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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Community nutrition'
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1
Flamm, Laura Jayne. "Fair Food: Justice and Sustainability in Community Nutrition." Miami University Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=muhonors1270965544.
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Velasco, Maritza. "The beach community wellness program fitness and nutrition manual." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10065203.
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Underserved populations suffer the highest rates of overweight and obesity. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, African Americans have the highest obesity rates followed by Latinos (47.8% and 42.5% respectively). In the City of Long Beach, 40.9% of adults are overweight and 24.6% are considered obese. Overweight and obesity are major risk factors that contribute to chronic diseases. In an effort to help curtail these unhealthy trends, The Beach Community Wellness Program (BCWP) was created. During the second year of the program’s implementation, the author realized additional resources could help supplement the classes being offered. The purpose of this project was to create a free fitness and nutrition manual for the BCWP participants. The manual is divided into two parts; fitness information to help increase participant’s daily levels of physical activity and nutrition guidelines to help improve their eating habits. Recommendations for future BCWP manuals are provided.
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Smith, David Frederick. "Nutrition in Britain in the twentieth century." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/27416.
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The study is initially concerned with the origins and development of different approaches to nutrition science in Britain during the first three decades of the twentieth century. The contrasting approaches are shown to embody alternative "styles of thought" in the sense used by Karl Mannheim. An account of the work of the Advisory Committee on Nutrition of the Ministry of Health (founded 1931) is then given. The conflicts which occured during the deliberations of the Committee are interpreted as conflicts between those who advanced the contrasting "styles of thought." The focus of attention then shifts to the foundation and development of the Nutrition Society (1941). The disputes which occured in the Nutrition Society during its early years are shown to be largely concerned with alternative notions of the application of nutritional knowledge. Developments in the Society after the war, it is suggested, must be understood against the background of the post -war reaction against the "social relations of science movement ". The foundation of the first Nutrition Degree in 1953 at the Nutrition Department at Queen Elizabeth College of the University of London, is then considered. A hypothesis is presented which suggests an explanation of certain important features of the professional ideology of nutrition which has been associated with the College.
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Hatsu, Irene. "Effect of the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) and Nutrition Education on Nutrition and Health Outcomes of HIV+ Individuals." FIU Digital Commons, 2013. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/924.
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Factors associated with and barriers to participation in Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) and the effect participation has on food security, nutrition status, disease status and quality of life was investigated in a cross-sectional study including 175 HIV infected individuals. In addition, the effect of a targeted nutrition education on nutrition knowledge, readiness to dietary behavior change, nutrition status, disease status and quality of life was also investigated among a subset of the population (N = 45) in a randomized clinical control trial.
SNAP participation rate was 70.3%, similar to the State of Florida and national participation rates. SNAP participation was positively and independently associated with being born in the US (P < 0.001), having monthly income less than $1000 (P = 0.006), and receiving antiretroviral treatment (P < 0.001). Participation barriers include denial of participation by program, recent incarceration, living in a shelter where participation is not allowed and unawareness of eligibility status. In regression analyses, SNAP participation was not significantly associated with improved food security, nutrition status, disease status and health related quality of life (HRQOL). Over half (56%) of the population experienced food insecurity and had inadequate intakes of half of the nutrients assessed. Illicit drug, alcohol and cigarette use were high in this population (31%, 55% and 63% respectively), and affected food security, nutrients intake, disease status and HRQOL. The nutrition education intervention resulted in a trend towards improvements nutrition knowledge, self-efficacy, and readiness to change without impacting nutrition status, disease state and quality of life.
Food insecurity and other nutrition related issues, with implications for treatment, management and cost of HIV disease, continue to plague infected individuals living in poverty. More resources, including food and nutrition programs, specifically targeted towards this population are needed to address these issues.
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Durr, Anna Caroline. "CULTURAL SENSITIVITY IN COOPERATIVE EXTENSION NUTRITION EDUCATION PROGRAMMING IN KENTUCKY." UKnowledge, 2018. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/foodsci_etds/63.
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The purpose of this mixed methods study was to learn how cultural sensitivity was integrated and perceived in community nutrition education of an existing program offered by the University of Kentucky Cooperative Extension Service Nutrition Education Program. Data collection consisted of a quantitative cultural competence assessment survey tool used with nutrition education paraprofessionals (n=74), qualitative in-depth interviews of nutrition education paraprofessionals (n=8) and focus groups of Hispanic/Latino nutrition education program participants (n=39). Findings were focused in three areas; the cultural sensitivity needs of the program, the perception of nutrition education by participants and the training and professional development needs of nutrition education paraprofessionals. Among the cultural sensitivity needs of the program identified were curriculum resource needs, community referral needs, the importance of community partnerships and the importance of incorporation of children in nutrition education were identified. Among the training and professional development needs of nutrition education paraprofessionals, a need for Hispanic cultural education, language services education and chronic disease education were reported. The value of cross-cultural exchange and the need for chronic disease education in relation to dietary habits were identified by the participant focus group findings.
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Rood, Rachel Taylor. "Nutritional Screening of Utah Rural and Urban Elderly." DigitalCommons@USU, 1994. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/5425.
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The population of Americans over age 65 is expected to increase from a reported 12 percent in 1988 to 22 percent by the year 2030. Nutrition screening and intervention can help combat the rising need for health care and other services among the elderly by preventing or delaying disability and dependency.
This study was designed to determine the degree of nutritional risk present within the elderly population in rural and urban areas in the state of Utah by conducting an initial nutrition screening using the Determine Your Nutritional Health checklist developed by the Nutrition Screening Initiative. Congregate meal sites were stratified according to urbanization and fifteen centers were selected from both rural and urban counties. Congregate meal participants present at the site completed a Determine Your Nutritional Health checklist and survey asking additional demographic data including age, sex, marital status, living situation, frequency of participation in congregate meals, and if they had previously used the checklist.
A total of 838 valid surveys was collected from 29 congregate meal sites throughout the state of Utah. Fifty-seven percent of participants scored in the "good nutritional health" category, 27.7 percent were at moderate nutrition risk, and 15.4 percent scored in the high nutrition risk category.
Nutrition risk category was significantly associated with gender, marital status, and cohabitation status. Women, unmarrieds, and individuals living alone scored more frequently in a higher nutrition risk category.
Results of this study reflect influences on nutrition risk found in a sample of congregate meal participants in the state of Utah. These results can help the state of Utah identify the common risk factors within this segment of its population, i.e. gender, marital status, cohabitation status, acute/chronic disease, eating alone, and polypharmacy, to plan education and/or intervention for individuals who are at risk.
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Hamadani, J. D. "Effect of psychosocial stimulation on mental development of malnourished children attending community nutrition centres of Bangladesh Integrated Nutrition Program." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2004. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1446791/.
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This thesis concerns a randomised-controlled trial of the effects of adding psychosocial stimulation to the nutritional treatment of the malnourished children on their development and behaviour. The effect on their mothers' knowledge of parenting was also examined. Moderately and severely malnourished children attending 20 Community Nutrition Centres (CNC) of the Bangladesh Integrated Nutrition Programme (BINP) were enrolled in the study. Subsequently, the CNCs were randomly assigned to intervention and control groups and the malnourished children attending the intervention CNCs participated in an intervention for one year. Another group of adequately nourished children, matched for age (6 months), gender and village was compared with the malnourished children. Preceding the intervention, focus group discussions were held with rural mothers to determine their knowledge and attitudes about child development and the information was used in the design of the intervention. The intervened children were visited at home biweekly and then weekly and mothers attended weekly group meetings at the CNCs. The mothers were shown how to play with their child in such a way as to promote good development. They were also shown how to make toys from the waste materials. On enrolment all children had their mental (MDI) and psychomotor (PDI) development assessed using the Revised Version of Bayley Scales of Infant Development (BSID-II). Their behaviour during the test was rated using Wolke's behaviour rating scale and mothers' knowledge of parenting, health, and hygiene was assessed. All children and mothers were re-evaluated at the end. The children's growth was monitored every three months throughout the study. The intervention significantly benefited mental development of malnourished children and their behaviour compared with the control malnourished children. Their psychomotor development was not affected. The malnourished children came from poorer homes than the adequately nourished children When socioeconomic variables were controlled, the malnourished children initially had significantly poorer levels of psychomotor development than the adequately nourished children. There was no significant difference in their mental development or behaviour. By the end of the study the control malnourished children had significantly lower scores from the adequately nourished children in both their mental and motor development. They also had poorer behaviour. In contrast, the intervened malnourished children were not significantly different in mental development and behaviour from the adequately nourished children but remained behind them in motor development. The mothers of intervened children showed benefits from intervention in knowledge of child rearing. Neither malnourished group improved in nutritional status during the year and the intervention had no effect on their nutritional status It may be concluded that it is feasible to integrate child development activities into the nutrition services in Bangladesh and it is an effective means of improving the development of malnourished children.
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Cheung, Winnie 1979. "Understanding factors affecting food intake in elderly women living in the community." Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=97929.
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Many community-dwelling seniors are reported to have inadequate dietary intakes. Factors affecting food intake have been studied mainly from the perspectives of health professionals. As the reasons for adequate food intake are complex, understanding the seniors' perspective could provide further help in understanding their needs.Three semi-structured interviews were conducted with each of eight community-dwelling women aged 73 to 91 who were at-risk of malnutrition. A qualitative analysis showed the women were reporting three essential aspects: struggling to maintain their independence (i.e., frustration with health care, stereotyping seniors, simplifying cooking); learning new ways of functioning (i.e., adapting to health limitations, simplifying meals etc) and; taking control (i.e., planning own meal and food supplies, monitoring health and keeping physically and mentally active). Finally, this qualitative research paradigm was useful and it demonstrated how careful listening could help to understand the individual needs of free-living seniors at risk of malnutrition.
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Wang, Miranda, and 王慕恩. "Nutritional interventions among community-dwelling frail elderly : a systematic review." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/193851.
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Background: The worldwide ageing demographic trend has resulted in a growing number of frail elderly who are in the last stages of autonomous living. Oral nutritional interventions for the frail elderly address the body’s natural weight loss, sometimes reversing weight loss, though the literature is not of one accord. No review of nutritional interventions has been conducted for community-dwelling frail elderly, who are most likely to benefit from these interventions and delay adverse outcomes.
Objective: (i) This systematic review analyzes results from randomized controlled trials of oral nutrition interventions for the community-dwelling frail elderly to determine their efficacy in making gains in nutritional and functional status.
(ii) The secondary objective is to analyze the quality of the studies in this review and draw conclusions for further areas of development in the field of nutrition in elderly care.
Methods: Randomized controlled trials of oral nutritional supplements were searched in The Cochrane Library and PubMed, and hand searched in reference lists of systematic reviews. These interventions targeted protein-energy deficiency and included oral supplementation or supplementation paired with exercise compared to a placebo or usual practice. Community-dwelling frail elderly not institutionalized or hospitalized were eligible. Studies targeting disease-specific elderly were excluded.
Results: Out of 120 search results, six trials were included in this review. A small weight gain from oral nutritional interventions among frail community-dwelling elderly was reported in five out of six studies. Functional status did not improve significantly with the interventions. Studies used unstandardized definitions and different ways to measure outcomes, resulting in heterogeneity.
Conclusions: The few and poor quality of studies demonstrates the need for more studies of better quality and homogeneity assessing oral nutritional interventions for nutritional and functional gain in frail elderly who are not yet suffering from adverse outcomes.published_or_final_version
Public Health
Master
Master of Public Health
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Hofe, Carolyn L. "Challenges and opportunities to rural nutrition education programs in Kentucky's superfund communities." Lexington, Ky. : [University of Kentucky Libraries], 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10225/886.
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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Kentucky, 2008.Title from document title page (viewed on October 30, 2008). Document formatted into pages; contains: vii, 63 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract and vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 56-62).
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Derakhshani, Hamadani Jena. "Effects of psychosocial stimulation on mental development of malnourished children attending community nutrition centres of the Bangladesh Integrated Nutrition Programme." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.415165.
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Singh, N. S. "Community-based and innovative technological approaches to improve child nutrition in India." Thesis, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (University of London), 2014. http://researchonline.lshtm.ac.uk/2030984/.
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Background: India is home to the largest number of underweight and stunted children in the world, but its national Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) programme has had negligible impact on the nutritional status of young infants. Aim: To use two innovative approaches – the Optifood tool and mobile phones – to strengthen counselling components of the ICDS programme to improve complementary feeding (CF) practices of 9-11 month old infants, in a rural district in Haryana state, Northern India. Methods: Optifood, a novel tool using linear programming analyses to formulate and evaluate food-based recommendations (FBRs), was used to strengthen existing ICDS FBRs. These FBRs were tested with mothers of young infants in a week-long trial, and promoted in a 6-week pilot test of a mobile phone-delivered (mHealth) intervention with 12 health workers and 60 mothers of 9-11 month old infants, using a before and after comparison. Evaluation of outcomes was based on Optifood analyses, 24-hour dietary recalls, food frequency questionnaires, open-ended structured questionnaires, an intervention development workshop, focus group discussions, and in-depth interviews. Results: Local food-based approaches are unable to meet recommended nutrient intakes (RNIs) for seven key nutrients. However, FBRs alone could ensure dietary adequacy (i.e. ≥65% Recommended Nutrient Intake) for at least six nutrients for most infants. In the trial to test FBRs, the proportion of mothers feeding their infants legumes, vegetables and fruit at endline was significantly greater (p<0.05) than at baseline; no significant increases in the proportion of mothers feeding their infants grains, dairy, fats or egg were reported. Mothers reported 19 barriers to following the promoted FBRs, which were used to develop motivating statements for their promotion in a mHealth intervention. The mHealth pilot test findings suggest that the intervention was convenient, feasible and acceptable. Based on self-report, health workers adhered to the planned contact of 20 mobile phone calls during the study period. Compared to baseline, there were significant increases (p<0.05) in the following at endline: (i) infants’ median servings per week of grains, legumes, fruit, and added fats; (ii) proportion of mothers reporting feeding eggs, undiluted milk and green leafy vegetables; (iii) proportion of infants meeting promoted FBRs for all foods except dairy; and (iv) maternal knowledge regarding food consistency. Conclusions: This is the first study to use linear programming analyses to strengthen existing governmental FBRs, and to use mobile phones for CF counselling. Findings suggest that additional, complementary intervention(s) are required to improve the micronutrient status of infants. While evidence from a randomised controlled trial is needed, study findings provide valuable insights into the utility of evidence-based FBRs and mobile phones to enhance the impact of ICDS and CF programming and research strategies in the study setting, and potentially globally.
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Mwirigi, Kiriinya, and Beenish Kamran. "Increasing Fruits and vegetable consumption among SNAP recipients through an innovative prescription program: Appalachian Farmacy." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2018. https://dc.etsu.edu/asrf/2018/schedule/213.
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Introduction:
Food insecurity prevalence in Washington County, TN is 14.3% yet 61% of SNAP eligible residents are food insecure. Food insecurity is associated with inadequate consumption of fruits and vegetables, as well as increased risk of chronic disease. Tennessee ranks 47th in the Nation with only 6.7% consuming the recommended fruits and vegetable intake. The Farmacy Pilot Program was developed to encourage increased consumption of produce and to reduce food insecurity among SNAP recipients.
Methods:
This program provided vouchers to SNAP recipients and their families to buy fresh fruits and vegetables at the farmers market and in the grocery store as a monthly prescription. Participants were recruited from a clinic and two community centers in Washington County. Participants were given $28 - $112 a month depending on household size. Participants were required to attend at least two nutrition classes. Baseline and 6-month follow up assessments were done of food intake patterns among 29 participants, and focus groups were held (n= 11) and a total of 22 interviews conducted. Mixed methods approach was used for analysis: survey data was analyzed on SPSS and thematic analysis conducted for the qualitative data.
Results:
Major themes that emerged were: decreased cost of produce, increased positive perception of fruits and vegetables, improved perception of their personal health after change in diet, and increased utilization of farmers markets. Barriers identified were cultural and language hurdles, market variability in cost and quality of produce, and transportation. Survey findings included increased intake of green vegetables (t= -2.13, p =.042). Other findings lacked statistical power to detect significance yet were of clinical significance: improvements in frequency of produce consumption, produce variety, and a reduction in food insecurity.
Discussion:
Providing additional funds targeted on fresh produce can increase food security and increased quantity, frequency and variety of fruits and vegetables consumed. Promoting utilization of farmers market offers a promising avenue for increased consumption of fresh produce and improved social connectedness in the community.
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Roberts, Karen C. "Predictors of nutritional risk in community-dwelling seniors." Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=99202.
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Proper nutrition can promote healthy aging by preventing disease and disability and thereby helping to maintain autonomy. Seniors are at risk of declining nutritional status as they age. We investigated medical, psychological, social and environmental characteristics as both predictors and correlates of elevated nutritional risk in community-dwelling seniors using data from a prospective study of 839 seniors aged 75 and over, in Montreal. At baseline, more than half (59%) of the participants were at elevated nutritional risk. Cross-sectional analyses supported the findings of previous research examining correlates of elevated nutritional risk. Longitudinal results showed that amongst those at low nutritional risk, only poor self-rated health was found to be a statistically significant predictor of elevated risk at 12-months (OR=3.30, p<0.05). The findings of this research highlight the need for longitudinal studies in order to better understand and target nutritional risk in community-dwelling seniors.
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Shawver, Gregory Wayne Jr. "The need for physician referral of low-income, chronic disease patients to free community nutrition education programs." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/36850.
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There is a high prevalence of chronic diseases and conditions among older, low-income individuals in the United States. It is well recognized that diet plays an important role in the management and prevention of chronic diseases. Despite this, primary-care physicians often do not provide adequate dietary counseling or appropriate nutrition referrals to this patient population.
Two surveys were conducted in Southwest and the western part of Central Virginia, one with 209 family practitioners and internists and the other with 57 low-income participants in the Food Stamp Nutrition Education Program (FSNEP). The FSNEP clients were aged 40 years or older, had been enrolled in FSNEP for four months or less, and had a diet-related chronic disease or condition.
Eighty-one percent of physicians reported that they provide nutrition advice to their chronic disease patients on a regular basis. Most physicians further stated that they make a limited number of referrals to registered dietitians and very few referrals to community nutrition education programs. FSNEP clients were generally dissatisfied with their primary-care physician's provision of nutrition information and indicated a desire for more dietary guidance.
Results indicate a need for primary-care physician referrals to free community nutrition education services that tailor their programs to the patient's socioeconomic situation. These referrals may improve the nutrition health of older, low-income patients and help manage their chronic diseases. Informational brochures need to be developed and distributed to primary-care physicians informing them of the positive attributes of free community nutrition education programs, such as FSNEP.Master of Science
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Fotheringham, A. F. "The role of organic molecules within an aquatic macrophyte/diatom epiphyte community." Thesis, University of Reading, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.370125.
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Shelton, Stephanie Michelle. "Implementing a Healthy Diet in the Intellectual Disability Residential Community." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/4986.
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The problem addressed in this study was how staff working in a residential agency for individuals with an intellectual disability (IID) make decisions about how to implement a healthy diet. The purpose of this study was to identify the influences on decisions made by staff on the meals they provided to their clients with an IID. The theory of planned was used to study the influences of attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavior control on the meals provided for IID. The key research question explored how staff members make decisions. A qualitative case study design was used. The 12 participants in the study represented 3 levels of personnel (cases) in a residential agency that served the IID population. Individual interviews were conducted, and within-case and across-case analyses were employed utilizing the theory to note similarities and differences in meal planning, preparation, and implementation. Pattern matching was used to compare results from the study with previous research findings. Results showed that clients had a greater influence over meal planning, preparation, and delivery, particularly those with higher cognitive levels. This was true across all levels in the agency and consistent with prior research. Recommendations for further study include studying similar agencies in different regions and whether providing staff with additional knowledge about meal planning makes a difference in meals provided to IID. Social change can be implemented by using the information from the study to develop a preliminary intervention plan to accommodate the needs of IID and assist staff in developing nutritious meals.
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Andrews, Deanida Wray. "A qualitative exploration of the impact of the Beach Community Wellness Program on nutrition educators and participants." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10254691.
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The purpose of this study was to explore the impact of the Beach Community Wellness Program (BCWP) nutrition lessons on participants and student nutrition educators. Evaluations of nutrition education interventions have indicated effectiveness at promoting healthy dietary behaviors in culturally diverse and low-income communities. However, qualitative investigations of such interventions are needed to better understand factors that facilitate behavior change. A focus group interview with participants (n=8) and individuals interviews with student educators (n=2) were used to explore program impacts and the experiences they had in the nutrition lessons. Themes generated from the focus group include nutrition knowledge, thoughts about food, social benefits, exercise and nutrition complementation, successful program components, gratitude, and lasting change. Nutrition educator interviews elicited the themes applied learning, facilitators and barriers of nutrition education, enjoyable experience, and perceptions of community nutrition. Demonstration of new recipes was a major positive remark held by participants. The success of the BCWP nutrition lessons can support the use of a model utilizing nutrition students as educators in a diverse community.
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Joshi, Shivali. "Let Food Be Our Medicine: Adaptation of Cultural Ethnographic Methods to Create Effective Nutrition Guidelines." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2019. https://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/2229.
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The Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGAs), established to combat the rise of chronic disease in America, serve as the primary source of current nutrition science in the U.S. These guidelines dictate nutrition policy, programming, and medical efforts nationwide. Rates of diet-related chronic disease, however, continue to increase, despite the efforts of the DGAs and subsequent programming. This is particularly prevalent in low income communities and communities of color. In examining the DGAs, we found a lack of relevant discussion regarding the impacts of cultural differences on nutritional health. Efforts to integrate culture were limited to static cultural competency discourse. Thus, we propose an alternative model to understanding cultural experiences within nutrition. An in-depth literature review revealed the importance of three elements as a part of the cultural ethnographic model: structural barriers and inequities, cultural consonance, and cultural healing methods. In an effort to apply this framework to a sample population, we looked at experiences of South Asian populations in and around the United States to create a survey format that incorporates ethnographic considerations into guidelines on nutrition.
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Beauchamp, Jacinthe. "How dietitians turn experience into knowledge about practice in community-based prenatal nutrition." Thesis, McGill University, 2004. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=18191.
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As a practicing dietitian, I am reminded by the dietetics and education literatures of just how important it is for me, and for the profession, to develop skills to continue to learn and improve practice. Although reflection is an integral step of professional development strategies in dietetics, little is known about it in our context. The study's purpose is to assist dietitians in their quest for continuous learning and improved practice by documenting experiences of dietitians and exploring the reflection process embedded in this data. Research questions guiding this exploration focused on 1) the process through which dietitians reflect on their practice, 2) the outcomes of dietitians' reflection on practice and, 3) conditions influencing dietitians' reflection. Reflection is defined as a process of turning experience into knowledge about practice and improving it. The study was designed based on grounded theory to allow for detailed exploration of dietitians' reflection and theory generation. Data collection consisted of a) a pilot study to determine effectiveness of instruments and procedures, b) formal interviews to document participant experiences and thinking during and following it, and, c) follow-up interviews to verify interpretation of data and to pursue themes arising from analysis. Interview questions invited participants to recall and relate a time when they experienced something uncertain, puzzling, surprising or satisfying, an experience in which learning about prenatal nutrition occurred or one that had an impact on their thinking or approach. Participants were six dietitians practicing in prenatal projects sponsored by community organizations or in prenatal initiatives of governmental departments, both of which targeted pregnant women facing challenging social, economic or cultural situations. Data analysis centered on identification of concepts and constant comparisons within and between participants. Study findings suggest participanLes litératures en diététique et en éducation nous rapellent, qu’en tant que diététiste, nous nous devons de développer les habiletés pour continuer à apprendre et pour améliorer notre pratique. Bien que la réflexion soit une étape intégrale des stratégies de développement professionnel en diététique, nous en savons peu sur ce processus dans notre domaine. Le but de cette étude est de faciliter l’apprentissage continu des diététistes et le développement de leur compétence. Dans ce but, des expériences de diététistes sont recueillies et le processus de réflexion contenu dans ces données est examiné. Les questions guidant cette exploration portent sur 1) le processus utilisé par des diététistes pour réfléchir à leur pratique, 2) le résultat des réflexions sur leur pratique et, 3) les conditions favorisant leur réflexion. La réflexion se définit comme un processus de transformation d’expériences en connaissances sur la pratique et d’amélioration. L’étude a été conçu selon la théorie ancrée puisque cette approche permet un examen détaillé des réflexions de diététistes et le développement d’une théorie. La collecte de données comprenaient a) une étude pilote pour déterminer l’efficacité des instruments ainsi que des procédures, b) des entrevues permettant de recueillir des expériences de participantes et leurs pensées pendant, et après une expérience, et, c) des suivis pour vérifier l’interprétation des données et explorer des thèmes ayant surgit lors de l’analyse. L’entrevue invitait les participantes à se remémorer et à détailler une situation incertaine, énigmatique, surprenante ou satisfaisante, une expérience ayant influencé le développment de leur savoir, leur conception ou leur approche en nutrition prénatale. Six diététistes, pratiquant en nutrition prénatale dans le cadre de projets d’organismes communautaires ou de programmes gouvernementaux ciblant$
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Ziaei, Shirin. "Women’s status and child nutrition : Findings from community studies in Bangladesh and Nicaragua." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Internationell mödra- och barnhälsovård (IMCH), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-302015.
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The importance of women’s status for child nutrition has recently been recognized. However, pathways through which women’s status can affect their caretaking practices and child nutrition have not been fully determined. The aim of this thesis was to evaluate associations between aspects of women’s status – including exposure to domestic violence and level of autonomy and social support – with their level of stress, feeding practices and child nutritional status in two different cultural settings: Bangladesh and Nicaragua. Data were acquired from population-based studies. For Study I we used data from the Bangladesh 2007 Demographic and Health Survey, and Study II was embedded in the 2009 Health and Demographic Surveillance System conducted in Los Cuatro Santos, rural Nicaragua. Studies III and IV were part of the MINIMat study, conducted in rural Bangladesh. In-person interviews were conducted and validated questionnaires were used in each of the studies. Anthropometric characteristics of the children were recorded based on standardized World Health Organization techniques. In Bangladesh, we found women with lifetime experience of domestic violence to be more likely to report emotional distress during pregnancy, cease exclusive breastfeeding before 6 months and have a stunted child. Further, we found a negative association between experience of domestic violence and duration of excusive breastfeeding to be mitigated with breastfeeding counseling. In Nicaragua, a lower level of maternal autonomy was associated with more appropriate breastfeeding practices such as higher odds of exclusive breastfeeding and longer continuation of breastfeeding. Further, a maternal lower level of social support was associated with better child nutritional status. In conclusion, this investigation showed that different dimensions of women’s status were associated with their feeding practices and child nutritional status and also revealed that the strength and direction of these associations may vary by the child’s age, setting and other contextual factors. These findings suggest that women’s status might have an important public health impact on child health and its role should be considered in programs and policies aiming to improve child health and nutrition.
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Glivar, Nicole. "Descriptive Study of the Nutrition Outcomes of a Community Program for Pregnant Women." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1429622134.
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Hochberg, Leah. "Urban Farm and Community Garden Hybrid Models: A Case Study of the Huerta del Valle Community Garden." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2014. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/320.
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This study examines models of community gardens and urban farms and determined a successful hybrid model for future implementation at the Huerta del Valle Community Garden. This was accomplished through analyzing the unique benefits and drawbacks of community gardens and urban farms as defined by the author, and then determining the components of each model that would maximize Huerta del Valle’s social and economic potential. Community gardens are defined in this thesis as places where community members can grow their own food in individual plots, and these spaces often contribute to community building, hands-on gardening education, and improved food access. Urban farms are defined as business models that produce food to sell to the community both to support the business and to improve community food access.
Through research of existing community garden, urban farm, and hybrid models, the author determined that the most effective hybrid model includes intensive crop production, crop sales onsite as well as in farmers’ markets and delivery methods, a large community garden, and education programs for the community. The author then offered Huerta del Valle a potential model that includes these components as well as a store front, cooking lessons, value-added products, a Community Supported Agriculture program, and specific themed gardening classes. This complete model will potentially increase Huerta del Valle’s scope so it is able to improve healthy food access throughout Ontario while creating an enduring economic model.
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Bronner, Elizabeth A. "NUTRITIONAL ASSESSMENT OF PRESCHOOL CHILDREN IN AN URBAN ECUADORIAN COMMUNITY." UKnowledge, 2015. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/foodsci_etds/31.
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Objectives: The goal of this project was to determine the nutritional needs of preschool age children to help guide intervention development. The research aims were 1) to examine and describe young child (ages one to five) nutritional status as it relates to key nutrients associated with stunting and wasting; 2) to determine what key macro- and micro-nutrient deficiencies (primarily iron and zinc) are associated with wasting and stunting.
Methodology:
Study sample: Sixty-seven families with children ages one to five who participating in routine health care clinic visits during the UK Shoulder to Shoulder Global health brigade visits.
Study design: A cross-sectional survey was conducted collecting demographic data, medical history, and dietary intake. Objective measures of height/length and weight were completed; and blood samples were drawn to measure serum micronutrient levels. Nutrition Data System for Research (NDSR) identified nutrient intakes for analytical comparison based on growth parameters. Nutritional and health status were compared to food security and World Health Organization growth reference points of standard deviations on Z-scores of height-for-age and weight-for-age.
Analyses: Chi Square, ANOVA, and binary logistic regression tests were run using Statistical Analysis System (SAS)
Results: Low serum levels of zinc and iron corresponded to low levels of dietary intake of zinc and iron, limited food security and moderate stunting z = -0 to 1.99 Standard Deviation.
Conclusion: This study will inform a comprehensive nutritional intervention for this population. The evidence that specific nutrients are limiting will focus the health promotion objectives.
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Garny, Kerstin. "Antimicrobial susceptibility and population dynamics of a defined biofilm community under different nutrient conditions." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/49847.
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Thesis (MSc)--University of Stellenbosch, 2004.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Little is known about the impact of nutrient conditions on antimicrobial resistance in biofilms grown under continuous flow conditions. Furthermore, community-level response of biofilms to antimicrobial substances and different nutrient regimes are poorly described. A better understanding of the influence of environmental conditions on biofilm behavior and antimicrobial susceptibility may contribute to the efforts, addressing the problems associated with increased antimicrobial resistance. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the survival and population dynamics in a defined mixed-species biofilm community grown under different nutrient conditions and when subjected to biocide treatment. Epi-fluorescence microscopy in conjunction with the LIVE/DEAD® BacLight™ viability kit, a conventional cultivation technique (plate counts), and culture-independent techniques (terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism and fluorescent in situ hybridization) were applied to observe biofilm and planktonic antimicrobial susceptibility, as well as population dynamics. A defined mixed-species community, consisting of four bacterial strains, was cultivated and monitored in a flow cell system. Two nutrient types were used: 1) a complex growth medium [tryptone soy broth (TSB)] and 2) a defined synthetic medium [minimal salts supplemented with glucose (MSM + Glucose)]. In addition, these two nutrient types were applied in different concentrations. Biofilm and planktonic community behavior was influenced by the nutrient type and concentration. Species evenness in the planktonic community was influenced by the nutrient conditions, while species richness changed in response to biocide treatment and nutrient conditions. TSB-grown microbial communities were more susceptible directly after biocide treatment than those grown in MSM + Glucose, however, biofilm viability in the latter nutrient condition decreased within 24 h after biocide treatment. Furthermore, a surprising difference in the recovery rate between biofilm and associated planktonic communities was observed. A conceptual model was developed that aimed to explain the observed biofilm-planktonic interactions. This model proposes that the cells found in the outer regions of a biofilm are the primary source of the associated planktonic cells, and that this phenomenon is independent from overall biofilm activity.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Daar IS tans mm bekend oor die invloed van nutriënte op die antirnikrobiese weerstandbiedendheid van biofilms onder kontinue vloeitoestande. Verder is daar 'n groot leemte in die literatuur oor die invloed van nutriënte op die antimikrobiese sensitiwiteit van bakteriese gemeenskappe in multispesie-biofilms. 'n Beter begrip van die invloed van omgewingsfaktore op biofilmgedrag en antimikrobiese sensitiwiteit sal bydra om die probleem van verhoogde antimikrobiese weerstandbiedendheid te beheer. Die doel van hierdie studie was gevolglik om die oorlewingsvermoë, asook die gemeenskapverskuiwings binne 'n bekende biofilmgemeenskap te evalueer, nadat dit blootgestel was aan biosiedbehandeling en verskillende nutriëntkondisies. Epifluoressensie-mikroskopie in kombinasie met 'n lewensvatbaarheidskleurstof (LIVEIDEAD® BacLight™ viability kit), konventioneie kweektegnieke (spreiplaattegniek) en kweekonafhanklike identifikasietegnieke (terminale restriksie fragment lengte polimorfisme en fluoressensie in situ hibridisasie) is gebruik om biofilm- en planktoniese lewensvatbaarheid, asook gemeenskapverskuiwings te bestudeer. 'n Gedefinieerde biofilmgemeenskap, bestaande uit vier verskillende bakteriese rasse, is gekweek en gemonitor in 'n vloeiselsisteem. Twee tipes nutriënte is gebruik: (1) 'n komplekse groeimedium [Tryptone Soy Broth (TSB)] en (2) 'n chemies-gedefinieerde medium [minimale soutoplossing met glukose (MSM + Glucose)]. Beide nutriënttipes is in verskillende konsentrasies toegedien. Die gedrag van biofilm- sowel as planktoniese populasies is beïnvloed deur beide die nutriënttipe en konsentrasie. Planktoniese populasiegetalle is beïnvloed deur nutriëntkondisies, terwyl die aantal populasies beïnvloed is deur biosiedbehandeling en nutriënttoestande. Bakteriese gemeenskappe wat in komplekse medium (TSB) gekweek is, was meer sensitief teenoor die biosied direk na behandeling as die wat in MSM + Glukose gekweek is. Die lewensvatbaarheid van die biofilm wat in MSM + Glukose gekweek is, het egter eers 24 uur na biosiedbehandeling begin daal. Daar was verder 'n opvallende verskil in die tempo van herstel van die biofilmgemeenskap in vergelyking met die planktoniese gemeenskap. Die planktoniese gemeenskap het vinniger herstel as die biofilm gemeenskap. 'n Model is ontwikkel om die biofilm-planktoniese interaksies te verklaar. In die model word voorgestel dat selle wat in die buitenste lae van 'n biofilm groei, die primêre bron is van planktoniese selle in 'n vloeisisteem, en dat hierdie verskynselonafhanklik is van die algehele biofilm-aktiwiteit.
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Keene, Wesley Ryan. "Intervening to Influence Fast-Food Choices: Assessing Response Generalization in Nutrition-Related Behavior." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/9927.
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A large-scale intervention, designed to increase healthier fast-food consumption, was evaluated at a national fast-food chain. Participants included fast-food consumers at three separate restaurant locations in southwestern Virginia. Each restaurant received three phases, consisting of fourteen days each. Two of the restaurants were exposed to two conditions, A (Baseline) and B (Intervention), while the other restaurant served as a control. Restaurant 1 received the following phases, with each phase lasting two weeks: A--B--A. Restaurant 2 received A--A--B, and Restaurant 3 received A--A--A. Research assistants distributed discount coupons on a new healthy sandwich to consumers during Condition B in Restaurants 2 & 3. This sandwich was available in a healthy combo including salad and water, and a regular combo including soda and fries. At all 3 locations, research assistants collected receipts showing all total menu item sales every day during the six-week intervention. Analyses of variance revealed consumers purchased the healthy sandwich significantly more during the incentive conditions, and also purchased the regular combo more frequently than the healthier combo during the intervention condition. Implications for the social validity of using incentives to motivate nutrition-related behaviors are discussed.Master of Science
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Johnson, Olivia. "Application of the PRECEDE-PROCEED Model in the evaluation of a community-based youth fitness and nutrition summer camp program." ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2016. http://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/647.
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Background: The PRECEDE-PROCEED Model is an effective and adaptable program planning tool that has been widely used in the design, implementation and evaluation of health promotion programs.
Objective: To retrospectively apply the constructs of the PRECEDE-PROCEED Model to a community-based youth fitness and nutrition summer camp program (Champ Camp) and to identify and describe how the program can be improved based on the findings of the PRECEDE-PROCEED Model evaluation.
Design: A systematic application of the nine phases of the PRECEDE-PROCEED Model applied retrospectively to evaluate and improve the Champ Camp program.
Setting: Children participating in Champ Camp offered through a seven-week summer camp coordinated by Burlington Parks, Recreation and Waterfront of Burlington, Vermont. The summer camp served as a licensed childcare program for children entering first through fifth grade.
Measures: Improvements in nutrition knowledge and fitness scores measured biweekly. Additionally, the retrospective application of the planning model determined valuable demographic, behavioral, environmental, and policy information about the community.
Statistical Analysis: A repeated measures analysis of variance was conducted to determine if there was a statistically significant change over time in nutrition knowledge and physical fitness. Statistical analysis was also performed to determine if there were potential correlations between nutrition knowledge and performance on each fitness assessment individually.
Results: The Champ Camp program significantly improved nutrition assessment scores for males. Additionally, there were statistically significant improvements in the fitness assessment scores for the ball throw within third through fifth grade males and females across the seven-week program. The retrospective application of the PRECEDE-PROCEED Model proved to be successful in identifying the demographic, behavioral and environmental influences, and resources and invested parties of the target population. Most importantly the model emphasized the use of SMART program goals and objectives within successful health promotion programs. The model also stressed the necessity for appropriate and validated nutrition and fitness assessment tools that would offer more generalizable data. Moreover, the model also emphasized the need for stronger program evaluation by including more process evaluative measures and defining the determinants in which the programs' effectiveness and efficiency would be measured.
Conclusions: The unique application proved to be a valuable and fruitful method for evaluating and identifying areas for improvement within a community-based youth fitness and nutrition summer camp program. This research not only serves to improve the existing Champ Camp program but to highlight the importance of program planning models and the critical components of successful health promotion programs.
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Chamberlain, Sally. "Nutrition screening in community-living older adults, analysis of factors from three conceptual models." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ61881.pdf.
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Reese, Felicia Lorene. "Implementation and Evaluation of a Community Gardening and Nutrition Program among at-risk Youth." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/23121.
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Background: Community-based participatory research (CBPR) has been recommended as an effective approach to engage communities in implementing research projects relevant to their needs and interests. Following this approach, the Dan River Partnership for a Healthy Community was formed to address regional obesity concerns in the Dan River Region, a health disparate area located in south central Virginia and north central North Carolina. Community gardens were identified as a priority, and the development and implementation of this study continues previous collaborative efforts in evaluating the effectiveness of community gardens within this region.Objectives: The primary aim of this study was to determine if applying the Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) to an adapted curriculum throughout a 10-week gardening and nutrition education intervention would increase youths\' willingness to try fruits and vegetables (FV), self-efficacy for eating and asking for FV and gardening, knowledge of nutrition and gardening, and outcome expectations for FV. Secondary aims were to determine if age groups or attendance rates would positively influence outcome measures and to qualitatively evaluate youths\' perceptions about their experiences and opinions about the program.
Methods: Utilizing a pre-post design, researchers delivered this program once weekly with 60 minutes of interactive nutrition or gardening education and 30 minutes of experiential gardening. Questionnaires included validated and novel measures. Repeated measure ANOVA analyses were used to determine changes in outcome measures. Post-program interviews were conducted with youth and qualitative data was coded and analyzed.
Results: Of the 43 enrolled youth, 42 were African American. Although willing to try FV did not change significantly, there were significant improvements in self-efficacy for asking for FV from 1.70 (0.34) to 1.83 (0.29) (F=7.07; p=.013) and overall gardening knowledge from 14.53 (3.45) to 15.74 (3.90) (F=7.67; p=.01). There were also significant improvements in some of the knowledge subcategories for gardening and nutrition, including plant parts and my plate (p<0.05). Qualitative findings indicated the majority of the participants expressed positive perceptions of the program with the most liked components including food sampling, games and gardening experiences.
Discussion and Implications: Our findings demonstrate the feasibility of developing and implementing an adapted theory-driven community gardening and nutrition education program for low socioeconomic youth in public housing. It implicates the need for future research on youth community gardens using the CBPR approach. Findings were shared with community partners and future efforts will expand this program.
Master of Science
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Whatley, Amanda L. "The Happy Kitchen: Community Designed Cooking Classes." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2015. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc804956/.
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Equitable access to healthy food is a multifaceted issue faced by many underserved populations. Intimate understanding of individual communities’ food practices allows for the creation of community-based interventions that elaborate upon specific needs and desires. Through collaborative research and action, this study aims to become better informed of the current eating habits of community members participating in The Happy Kitchen program at Wesley Rankin Community Center in West Dallas, how those habits have changed over time, and the factors that contribute to access and utilization of a healthy diet. This research seeks to develop a dialectical relationship between the participants and GROW North Texas to design relevant cooking classes and interventions in West Dallas; thereby increasing access to and consumption of nutritious food.
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Fradera, Ursula G. "Impact of vitamin A nutrified soybean oil on the vitamin A status of a selected community in Southern Brazil." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/28986.
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Previous studies have revealed that marginal vitamin A deficiency poses a common public health problem among poor population groups in Southern Brazil. Nutrification programs in Guatemala (sugar) and in the Philippines (MSG) have resulted in improved vitamin A status, accompanied by positive changes in the anthropometric and general health status. Accordingly, the main purpose of the present pilot study was to evaluate the potential impact of vitamin A nutrified soybean oil on the vitamin A status of a selected community in Southern Brazil. Additional objectives were to assess the vitamin A and general nutritional status of the participants.
The study was conducted in Vila Piratininga, a shanty town located on the periphery of Ribeirao Preto, a typical agricultural town in the sugarcane and coffee region of the state of Sao Paulo. Fifty-seven families were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups and were provided for four months with soybean oil that was either fortified with vitamin A (92,000 IU of retinyl palmitate per one litre can) or unfortified.
To evaluate the impact of nutrification, biochemical and dietary indicators of vitamin A status were assessed before and after the supplementation. Dietary intake data were obtained from the female head of each household using the 24 hour recall method. Additional information on the usual consumption pattern of vitamin A containing foods was collected at the start of the study, using a food frequency questionnaire. Plasma retinol and (β-carotene levels of all subjects were analysed. Anthropometric measurements served as additional indicator of general nutritional status. Furthermore, throughout the intervention mothers, were questioned about the incidence of diarrhea and respiratory diseases among their children.
Results from the serum vitamin A analysis at baseline confirmed that vitamin A deficiency was a public health problem among this low income population. Forty percent (control group) and
59% (experimental group) of preschool children, the most vulnerable age group, had low or deficient serum retinol concentrations. Plasma (β -carotene and dietary data showed that the intake of vitamin A and carotenoids from the rice and bean based diet was very low. The consumption of nutrified soybean oil increased the estimated daily vitamin A intake of the experimental group by 500% (p<0.001). However, this improved intake was not reflected in plasma retinol levels. Plasma vitamin A values of supplemented individuals dropped significantly (p<0.001) during the intervention, indicating that vitamin A nutrified soybean oil was not effective in improving their vitamin A status.
The lack of response to supplementation in this study does not necessarily suggest that soybean oil is not a feasible vehicle for vitamin A nutrification. The fortified oil was well accepted by the participants and used daily for the preparation of meals; eventual losses of vitamin A during cooking and/or storage can be regarded as minimal. Therefore, this negative impact is more likely due to other factors. In populations with marginal vitamin A deficiency, as in Vila. Piratininga, the limitations of serum retinol levels as an accurate indicator of vitamin A body reserves should be appreciated. In addition, morbidity data revealed that infections were common among participating children. Infections may have impaired vitamin A absorption and utilization, increased requirements and consequently interfered with a successful nutrification.
This was the first study to use vegetable oil as the carrier for vitamin A. Although this trial did not result in the expected impact on vitamin A status of the present study population, the feasibility of this vehicle should be further studied. In future investigations, the relative dose response test (RDR), which is a more sensitive index of vitamin A body reserves, should be performed on a subsample of the whole study population. Furthermore, concurrent reduction in the magnitude and severity of precipitating or contributary risk factors such as parasitic infestation, diarrheal and respiratory infections could improve the outcome of a nutrification intervention.Land and Food Systems, Faculty of
Graduate
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Price, Chelsea Marie. "Effects of Good Food: Local Project on Acceptance and Consumption of USDA Specialty Crops in Pre-School through High School Children in Southern Illinois." OpenSIUC, 2014. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/1434.
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Previous studies have shown that hands-on cooking classes focusing on fruit and vegetables, nutritional value, and food safety have increased fruit and vegetable consumption in children. Some of the most nutrient rich fruits and vegetables are classified as United States Department of Agriculture specialty crops. USDA specialty crops are used only for consumption and offer a variety of important vitamins, minerals, and other nutrients. Thus, children who are not receiving the recommended servings of fruits and vegetables each day are not getting the proper nutrition. The design of this study is a prospective cohort of 69 day care participants. The intervention targeted many topics: meal preparation, nutrition education, food safety, food cost, and benefits of buying local foods. After one month in the program, participants showed no change in fruit and vegetable acceptance or fruit consumption. Participants showed a decrease in amount of vegetables eaten "yesterday" after participation in the study. Further research should be done in the area of cooking classes for children living in rural communities.
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Lepior, Haley A. "Examining the National Representativeness of Low-Income Adults Enrolled in a Cost-Offset Community Supported Agriculture Intervention." The Ohio State University, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1586902876774289.
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Grier, Karissa Niphore. "Feasibility of an Experiential Community Garden and Nutrition Program for Youth Living in Public Housing:Exploring Outcomes from Youth, Parents and Site Leaders." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/48901.
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Background: Community gardens have existed in America since the late 1800s and have served multiple purposes from food subsidies to neighborhood beautification. The use of community gardens has grown in popularity and has been recommended as a way to encourage healthy eating habits in youth. Though the health benefits of having a diet high in fruits and vegetables is well known, youth in the United States do not meet recommendations for fruit and vegetable intake. Under-consumption of fruits and vegetables is problematic in youth, as eating habits are established in childhood. Community gardens have been successfully used to improve access, self-efficacy, preference, and consumption of fruits and vegetables. However, few published community garden studies have focused on low socioeconomic youth. The Dan River Partnership for a Healthy Community (DRPHC) was developed according to community-based participatory research (CBPR) principles. With a mission to reduce obesity using healthy lifestyle initiatives, community gardens are an evolving DRPHC initiative.
Objective: To evaluate the feasibility (i.e., demand, acceptability, implementation, and limited-effectiveness testing) of a 10-week experiential theory-based gardening and nutrition education program targeting youth living in two public housing sites in the Dan River Region.
Methods: Using pre- and post-program questionnaires/interviews, demand and acceptability were measured among youth, parents and site leaders. Implementation was measures via field notes and attendance. Limited-effectiveness was measured among youth using a pre-post design. Three researchers independently coded the qualitative transcripts, met to resolve disagreements, and built consensus through discussion of the codes. Similarly, field notes were reviewed and evaluated for reoccurring themes regarding barriers, facilitators, and other observations. For the quantitative measures, descriptive statistics were used to summarize the variables and Cronbach's alphas used to assess the reliability of each scale at baseline. Overall effects were tested with repeated measures ANOVA. An intent-to-treat analysis using the last observation carried forward method was used. A critical value of .05 was used for significance testing. A standard equation for reporting effect sizes on a single-group, pre-post study design is also reported.
Results: Program enrollment included 43 youth, primarily African American. The positive demand and acceptability findings indicate the potential of the program to be used and suitable for the youth, parents, and site leaders. Field notes revealed numerous implementation facilitators and barriers. Youth weekly attendance averaged 4.6 of 10 sessions. Significant improvements (p<0.05) were found for some (e.g., FV asking self-efficacy, overall gardening knowledge, knowledge of MyPlate recommendations), but not all limited-effectiveness measures (e.g., willingness to try FV, FV eating self-efficacy).
Study Implications: This study addresses recommendations for utilizing CBPR in community garden efforts and builds on community identified research priorities of the DRPHC. Results demonstrate the feasibility of a gardening and nutrition program targeting youth in public housing. Lessons learned are being used to adapt and strengthen the program for future efforts targeting FV behaviors. Findings will be shared with local community stakeholders and used to adapt and strengthen the program for future efforts in the Dan River Region targeting of fruit and vegetable behaviors.Master of Science
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Kinney, Kimberlee Ann. "Exploration of Facilitators, Barriers and Opportunities for Faith-Based Organizations to Implement Nutrition and Physical Activity Programs and Partner with Virginia's Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Education." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/82927.
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Poor diet and physical inactivity contribute to excessive weight and related diseases in the United States. Given the increasing rates of adult overweight and obesity among Americans, there is a need to develop and implement effective prevention and treatment strategies to decrease the public health burden of obesity-related chronic diseases. Faith-based organizations (FBOs) provide a unique setting and partnership opportunity for delivering evidence-based programs into communities that can be sustained. The federally funded Virginia Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Education (SNAP-Ed) delivered through Virginia Tech's Cooperative Extension and Family Nutrition Program, utilizes evidence-based programs to promote healthy eating and physical activity among limited income populations. The Virginia SNAP-Ed Volunteer Led Nutrition Education Initiative uses SNAP-Ed agents and educators to reach limited income populations by training and coordinating volunteers from communities to deliver nutrition education programs. However, these partnerships and training initiatives have been underutilized in FBOs across Virginia. This dissertation research describes four studies conducted to better understand how to facilitate collaborative partnerships and health-promotion programming initiatives between academic/extension educators and FBOs to build capacity and inform future initiatives within VCE. Study one conducted a literature review to examine FBO characteristics and multi-level strategies used to implement nutrition and physical activity interventions. Study two examined VCE SNAP-Ed agents' perspectives on FBO partnerships to deliver health programming. Study three assessed three FBOs and their member health needs to identify policies, systems and environments to support healthy lifestyles. Study four examined the acceptability of Faithful Families, a faith-based nutrition and physical activity program delivered in a rural church, and explored ways to build capacity for program sustainability through input from stakeholder partners. Results across studies yielded information which helped to identify and prioritize strategies for promoting FBO partnerships within VCE and helped to generate questions that merit further investigation to identify specific culturally relevant strategies for promoting health in FBOs. This exploratory body of research contributes to the field by describing relevant opportunities for academic sectors to partner with FBOs using participatory approaches to increase partnership readiness and build capacity to carry out and sustain health programs within faith settings.Ph. D.
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Karim, Norimah A. "Development of dietary assessment methods for use in the South Asian community." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.242435.
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Thayer, Amy Nichole. "Community Matters: The Exploration of Overweight and Obesity within the Lesbian Population." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/29551.
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Obesity in the United States has increased dramatically during the past 40 years. Women are more at risk than men to be obese; and, a lesbian sexual identity further increases a womanâ s likelihood of being overweight or obese. This dissertation includes the following components: 1) a review of factors influencing overweight and obesity in lesbians, 2) an ethnographic inquiry examining how lesbian culture and a lesbian sexual identity contribute to a womanâ s body weight, and 3) the development of a lesbian-specific tool based on factors identified during the ethnography that predicts eating, physical activity, and weight status.
The literature review, informed by the Social Ecological Model, investigated potentially contributing factors of overweight and obesity in lesbians. This review revealed a small body of literature dedicated to lesbiansâ physical activity and eating behaviors; additionally, weight-influencing social-cultural elements of lesbian communities were identified. This body of literature suggests that specific personal, social, and environmental factors negatively influence lesbiansâ weight, although there is not much known about this communityâ s PA and eating behaviors, as overall behavior-specific findings, were equivocal. However, the following gaps in the literature were identified: lesbiansâ self-efficacy in PA and healthy eating, and effects on these behaviors as determined by their membership in lesbian subcultures.
An ethnographic inquiry examined how a lesbian sexual identity contributes to body weight, attempted to fill a need in the current literature, and was driven by the following questions: 1) How does this lesbian social community serve as a context for its lesbian members to understand body weight? 2) What is the relationship between womenâ s lesbian identities and their body weight? 3) What sub-cultural customs exist that permit or prohibit healthy eating and physical activity by women in this lesbian community? Participant observation, the primary method of data collection, uncovered the following themes: 1) Valuing Weight, 2) Coping and Socializing Behavior, and 3) Living within an Inconsistent Environment. Social Cognitive Theory assisted in interpreting how and why lesbians create innovative ways to appreciate diverse body weights and provided directives for measurement domains when investigating overweight in this community.
Informed by the previous projects, the Lesbian Overweight and Obesity Questionnaire (The LOOQ) was developed as a tool to measure potential influences on PA, fat intake, and dietary consumption, which assist in predicting body mass index (BMI) within the lesbian community. Internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and predictive validity demonstrated encouraging results; all but two (i.e., 2/27) subscales demonstrated adequate to high internal consistency (Cronbachâ s Alphas= 0.61-0.97) and reliable test-retest scores (r=0.61-0.92). The LOOQ displayed predictive validity with subscale scores predicting outcome behaviors, which predicted BMI scores.Ph. D.
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Roche, Marion. "A community-based positive deviance/hearth intervention to improve infant and young child nutrition in the Ecuadorian Andes." Thesis, McGill University, 2011. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=104543.
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Most growth faltering in developing countries occurs in the first two years of life; therefore, there is a need to identify interventions for vulnerable communities which improve child growth during this critical period. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the effectiveness of a community-based Positive Deviance (PD)/hearth infant and young child feeding intervention to improve growth and nutrition in infants and young children in the Ecuadorian highlands. The first study was with experiences of mothers in rural communities in the Ecuadorian Andes who had previously (2008) participated in a PD/hearth intervention (n=168). Infant and young child feeding practices and predictors of stunting in the Ecuadorian highlands communities were assessed to guide the development of the 2009 intervention. In this cold environment with limited health infrastructure, it was necessary to develop a procedure for adjusting anthropometric measures for clothing weight of infants and young children (n=293). This study used a quasi-experimental non-randomized study design to compare growth and diet of infants and young children in six intervention communities (n=80) to those in nine non-intervention communities (n=184). Intervention mothers and their children participated in a 12-day PD/hearth nutrition intervention. Demographic, nutritional, and anthropometric data were collected at baseline and at six months follow-up. The results were as follows. 1) Mothers credited the 2008 intervention with increasing self-esteem and social support, yet greater importance was placed on social changes than on growth. 2) Stunting was found in 56.2% of the study population at baseline. Older age, respiratory infections, and being male were predictors of lower height-for-age z-score (HAZ), whereas early initiation of breastfeeding, higher socioeconomic status, consumption of iron-rich foods, and higher dietary protein density were protective. 3) Modeling showed that without adjusting for clothing weight 24% of children were misclassified for weight-for-age z-score (WAZ), and 13% for weight-for-height z-score (WHZ). 4) Six months after the 2009 intervention, participants were 1.6 to 5.7 times more likely than comparison children to consume the foods promoted in the intervention. Intervention children consumed more iron, zinc, vitamin A, protein, and energy (p < 0.05). Compared to non-intervention children, intervention children had greater improvement in WAZ (β=0.16; 95% CI: 0.01, 0.32), but not HAZ (β= 0.00; 95% CI: -0.21, 0.17). The intervention was beneficial in eliminating the risk of severe underweight (OR=0.00; 95% CI: 0.00, 0.08). In rural Ecuador, mothers improved their children's diet and weight with peer support, indigenous knowledge, and local foods. Supporting mothers' groups through community PD/hearth nutrition interventions is an effective way to reduce the global burden of underweight in infants and young children.La majorité des problèmes de croissance dans les pays en développement ont lieu au cours des deux premières années de la vie, c'est pourquoi il existe un besoin d'identifier les interventions améliorant la croissance infantile et qui ciblent les communautés vulnérables durant cette période critique. L'objectif principal de cette recherche était d'évaluer l'efficacité d'une intervention communautaire de Deviance Positive (DP)/ foyer du nourrison et du jeune enfant afin d'améliorer la croissance et la nutrition des nourrissons et des enfants en bas-âge dans les hautes terres équatoriennes. La premiere etude a été Afin avec des mères des communautés rurales des Andes équatoriales qui en 2008 avaient participé à l'intervention DP/foyer avec leurs enfants de 2-5 ans (n=168). Les pratiques d'alimentation du nourrisson et du jeune enfant et les prédicteurs du retard de croissance des communautés des hautes terres équatoriennes ont été évaluées pour guider le développement de la nouvelle intervention de 2009. Il a été nécessaire de développer une procédure pour ajuster les mesures anthropométriques pour le poids des nourrissons et des jeunes enfants (n=293) étant donné les températures faibles et les infrastructures limitées. Une étude avec conception non randomisée quasi-expérimentale a été utilisée pour comparer la croissance et la nutrition des nourrissons et des jeunes enfants au sein de 6 communautés d'intervention (n=80) à ceux des 9 communautés sans intervention (n=184). Dans le groupe d'intervention, les mères et leurs enfants agés de moins de 2 ans ont participé à l'intervention communautaire participative DP/Foyer de 12 jours. Les données démographiques, nutritionnelles et anthropométriques ont été récoltées au début et après 6 mois de suivi. Les résultats étaient les suivants: 1) selon les mères, leur estime de soi et le soutien social se sont améliorés grâce à l'intervention de 2008, mais elles ont donné plus d'importance aux changements sociaux qu'une amélioration de la croissance. 2). Au début de l'étude 56.2% de la populatin avaient un retard de croissance. Un âge plus élevé, des infections respiratoires et le sexe masculin étaient des prédicteurs d'un score Z du rapport 'Taille pour Age' plus faible alors que le début précoce de l'allaitement maternel, un statut socio-économique plus élevé, la consommation d'aliments riches en fer et une densité élevée en protéines étaient des éléments protecteurs. 3) Le modèle a montré que jusqu'à 24% des enfants avaient été classés en score Z du rapport 'Poids pour l'Age' et 13% pour le score Z du rapport 'Poids pour Taille' lorsque le poids des vêtements avait été ajusté. 4) Six mois après l'intervention de 2009, les mères avaient 1.6 à 5.7 fois plus de chances de nourrir leurs enfants avec des aliments promus par l'intervention que les mères du groupe de comparaison (p < 0.05). Au cours du suivi, les enfants du groupe d'intervention consommaient plus de fer, de zinc, de vitamine A, de protéines et d'énergie, lorsque les covariantes ont été controlées (p < 0.05). Les enfants du groupe d'intervention avaient une plus grande amélioration du score Z du rapport 'Poids pour Age ' (aβ=0.16; 95% CI: 0.01, 0.32), mais pas du score Z du rapport 'Taille pour Age' (aβ= 0.00; 95% CI: -0.21, 0.17). L'intervention a été bénéfique en éliminant le risque d'insuffisance pondérale sévère (aOR=0.00; 95% CI: 0.00, 0.08). Les mères de l'Equateur rural ont amélioré le régime alimentaire et le poids de leurs enfants grâce au soutien par les pairs, aux connaissances autochtones et à leurs aliments locaux, mais ne pouvaient pas améliorer la croissance linéaire. Le soutien des groupes de mères à travers des interventions communautaires de Deviance Positive/Foyer est un moyen efficace pour réduire la charge globale de l'insuffisance pondérale des nourrissons et des jeunes enfants.
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Ketelo, Asiphe. "Determining food and nutrition literacy of community health workers in the Western Cape, South Africa." University of Western Cape, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/7674.
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Master of Public Health - MPHObesity is one of the critical problems that threatens not only health, but the economy at a global level. Among the factors associated with obesity is less than optimum level of nutrition literacy. Nutrition literacy is more than just the food knowledge, it is a combination of other essential factors that help individuals to maintain healthy a body size. These factors include the selection and consumption of nutritious food; acquiring knowledge and skills in the areas of meal planning and preparation; as well as using and knowing how to read food labels correctly.
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Zhuzhina, Polina. "The impact of a Smarter Lunchrooms Makeover on children's food choice and consumption." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2016. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1657.
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Childhood obesity has tripled over the past three decades and poses a serious public health problem. The Smarter Lunchrooms Movement aims to increase healthy eating by incorporating low-cost to no-cost alterations to the school lunchroom in an effort to increase consumption of healthier foods, such as fruits and vegetables, by making them more attractive and convenient.
Our study implemented Smarter Lunchrooms interventions at two primarily Hispanic elementary schools in Paso Robles, CA. The interventions focused on increasing the appeal of the salad bars, including installation of age-appropriate signage highlighting fruits and vegetables, as well as branding of fruits and vegetables with fun age-appropriate characters. Fruits were also placed into decorative bowls to increase their attractiveness. To determine whether these changes had an influence on fruit and vegetable choice and consumption, we tracked student’s choice and intake prior to and following the intervention. Consumption was analyzed using a visual tray waste measurement to determine how much fruit, vegetable, and entrée the students ate during lunch.
Following the intervention, the proportion of children who selected fruits and vegetables increased at one school, but not at the other. Of the children that selected fruits and/or vegetables, the proportion eating the entire fruit or vegetable increased at both schools, while the proportion of students who did not eat any of their vegetables decreased at one school. There were few significant differences by grade level (1-3 and 4-5).
If easy-to-implement strategies such as Smarter Lunchrooms interventions are effective mitigators of obesity risk, larger scale efforts across populations may help stem the ever-increasing impact of obesity. Therefore, future research should identify targeted methods by which to approach younger vs. older children among diverse socio-demographic and geographic groups.
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Ochola, Sophie Atieno. "Evaluation of two counseling strategies improving exclusive breastfeeding among HIV-negative mothers in Kibera Slum, Nairobi, Kenya : a randomized controlled trial." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1460.
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Thesis (PhD (Interdisciplinary Health Sciences. Human Nutrition))--Stellenbosch University, 2008.Objectives: To determine the impact of facility-based semi-intensive and home-based intensive counseling strategies to improve exclusive breastfeeding rates and to identify factors associated with exclusive breastfeeding. Methods: This was a randomized trial in which villages in the Kibera slum, Nairobi Kenya were assigned to two intervention groups and a control group. Study participants from among 34-36 week pregnant, HIV-negative women, attending antenatal clinic at Lang’ata health centre, were assigned to study groups and followed up in their homes until 6 months postpartum. Experimental group 1, the Home-Based Intensive Counseling Group (HBICG)] received 7 counseling sessions; 1 prenatally and 6 postnatally. Experimental group 2, the Facility-Based Semi-Intensive Counseling Group (FBSICG) received 1 counseling session prenatally. The control group (Control Group) received irregularly provided health education by health personnel. Information on infant feeding practices, using a validated 24-hour recall questionnaire was collected monthly at participant homes; observations were conducted on a random 10% sub-sample to verify the reported information. Qualitative data from focus group discussions provided information on the rationale for feeding choices. Information on infant morbidity and weight measurements were taken on a monthly basis. Results: At six months, exclusive breastfeeding rate was 23.6% in HBICG; 9.2% in FBSICG; and 5.6% in CG. Mothers from HBICG had a 4.2 increased likelihood to exclusively breastfeed compared to those in the CG (RR=4.20; 95% CI; 1.66-10.64; p=0.002). Cumulative exclusive breastfeeding rate for 6 months was 3.2% in the CG; and 6.9% and 15.6% in the FBSICG and HBICG respectively (p<0.00001). Mothers from HBICG had a 3.4 increased likelihood to practice exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months compared to those in CG (RR=3.4; 95% CI: 1-34-8.80; p=0.010). Exclusive breastfeeding rates in FBSICG were insignificantly higher than those in the CG. The median duration of exclusive breastfeeding was one month in both the CG and FBSICG and three months in the HBICG. The predictors of exclusive breastfeeding were non-giving of post-lacteal feeds; planned long breastfeeding duration; living in smaller households; non-ownership of telephones and televisions; absence of breast health problems; and correct knowledge of breastfeeding duration. The major hindrances to exclusive breastfeeding were: inadequate knowledge of exclusive breastfeeding; cultural perceptions about infant feeding; and absence of mother from home for long periods. The prevalence of acute respiratory infections and diarrhoea were significantly lower among exclusively breastfed infants than those non-exclusively breastfed. The prevalence of underweight was significantly lower among the exclusively breastfed infants than those non-exclusively breastfed at one month (p=0.006) and three months (p=0.005). Conclusions: It is feasible to promote and sustain exclusive breastfeeding for six months in low socioeconomic conditions, using the home-based intensive counseling strategy. Breastfeeding promotion programmes should adopt strategies to allow for wider dissemination of information, targeting both mothers and the community at large, as this study showed family members were major decision-makers in the choice of infant feeding practices. Hospital-based breastfeeding education should offer detailed information on a consistent basis. Breastfeeding promotion messages should be re-packaged to address cultural perceptions in infant feeding practices.
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Mcnab, Philip R. ""Planting Wholesome Seeds": Organic Farming and Community Supported Agriculture at Sweetwater Organic Community Farm." Scholar Commons, 2012. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4370.
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Sweetwater Organic Community Farm is an organic farm and environmental education center located in Tampa, Florida. The farm employs the community supported agriculture (CSA) model, in which members pay a single fee before the growing season begins and receive a weekly or biweekly share of the ongoing harvest in return. Using multiple ethnographic methods, this research aimed to understand the daily operations at Sweetwater as well as the perceptions of staff and CSA members. Findings indicated that there were myriad perceived advantages of organic agriculture but also imposing challenges that needed to be overcome. Moreover, staff members acknowledged the challenges associated with the CSA model such as pleasing and educating members and, for members, having to pick up at designated times and locations. Still, staff members also noted countless benefits, including the opportunity to connect to your food, farmers, environment, and community. In surveys, CSA members indicated that they were overwhelmingly satisfied the CSA model and Sweetwater. Complexities were uncovered that are often overlooked in the literature and merit further exploration. Among these were the pressure on farmers that resulted from receiving payments upfront and the willingness of individuals to become members without understanding the CSA model. There is a need for more studies to longitudinally examine changes in social support, food system knowledge, and eating habits that may occur over the course of the growing season.
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Timken, Kristin. "Perceptions and Satisfaction of Healthy Food Choices Among College-Aged Females in a Self-Serve Dining Facility Setting." OpenSIUC, 2012. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/890.
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AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF Kristin Timken, for the Master of Science degree in Food & Nutrition, presented on November 21, 2011, at Southern Illinois University Carbondale. TITLE: PERCEPTIONS & SATISFACTION OF HEALTHY FOOD CHOICES AMONG COLLEGE-AGED FEMALES IN A SELF-SERVE DINING FACILITY SETTING MAJOR PROFESSOR: Dr. Sara Long Roth Objective: The purpose of this study was to measure perceptions of healthy food choices and satisfaction of menu choices among members of a sorority house. Design: Three surveys were used in this experiment, two pre-tests and one post-test. Subjects and Setting: The study consisted of a self-selected sample of 38 females aged 18-23 who were living in Stein Hall. Intervention: Food and menu items were changed to incorporate healthier food items and healthier recipes along with addition of more fresh fruits, vegetables, and whole grains Statistical Analysis: One-way ANOVA tests were used to test for significance. Post-hoc tests were used to compare the three surveys. Results: Almost 90% of the participants reported being dissatisfied, to some extent, with menu items served at meals on the first survey. Residents' reported satisfaction of menu changes changed significantly throughout duration of the study. Conclusions: Results of this study suggest that increasing healthy foods on the menus increased reported satisfaction of meals.
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Pyke, Deborah A. "Characteristics Related to the Incidence of Osteoporosis in Two Distinct Female Populations." DigitalCommons@USU, 1992. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/5403.
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Osteoporosis is responsible for approximately 1.3 to 1.5 million fractures per year in the United States. The risk of osteoporosis increases with age, especially among postmenopausal women, and with lifestyle factors such as the use of certain drugs, heavy alcohol consumption, cigarette smoking, high caffeine intake, and sedentary living. Genetic factors that may influence susceptibility to osteoporosis include a positive family history of the disease, or a low weight - for-height ratio. In some cases, race and geographic location may increase or decrease the risk of osteoporosis. Known protective factors include obesity, estrogen replacement therapy, weight bearing exercise, and possibly calcium, fluoride, and Vitamin D. Although several studies have examined multiple factors in single populations, few comparisons have been made between populations within the same country.
Recent epidemiological studies have shown that the Utah population has lower rates of some chronic diseases than the national average. In this study, we used a questionnaire approach to relate the incidence of osteoporotic fracture to 28 lifestyle, dietary, physical, and geographic factors in postmenopausal women between a Utah population and a combined population from North Dakota, South Dakota, and Colorado.
Logistic regressions were used to determine the probability of osteoporosis for these two populations and to determine which factors significantly (P ≤ 0.05) increased or decreased the incidence of osteoporosis. The following factors were significantly related to the occurrence of osteoporosis: age, race, arthritis, cortisone, and fluoridated water. Dietary factors, including calcium, were not significantly related to osteoporosis in this study. The model successfully predicted the occurrence of an osteoporotic event in 72% of the cases.
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Kumalo, Deliwe Maria. "Parents' perceptions of the food consumption practices and nutrition-related needs in a resource-constrained community." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/60950.
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The purpose of this study was to investigate parents' perceptions of the food consumption practices and nutrition-related needs in a resource-constrained community, in terms of daily eating patterns, current knowledge and attitudes with regards to food choice, food production and food preparation, as well as community-based nutrition-related needs and information to be included in an intervention aimed at community-wide health and well-being. The study forms part of a broader research project, which aims to facilitate health and well-being in resource-constrained communities, in support of reaching identified Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and Sustainable Developmental Goals (SDGs).
Interpretivism was utilised as meta-theoretical lens and a qualitative research approach was followed. I selected Bronfenbrenner's Ecosystems Theory as guiding framework for the current study. A Participatory Reflection and Action (PRA) research design was utilised to generate data with 22 purposefully selected parents from three primary schools in the Bronkhorstspruit area. Data were generated and documented through PRA-based workshops, observation, visual techniques, field notes and a reflective journal.
Following inductive thematic analysis, five themes and related sub-themes emerged. The first theme relates to the daily eating patterns of the community, reflecting food consumed during breakfast, lunch and dinner. Secondly, healthy eating practices were identified as a theme, indicating that community members had a clear understanding of what healthy eating practices entails, available resources to inform healthy eating practices and current informational needs in terms of healthy eating practices. The third theme highlights food preparation practices, where women take responsibility for food preparation by means of a variety of methods. The fourth theme emphasises food purchasing practices, where community members buy from larger chain-stores, local shops and informal traders. Finally, the fifth theme indicates food production practices, where community members prefer to grow their own vegetables.
Based on the findings it can be concluded that this community's food consumption patterns are primarily affected by factors in the macrosystem, namely poverty and unemployment. At the macro-level, access to healthy food, cost of healthy food and the influence of the media are aspects influencing the perceptions and decisions of community members such as parents. Changed food consumption practices and nutrition-related needs within the community may, in turn, effect change in the macrosystem by informing related future interventions.Dissertation (MEd)--University of Pretoria, 2016.
Educational Psychology
MEd
Unrestricted
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Moellering, Abbey L. "BERRYCARE: A SUSTAINABLE COMMUNITY-ACADEMIA NUTRITION BASED COLLABORATIVE PROGRAM TO PROMOTE WELL-BEING IN OLDER ADULTS." UKnowledge, 2019. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/foodsci_etds/72.
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With medical advancement and technology, generations are living longer. The process of aging is accompanied by development of chronic disease, reduced physical function, and increased risk of mortality. Older adults do not meet dietary requirements for fruits and vegetables due to lack of access, early satiety, socioeconomic factors, etc. Without proper attainment of fruit and vegetable recommendations, older adults are placed at risk of chronic disease. Interventions exist to help bridge the gap between older adult nutrition and currently established dietary guidelines. Built environments, such as community gardens, have received attentions in the public health arena as a successful way to engage the older adult population with benefits ranging from improved dietary behaviors to increased socializations and improved mental health. Many services for older adults are financially supported through the Older Americans Act. Interventions between community and academic entities require collaborative effort of the researchers at the university, the community members, as well as cooperative extension. Successful interventions engage all levels of the socioeconomic model. Engagement of all program stakeholders as well as clear communication and group collaboration serve as critical necessities in supporting a sustainable intervention of this kind.
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Nel, Jana. "Factors contributing to the adequate vitamin A status and poor anthropometric status of 24-59-month-old children from an impoverished Northern Cape community." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/80297.
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Thesis (MNutr)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Objective: To examine the factors that may influence the vitamin A and anthropometric status of 24-59-month-old children from an impoverished community with a very high prevalence of stunting, but virtually no vitamin A deficiency. Design: Cross sectional, descriptive study with analytical components. Setting: Calvinia West, Northern Cape Province, South Africa Subjects: Biological mothers (n=150) and their children aged 24-59 months (n=150) living in Calvinia West from 6 months of age or younger. Methods: A general interviewer-administered questionnaire comprising of socio-demographic information, a 24-hour recall and an adjusted food frequency questionnaire, focussing on liver intake, were used in the data collection process. Anthropometric measurements (weight and height) were also performed. Results: Results showed that liver consumption alone contributed to more than 100% of the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) for vitamin A of the pre-school children in this community. Liver was eaten by 84.7% (n=127) of the children and 68% (n=102) of them ate liver at least once per month. The average portion size of the children who consumed liver was 66g at a time. The national food fortification programme contributed to a further 80 μg Retinol Equivalents (RE) and the national supplementation programme 122μg RE of vitamin A per day. There was a significant (p=0.028) inverse association between the amount of liver intake and household income. Liver intake was also significantly (p=0.016) higher in the children whose mothers were unskilled as opposed to those with skilled mothers. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) growth standards 36.9% (n=55) of the children were stunted (low height for age), 25.5% (n=38) were underweight for age and 12.1% (n=18) were wasted (low weight for height). The mean birth weight of the children (n=141) was 2826g (SD=592). Of these children, 27.7% (n=39) had a low birth weight (<2500g). There was a significant positive correlation (r=0.250; p=0.003) between the birth weight of the child and the child's current height for age. The height of the mother, as well as several indicators of socio-economic status, also correlated significantly with the height for age of the child. Conclusion: In this impoverished community the anthropometric status of the children was poor, but vitamin A deficiency was largely addressed through the regular intake of liver. Poor anthropometric status is therefore not always an indicator of micronutrient deficiencies and blanket supplementation approaches are not necessarily the solution in a country with diverse cultures and eating habits. Apart from the immediate risks and consequences of underweight, stunting and wasting in a community, stunting may also lead to overweight and obesity in the long term. This may result in diseases of lifestyle in later life, adding a further burden to an already weakened community. Appropriate evidence-based interventions aimed at the first thousand days of life should be a priority in this community.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Doel: Om die faktore wat kan bydrae tot die vitamien A en die antropometriese status van kinders 24-59-maande in 'n arm gemeenskap met 'n baie hoë voorkoms van dwerggroei, maar byna geen vitamien A gebrek, te ondersoek. Ontwerp: Beskrywende, deursnit studie met analitiese komponente Omgewing: Calvinia Wes, Nood Kaap provinsie, Suid-Afrika Deelnemers: Biologiese moeders (n=150) en hul kinders in die ouderdomsgroep, 24-59-maande (n=150) woonagtig in Calvinia Wes sedert 6 maande van ouderdom of jonger. Metodes: 'n Vraelys bestaande uit sosio-demografiese inligting, 'n 24-uur herroep en 'n aangepaste voedsel frekwensie vraelys gefokus op die inname van lewer, was gebruik om data in te samel en voltooi deur die onderhoudvoerder. Antropometriese metings (gewig en lengte) was ook geneem. Resultate: Resultate het getoon dat lewer inname bygedra het tot meer as 100% van die geskatte gemiddelde behoefte van vitamien A vir die voorskoolse kind in hierdie gemeenskap. Lewer was deur 84.7% (n=127) van die kinders ingeneem en 68% (n=102) het dit ten minste een keer per maand geëet. Die gemiddelde porsie grootte van die kinders wat lewer ingeneem het, was 66g op 'n keer. Die nasionale voedsel fortifisering program het 'n verdere 80 μg Retinol Ekwivalente (RE) en die nasionale supplementasie program 122μg RE vitamin A per dag bygedra. Daar was 'n betekenisvolle (p=0.028) omgekeerde korrelasie tussen die die hoeveelheid lewer wat deur die kinders ingeneem is en die huishoudelike inkomste. Lewer inname was ook betekenisvol (p=0.016) meer in kinders wie se moeders ongeskool was teenoor die met geskoolde moeders. Volgens die Wêreld Gesondheid Organisasie se groeistandaarde het 36.9% (n=55) van die kinders dwerggroei getoon (te kort vir hul ouderdom), 25.5% (n=38) was ondergewig vir hul ouderdom en 12.1% (n=18) uitgeteer (ondergewig vir hul lengte). Die gemiddelde geboortegewig van die kinders (n=141) was 2826g (SA=592). Van hierdie kinders het 27.7% (n=39) 'n lae geboortegewig (<2500g) gehad. Daar was 'n betekenisvolle positiewe korrelasie (r=0.250; p=0.003) tussen die geboortegewig van die kind en die huidige lengte vir ouderdom. Die lengte van die moeder, sowel as ander sosio-ekonomiese status aanwysers het ook betekenisvol gekorreleer met die lengte vir ouderdom van die kind. Samevatting: In hierdie arm gemeenskap was die antropometriese status van die kinders swak, maar vitamien A gebrek was grootliks aangespreek deur die gereelde inname van lewer. 'n Swak antropometriese status is dus nie altyd 'n aanduiding van mikronutriënt tekorte nie en 'n oorkoepelende aanslag van supplementasie is nie noodwendig 'n oplossing in 'n land met diverse kultuur en eetgewoontes nie. Behalwe vir die onmiddelike gevare van ondergewig, dwerggroei en uittering in 'n gemeenskap, het kinders met dwerggroei 'n groter risiko om oorgewig en vetsugtig te word in die langtermyn. Dit kan lewensstyl siektes veroorsaak in latere lewe en 'n verdere las op 'n reeds verswakte gemeenskap plaas. Toepaslike intervensies, gemik op die eerste duisend dae van lewe, behoort 'n prioriteit te wees in hierdie gemeenskap.
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Flemming, Phoebe K. "Cultivating the Connection Between South Boston Grows, A Garden-Based Nutrition Education Intervention, and Community Eating Habits." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1389608140.
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Al-Saderi, Abdullah Mohammed Ahmed. "Nutritional status assessment of the technical and vocational students' community in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 1991. http://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/5013/.
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The General Organization for Technical Education and Vocational Training, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, has developed a special feeding program for the students at its institutions. The effects of this program on the nutritional and health status of these students have not been evaluated yet, and since no published dietary research has been performed on Technical and Vocational young adult male students, the present work was undertaken to investigate the nutritional status of this community in Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. After a pilot survey, it was decided to use a selfcompleted questionnaire combined with personal interview to investigate the nutritional status of 690 students randomly selected from the study population. Dietary data was collected by two methods: usual weekly intakes "diet history" and actual daily intakes "diet diary". The nutrient intakes were calculated using the unilever Dietary Analysis Program (UNIDAP). The statistical Package for the social Science (SPSS/PC+) was employed to analyse the data; statistical significance of relationships between certain sets of data was determined by chi-square analysis. Some general factors affecting the nutritional status of these students were identified, their nutritional habits and attitudes were investigated, and the average daily intakes of energy, the macronutrients, and selected micronutrients were calculated. The main results of this study shows that the majority of the study population are adolescent, moderately active individuals, and have lower than the standard range of the Body Mass Index; anaemia is the most stated health problem; meal-skipping and eating between meals are common habits amongst the students. Regarding nutrient intake, there was an energy, polyunsaturated fat, and vitamin C deficiency; adequate intake of saturated fat, dietary fibre, retinol, and zinc; more than adequate intake of protein, total fat, cholesterol, thiamin, riboflavin, calcium, and iron. Recommendations are given which aim to improve the nutrition of technical and vocational students.
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Henderson, Susan Ahlstrom. "Vitamin A Status, Anthropometric Measurements, and Food Practices of Women of Childbearing Age and Their Preschool Children in Northeast Brazil." DigitalCommons@USU, 1987. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/5354.
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Vitamin A nutrition status was evaluated in 110 pairs of women and their preschool children at rural health posts in two different ecological regions of Northeast Brazil. Serum retinol and carotene, weight, height, tricep skinfold and mid-arm circumference were measured from each mother and child. Nutrition knowledge of mothers, socioeconomic living conditions and consumption of retinol and carotene food sources were assessed.
Nine children (8 percent) and one mother had less than acceptable serum retinol (less than 20 μg/dl). Additionally, 21 percent of the children and six percent of the mothers had "low" serum carotene levels. Thirty-seven percent and 57 percent of the children were at or below the tenth percentile for height and weight, respectively, when compared to Brazilian standard tables, and 30 percent were below the tenth percentile of weight for height. When compared to NCHS standard tables, 34 percent were below the tenth percentile for weight/height. Nutrition knowledge was very limited, but opportunities for nutrition education are great as mothers wanted more nutrition and feeding information. Squash, carrots and mangoes were more common sources of vitamin A than were animal sources.
Multiple regression models indicated statistical significance among mothers' serum retinol, survey site, and mothers' weight/height percentile and among mothers' vitamin A intake, survey site, and mothers' ages. The data indicate that vitamin A nutrition status is suboptimal in Northeast Brazil, but appropriate food sources exist. Long-term intervention projects need to focus on increasing the production, distribution, and consumption of preformed vitamin A- and carotene-rich foods.