nepal has also implemented several successful forest conservation programs such as Community Forest Development Program, perceived as the most successful program at government initiation. The forest degradation and restoration both can be assessed using GIS technologies. Nepal has already experienced adoption of such technologies to develop the dataset and monitor the forest resource in terms of land use land cover and, forest cover change over the period as a part of National Forest Inventory.
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Conference papers on the topic "Community forests Forest management Nepal"

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J. DIAZ-MAROTO, Ignacio, and Pablo VILA-LAMEIRO. "PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT OF DECIDUOUS HARDWOODS STANDS IN NORTH-WESTERN SPAIN: A BASIS FOR SUSTAINABLE RURAL DEVELOPMENT." In Rural Development 2015. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2015.074.

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The climax vegetation that currently covers the north-western Spain is the deciduous hardwoods forests characterized by different oak species. Galician oaks present a wide-ranging range of ages and qualities, as a result of the different uses and status of conservation. Many of these forests were intensively exploited, and in many cases inappropriate management practices have been applied. However, today these forests comprise a habitat of interest to the European Community and should be conserved, remain basic, in many areas to implement sustainable rural development. Common oak forests (Quercus robur L.) occupy an area of 246,445 ha in Galicia, 18 % of the total forest area. The current location of a lot of oak stands in steep zones indicates that they have remained in such areas from immemorial times because it was not possible the harvesting and these stands are now very important in ecological and landscape terms. The best sites for Quercus robur correspond to zones where the climatic characteristics combine optimally higher minimum temperature, lower thermal amplitude and higher precipitation. Known the present silvicultural status of these forests, alternative methods must be proposed for its management, which will range from a conversion to high forest to recovery of the most deteriorated stands by reforestation.
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Reports on the topic "Community forests Forest management Nepal"

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Brandt, Leslie A., Cait Rottler, Wendy S. Gordon, et al. Vulnerability of Austin’s urban forest and natural areas: A report from the Urban Forestry Climate Change Response Framework. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Northern Forests Climate Hub, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2020.7204069.ch.

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The trees, developed green spaces, and natural areas within the City of Austin’s 400,882 acres will face direct and indirect impacts from a changing climate over the 21st century. This assessment evaluates the vulnerability of urban trees and natural and developed landscapes within the City Austin to a range of future climates. We synthesized and summarized information on the contemporary landscape, provided information on past climate trends, and illustrated a range of projected future climates. We used this information to inform models of habitat suitability for trees native to the area. Projected shifts in plant hardiness and heat zones were used to understand how less common native species, nonnative species, and cultivars may tolerate future conditions. We also assessed the adaptability of planted and naturally occurring trees to stressors that may not be accounted for in habitat suitability models such as drought, flooding, wind damage, and air pollution. The summary of the contemporary landscape identifies major stressors currently threatening trees and forests in Austin. Major current threats to the region’s urban forest include invasive species, pests and disease, and development. Austin has been warming at a rate of about 0.4°F per decade since measurements began in 1938 and temperature is expected to increase by 5 to 10°F by the end of this century compared to the most recent 30-year average. Both increases in heavy rain events and severe droughts are projected for the future, and the overall balance of precipitation and temperature may shift Austin’s climate to be more similar to the arid Southwest. Species distribution modeling of native trees suggests that suitable habitat may decrease for 14 primarily northern species, and increase for four more southern species. An analysis of tree species vulnerability that combines model projections, shifts in hardiness and heat zones, and adaptive capacity showed that only 3% of the trees estimated to be present in Austin based on the most recent Urban FIA estimate were considered to have low vulnerability in developed areas. Using a panel of local experts, we also assessed the vulnerability of developed and natural areas. All areas were rated as having moderate to moderate-high vulnerability, but the underlying factors driving that vulnerability differed by natural community and between East and West Austin. These projected changes in climate and their associated impacts and vulnerabilities will have important implications for urban forest management, including the planting and maintenance of street and park trees, management of natural areas, and long-term planning.
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