Academic literature on the topic 'Community managed forests'
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Journal articles on the topic "Community managed forests"
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Kairu, A., K. Kotut, R. Mbeche, and J. Kairo. "Participatory forestry improves mangrove forest management in Kenya." International Forestry Review 23, no. 1 (2021): 41–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1505/146554821832140385.
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Participatory forestry has been recognized as a tool for improving tropical forest management. The current study assessed the impacts of participatory forest management (PFM) on the structure and regeneration of a mangrove forest at Gazi Bay, Kenya. Data were collected along belt transects perpendicular to the waterline in both co-managed and state-managed mangrove forests. Basal area and standing density were significantly higher in the co-managed mangrove forests (16 m2/ha and 4 341 tree/ha) as compared to the state forests (eastern block 10.3 m2/ha and 2 673 trees/ha; western block 6.2 m2/ha and 2 436 trees/ha). There were significantly higher (p = 0.0068) densities of merchantable poles in community-managed as compared to state-managed forests. Natural regeneration patterns in community-managed and state-managed forests were deemed adequate to support the recovery of both forests. The results demonstrate that community participation contributes to improved management of mangrove forests and is in agreement with the principles of sustainable forest management.
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Oktalina, Silvi, Wiyono Wiyono, Aneka Suka, Achmad Bisjoe, Nurhaedah Muin, and Digby Race. "Understanding Social Capital in Management of Community Forest in Indonesia." HABITAT 33, no. 2 (2022): 153–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.habitat.2022.033.2.16.
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Community forests are defined as forests that grow on private land and are managed by farmers on a small scale. Most of the community forests in Indonesia are managed by farmers, who mostly use social capital in community forest management. Understanding social capital of farmers in managing community forests is important to empower them. This research was a survey conducted by involving 240 respondents in three districts: Bulukumba (South Sulawesi Province), Gunungkidul (Yogyakarta Special Province), and Pati (Central Java Province). The research showed that majority of the farmers believed that community forests can support their livelihoods. Moreover, the research used trust, norm, and network to measure the social capital employed in the community forest management. The result revealed some trusted stakeholders for intervention in community forest management across the study locations were other farmers, farmer group committees, and farmer groups. Meanwhile, the norms that the farmers used in community forest were tradition and custom. In addition, the farming network was identified to understand behavior of the farmers in forest product marketing. A total of 68% of the farmers sell timber, whereas the others (52%) sell crops. Traders are the most important stakeholder in community forest product marketing. From this identification of social capital, we could develop appropriate strategies for intervention to manage the community forests for sustainable community forest management.
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Poudel, Prativa, and Anjana Devkota. "Regeneration Status of Sal (Shorea robusta Gaertn.) in Community Managed Forests, Tanahun District, Nepal." Journal of Institute of Science and Technology 26, no. 2 (2021): 23–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jist.v26i2.41297.
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The present research aims to know the regeneration status of community managed Shorea robusta (Sal) forests; managed for 6-21 years in Tanahun district, a part of Gandaki Province, Nepal. These forests were categorized into two groups according to management duration (more than 10 years and equal or less than 10 yrs). The regeneration status of the forest was estimated by calculating the density of each species in each developmental phase (seedling, sapling and tree). The total tree density of community forest managed for more than 10 years (MCF forest; 1230 plants/ha) was less than the community forest managed for equal or less than 10 years (LCF forest; 1314 plants/ha). The results suggest that the size class distribution of the trees resembling inverse-J shaped indicates the good regenerating capability of both forests. After the handover of forests to the community, Sal density had increased rapidly in both the forests. Community management had a significant positive impact on the regeneration of the forest, and thus, the productivity of the forest. Thus, the study of regeneration of forest trees has important implications for the conservation and management of natural forests.
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Panthi, Bhanu B. "Additional Benefits of Community Managed Forest: A Case Study of Champadevi Community Forest." Nepal Journal of Science and Technology 12 (July 22, 2012): 127–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njst.v12i0.6490.
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This research attempts to identify the existing condition of the community managed forest based on the assumption that it will serve as a proxy for the condition of other forests in the mid hills region of Nepal. The research area has an atypical variation in altitude and diverse pattern of vegetation. This study mainly focuses on estimating carbon content in the forest and identifying the species that has more carbon storage capacity. The research signifies the role of forests in mitigation of ‘Global warming’ and ‘Climate change’ by storing carbon in tree biomass. These types of community based forest management programs are significant for their additional carbon sequestration through the avoidance of deforestation and degradation. The carbon sequestration have a significant contribution to environmental benefits, any shrinkage of forests have an enormous impact on CO2 emission with long term consequences. Thus, the development and expansion of community managed forests provide many benefits to the adjacent community and globally at large.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njst.v12i0.6490 Nepal Journal of Science and Technology 12 (2011) 127-32
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Frey, G. E., S. Charnley, and J. Makala. "The costs and benefits of certification for community forests managed by traditional peoples in south-eastern Tanzania." International Forestry Review 24, no. 3 (2022): 360–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1505/146554822835941832.
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Community forests managed by indigenous, traditional, and local communities must be environmentally, socially, and economically sustainable for their benefits to persist. Certification of community forests communicates that products harvested there meet these standards. However, certification of community forests has been limited, particularly in Africa. Financial analysis, review of audit reports, and a survey of forest managers were used to explore monetary and non-monetary social costs and benefits of Forest Stewardship Council certification for 14 timberproducing community forests managed by traditional peoples in south-eastern Tanzania. Direct monetary costs of certification outweighed monetary benefits, threatening economic sustainability. Nevertheless, forest managers believed that community forests should retain certification because they valued its non-monetary benefits, which were consistent with the Forest Stewardship Council's social principles. This study demonstrates that certification of community forests can help indigenous and traditional peoples ensure safe working conditions, strengthen forest tenure rights, sustain multiple community benefits, and protect culturally-important sites, however, financial barriers persist.
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Bhattarai, B. P., R. M. Kunwar, and R. Kc. "Forest certification and FSC standard initiatives in collaborative forest management system in Nepal." International Forestry Review 21, no. 4 (2019): 416–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1505/146554819827906852.
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The Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) principles and criteria have been implemented in over 80 community forests in Nepal over the last decade. However, the total size of community forests certified under the FSC certification is relatively small (0.1% of the total area of the country), which limits the overall benefits they can provide to the surrounding communities. The national government has instituted the Collaborative Forest Management (CFM) initiative to maintain forest connectivity and give local communities jurisdiction over the nearby forests that they and their ancestor have lived with and managed for many generations. The CFM policies strive to ensure the restoration of large and continuous patches of forest, equitable benefit sharing of forest products and good governance, yet these policies do not certify the forests as sustainably managed, and thus cannot provide increased prices on the international market for products from these forests. Two collaborative forests were assessed in the Tarai region of Nepal to understand how well these community managed forests already follow the FSC principles and where changes must be made for these forests to be certified in the future. Field observations were undertaken, focus group discussions held, and semi-structured interviews carried out in order to understand current management practices in these two collaborative managed forests. Findings showed that the CFM helped improve biodiversity and benefit sharing from the forest amongst the wide range of communities. Collaboratively managed forests and FSC principles were shown to have complementary objectives: to sustain forests, strengthen forest governance and conserve indigenous species and knowledge, and it is argued that these plans can be synchronized for the benefit of both forests and people.
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Shrestha, Pratiksha, Ram Prasad Chaudhary, Krishna Kumar Shrestha, and Dharma Raj Dangol. "Flora of community managed forests of Palpa district, western Nepal." Journal of Natural History Museum 30 (December 1, 2018): 102–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnhm.v30i0.27540.
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Floristic diversity is studied based on gender in two different management committee community forests (Barangdi-Kohal jointly managed community forest and Bansa-Gopal women managed community forest) of Palpa district, west Nepal. Square plot of 10m×10m size quadrat were laid for covering all forest areas and maintained minimum 40m distance between two quadrats. Altogether 68 plots (34 in each forest) were sampled. Both community forests had nearly same altitudinal range, aspect and slope but differed in different environmental variables and members of management committees. All the species present in quadrate and as well as outside the quadrate were recorded for analysis. There were 213 species of flowering plant belonging to 67 families and 182 genera. Barangdi-Kohal JM community forest had high species richness i.e. 176 species belonging to 64 families and 150 genera as compared to Bansa-Gopal WM community forest with 143 species belonging to 56 families and 129 genera. According to different life forms and family and genus wise jointly managed forest has high species richness than in women managed forest. Both community forest are banned for fodder, fuel wood and timber collection without permission of management comities. There is restriction of grazing in JM forest, whereas no restriction of grazing in WM forest.
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Rai, Prem Bahadur, Robin R. Sears, Dorji Dukpa, Sonam Phuntsho, Yustina Artati, and Himlal Baral. "Participatory Assessment of Ecosystem Services from Community-Managed Planted Forests in Bhutan." Forests 11, no. 10 (2020): 1062. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11101062.
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Planted forests provide a range of ecosystem services, from the local to global scales. In this study, we evaluated the perceptions by local people of the ecosystem services from planted forest stands in Bhutan. We employed household questionnaires, interviews and focus group discussions in eight villages in two regions of Bhutan: Trashigang dzongkhag, in eastern Bhutan, and Punakha dzongkhag in western Bhutan. At all sites, the planted forests were created several decades ago to restore forest cover in deforested and degraded areas. The restored stands were perceived by residents to provide multiple goods and ecosystem services important to local security, health, and livelihoods, including wild edibles, freshwater, and soil protection, and aesthetic and cultural services. This study indicates that local community participation in forest resource management can ease user conflict and manage the planted forests sustainably. We see community-based forest restoration on degraded lands as a viable approach, among others, to achieve national commitments to the Bonn Challenge and other multilateral environmental agreements related to forests.
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Yami, Mastewal, and Wolde Mekuria. "Challenges in the Governance of Community-Managed Forests in Ethiopia: Review." Sustainability 14, no. 3 (2022): 1478. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14031478.
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A large proportion of the rural population in Ethiopia depends on community-managed forests for food security and livelihoods. However, the government and development partners have paid little attention to the governance challenges which limit the contributions of community-managed forests to food security and livelihoods. Also lacking is a synthesis of evidence relating to the requirements for improved governance to support the efforts of decision makers and practitioners. This paper attempts to review and synthesize the available evidence with the aim of identifying the requirements to achieve improved governance in community-managed forests. The results revealed that failure to devise benefit-sharing mechanisms which consider the heterogeneity of rural communities was prevalent. Interference of local authorities and elite capture in decision-making processes of forest and landscape restoration also compromised the willingness of rural communities to engage in collective action. Requirements such as the identification of the needs of specific categories of communities and enabling of the negotiation of diverse interests in the design and implementation of interventions could improve the governance of community-managed forests. Developing management plans and business model scenarios which balance the ecological and socio-economic goals at a local level in collaboration with rural communities is important to improve the governance of community-managed forests. There is also a need to revisit the practice of evaluating the performance of community-managed forests almost exclusively based on the goals of climate change adaptation and mitigation and biodiversity conservation.
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Wang, Chun-Jing, Dong-Zhou Deng, Wu-Xian Yan, Zhi-Wen Gao, Shan-Feng Huang, and Ji-Zhong Wan. "Application of Forest Integrity Assessment to Determine Community Diversity in Plantation Forests Managed Under Carbon Sequestration Projects in the Western Qinba Mountains, China." Land 14, no. 4 (2025): 798. https://doi.org/10.3390/land14040798.
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The development of carbon sequestration projects in plantation forests has the potential to offer win–win outcomes for the environment and economy. The Climate, Community, and Biodiversity (CCB) Standards ensure that a particular forest project will deliver tangible climate, community, and biodiversity benefits. According to the CCB Standards, it is necessary to assess community diversity in plantation forests. Our study provides indicators of community diversity based on Forest Integrity Assessment (FIA) according to the CCB Standards for carbon sequestration projects in Tianshui City, Gansu Province, China, which is located in the western Qinba Mountains. Herein, we estimated plantation forest conditions based on a forest condition assessment. Linear regression models were used to explore the relationships between FIA scores and community diversity (such as species richness, Shannon–Wiener index, inverse Simpson’s index, and Pielou’s evenness index quantified by species abundance) in plantation forests managed under carbon sequestration projects. The high community diversity reaches the CCB Standards. FIA scores were closely associated with Pielou’s evenness index of plant communities in plantation forests managed under carbon sequestration projects (R2 = 0.104; mean square error = 0.014; standard error = 0.104; p = 0.012). A complex topography had positive effects on species richness, while a rich standing condition had negative effects on the Shannon–Wiener index. Forest conditions have been used as indicators of community diversity in plantation forests managed under carbon sequestration projects. The occurrence of climber and animal species should be used as indicators for enhancing community diversity to meet the CCB Standards. Furthermore, plant species richness benefits from a complex topography. However, our study had the limitation that the FIA could not cover the full range of environmental conditions. Our study provides a practical reference for applying the CCB Standards to plantation forests managed under carbon sequestration projects.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Community managed forests"
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Gautam, Krishna Hari. "Lopping regimes in community-managed sal (Shorea robusta) forests of Nepal : prospects for multiple-product silviculture for community forestry." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Forestry, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/7196.
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Forest management decisions may contribute little to sustainable forest management if those decisions do not consider the interests of different socio-economic classes and ecological actions and reactions. Recently, an immense need has arisen for forestry to have multifaceted objectives i.e., to provide multiple products with due attention to environmental effects. This study explores the potentiality of managing sal (Shorea robusta) forests for multiple products. The research looked into two aspects - experimental and ethnographic. The experimental aspect involved lopping (0, 40, 60 and 80% lopping) and litter (with or without litter) treatments. The experiments were conducted in two community-managed sal forests in western Nepal, and examined treatment effects on stem growth (tree and plot level) and the regeneration of the forests.
One-event lopping up to 80% produced no adverse effects on diameter-at-breast-height (dbh), height, basal area or volume growth in two experimental forests in one year following the lopping, except the mean dbh and volume of dominant (tallest) trees and the mean volume of non-sal trees in younger and denser forest. Dominant (tallest) trees sustained up to 60% lopping but non-sal trees only 40% lopping before growth reductions. In contrast, lopping (40% and 60%) increased the growth in some instances in younger and denser forest. Litter removal produced no adverse effect on the growth.
The main effects and the interaction between lopping and litter removal did not adversely affect regeneration in either forest, but increased the frequency of regeneration in most of the cases.
The ethnographic study involved understanding the extent of the use of sal forests, and the indigenous knowledge of forest use and ethnosilviculture among users of three sal forests. Nine-hundred and sixty-five statements (each statement makes a piece or block of information) from 111 key informants formed the basis of information.
The ethnographic study identified 637 uses and 328 blocks of ethnosilvicultural information. The relationships between indigenous knowledge status and socio-economic status (gender, age, ethnicity, income, and landholding) of respondents were analysed. Analyses showed a significant association at various levels, between types of information and socio-economic status; however, all socio-economic groups of the users held some sort of knowledge relating to forest management.
Based on a one-event lopping, experimental study has shown the possibility of lopping in producing foliage and litter from sal forests without adversely affecting the growth of the tree. The importance of lopped foliage and litter has been highlighted by ethnographic study. Furthermore, ethnographic study indicated importance of several other products from sal forests for various socio-economic groups. Devaluing any product in forest management may lower the interest of particular groups within the community. Excluding any group in management decisions will lower the effectiveness of management practices. The practical importance of this research and future research needs are discussed.
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Baniya, Ashok. "RESPONSE TO IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE THROUGH COMMUNITY MANAGED FORESTS IN NEPAL: IS REDD+ PANACEA FOR COMMUNITY?" Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Geografisk institutt, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-22904.
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The contemporary global politics is dominated by climate change agenda. The subsequent climate change conferences have recognized the role of forests conceptualized as REDD+ as one of the cheapest and quickest way to reduce the carbon emissions. However, what is less understood is that to what extent carbon trade in the context of REDD+ mechanism is beneficial to local forest dependent communities. In the context of REDD+ pilot project which is implemented in Nepal since 2010, the extent of benefits of carbon trade to the local community was examined taking two case studies into account representing both Hill and Terai region which lies in lower temperate and tropical ecological regions respectively. The overall objective of this study is to examine whether the existing REDD+ mechanism implemented in Nepal is beneficial to the local community or not. A Household survey of total 70 households using systematic random sampling technique was administered to gather data related to the involvement of community forests users in taking benefits from, and cost to them incurred in forestry and carbon management activities, their personal characteristics, and people perception on climate change and its effects on livelihoods. Also, the carbon data was obtained from ongoing REDD+ project implemented in Nepal. With setting three scenarios 1) business as usual (no carbon trade), 2) with carbon trade plus scenario 1, and 3) only carbon trade, the analysis was performed with employing bivariate and multivariate statistical test, and regression analysis. Analysis on whether carbon trade is beneficial to the local community forest user groups suggests that carbon trading will offer good incentive under certain conditions as mentioned in scenario 2. The first condition is that there should be no restriction on using forests products which are the reliable basis for earning subsistence livelihoods to the local community. The second condition is that the community should able to sell carbon at least at $ 10 per ton CO2. It is also evident from the study that benefits from community forests outstrip the benefits from carbon trading, so carbon trading is only additional value to local community.
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Frost, Carol Margaret. "Spillover and species interactions across habitat edges between managed and natural forests." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Biological Sciences, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/8989.
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We are currently faced with the global challenge of conserving biological diversity while also increasing food production to meet the demands of a growing human population. Land-use change, primarily resulting from conversion to production land, is currently the leading cause of biodiversity loss. This occurs through habitat loss, fragmentation of remaining natural habitats, and resulting edge effects. Land-sparing and land-sharing approaches have been discussed as alternative ways to engineer landscapes to mitigate biodiversity loss while meeting production objectives. However, these represent extremes on a continuum of real-world landscapes, and it will be important to understand the mechanisms by which adjacent land use affects natural remnant ecosystems in order to make local land-management decisions that achieve conservation, as well as production, objectives.
This thesis investigates the impact of juxtaposing production and natural forest on the community-wide interactions between lepidopteran herbivores and their parasitoids, as mediated by parasitoid spillover between habitats. The first and overarching objective was to determine whether herbivore productivity drives asymmetrical spillover of predators and parasitoids, primarily from managed to natural habitats, and whether this spillover alters trophic interactions in the recipient habitat. The study of trophic interactions at a community level requires understanding of both direct and indirect interactions. However, community-level indirect interactions are generally difficult to predict and measure, and these have therefore remained understudied. Apparent competition is an indirect interaction mechanism thought to be very important in structuring host-parasitoid assemblages. However, this is known primarily from studies of single species pairs, and its community-wide impacts are less clear. Therefore, my second objective was to determine whether apparent competition could be predicted for all species pairs within an herbivore assemblage, based on a measure of parasitoid overlap. My third objective was to determine whether certain host or parasitoid species traits can predict the involvement of those species in apparent competition.
My key findings were that there is a net spillover of generalist predators and parasitoids from plantation to native forest, and that for generalists, this depends on herbivore abundance in the plantation forest. Herbivore populations across the edge were linked by shared parasitoids in apparent competition. Consequently, an experimental reduction of herbivore density in the plantation forest changed parasitism rates in the natural forest, as predicted based on parasitoid overlap. Finally, several host and parasitoid traits were identified that can predict the degree to which host or parasitoid species will be involved in apparent competition, a finding which may have extensive application in biological control, as well as in predicting spillover edge effects.
Overall, this work suggests that asymmetrical spillover between production and natural habitats occurs in relation to productivity differences, with greater movement of predators and parasitoids in the managed-to-natural forest direction. The degree to which this affected species interactions has implications for landscape design to achieve conservation objectives in production landscapes.
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Fermon, Heleen. "The butterfly community of a managed West African rainforest patterns of habitat specificity, diversity, stratification and movement /." Doctoral thesis, [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2002. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=965555348.
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Huang, Jay-Chin, and 黃志欽. "A study on forest recreation areas, the residents, and community renascence from the viewpoint of managers." Thesis, 1998. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/67564830735512819658.
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碩士<br>國立臺灣大學<br>森林學系研究所<br>86<br>With the rapid economic growth in Taiwan, the demands for leisure increas
e at the same time. After many national forest lands divided to forest recrea
tion areas, it brings a lot of complicate and hard problems to solve. Some of
them are caused by the residents in the neighborhood. Therefrom, this study
is to explore what parts the residents play in Chitou forest recreation area b
y in-depth interviews firstly, then to discuss whether "community renascence"
works. The meanings of community renascence are gathering sense of community
and developing the community, which can result in more efficient management of
forest recreation areas, better lives for residents, and nicer recreational e
xperience for visitors. Results show that: the residents play a very importan
t part; but community renascence is difficult to achieve right away.
Books on the topic "Community managed forests"
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Bill, Ritchie, and Center for International Forestry Research., eds. Criteria and indicators of sustainability in community managed forest landscapes: An introductory guide. Center for International Forestry Research, 2000.
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Fonseca, Catarina. How to support community management of water supplies: Guidelines for managers. IRC International Water and Sanitation Centre, 2002.
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Certification of community managed forests. Asia Network for Sustainable Agriculture and Bioresources, 2010.
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Participatory biodiversity monitoring in community managed forests. Asia Network for Sustainable Agriculture and Bioresources, 2010.
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Communities and forest resource management: Lessons and experiences of community managed forest systems in the Himalayas : proceedings of a workshop. Aforda, 2001.
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Reducing carbon emissions through community-managed forests in the Himalaya. International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development, 2007.
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Secure Rural Schools and Community Self-determination Act: Hearings before the Subcommittee on Forests and Public Land Management of the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources, United States Senate, One Hundred Sixth Congress, first session, on S. 1608, to provide annual payments to the states and counties from National Forest System lands managed by the Forest Service, and ... October 5, 1999, October 19, 1999. U.S. G.P.O., 2000.
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Dissanayake, Sahan T. M., Prakash Jha, Bhim Adhikari, et al. Community Managed Forest Groups and Preferences for REDD+ Contract Attributes: A Choice Experiment Survey of Communities in Nepal. The World Bank, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-7326.
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Bolt, E., and C. Fonseca. How to Support Community Management of Water Supplies: Guidelines for Managers. KIT Publishers, 2003.
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Norton, Tony. Biodiversity: Integrating Conservation and Production. Edited by Ted Lefroy, Kay Bailey, and Greg Unwin. CSIRO Publishing, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9780643096219.
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Australia’s experience in community-based environmental repair is unique in the world, with no shortage of analysis by bureaucrats, academics and environmentalists. This collection of 17 case studies gives a view from ground level. It includes heroic accounts of families who changed their way of farming and their relationship to the land so significantly they found they could stop hand-feeding stock during a drought and see the bush coming back. It describes the experience with ‘bush tenders’, which were oversubscribed, as farmers competed with each other for stewardship payments to manage their grazing lands for endangered ground-nesting birds as well as beef and wool. And it tells of a group of wheat growers who plant patches of grassland for beneficial insects that save them tens of thousands of dollars a year in pesticide bills.
 The case studies arose from a meeting of 250 farmers, foresters and fishers from all Australian states, who met in Launceston as guests of the community group Tamar Natural Resource Management to reflect on the question: ‘Is it possible to be good environmental managers and prosper in our businesses?’ As well as tales of environmental hope, there are also messages about the limits of duty of care, the need to share the costs of achieving society’s expectations, and the possibility of learning from unlikely places. Biodiversity: Integrating Conservation and Production includes the seven ‘Tamar Principles’, distilled by the delegates from the meeting for those on the front line.
Book chapters on the topic "Community managed forests"
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Karmann, Marion, Zandra Martinez, Joachim Meier-Dörnberg, and Vera Santos. "An assessment of FSC certification solutions for smallholders and community-managed forests." In Routledge Handbook of Community Forestry. Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780367488710-19.
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Wilkinson, Bill, and April Sahara. "Community management of Native American, municipal, and private managed forests in northern California, USA." In Routledge Handbook of Community Forestry. Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780367488710-16.
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Bhatt, Honey, and Harshit Pant Jugran. "Community-Managed Forests and Their Effectiveness in SDG Implications in the Western Himalayan Region." In Warming Mountains. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-62197-0_22.
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Dubova, Lenka, Lenka Slavikova, João C. Azevedo, et al. "Review of Policy Instruments for Climate-Smart Mountain Forestry." In Climate-Smart Forestry in Mountain Regions. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-80767-2_14.
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AbstractImplementing the Climate-Smart Forestry (CSF) concept into practice requires interaction among key stakeholders, especially forest owners and managers, policymakers (or regulators in general), forest consultants, and forest users. But what could be the most effective policy instruments to achieve climate smartness in mountain forests? Which ones would be the most acceptable for forest owners? And for the local forest communities? Should they be designed and implemented with the use of participatory approaches or rather on a top-down basis? This chapter summarizes key policy instruments structured in three subsequent categories: command-and-control, voluntary market-based instruments, and community cooperation. It provides examples of their functioning in the forestry sector and discusses their suitability for the implementation of climate smart forestry. It appears that there are many policy instruments used with varying degrees of success such as forest concessions or voluntary certification schemes. A wide range of instruments are responding to direct regulation; this has been seen as insufficient to deal with natural hazards and calamities.
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Sampurno, Dheny. "Integrated Spatial Ecosystem Services Valuation Approach with Community Participation in a Social Forestry Scheme." In Global Environmental Studies. Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-0902-5_12.
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AbstractIn 2016, the Indonesian government established seven village forests in East Tebing Tinggi Sub-district, Riau Province. These social forestry schemes grant rights to the local society to manage communal land for ecological and livelihood benefits. To do this, they need to identify and value the products and services of the natural resource assets. This study conducts a rapid spatial assessment for an ecosystem service valuation with the participation of local representatives, demonstrating that the integration of a spatial approach and local participation is scientifically implementable for the village forest authority. Using the peat ecosystem services approach, the study estimates that seven village forests contain approximately 36.2 million tons of carbon stocks from the peat soil and peat forest biomass in the form of regulating services. Supporting services are evident in the government’s regulation of ecological conditions based on its designation of peat ecosystem function. The agro-ecosystem of sago plantations for food production offers provisioning services. Local residents and governments support the potential of ecotourism to enhance socio-cultural value via cultural services. All these services demonstrate how the environmental returns for both local livelihoods and a sustainable ecosystem are possible to achieve at the local level. However, support from governments and organizations is required to ensure that local communities can continue to hold the communal land right.
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Peach, Andrew, and John Devlin. "Community-managed forestry in Palo Seco, Mexico." In The Routledge handbook of comparative rural policy. Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429489075-42.
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Vameșu, Ancuța, Cristina Barna, and Irina Opincaru. "From public ownership back to commons." In Providing public goods and commons. CIRIEC, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.25518/ciriec.css1chap3.
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This chapter is an analysis of the forest commons in Romania (in Romanian - „obște”, „composesorat”) as social solidarity economy organisations mainly looking at how the collective production of norms in these new (re-instituted after 50 years) organisations impacts the sustainability concerns in the collective management of natural goods and production of new goods and services of interest to the community. The chapter has four parts: the first part is offering to the readers a conceptual framework of common goods in order to better understand the particular situation of Romanian natural resources (forests, pastures) as common goods and their transition from public management to commons across time; the second part is a brief history of commons in Romania covering evolutions from 1948 to 2012 and including estimates of the size of surfaces they manage; the third part studies the commons as social economy organisations using key social and economic indicators of commons as SSE organisations from the Prometeus research project in which the authors were involved; and the last part assesses the disposition of the commons for a public, community interest mission and sustainable management of forests using survey data analysis. The chapter thus provides an in-depth analysis of commons as social solidarity economy organisations in Romania and of their capacity to provide a viable framework for sustainably managing the common resources under circumstances of significant economic pressure.
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Cudiamat, Mario A., and Blesshe L. Querijero. "Building Sustainability in Community-Managed Mangrove Forest Using Biocultural Approach to Conservation." In Plant Diversity in Biocultural Landscapes. Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-8649-9_2.
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Adhuri, Dedi S., Imam Syafi’i, Atika Zahra Rahmayanti, Intan Adhi Perdana Putri, and Mochammad Nadjib. "Coastal Forest Re-Grabbing: A Case from Langkat, North Sumatra, Indonesia." In Environment & Policy. Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-15904-6_6.
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AbstractGrabbing in its various forms, such as land and maritime grabbing, has been a global concern. This is not only because it happened in many places but also the negative impacts on local people and the environment were often severe. Studies found that millions of local people were excluded from their access to resources they depended upon for decades or even generations. In some places, environmental impact occurred beyond the ability of the ecosystem to recover. This paper will also deal with the above issues. Nonetheless, while most studies focus on grabbing and their socio-environmental impacts, this paper will demonstrate the process of “re-grabbing.” This is how local community supported by NGOs and other agencies took back the control over the coastal mangrove forest taken and converted by a private company for palm oil plantation. This paper will explain the process and strategies employed by coastal communities in Langkat, North Sumatra, in resisting the palm oil plantation’s presence that has impacted their fishing and coastal livelihoods seriously. Interestingly, one of the strategies was “destroy and rehabilitate.” This is the destruction of coastal dikes and palm oil trees and the reestablishment of the mangrove forest. This strategy bears two results. The first is the recovery of the ecosystem, which supports the redevelopment of coastal livelihoods, the old and new. Second is the acknowledgment from the government on the fact that communities have rehabilitated the coastal mangrove well. This, in turn, has stimulated government to grand the communities the Hak Perhutanan Sosial (Social Forestry Right) to manage the designated forest. In conclusion, this paper will argue despite the fact that in most cases grabbing left the community and environment as the lost parties, with certain strategies the reality can be turned back for the favor of the communities and the environment.
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Rodrigo-Comino, Jesús, Artemi Cerdà, Stefan Doerr, et al. "Introduction: FIRElinks, a Community for Society and Science." In Fire Hazards: Socio-economic and Regional Issues. Springer International Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-50446-4_1.
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AbstractFIRElinks (CA18135) originated from many efforts by a group of researchers after submitting a proposal for a COST Action. During four years, the main aim has been to develop an EU-spanning network of scientists and practitioners involved in forest fire research and land management with backgrounds such as fire dynamics, fire risk management, fire effects on vegetation, fauna, soil and water, and socioeconomic, historical, geographical, political perception, and land management approaches. Communities from different scientific and geographic backgrounds allowing the discussion of different experiences and the emergence of new approaches to fire research were connected. Working group number 5 was developed to power synergistic collaborations between European research groups and stakeholders to synthesize the existing knowledge and expertise and to define a concerted research agenda which promotes an integrated approach to create fire-resilient landscapes from a regional and socioeconomic point of view, taking into account how to teach the population, stakeholders, and policymakers considering the biological, biochemical, and physical, but also socioeconomic, historical, geographical, sociological, perception, and policy constraints. In this edited book, the main conclusion of working group 5 was addressed considering different study cases and methods developed by recognized experts over Europe: there is an urgent societal need to manage wildfires due to the expected further intensification and geographical spreading of its regimes under global change.
Conference papers on the topic "Community managed forests"
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Zeng, Min Qian (Michelle), Hailan Chen, Anil Shrestha, Chris Crowley, Emma Ng, and Guangyu Wang. "International Collaboration on a Sustainable Forestry Management OER Online Program – A Case Study." In Sixth International Conference on Higher Education Advances. Universitat Politècnica de València, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/head20.2020.11242.
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Over time, forest education has had to adapt to keep up with global changes and to accomodate the needs of students and society. While facing pressing global issues like climate change, deforestation, illegal logging and food security, the role of higher forest education has shifted away from traditional teaching approaches and practices to methods that emphasize sustainable development, community-based management and environmental conservation in forestry. In doing so, forest education has cultivated human expertise that understands the complexity of ever-changing environments, masters state of the art technologies to manage fores and natural resources, and is capable of creating, communicating and implementing related policies in global communities and societies. In this context, educational technology and online lerning enable flexible, accessible, effective, and high-quality forest education. A case study of a Sustainable Forest Management Online program led by the Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia (UBC) shows that appropriately integrating educational technologies into an interntionally developed and recognized high quality curriculum is an effective way to create accessible and affordable forest education in meeting the demand of evolving societal and environmental conditions.Keywords: forest education; educational technology; international collaboration, open educational resources
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Jakovljević, Tijana, and Snežana Đurđić. "A possible application of multispectral analyzes for the protection of forest ecosystems in Fruska gora National Park." In Zbornik radova – VI Kongres geografa Srbije sa medunarodnim ucešcem. University of Belgrade - Faculty of Geography, Belgrade, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/kongef24016j.
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Open satellite data enable a comprehensive multispectral analysis of vegetation worldwide. The importance of these analyzes is particularly emphasized in the area of large and impassable forests. Due to the vulnerability of forest ecosystems as a result of climate change, multispectral analysis will make a crucial contribution to proper forest management in the event of drought and to reducing the risk of forest fi res. In the Fruska gora National Park among more than 20 forest communities, there is a community of sessile oak and hornbeam with butcher's broom (Rusco-Querco-Carpinetum), as well as mountain beech forests with lime (Tilia-fagetum submontanum) of high value, and their protection should be a high priority, while multispectral analysis can improve their monitoring and support forest managers in decision-making. In this paper we use multispectral data collected by the Sentinel-2 satellite and downloaded from the Copernicus Data Space Ecosystem Service. NDVI - Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, NDRE - Normalized Differenece Red Edge Vegetation Index and NDMI - Normalized Difference Moisture Index of the Fruska gora National Park area are calculated in the open software Q-gis in 10 meter and 20 meter spatial resolution for specific days selected according to the degree of cloud cover at the time of satellite observations and other meteorological conditions. All three indices are based on the values of the red, red edge, shortwave infrared and infrared spectra. The values of the indices depend on the vegetation conditions. Higher values indicate better vegetation condition, lower values indicate drought, which could be the result of dry periods, pest and disease outbreaks or certain phenological events in certain seasons. Low values could also indicate deforestation or dieback due to forest fires. The main objective of this paper is to investigate the variability of vegetation indices as a consequence of precipitation and air temperature changes. The observation period extends from 2017 to 2022.
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Drapeau, Pierre, Philippe Cadieux, Rejean Deschenes, and Louis Imbeau. "Changes in species interactions within the cavity-using community in managed forest landscapes of the boreal mixedwood forest in eastern Canada." In 5th European Congress of Conservation Biology. Jyvaskyla University Open Science Centre, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.17011/conference/eccb2018/107159.
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Stingaci, Aurelia, and Leonid Volosciuc. "Particularitățile identificării VPN și VG a Hyphantria Cunea prin aplicarea microscopiei optice și electronice." In International symposium ”Functional ecology of animals” dedicated to the 70th anniversary from the birth of academician Ion Toderas. Institute of Zoology, Republic of Moldova, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.53937/9789975315975.61.
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Biopesticides are mass-produced, biologically based agents used for the control of plant pests. They are an important part of integrated pest management (IPM), which aims to use complementary methods to manage pest populations at low levels, rather than eliminate them entirely. Biopesticides are being used on increasing scales and there is considerable interest in their potential as alternatives to conventional pesticides. Biopesticides have also attracted great interest in the international research community, with a significant increase in the number of publications devoted to the subject. At Institute of Genetics, Physiology and Plant Protection are prepared the bioinsecticides for use in Republic Moldova, mostly for the control. In order to reduce the population of insect it is recommended utilization of inoffensive preparations baculoviruses highlypathogenic for the leaf-champing vermis of the Hyphantria cunea, were selected from the insect natural populations which is an efficient preparation for combating this pest in agricultural, onamental and forest biocenosis. This study aimed to highlight new agents for biological control of pest. The results of the present study revealed the larvicidal potential of baculovirusess isolates found in the larvae of H. cunea, local production of biopesticides, which will reduce the final cost of the product and will more accessible to farmer.
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Musau, Violet. "Technological Approaches in Food Systems." In 3rd International Nutrition and Dietetics Scientific Conference. KENYA NUTRITIONISTS AND DIETICIANS INSTITUTE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.57039/jnd-conf-abt-2023-t.a.f.s-40.
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Introduction: Sustainable agriculture is directly linked to food sustainability. Sustainable agriculture is an integrated system of animal and plant production practices to provide enough human food, use resources efficiently, and effective farm operations. Food systems are a combination of all factors that are important for food security. The demand for sustainable, healthy produced food is greater than ever before. Technological approaches can help for the alignment of various issues such as availability, organization, and distribution of the current food. Technological innovations and advancements are essential in promoting sustainable food systems in Kenya. Scope: Technologies like precision farming which involve the combination of artificial technologies, the Internet of things and drones helps to collect, monitor and analyze big data. This helps farmers optimize land productivity and improve land productivity. The Food sector has been experimenting with novel ways to improve food production on existing land. For example, countries that are densely populated and lack fertile agricultural lands, like Singapore, Qatar, and UAE are considering other techniques like indoor farming. Methods like vertical farming require limited or no pesticide. The technology involves entirely insulated indoor operations. Crops are produced at multiple levels using electrical lighting, like light emitting diodes (LEDs). Technologies such as alternative proteins include plant-based or lab-grown meat. These methods offer sustainable ways of meat production. Personalized nutrition and diets are also an emerging trend. This is because the scientific community has revealed that different people’s bodies react differently to the same type of food. Some organizations use continuous monitoring devices to track blood levels of vitamins, glucose, and more. Objective: This study aims to address the question of how technological innovations can impact and transform food systems. Findings: Alternative proteins can help manage the rising meat demand in a sustainable manner. Mobile applications monitor and can creating personalized diet plans based on different types of health, and genetics. These applications can also connect the farmer to the market and the expected weather forecasts. Technological approaches in food systems offer solutions for many challenges faced in the value chain and agriculture. They also have great potential to improve our food systems. Conclusion: It is imperative that the government and various organizations work together to incorporate technology in finding solutions to creating a sustainable food system.
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Ng, Clement Kok Peng, Rena Alia Ramdzani, and Yong Han Seah. "Triumph of The Digital Twin Frontier: An Odyssey Unleashing Integrated Asset Modelling for Intelligent Well & Reservoir Management." In APOGCE 2024. SPE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/221153-ms.
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Abstract Mubadala Energy commenced the Intelligent Well/Reservoir Management digital project initiative in mid-May 2023, spearheaded by the Subsurface team in collaboration with SLB Digital & Integration Team. The goal of the Intelligent Well/Reservoir Management digital project was to create a digital twin version of the offshore platform and to incorporate automated modelling features into the digital twin. Mubadala Energy operated field, "LFS" in Malaysia was selected as the candidate for involvement with this digital project. Mubadala Energy operates the "LFS" field in Central Luconia, off the coast of Sarawak, Malaysia. The "LFS" field is a gas condensate reservoir that started production in early 2022 and produces up to a daily gas production of 600 MMscf/d. The key technical aims for this digitalization project are to perform analytics to manage the subsurface uncertainties and to promote prudent reservoir management practices. The expectation of the business unit is to have a seamless integrated production modelling system from the reservoir to the export stream. Coupled with such initiatives, the project encompasses mainly building physics models for Subsurface, Production and Facilities, and integrating them into a common platform. These three key components of Subsurface, Production and Facilities domain each constitute their own dedicated calibrated model. The challenge is then to ensure that the integrated model platform is seamless, customizable and operationally functional. This paper presents the layout of the overall digitalization project for a new producing field and highlights the key architecture of an "intelligent" integration of asset modelling from both the operator and technology provider's perspectives, providing a holistic and balanced view to the reader. The business driver is to maximize operational efficiency and to create a safe operating environment using digitalization tools. This paper details the intelligent well and reservoir modelling steps, which consists of an Automated Objectives-Driven Workflow (AODW) and explains how these workflows are implemented in a real producing asset environment. From a broader overview perspective, the digitalization project involves integrating various tools into a common platform (i.e., Integrated Asset Modelling - IAM) and creating automated workflows to assist the asset team in well and reservoir management. The paper will also describe how the IAM model is further incorporated into the existing database system of a producing field that utilizes PI information, and subsequently how all these information is then migrated and displayed in a customized Asset Overview (AO) Dashboard. Using the IAM and AO tools, the authors will demonstrate how these tools are being employed for production forecasting and reservoir surveillance purposes. In addition, this paper outlines tangible operational benefits from having an integrated asset modelling tool and finally will highlight some key lessons learned. With the sharing of this information and experience, the authors hope to advance the knowledge bank of the petroleum engineering community. For the Subsurface modelling scope, an updated numerical reservoir model was constructed with the objective to mimic the behaviour of "LFS" field and to generate production forecasts for this field. This reservoir model was built with existing wells coupled with an infill well and was historically matched against actual field production data. The output from the reservoir model was then fed into the production network model. At this stage, a production network model was built to commingle all the reservoir and well production streams into a single stage production separator/sink. Subsequently, the production network model output was then fed into a surface engineering process simulator which, allows a classical surface process engineering material and energy balance simulation to be carried out. The integration of all the Subsurface, Production and Surface model was attained through an Integrated Asset Modelling tool (IAM). In this case, the IAM is utilized to map and integrate all the Subsurface, Production and Facility models which led to the creation of a powerful integrated asset management tool. Towards this end, real-time insights are achieved through the digital twin solution via an Asset Overview dashboard display, enabling stakeholders to access real-time information on asset performance through immediate data exchange, which marks Mubadala Energy's first-ever digital field deployment.
Reports on the topic "Community managed forests"
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Karky, B. S., K. Banskota, and M. Skutsch. Reducing Carbon Emissions Through Community-managed Forests in the Himalaya. International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD), 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.53055/icimod.478.
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Karky, B. S., K. Banskota, and M. Skutsch. Reducing Carbon Emissions Through Community-managed Forests in the Himalaya. International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD), 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.53055/icimod.478.
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Clemens, Cody, Michael Bell, Emmi Felker-Quinn, Michael Bell, Cody Clemens, and Emmi Felker-Quinn. Applying mycorrhizal critical loads of nitrogen to US federal lands containing forested and Mediterranean shrubland ecosystems. National Park Service, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2305249.
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Mycorrhizal fungi (MF) play a crucial role within ecosystems by forming mutually symbiotic relationships where they share water, carbon, nutrients, and other benefits with plants they have inoculated. Since these plant communities depend on MF for survival, the status of MF communities can be used as a proxy for the health of the plants they support. Anthropogenic nitrogen (N) deposition can disrupt the symbiotic relationship between the plants and MF by causing a shift in mycorrhizal community composition, and in turn a shift in the plant structure within an ecosystem. Lilleskov et al. (2019) summarized recent research on critical loads (CLs) of N for a shift from N-sensitive to N-tolerant mycorrhizal and tree communities, setting CLs to protect conifer-associated MF (5?6 kg-N ha-1 yr-1), and broadleaf-associated MF (10?20 kg-N ha-1 yr-1). Allen et al. (2016) developed CLs of N for shifts in arbuscular MF communities in California coastal sage scrub which contribute to the conversion of native shrubland to exotic annual grassland (10?11 kg-N ha-1 yr-1). Here we apply the CL-N for forest mycorrhizae to forested areas in the contiguous United States (CONUS), and the CL-N for southern California shrubland mycorrhizae to shrublands and grasslands within the Mediterranean ecoregion of California. The National Atmospheric Deposition Program (NADP) Total Deposition model (TDep) for total N deposition from 2018?2020 (v2018.02) is used to calculate exceedances of the CLs and evaluate potential risk to forest health. The areas of exceedance are calculated for all units within CONUS managed by the Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS), National Park Service (NPS), and Forest Service (USFS). Within CONUS, 68% of federal land managed by the three agencies is forest: 76% is conifer, 17% is broadleaf, and 7% is a mixture of both tree communities. The USFS manages 93% of this forested land, and 30% of USFS forests are in exceedance of CLs-N for MF. The NPS manages a smaller portion of federal forested land at 6%, with exceedance occurring in 29% of that area. The FWS controls only 1% of forested land but has exceedance of CLs in 43% of that area. Within Mediterranean California (CA), 29% of federal land managed by the three agencies is shrubland or grassland. Federal shrublands are in exceedance of the CL-N for MF in 25% of the area. The USFS manages 91% of federal shrublands in Mediterranean CA, with 27% of USFS CA shrublands in exceedance of the CL. The NPS manages 8% of federal shrublands in Mediterranean CA, of which only 3% is experiencing exceedance. The FWS is only responsible for 1% federal shrublands in Mediterranean CA, with exceedance occurring in 22% of that area. This analysis shows the effects that N deposition has on forest and shrubland ecosystems occurring within federal lands across CONUS. Knowing the extent of exceedance observed within federal lands informs natural resource management. On smaller scales, this analysis enables federal land managers to better understand what is happening on their lands, effectively guiding local management decisions. On larger scales, the analysis outlines a portion of the overall effects that N deposition has on ecosystems within CONUS, providing policymakers with the scientific evidence required to support future policy actions aimed at protecting natural resources.
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Archibeque, Ben, Kari O'Connell, Isabel Delgado, Christopher Nytch, Nancy Merlo, and Emily Ortiz Franco. Public Engagement with Science at Luquillo-Long-Term Ecological Research Program: Results from a Case Study. Oregon State University, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5399/osu/1174.
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The goals of this work are to a) understand community perspectives related to public engagement with science and the Luquillo Long Term Ecological Research (LUQ-LTER) program, b) enhance existing relationships within these communities, and c) illuminate opportunities for establishing new relationships between the LUQ-LTER program and its surrounding community. We share results from our case study that includes three methods of data collection: interviews with natural resource managers, a community conversation activity with 12 local community organizations, and a survey given at a public outreach event at El Portal de El Yunque. From interviews with natural resource managers, we learned they are looking for collaborations which directly benefit the resources they manage (forests, water, etc.), and they are also hoping for more formal communication structures between them and the LUQ-LTER. Sixty percent of the organizations at the Community Conversation shared that the most valuable outcome was learning that LUQ-LTER existed .All participants expressed interest in collaborating with the LUQ-LTER and said that LUQ-LTER’s long term ecological data could be beneficial for them to use and LUQ-LTER could be a productive context to share data they gather to heighten utility in all directions. From a survey given at the International Day of Forests Celebration, we learned that most people present at the activity came to the El Yunque National Forest to learn about the forest, spend time with family, or enjoy the forest. We also learned that during previous visits to El Yunque, they most commonly either day hiked or visited a geographical feature (waterfall or observation tower). When asked about which activities they would like to have happen in the future in El Yunque, most people indicated high levels of interest in having educational activities (like festivals or flora and fauna workshops), workshops or training on environmental issues, and night tours. The volunteer opportunities for which the most people indicated highest levels of interest were trail, camp, and related maintenance as well as fish and wildlife opportunities. Overall, everyone we talked to was interested in more collaboration and working together in the future, giving the LUQ-LTER program an excellent starting point for building stronger relationships with the community surrounding their site.
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Leis, Sherry, Mike DeBacker, Lloyd Morrison, Gareth Rowell, and Jennifer Haack. Vegetation community monitoring protocol for the Heartland Inventory and Monitoring Network: Narrative, Version 4.0. Edited by Tani Hubbard. National Park Service, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2294948.
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Native and restored plant communities are part of the foundation of park ecosystems and provide a natural context to cultural and historical events in parks throughout the Heartland Inventory and Monitoring Network (HTLN). Vegetation communities across the HTLN are primarily of three types: prairie, woodland, and forest. Park resource managers need an effective plant community monitoring protocol to guide the development and adaptation of management strategies for maintaining and/or restoring composition and structure of prairies, woodland, and forest communities. Our monitoring design attempts to balance the needs of managers for current information and the need for insight into the changes occurring in vegetation communities over time. This monitoring protocol consists of a protocol narrative (this document) and 18 standard operating procedures (SOPs) for monitoring plant communities in HTLN parks. The scientific objectives of HTLN plant community monitoring are to (1) describe the species composition, structure, and diversity of prairie, woodland, and forested communities; (2) determine temporal changes in the species composition, structure and diversity of prairie, woodland, and forested communities; and (3) determine the relationship between temporal and spatial changes and environmental variables, including specific management practices where possible. This protocol narrative describes the sampling design for plant communities, including the response design (data collection methods), spatial design (distribution of sampling sites within a park), and revisit design (timing and frequency of monitoring visits). Details can be found in the SOPs, which are listed in the Revision History section and available at the Integrated Resource Management Applications (IRMA) website (irma.nps.gov). Other aspects of the protocol summarized in the narrative include procedures for data management and reporting, personnel and operating requirements, and instructions for how to revise the protocol.
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Zimmerman, Ephraim, and Staphanie Perles. Vegetation monitoring in relation to white-tailed deer browsing in First State National Historical Park: 2021 summary report. National Park Service, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2299655.
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Baseline information on canopy regeneration and plant community composition is needed in order to better understand white-tailed deer browsing impacts at First State National Historical Park (FRST). In 2021, the Pennsylvania Natural Heritage Program (PNHP) established 20 permanent vegetation monitoring plots following methods developed by the NPS Eastern Rivers and Mountains Network (ERMN) to assess and monitor trends in vegetation (Perles et al. 2014b; Perles et al. 2017). These protocols provided an efficient method of assessing the current status of native and non-native vegetation and deer browsing impact. This report documents the methodology used to quantify the vegetative composition of natural areas at FRST and provides a summary of the data collected in the first year of monitoring. This first year’s activities (2021) included the initial baseline vegetation assessment and summary of results from the baseline data analysis. A variety of metrics used to assess the impact of deer browsing on the vegetation were calculated and are presented. A second survey is proposed for 2024. PNHP used the NPS ERMN database and analysis methods (Perles et al. 2014b) to summarize the condition in year 1 (2021). In year 4 (2024), PNHP will investigate changes in the condition of browse-sensitive understory plants and tree seedlings. Plots occurred in a variety of settings, ranging from younger successional communities to more mature forest stands. Seventy-five percent (75%) of the plots occurred in Mature or Late Successional forests. Disturbances and stressors, such as deer browsing can strongly influence future forest structure as open woodlands mature. A large population of white-tailed deer may severely impact succession from the open woodlands towards closed canopy forest. In closed canopy, later successional forests, a large deer population may inhibit canopy tree recruitment leading to regeneration failure. Given that FRST managers desire to maintain the landscape as forest, it is important to maintain an adequate number of seedlings and saplings of tree species to ensure the persistence of canopy of native tree species as Mature and Late Successional Forests continue to age. The 20 permanent sampling plots occurred within 5 plant communities described by Ebert (2016) and were classified using agglomerative hierarchical clustering (HAC analysis) and indicator species analysis. The most common plant communities within the group of sampling plots were the Mixed oak – beech forest and Mesic mixed tulip – oak-hickory-beech forest. The remaining plots were found in successional Tuliptree woodland, Successional woodland, and Thicket types. All plots were assigned to these types described in Ebert (2016) and crosswalked to the National Vegetation Classification (USNVC). A total of 128 plant species were recorded from the 20 plots at FRST. Eighteen (18) species were found in over ½ of the plots surveyed, of which eight (8) were non-native. In all, 29 plants occurring in the plots (23% of total species richness) were considered introduced (non-native). Non-native plant cover ranged from 0–98% as measured in the monitoring plot quadrats. Indicators of deer browsing varied by plant community type at FRST. In general, the drier Mixed oak – beech forests showed substantially greater impact of deer browsing and fewer seedlings of canopy species in the understory. FRST monitoring protocols focus on a few plant species considered as preferred food for white-tailed deer. Sustained browsing may be affecting long-term viability of these species within the parks. Based on the status of these regeneration metrics in FRST, we suggest that the forest in FRST are in imminent regeneration failure. We define imminent failure as parks that are experiencing severe regeneration failure and are at risk of forest loss due to very low seedling and sapling abundance, as well as species mismatches between canopy and regeneration layers. Given the poor regeneration of canopy species across all community types at FRST, managers should seek opportunities to conduct adaptive management in the park’s forests, especially mixed oak – beech forest, to experiment with and monitor the effects of fire, browse exclosures, and canopy thinning to encourage native canopy tree regeneration.
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Phuong, Vu Tan, Nguyen Van Truong, Do Trong Hoan, Hoang Nguyen Viet Hoa, and Nguyen Duy Khanh. Understanding tree-cover transitions, drivers and stakeholders’ perspectives for effective landscape governance: a case study of Chieng Yen Commune, Son La Province, Viet Nam. World Agroforestry, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5716/wp21023.pdf.
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Integrated landscape management for sustainable livelihoods and positive environmental outcomes has been desired by many developing countries, especially for mountainous areas where agricultural activities, if not well managed, will likely degrade vulnerable landscapes. This research was an attempt to characterize the landscape in Chieng Yen Commune, Son La Province in Northwest Viet Nam to generate knowledge and understanding of local conditions and to propose a workable governance mechanism to sustainably manage the landscape. ICRAF, together with national partners — Vietnamese Academy of Forest Sciences, Soil and Fertilizer Research Institute — and local partners — Son La Department of Agriculture and Rural Development, Son La Department of Natural Resources and Environment, Chieng Yen Commune People’s Committee — conducted rapid assessments in the landscape, including land-use mapping, land-use characterization, a household survey and participatory landscape assessment using an ecosystem services framework. We found that the landscape and peoples’ livelihoods are at risk from the continuous degradation of forest and agricultural land, and declining productivity, ecosystem conditions and services. Half of households live below the poverty line with insufficient agricultural production for subsistence. Unsustainable agricultural practices and other livelihood activities are causing more damage to the forest. Meanwhile, existing forest and landscape governance mechanisms are generally not inclusive of local community engagement. Initial recommendations are provided, including further assessment to address current knowledge gaps.
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Ruisi-Besares, Pia, Matthias Sirch, Alyx Belisle, et al. Technical Report on Assembling Indicators to Monitor Climate-Driven Change in Northeastern Forests. Forest Ecosystem Monitoring Cooperative, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18125/99o4tq.
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Forest ecosystems are experiencing the impacts of climate change in many forms, however, comprehensive monitoring efforts are not always available to identify changing baselines. In order to improve our understanding of the impacts of climate change on ecosystem processes, the FEMC developed the Forest Impacts of Climate Change: Monitoring Indicators tool (Version 1.0). The Forest Impacts of Climate Change: Monitoring Indicators tool was developed for use by researchers and professionals to be able to easily access protocols used to monitor high priority indicators of the impacts of climate change in New England and New York. The monitoring protocols provide information for landowners and managers to implement their own monitoring programs that will be comparable to other studies being conducted across the region. By centralizing information about this network of monitoring sites, more data will become available to the community to help discern how forest ecosystems are changing. This report describes the methods and implementation used to build this tool. To develop the Forest Impacts of Climate Change: Monitoring Indicators tool, FEMC formed a committee of partners to select indicators and provide guidance about the literature review and eventual tool. The committee identified four ecological categories as important for monitoring climate change in the Northeast: Wildlife, Forest Systems, Trees, and Aquatic Systems. FEMC identified who is currently conducting monitoring efforts, what monitoring protocols are available for replication, gaps in monitoring data, and how we can make data and monitoring information easily available so that land managers can have the most up-to -date information possible. The developed tool compiles over 350 studies across 24 different indicators of the impacts of climate change. Through a filterable webtool users can find these studies, as well as 168 replicable protocols to direct implementation. The tool helps to identify gaps in monitoring efforts and provides a platform for users to contribute to regionally cohesive datasets. Monitoring of indicators across systems is critical for tracking and understanding climate change impacts. The Forest Impacts of Climate Change: Monitoring Indicators tool, developed for use by researchers, professionals, and land managers across the region, lets users find methods and protocols for monitoring climate change impacts and see where these monitoring efforts are already being conducted in our region. In addition, you can quickly visualize where there are gaps in our monitoring. As contributors in the Cooperative region share more information about their own monitoring efforts, this will become available to the community through this tool, increasing our ability to track and identify change in our forested ecosystems.
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Boyle, M. Terrestrial vegetation monitoring at Kennesaw Mountain National Battlefield Park: 2021 data summary. National Park Service, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2301001.
Full textAbstract:
The Southeast Coast Network (SECN) conducts long-term terrestrial vegetation monitoring as part of the NPS Inventory and Monitoring Program. The vegetation community vital sign is one of the primary-tier resources identified by SECN park managers, and monitoring is conducted at 15 network parks (DeVivo et al. 2008). Monitoring plants and their associated communities over time allows for targeted understanding of ecosystems within the SECN geography, which provides managers information about the degree of change within their parks? natural vegetation. 2021 was the first year of conducting monitoring at Kennesaw Mountain National Battlefield Park (KEMO). Fourteen vegetation plots were established throughout the park from July through August. Data collected in each plot included species richness across multiple spatial scales, species-specific cover and constancy, species-specific woody stem seedling/sapling counts and adult trees (greater than 10 centimeters [3.9 inches {in}]) diameter at breast height (DBH), overall tree health, landform, soil, observed disturbance, and woody biomass (i.e., fuel load) estimates. This report summarizes the baseline (year 1) terrestrial vegetation data collected at Kennesaw Mountain National Battlefield Park in 2021. Data were stratified across two dominant broadly defined habitats within the park, Piedmont Upland Forests and Shrublands; and Piedmont Open Uplands and Woodlands. Noteworthy findings include: 184 vascular plant taxa (species or lower) were observed across 14 vegetation plots, including 27 species not previously documented within the park. The most frequently encountered species in each broadly defined habitat included: Piedmont Open Uplands and Woodlands: wafer-ash (Ptelea trifoliata var. mollis), white fringe-tree (Chionanthus virginicus), winged elm (Ulmus alata), hog plum (Prunus umbellata), Virginia creeper (Parthenocissus quinquefolia), and blackseed speargrass (Piptochaetium avenaceum). Piedmont Upland Forests and Shrublands: loblolly pine (Pinus taeda), tuliptree (Liriodendron tulipifera var. tulipifera), black cherry (Prunus serotina var. serotina), muscadine (Muscadinia rotundifolia var. rotundifolia), Virginia creeper, and cat greenbrier (Smilax glauca). Fourteen non-native species categorized as invasive by the Georgia Exotic Pest Plant Council (GA-EPPC 2023) were encountered within the park during monitoring. Chinese privet (Ligustrum sinense) was the most frequently encountered and abundant invasive plant within the park. Two species of special concern listed for Georgia (GADNR 2023) were observed during monitoring and included green, or Missouri, rock cress (Boechera missouriensis) and Stone Mountain mint (Pycnanthemum curvipes). Northern red oak (Quercus rubra), winged elm, and eastern redcedar (Juniperus virginiana) were the most dominant species within the tree stratum of Piedmont Open Uplands and Woodlands of Kennesaw Mountain National Battlefield Park; loblolly pine, sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua) and tuliptree were the most dominant species of Piedmont Upland Forests and Shrublands. Chinese privet was the most abundant species within the seedling stratum of Piedmont Open Upland and Woodland sites. Heavy browsing impacts by white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) were observed within the upland forests of Kennesaw Mountain National Battlefield Park. Long-term monitoring of vegetation structure and composition within the park can be used to determine forest regeneration patterns as they relate to changes in browsing pressure. Other threats to native vegetation within the park are (1) the high prevalence of non-native, invasive plant species, and (2) fire suppression within oak-hickory and pine-oak xeric and intermediate forests. Long-term monitoring data will aid in understanding how these threats over time impact the park?s forest communities. All plots monitored during this sampling are scheduled to be resampled in 2025.
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Boyle, M., and Elizabeth Rico. Terrestrial vegetation monitoring at Fort Matanzas National Monument: 2019 data summary. National Park Service, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrds-2293409.
Full textAbstract:
The Southeast Coast Network (SECN) conducts long-term terrestrial vegetation monitoring as part of the nationwide Inventory and Monitoring Program of the National Park Service (NPS). The vegetation community vital sign is one of the primary-tier resources identified by SECN park managers, and it is currently conducted at 15 network parks (DeVivo et al. 2008). Monitoring plants and their associated communities over time allows for targeted understanding of ecosystems within the SECN geography, which provides managers information about the degree of change within their parks’ natural vegetation. 2019 marks the first year of conducting this monitoring effort at four SECN parks, including Fort Matanzas National Monument (FOMA). Nine vegetation plots, located on Anastasia and Rattlesnake Islands, were established at Fort Matanzas National Monument in June. Data collected in each plot included species richness across multiple spatial scales, species-specific cover and constancy, species-specific woody stem seedling/sapling counts and adult tree (greater than 10 centimeters [3.9 inches {in}]) diameter at breast height (DBH), overall tree health, landform, soil, observed disturbance, and woody biomass (i.e., fuel load) estimates. This report summarizes the baseline (year 1) terrestrial vegetation data collected at Fort Matanzas National Monument in 2019. Data were stratified across two dominant broadly defined habitats within the park (Maritime Upland Forests/Shrublands and Maritime Open Uplands). Noteworthy findings include: Eighty-two vascular plant taxa (species or lower) were observed across nine vegetation plots, including eight species not previously documented within the park. The most frequently encountered species in each broadly defined habitat included: Maritime Upland Forests and Shrublands: saw palmetto (Serenoa repens), yaupon (Ilex vomitoria), southern/eastern red cedar (Juniperus silicicola + virginiana), American beautyberry (Callicarpa americana), and American burnweed (Erectites hieraciifolius). Maritime Open Uplands: sea oats (Uniola paniculata), earleaf greenbriar (Smilax auriculata), and dixie sandmat (Euphorbia bombensis). ne non-native species, Brazilian pepper (Schinus terebinthifolia), categorized as invasive by the Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council (FLEPPC 2019) was encountered in one Maritime Upland Forest and Shrubland plot during this monitoring effort. There were not any rare plants tracked by the Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services (FDACS 2020) found during this monitoring effort. All plants located in these monitoring plots are fairly common throughout Florida, as well as across the Southeast Coast. Three species observed, however, are on the FDACS 2020 list of commercially exploited plants within the state. These include saw palmetto, cinnamon fern (Osmundastrum cinnamomeum), and coontie (Zamia integrifolia var. umbrosa). Southern/eastern red cedar and cabbage palmetto (Sabal palmetto) were the most dominant species within the tree stratum of the Maritime Upland Forest and Shrubland habitat type. Species that dominated the sapling and seedling strata of this type included yaupon and cabbage palmetto. More than 75% of the trees measured in the parks Maritime Upland Forest and Shrubland habitat type were alive and experiencing healthy vigor. Of the 22 trees that were dead, more than 50% of those were southern/eastern red cedar. Most of those individuals that were observed with moderate or severe decline and greater than 50% dieback were southern/eastern red cedars. Although red bay (Persea borbonia) was identified as one of the “principal understory tree” species within Fort Matanzas National Monument’s maritime forests in 2004 (Zomlefer et al. 2004), tree-sized individuals were rarely detected on plots during this monitoring effort. This may be in part due to the detection of laurel wilt disease within St. Johns County in 2006 (USDA 2021). Based on the low detection...