Relevant bibliographies by topics / Community health services – Malawi

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Academic literature on the topic 'Community health services – Malawi'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Community health services – Malawi"

1

Paliani, Grace. "2. Communication and community services: Malawi Red Cross Society: Communication to promote community services." International Review of the Red Cross 30, no. 276 (June 1990): 216–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020860400075562.

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The topic “Communication to promote community services” sounds simple, but it is vital because it points to the contribution that any health-oriented institution should make towards the general success of its undertakings.On closer examination it will be seen that one basic communication task, which, however, involves a number of sub-tasks all geared towards achieving the same objectives, is the promotion of community services through publicity.
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Angwenyi, Vibian, Carolien Aantjes, Ketwin Kondowe, Joseph Zulu Mutchiyeni, Murphy Kajumi, Bart Criel, Jeffrey V. Lazarus, Tim Quinlan, and Joske Bunders-Aelen. "Moving to a strong(er) community health system: analysing the role of community health volunteers in the new national community health strategy in Malawi." BMJ Global Health 3, Suppl 3 (November 2018): e000996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2018-000996.

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Since the Alma Ata Declaration in 1978, community health volunteers (CHVs) have been at the forefront, providing health services, especially to underserved communities, in low-income countries. However, consolidation of CHVs position within formal health systems has proved to be complex and continues to challenge countries, as they devise strategies to strengthen primary healthcare. Malawi’s community health strategy, launched in 2017, is a novel attempt to harmonise the multiple health service structures at the community level and strengthen service delivery through a team-based approach. The core community health team (CHT) consists of health surveillance assistants (HSAs), clinicians, environmental health officers and CHVs. This paper reviews Malawi’s strategy, with particular focus on the interface between HSAs, volunteers in community-based programmes and the community health team. Our analysis identified key challenges that may impede the strategy’s implementation: (1) inadequate training, imbalance of skill sets within CHTs and unclear job descriptions for CHVs; (2) proposed community-level interventions require expansion of pre-existing roles for most CHT members; and (3) district authorities may face challenges meeting financial obligations and filling community-level positions. For effective implementation, attention and further deliberation is needed on the appropriate forms of CHV support, CHT composition with possibilities of co-opting trained CHVs from existing volunteer programmes into CHTs, review of CHT competencies and workload, strengthening coordination and communication across all community actors, and financing mechanisms. Policy support through the development of an addendum to the strategy, outlining opportunities for task-shifting between CHT members, CHVs’ expected duties and interactions with paid CHT personnel is recommended.
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Cooper, Chelsea M., Jacqueline Wille, Steven Shire, Sheila Makoko, Asnakew Tsega, Anne Schuster, Hannah Hausi, Hannah Gibson, and Hannah Tappis. "Integrated Family Planning and Immunization Service Delivery at Health Facility and Community Sites in Dowa and Ntchisi Districts of Malawi: A Mixed Methods Process Evaluation." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 12 (June 24, 2020): 4530. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17124530.

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The Government of Malawi’s Health Sector Strategic Plan II highlights the importance of service integration; however, in practice, this has not been fully realized. We conducted a mixed methods evaluation of efforts to systematically implement integrated family planning and immunization services in all health facilities and associated community sites in Ntchisi and Dowa districts during June 2016–September 2017. Methods included secondary analysis of service statistics (pre- and postintervention), focus group discussions with mothers and fathers of children under age one, and in-depth interviews with service providers, supervisors, and managers. Results indicate statistically significant increases in family planning users and shifts in use of family planning services from health facilities to community sites. The intervention had no effect on immunization doses administered or dropout rates. According to mothers and fathers, benefits of service integration included time savings, convenience, and improved understanding of services. Provision and use of integrated services were affected by availability of human resources and commodities, community linkages, data collection procedures and availability, sociocultural barriers, organization of services, and supervision and commitment of health surveillance assistants. The integration approach was perceived to be feasible and beneficial by clients and providers.
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Batura, Rekha, and Tim Colbourn. "A stitch in time: narrative review of interventions to reduce preterm births in Malawi." International Health 12, no. 3 (December 23, 2019): 213–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/inthealth/ihz101.

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Abstract Background The rising rate of preterm births (PTBs) is a global concern, and Malawi has a high rate of PTBs (10.5%). The resulting neonatal and under-5 mortality, morbidity and lifelong disability represent a significant loss of human potential affecting individuals, families and society as a whole. This study aims to review the literature to determine the risk factors for PTB in Malawi and to identify effective interventions to prevent PTBs. Methods A literature search yielded 22 studies that were categorized according to risk factors implicated for PTBs and health interventions to reduce the risks. Results The study has shown that maternal pregnancy factors, infections, nutrition, anaemia and young maternal age are the main causes and risk factors of PTBs in Malawi. The literature revealed no evidence of community-based interventions for reducing the rates of PTBs in Malawi. Conclusions Any successful effort to reduce the rate of PTBs will require a multisector, multilevel strategy targeted at the community, homes and individuals as a package to improve the education, nutrition and reproductive health of girls and women as well as focus on improving the delivery of antenatal services in the community.
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5

Chinguwo, Felix, and Alinane Linda Nyondo-Mipando. "Integration of Early Infant Diagnosis of HIV Services Into Village Health Clinics in Ntcheu, Malawi: An Exploratory Qualitative Study." Journal of the International Association of Providers of AIDS Care (JIAPAC) 20 (January 1, 2021): 232595822098125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325958220981256.

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Integration of Early Infant Diagnosis(EID) of HIV into Village Health Clinics (VHCs) would increase the uptake of services. This study assessed mothers and health care workers’ acceptability of integration of EID of HIV services into VHCs in Ntcheu, Malawi. We conducted an exploratory qualitative study in the phenomenological tradition among 20 mothers of either HIV exposed or non-exposed infants and 18 health care workers (HCWs) from February to July 2019. We analyzed the data using a thematic approach and guided by the theoretical framework for acceptability. There were positive perceptions of the integration of services. Acceptability is influenced by attitudes, perceived burden, intervention coherent services, and perceived effectiveness of services. The successful integration of EID of HIV into VHCs requires strengthening of the health system and community awareness. Efforts to mitigate stigma should be prioritized when integrating the services to optimize uptake of the services at a community level.
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Kachimanga, C., C. Malindi, G. Limbe, E. B. Wroe, H. Makungwa, I. Musisi, E. Dunbar, J. Ng’ambi, L. Nazimera, and J. Drake. "Using Community Health (CHWs) to increase access to maternal health services–preliminary findings from Neno, Malawi." Annals of Global Health 82, no. 3 (August 20, 2016): 392. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aogh.2016.04.641.

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7

Talama, George C., Mairead Shaw, Jordan Maloya, Tafwirapo Chihana, Lawrence Nazimera, Emily B. Wroe, and Chiyembekezo Kachimanga. "Improving uptake of cervical cancer screening services for women living with HIV and attending chronic care services in rural Malawi." BMJ Open Quality 9, no. 3 (September 2020): e000892. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjoq-2019-000892.

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Malawi has the second highest age-standardised incidence rate and the highest mortality rate of cervical cancer in the world. Though the prevalence of HIV is currently 11.7% for Malawian women of reproductive age, cervical cancer screening rates remain low. To address this issue, we integrated cervical cancer screening into a dual HIV and non-communicable disease clinic at a rural district hospital in Neno, Malawi. The project was implemented between January 2017 and March 2018 using the Plan-Do-Study-Act model of quality improvement (QI). At baseline (January to December 2016), only 13 women living with HIV were screened for cervical cancer. One year after implementation of the QI project, 73% (n=547) of women aged 25 to 49 years living with HIV enrolled in HIV care were screened for cervical cancer, with 85.3% of these receiving the screening test for the first time. The number of women living with HIV accessing cervical cancer services increased almost 10 times (from four per month to 39 per month, p<0.001). Key enablers in our QI process included: strong mentorship, regular provision of cervical cancer health talks throughout the hospital, nationally accredited cervical cancer prevention training for all providers, consistent community engagement, continuous monitoring and evaluation, and direct provision of resources to strengthen gaps in the public system. This practical experience integrating cervical cancer screening into routine HIV care may provide valuable lessons for scale-up in rural Malawi.
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Chimbatata, Nathan B. W., and Chikondi M. Chimbatata. "Impact Evaluation Design for Community Midwife Technicians in Malawi." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 12, no. 27 (September 30, 2016): 349. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2016.v12n27p349.

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Maternal Mortality Ratio and neonatal mortality rate are alarmingly high in Malawi. The shortage and poor retention of midwives coupled with poor working conditions have been a major challenge affecting the provision of high-quality maternity care for women. Many women are giving birth without skilled attendants, increasing the risk of maternal and neonatal illness and death. The major driving factor in the shortage of health staff is the limited number of existing training slots and hence the minimum output from the training institutions into service delivery units. Midwifery is a key component of sexual, reproductive, maternal, and newborn healthcare. Responding to the crisis, the Malawi Government has made a commitment in strengthening human resources for health, including accelerating training and recruitment of health professionals to fill all the shortage gaps in the health sector. One mechanism implemented by Malawi Government to increase skilled attendance at birth in rural areas is the introduction of Community midwifery assistants (CMA) training. This program of training community midwives is being piloted and targets the general population of pregnant women and their new born babies in rural areas where the CMAs are deployed. However, there is a great need to have this initiative evaluated and gauge its impact in attaining the desired outcomes.
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Besada, Donela, Ameena Goga, Emmanuelle Daviaud, Sarah Rohde, Jacqueline Rose Chinkonde, Susie Villeneuve, Guy Clarysse, et al. "Roles played by community cadres to support retention in PMTCT Option B+ in four African countries: a qualitative rapid appraisal." BMJ Open 8, no. 3 (March 2018): e020754. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-020754.

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ObjectivesTo explore the roles of community cadres in improving access to and retention in care for PMTCT (prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV) services in the context of PMTCT Option B+ treatment scale-up in high burden low-income and lower-middle income countries.Design/MethodsQualitative rapid appraisal study design using semistructured in-depth interviews and focus group discussions (FGDs) between 8 June and 31 July 2015.Setting and participantsInterviews were conducted in the offices of Ministry of Health Staff, Implementing partners, district offices and health facility sites across four low-income and lower-middle income countries: Cote D’Ivoire, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Malawi and Uganda. A range of individual interviews and FGDs with key stakeholders including Ministry of Health employees, Implementation partners, district management teams, facility-based health workers and community cadres. A total number of 18, 28, 31 and 83 individual interviews were conducted in Malawi, Cote d’Ivoire, DRC and Uganda, respectively. A total number of 15, 9, 10 and 16 mixed gender FGDs were undertaken in Malawi, Cote d’Ivoire, DRC and Uganda, respectively.ResultsCommunity cadres either operated solely in the community, worked from health centres or in combination and their mandates were PMTCT-specific or included general HIV support and other health issues. Community cadres included volunteers, those supported by implementing partners or employed directly by the Ministry of Health. Their complimentary roles along the continuum of HIV care and treatment include demand creation, household mapping of pregnant and lactating women, linkage to care, infant follow-up and adherence and retention support.ConclusionsCommunity cadres provide an integral link between communities and health facilities, supporting overstretched health workers in HIV client support and follow-up. However, their role in health systems is neither standardised nor systematic and there is an urgent need to invest in the standardisation of and support to community cadres to maximise potential health impacts.
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Wroe, Emily B., Elizabeth L. Dunbar, Noel Kalanga, Luckson Dullie, Chiyembekezo Kachimanga, Andrew Mganga, Michael Herce, et al. "Delivering comprehensive HIV services across the HIV care continuum: a comparative analysis of survival and progress towards 90-90-90 in rural Malawi." BMJ Global Health 3, no. 1 (January 2018): e000552. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2017-000552.

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IntroductionPartners In Health and the Malawi Ministry of Health collaborate on comprehensive HIV services in Neno, Malawi, featuring community health workers, interventions addressing social determinants of health and health systems strengthening. We conducted an observational study to describe the HIV care continuum in Neno and to compare facility-level HIV outcomes against health facilities nationally.MethodsWe compared facility-level outcomes in Neno (n=13) with all other districts (n=682) from 2013 to 2015 using mixed-effects linear regression modelling. We selected four outcomes that are practically useful and roughly mapped on to the 90-90-90 targets: facility-based HIV screenings relative to population, new antiretroviral therapy (ART)enrolments relative to population, 1-year survival rates and per cent retained in care at 1 year.ResultsIn 2013, the average number of HIV tests performed, as a per cent of the adult population, was 11.75%, while the average newly enrolled patients was 10.03%. Percent receiving testing increased by 4.23% over 3 years (P<0.001, 95% CI 2.98% to 5.49%), while percent enrolled did not change (P=0.28). These results did not differ between Neno and other districts (P=0.52), despite Neno having a higher proportion of expected patients enrolled. In 2013, the average ART 1-year survival was 80.41% nationally and 91.51% in Neno, which is 11.10% higher (P=0.002, 95% CI 4.13% to 18.07%). One-year survival declined by 1.75% from 2013 to 2015 (P<0.001, 95% CI −2.61% to −0.89%); this was similar in Neno (P=0.83). Facility-level 1-year retention was 85.43% nationally in 2013 (P<0.001, 95% CI 84.2% to 86.62%) and 12.07% higher at 97.50% in Neno (P=0.001, 95% CI 5.08% to19.05%). Retention declined by 2.92% (P<0.001, 95% CI −3.69% to −2.14%) between 2013 and 2015, both nationally and in Neno.ConclusionThe Neno HIV programme demonstrated significantly higher survival and retention rates compared with all other districts in Malawi. Incorporating community health workers, strengthening health systems and addressing social determinants of health within the HIV programme may help Malawi and other countries accelerate progress towards 90-90-90.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Community health services – Malawi"

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Uta, Joseph J. "Health communication to rural populations in developing countries : with special reference to Malawi." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1993. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/13774.

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The findings of KAP studies and health reports indicate that in spite of continuing efforts by developing countries like Malawi, to raise health awareness among their peoples, the majority of the people remain inadequately informed and are generally found to lack basic knowledge about most prevalent diseases. As a result most people are unable to participate fully in primary health care activities. Two parallel surveys were carried out: (i) on activities of providers of information; and (ii) on information-seeking behaviour of a sample of the public. A health knowledge test was conducted to a sample of the public in order to assess their levels of Aids and bilharzia awareness. On matching the findings from the two surveys the following deficiencies were identified. The major cause of problems was that information provision was fragmented. Conflicting messages were given by different agencies which appeared to compete with each other. Distribution and access to the available information was also found to cause problems. Lack of research-based knowledge among health information providers about information needs and information-seeking behaviour of the people they are planning services for compounds the problems of information provision. Potential solutions include coordinating all activities of health communication from top-to-bottom (i.e. from planning to implementation at the community level). Efforts towards strengthening extension services, consolidating and repackaging of information, and consolidating of health grey literature are argued to be appropriate. Promoting use and marketing of the available information among the rural populations is also argued to be appropriate.
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Chilma, Dorothy Madalo. "Nutritional status and functional ability of older people in rural Malawi." Thesis, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (University of London), 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.312510.

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Bula, Agatha Kapatuka. "Influences of HIV on exclusive breastfeeding : an exploration of community-based peer support in rural Malawi." Thesis, City University London, 2015. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/14679/.

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Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) for 6 months is recommended as the most cost-effective public health intervention to improve child survival particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa and is central to achieving Millennium Development Goal number 4 for child health. However, despite the benefits of EBF to infants and mothers, the rates continue to decrease as the age of the infant increases in an African cultural context including Malawi. There is increasing literature on the effectiveness of community-based peer counselling on EBF promotion in resource-poor settings but its effectiveness in the context of HIV and experiences of HIV positive women with the intervention remains a gap. The purpose of this thesis was to explore determinants of EBF using MaiMwana infant feeding peer-counselling intervention conducted in Mchinji, Malawi as a case study. Specifically, in this study I explored the effectiveness of the intervention to help HIV positive women to overcome the barriers and examine people’s experiences and perceptions towards the intervention with respect to HIV and poverty. I adopted qualitative in-depth interviews with 39 informants, including breastfeeding mothers, peer counsellors and key informants who were purposely selected. The data was analysed using a framework approach. I found that despite having good knowledge, women from rural communities face considerable challenges while practicing EBF. Cultural beliefs, economic constraints, lack of power and support, and fear of transmitting the virus to their infants were cited as major barriers that prevented them from practicing EBF. Overall, the findings from this study suggest that peer counsellors are well accepted by service-users and other community members as they positively viewed their frequent visits as providing additional support, reinforcing infant feeding messages and provide psychological support to women resulting in improved EBF rates. Furthermore, the presence of peer counsellors was viewed as “bringing services at their door step” which reduced time and cost to travel to the health facility. Nevertheless, the findings suggest that voluntary work in resource-poor settings presents considerable challenges such as: poor motivation due to lack of incentives, overworking, lack of knowledge and time to handle HIV positive cases and poor supervision. In order to effectively promote EBF in resource-poor settings, public health programme designers and implementers need to consider these barriers so as to design community-based interventions that suit the local context and create an enabling environment.
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Kachimanga, Chiyembekezo. "Improving utilisation of maternal health related services: the impact of a community health worker pilot programme in Neno Malawi." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/29196.

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Malawi has one of the highest maternal mortality ratio (MMR) in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Despite investments in family planning and emergency obstetric care (EmOC), Malawi’s Millennium Development Goal (MDG) target of reducing maternal deaths to 155 deaths per 100,000 live births was not met by the end of 2015. Between 2010 and 2015, Malawi was only able to reduce the MMR from 675 to 439 per 100,000 live births. Inadequate utilisation of perinatal services is the contributing factor to the MMR target not being achieved. One approach for improving the utilisation of perinatal services is to invest in community health workers (CHWs). CHWs can be trained to: identify women of child bearing age (WCBA) who need perinatal services; provide community education; encourage timely referral of clients to the nearest health facility; and undertake community follow up for WCBA who are pregnant and/or have recently given birth. We evaluated changes in utilisation of antenatal care (ANC), facility based births, and postnatal care (PNC) after CHW deployment to conduct monthly home visits to WCBA for pregnancy identification and escorting women to ANC, labour and facility birth and PNC clinics in Neno district, Malawi. The CHW programme was implemented in two catchment areas from March 2015 to June 2016. Methodology: We employed a retrospective quasi-experimental study design to evaluate the impact of CHWs on changes in the utilisation of ANC, facility based births, and PNC in Neno district, Malawi between March 2014 and June 2016 (pre-intervention period: March 2014 to February 2015, and post-intervention period: March 2015 to June 2016). Monthly outcomes were compared between a combined CHW intervention area and its synthetic control area using the synthetic control method. The synthetic control area (or synthetic counterfactual of the CHW) 14 was the control area that was created from multiple available control sites where the CHW programme was not implemented to allow the comparison of outcomes between the sites where CHWs were implemented and the sites where CHWs was not implemented. Two hundred and eleven CHWs (128 existing CHWs plus 83 new CHWs from the community) were trained in maternal health and deployed to cover an estimated 5,132 WCBA living in a catchment area of about 20,530 people. The primary focus of the CHWs was to conduct monthly household visits to identify pregnant women, and then escort pregnant women to their initial and subsequent ANC appointments, facility births, and to PNC check-ups. As part of package of care, community mobilisation and improvements in services to achieve a minimum package of services at the local health centres were also added. Using the synthetic control method, as developed by Abadie and Gardeazabal (2003) and Abadie, Diamond and Hainmueller (2010) and a Bayesian approach of synthetic control developed by Brodersen (2015), a synthetic counterfactual of the CHW intervention was created based on six available public control facilities. The synthetic counterfactual trend was created to have similar pre-intervention characteristics as the CHW intervention trend. The impact of the CHW intervention was the difference between the CHW intervention site and its synthetic counterfactual Results: CHWs in the intervention areas visited an average of 3,147 (range 3,036 – 3,218) of WCBA monthly, covering 61.0% of WCBA. During these visit 3.6% (97 women per month) of WCBA were suspected to be pregnant every month. Of those women suspected to be pregnant, 67.8% (66 women per month) were escorted to health facilities immediately every month. CHWs 15 visited an average of 254 pregnant women enrolled in ANC and 64 women in postpartum period monthly. ANC and facility births utilisation in the CHW intervention site increased in comparison to the control site. Firstly, the number of new pregnant women enrolled in ANC per month increased by 18.0 % (95% Credible Interval (CrI) 8.0%, 28.0%), from 83 to 98 per pregnant women. Secondly, the proportion of women starting ANC in first trimester increased by 200.0% (95% CrI 162.0%, 234.0%), from 9.5% to 29.0% per month. Thirdly, the number of women attending four or more ANC visits increased by 37.0% (95% CrI 31.0%, 43.0%), from to 28.0% to 39.0%. Lastly, the number of facility births increases by 20% (CrI 13.0%, 28.0%), from 85 women to 102 per month. However, there was no net difference on PNC visits between the CHW intervention site and its counterfactual unit (-37.0%, 95% CrI -224.0%, 170.0%). Conclusions: CHW intervention significantly increased the utilisation of ANC and facility based births in Neno, Malawi. However, CHWs had no net difference on PNC utilisation.
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Kachimanga, Chiyembekezo. "Improving utilization of maternal health related services: the impact of a community health worker pilot programme in Neno Malawi." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/29240.

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Introduction: Malawi has one of the highest maternal mortality ratio (MMR) in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Despite investments in family planning and emergency obstetric care (EmOC), Malawi’s Millennium Development Goal (MDG) target of reducing maternal deaths to 155 deaths per 100,000 live births was not met by the end of 2015. Between 2010 and 2015, Malawi was only able to reduce the MMR from 675 to 439 per 100,000 live births. Inadequate utilisation of perinatal services is the contributing factor to the MMR target not being achieved. One approach for improving the utilisation of perinatal services is to invest in community health workers (CHWs). CHWs can be trained to: identify women of child bearing age (WCBA) who need perinatal services; provide community education; encourage timely referral of clients to the nearest health facility; and undertake community follow up for WCBA who are pregnant and/or have recently given birth. We evaluated changes in utilisation of antenatal care (ANC), facility based births, and postnatal care (PNC) after CHW deployment to conduct monthly home visits to WCBA for pregnancy identification and escorting women to ANC, labour and facility birth and PNC clinics in Neno district, Malawi. The CHW programme was implemented in two catchment areas from March 2015 to June 2016. Methodology: We employed a retrospective quasi-experimental study design to evaluate the impact of CHWs on changes in the utilisation of ANC, facility based births, and PNC in Neno district, Malawi between March 2014 and June 2016 (pre-intervention period: March 2014 to February 2015, and post- intervention period: March 2015 to June 2016). Monthly outcomes were compared between a combined CHW intervention area and its synthetic control area using the synthetic control method. The synthetic control area (or synthetic counterfactual of the CHW) was the control area that was created from multiple available control sites where the CHW programme was not implemented to allow the comparison of outcomes between the sites where CHWs were implemented and the sites where CHWs was not implemented. Two hundred and eleven CHWs (128 existing CHWs plus 83 new CHWs from the community) were trained in maternal health and deployed to cover an estimated 5,132 WCBA living in a catchment area of about 20,530 people. The primary focus of the CHWs was to conduct monthly household visits to identify pregnant women, and then escort pregnant women to their initial and subsequent ANC appointments, facility births, and to PNC check-ups. As part of package of care, community mobilisation and improvements in services to achieve a minimum package of services at the local health centres were also added. Using the synthetic control method, as developed by Abadie and Gardeazabal (2003) and Abadie, Diamond and Hainmueller (2010) and a Bayesian approach of synthetic control developed by Brodersen (2015), a synthetic counterfactual of the CHW intervention was created based on six available public control facilities. The synthetic counterfactual trend was created to have similar preintervention characteristics as the CHW intervention trend. The impact of the CHW intervention was the difference between the CHW intervention site and its synthetic counterfactual Results: CHWs in the intervention areas visited an average of 3,147 (range 3,036 – 3,218) of WCBA monthly, covering 61.0% of WCBA. During these visit 3.6% (97 women per month) of WCBA were suspected to be pregnant every month. Of those women suspected to be pregnant, 67.8% (66 women per month) were escorted to health facilities immediately every month. CHWs visited an average of 254 pregnant women enrolled in ANC and 64 women in postpartum period monthly. ANC and facility births utilisation in the CHW intervention site increased in comparison to the control site. Firstly, the number of new pregnant women enrolled in ANC per month increased by 18.0 % (95% Credible Interval (CrI) 8.0%, 28.0%), from 83 to 98 per pregnant women. Secondly, the proportion of women starting ANC in first trimester increased by 200.0% (95% CrI 162.0%, 234.0%), from 9.5% to 29.0% per month. Thirdly, the number of women attending four or more ANC visits increased by 37.0% (95% CrI 31.0%, 43.0%), from to 28.0% to 39.0%. Lastly, the number of facility births increases by 20% (CrI 13.0%, 28.0%), from 85 women to 102 per month. However, there was no net difference on PNC visits between the CHW intervention site and its counterfactual unit (-37.0%, 95% CrI -224.0%, 170.0%). Conclusions: CHW intervention significantly increased the utilisation of ANC and facility based births in Neno, Malawi. However, CHWs had no net difference on PNC utilisation.
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Munthali, Spy Mbiriyawaka. "An institutional analysis of community and home based care and support for HIV/AIDS sufferers in rural households in Malawi." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002719.

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Standard economic models often emphasize inputs, outputs and an examination of the structures in order to conduct an economic performance evaluation. This study applies the Institutional and Development Framework (IAD) in the broader context of New Institutional Economics (NIE) in order to examine the transaction costs of delivering Community and Home Based Care and Support (CHBC) to HIV/AIDS sufferers. For purposes of unveiling the empirical reality guiding decision making processes in the CHBC service delivery, comparative qualitative research techniques of normative variable and concept formation have been adopted to draw out the relative institutional influences from the HIV/AIDS national response partnerships. The study identifies the conflict between the predominantly standardized and more rigid formal management techniques adopted by key members of the national response and the informal cultural techniques familiar to the rural communities, and a lack of motivational incentives in the CHBC structures as the key factors against CHBC capacities to draw external funding for service delivery. CHBCs are also weakened by incoherent governance structures at the district level for facilitation of funding and information flow exacerbating the community vulnerability. Rationalization of the institutional arrangements and a clarification of roles from district to community levels, a shift of focus to facilitation of informal techniques and an integration of performance enhancing incentives are the critical policy insights envisaged to spur CHBCs to work better.
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Chowawa, Rosemary Shanice. "An evaluation of the implementation of capacity building strategies in the provision of health services in the central region of Malawi." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1007122.

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The purpose of the study was to evaluate the impact of implementing capacity building strategies on the provision of health services in the central region of Malawi. The study intended to determine why a lack of quality services is still prevailing in the health services in the central region despite implementing capacity building strategies aimed at improving the delivery of health services. In addition to this, to come up with recommendations to improve the implementation of the existing capacity building strategies so that the implementation results in the intended impact, that is efficient and effective provision of health services in the central region of Malawi. The studies reviewed what various scholars have written on capacity building in order to ground capacity building in Public Administration and provide the study with a conceptual, theoretical and legislative framework. This enabled the researcher to describe the nature and place of capacity building in Public Administration. It was evident from the review that the implementation of capacity building strategies is a systematic process which requires that chief officials follow all the steps in order to effectively and efficiently implement the capacity building strategies so that the intended impact is achieved. In this regard, capacity building is a management function which requires that chief officials play an enabling role by providing the necessary resources (both human and financial) and policies that support the implementation of capacity building strategies. The study used both quantitative and qualitative research methods whereby thirty-five respondents composed of political office-bearers and chief officials from Lilongwe, Dedza, Mchinji and Dowa districts and Ministry of Health Headquarters in the central region of Malawi were given self-administered questionnaires to complete. Face-to-face interviews and document analysis were also used as research methods. The intention was to determine the problems that are being experienced in the implementation of the existing capacity building strategies and find out if the strategies are resulting in the intended impact. The study findings confirmed that there are indeed problems being experienced in the implementation of the existing capacity building strategies, namely: inadequate human and financial resources, corruption, political interference, lack of consultation with stakeholders and lack of political will to make sure that the implementation of the capacity building strategies is effectively and efficiently done. It was also revealed that the implementation of the existing capacity building strategies is impacting negatively on the provision of health services in the central region of Malawi, hence indicating a need to change in approach. The study concludes that in order for the capacity building strategies to achieve the intended impact there is a need to broaden the scope of the legal framework on health capacity building strategies in Malawi, enforce the use of performance standards and improve the operational framework to gain efficiencies and effectiveness from current investments in capacity building.
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Moncada, Martha Azuncena González. "Interventions for malaria control in Nicaragua : a cost-effectiveness analysis." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.250202.

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Källander, Karin. "Case management of childhood fevers in the community : exploring malaria and pneumonia care in Uganda /." Stockholm, 2006. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2006/91-7140-557-7/.

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Kello, Abdulhamid Bedri. "Effect of malaria on peasant production : a case study of two Ethiopian villages." Thesis, Keele University, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.304531.

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Books on the topic "Community health services – Malawi"

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Nordin, Stacia. Organizations working with AIDS in Malawi. Lilongwe, Malawi, Africa: US Peace Corps, Malawi, 2001.

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Kornfield, Ruth. Quality of family planning community-based distribution services in Malawi. [Lilongwe?]: Support to AIDS and Family Health Project, 1996.

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Mvula, Peter. Community health volunteers in Malawi: Factors contributing to the retention and attrition. [Zomba, Malawi]: University of Malawi, Centre for Social Research, 1996.

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Weyers-Faraj, Hildegard. Evaluation of the performance of CBDs and CMMS in the districts of Zomba and Machinga formerly trained by DHS Machinga and Zomba/Malawi (May-August 2003). Liwonde, Malawi: German Technical Cooperation District Health Services Machinga and Zomba, 2003.

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D, Benjamin Puertas. Tras las huellas de Africa: Experiencias de un médico ecuatoriano en Malawi y Mozambique. Quito: Centro Cultural Afroecuatoriano, 1995.

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Malaria prevention through a community approach. [Nairobi: s.n.], 2010.

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Munthali, Alister C. Adolescent sexual and reproductive health: A synthesis report for Malawi : a report. [Zomba, Malawi]: University of Malawi, Centre for Social Research, 2003.

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Malária e migração no Amapá: Projeção espacial num contexto de crescimento populacional. Belém: Universidade Federal do Pará, Núcleo de Altos Estudos Amazônicos, 2007.

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Early-stage Alzheimer's care: A guide for community-based programs. New York: Springer Pub. Co., 1994.

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West Midlands Regional Health Authority. Community health services. [West Midlands]: West Midlands Regional Health Authority, 1993.

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Book chapters on the topic "Community health services – Malawi"

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Glasby, Jon, and Jerry Tew. "Community Mental Health Services." In Mental Health Policy and Practice, 77–104. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-11944-5_4.

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O’Hara, Jean, Eddie Chaplin, Jill Lockett, and Nick Bouras. "Community Mental Health Services." In Autism and Child Psychopathology Series, 359–72. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-8250-5_21.

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Thomas, Richard K. "The New Community Assessment Process." In Health Services Planning, 145–85. New York, NY: Springer US, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-1076-3_7.

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Häfner, Heinz. "Mental Health Services Research." In Epidemiology and Community Psychiatry, 53–56. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-4700-2_7.

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Harrow, Jenny. "Local authority health strategies." In Managing Community Health Services, 3–16. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-3138-2_1.

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Schmidt, Robert W., and Sharon L. Cohen. "Essential Mental Health Services." In Disaster Mental Health Community Planning, 125–49. New York, NY : Routledge, 2020.: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429285134-7.

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Corney, Roslyn. "Mental health services." In Interprofessional issues in community and primary health care, 137–63. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-13236-2_8.

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Baugh, W. E. "Health." In Introduction to Social and Community Services, 57–64. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-22154-7_6.

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Kingsley, Su, and Robin Douglas. "Developing service strategies: the transition to community care." In Managing Community Health Services, 17–34. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-3138-2_2.

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Dalley, Gillian. "Patterns of management in community units." In Managing Community Health Services, 35–47. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-3138-2_3.

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Conference papers on the topic "Community health services – Malawi"

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Dafla, Aelaf, Nathan Amanquah, and Kwadwo Gyamfi Osafo-Maafo. "A mobile devices health information application for community based health services." In 2015 Conference on Raising Awareness for the Societal and Environmental Role of Engineering and (Re)Training Engineers for Participatory Design (Engineering4Society). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/engineering4society.2015.7177908.

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Abshari, Umme Asma, Sohel Rana, and Cecep Heriana. "Assessment of Reproductive Health Services in Selected Community Clinics." In 1st International Conference on Science, Health, Economics, Education and Technology (ICoSHEET 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/ahsr.k.200723.052.

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Adhariani, Desi. "Budgeted Health Services for Women: A Community-based Initiative." In Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Gender Equality and Ecological Justice, GE2J 2019, 10-11 July 2019, Semarang, Indonesia. EAI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.10-7-2019.2298855.

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Mulyadi, Eko, Nelyta Oktavianisya, Gabriella Gabriella, Imaniyah Imaniyah, Suraying Suraying, and Abdul Muhith. "Boarding School that provide community-based mental health services." In Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Business, Law And Pedagogy, ICBLP 2019, 13-15 February 2019, Sidoarjo, Indonesia. EAI, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.13-2-2019.2286499.

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Dian Eka Sari, Jayanti, and Diansanto Prayoga. "The Development of Community-Based Health Center Services In Banyuwangi." In 1st Public Health International Conference (PHICo 2016). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/phico-16.2017.43.

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Eze, Benjamin, Craig Kuziemsky, Jamie Stevens, Paul Boissonneault, and Liam Peyton. "Successful Deployment of Cloud-hosted Services and Performance Management for Community Care." In 12th International Conference on Health Informatics. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0007365902480255.

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Guiqin Sun, Shenyi Tao, Yongqiang Lu, Yu Chen, Yuanchun Shi, Ni Rong, Rui Wang, and Xiaojuan Lu. "A low-cost community healthcare kiosk." In 2011 IEEE 13th International Conference on e-Health Networking, Applications and Services (Healthcom 2011). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/health.2011.6026763.

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Hu, Hongpu, Xing Gao, Yue Zhang, Xin Yan, Xu Na, and Fan Yu. "Demand analysis and business modeling of community health services performance management." In 2016 12th International Conference on Natural Computation and 13th Fuzzy Systems and Knowledge Discovery (ICNC-FSKD). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/fskd.2016.7603380.

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Aryoseto, Lukman, Didik Tamtomo, and Bhisma Murti. "Factors Associated with Quality of Health Services and the Contextual Effect of Community Health Center." In The 4th International Conference on Public Health 2018. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.26911/theicph.2018.04.10.

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Tako, Antuela A., Stewart Robinson, Anastasia Gogi, Zoe Radnor, and Cheryl Davenport. "Evaluating Community-Based Integrated Health and Social Care Services: The Simtegr8 Approach." In 2019 Winter Simulation Conference (WSC). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wsc40007.2019.9004874.

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Reports on the topic "Community health services – Malawi"

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Research Institute (IFPRI), International Food Policy. Dynamics in agricultural extension services provision in Malawi: Insights from two rounds of household and community panel surveys. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2499/p15738coll2.133343.

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Ntsua, Stephen, Placide Tapsoba, Gloria Asare, and Frank Nyonator. Repositioning community-based family planning in Ghana: A case study of Community-based Health Planning and Services (CHPS). Population Council, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/rh2.1053.

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Liambila, Wilson, Francis Obare, Chi-Chi Undie, Harriet Birungi, Shiphrah Kuria, Ruth Muia, and Assumpta Matekwa. Strengthening the delivery of comprehensive reproductive health services through the community midwifery model in Kenya. Population Council, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/rh3.1028.

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Mantilla, Maria Dolores, and Mariel Antezana. Evaluation of community education interventions in sexual and reproductive health services in urban-marginal areas of La Paz, Bolivia. Population Council, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/rh4.1128.

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Nyarko, Philomena E., Fiifi Amoako-Johnson, Peter Atkinson, Faustina Nii-Amoo Frempong-Ainguah, Francis Dodoo, Jane C. Falkingham, Peter Gething, and Matthews Zoe. Evaluating the Impact of the Community-Based Health Planning and Services Initiative on Uptake of Skilled Birth Care in Ghana. Unknown, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.35648/20.500.12413/11781/ii113.

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Nance, Nerissa, Sandra McCoy, David Ngilangwa, Joseph Masanja, Prosper Njau, and Rita Noronha. Evaluating the impact of community health worker integration into prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV services in Tanzania. International Initiative for Impact Evaluation (3ie), July 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.23846/tw7018.

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Nance, Nerissa, Sandra McCoy, David Ngilangwa, Joseph Masanja, Prosper Njau, and Rita Noronha. Evaluating the impact of community health worker integration into prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV services in Tanzania. International Initiative for Impact Evaluation, July 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.23846/tw718.

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Nyonator, Frank, John Awoonor-Williams, James Phillips, Tanya Jones, and Robert Miller. The Ghana Community-based Health Planning and Services Initiative: Fostering evidence-based organizational change and development in a resource-constrained setting. Population Council, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/pgy6.1086.

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Ahmad, Jaleel, Isha Bhatnagar, and M. E. Khan. Increasing access to family planning and reproductive health services through community work: A case study of a dual cadre model in India. Population Council, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/rh2.1049.

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Wu, Albert, Leon Purnell, Chidinma Ibe, Christine Weston, Lee Bone, Romsai Boonyasai, Ja Alah-Ai Heughan, et al. Linking Community-Based Organizations with Each Other, and with Hospitals and Health Clinics, to Help Connect Patients with the Services They Need. Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute® (PCORI), July 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.25302/5.2019.cd.12114948.

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