To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Community psychology – Oregon – Portland.
Journal articles on the topic 'Community psychology – Oregon – Portland'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Community psychology – Oregon – Portland.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Butkevich, N., and R. Weinkauf. "Focus on Success: Teaching Scanning Electron Microscopy at the Community College." Microscopy and Microanalysis 16, S2 (July 2010): 1956–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927610053894.
Full text
2
Sarkheyli, Elnaz, and Mojtaba Rafieian. "Megaprojects and community participation: South Waterfront project in Portland, Oregon." Housing and Society 45, no. 2 (May 4, 2018): 104–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08882746.2018.1496697.
Full text
3
Rosenthal, Nicolas G. "Repositioning Indianness: Native American Organizations in Portland, Oregon, 1959––1975." Pacific Historical Review 71, no. 3 (August 1, 2002): 415–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/phr.2002.71.3.415.
Full textAbstract:
This article examines the processes of community building among American Indians who migrated to Portland, Oregon, in the decades following World War II, contextualized within a larger movement of Indians to the cities of the United States and shifts in government relations with Indian people. It argues that, during the 1960s, working-and middle-class Indians living in Portland came together and formed groups that enabled them to cultivate "Indianness" or to "be Indian" in the city. As the decade wore on, Indian migration to Portland increased, the social problems of urban Indians became more visible, and a younger generation emerged to challenge the leadership of Portland's established Indian organizations. Influenced by both their college educations and a national Indian activist movement, these new leaders promoted a repositioning of Indianness, taking Indian identity as the starting point from which to solve urban Indian problems. By the mid-1970s, the younger generation of college-educated Indians gained a government mandate and ascended to the helm of Portland's Indian community. In winning support from local, state, and federal officials, these leaders reflected fundamental changes under way in the administration of U.S. Indian affairs not only in Portland, but also across the country.
4
Barrett, Douglas E. "Acoustical Acceptance Testing of Portland (Oregon) International Airport Ground Run-Up Enclosure." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1859, no. 1 (January 2003): 38–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1859-05.
Full textAbstract:
The Port of Portland constructed an aircraft ground run-up enclosure (GRE) at Portland International Airport (PDX) to allow unrestricted daytime and nighttime aircraft maintenance run-ups while complying with Oregon Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ) standards for community noise levels. To ensure compliance with the DEQ standards, a rigorous acoustical acceptance testing specification was developed and implemented. The PDX specification included measurements of three representative aircraft run-ups conducted at the GRE site (i.e., with GRE) and at a nearby equivalent site (i.e., without GRE). At each test site, measurements were required at six microphone locations at a reference distance of 400 ft (120 m) from the test aircraft, where variability in measured sound levels due to meteorological conditions would be limited. Although not part of the official acceptance test, simultaneous measurements were conducted in representative community locations as the start of ongoing community monitoring to be conducted by the Port of Portland. In April 2001, the GRE met the acoustical acceptance testing specifications and demonstrated compliance with the DEQ community requirements. The multiple-microphone arrays displayed the significant effect of noise shielding provided by aircraft fuselages and suggested that modifications may be appropriate for future applications of the test procedure.
5
Hennings, Lori A., and W. Daniel Edge. "RIPARIAN BIRD COMMUNITY STRUCTURE IN PORTLAND, OREGON: HABITAT, URBANIZATION, AND SPATIAL SCALE PATTERNS." Condor 105, no. 2 (2003): 288. http://dx.doi.org/10.1650/0010-5422(2003)105[0288:rbcsip]2.0.co;2.
Full text
6
Hennings, Lori A., and W. Daniel Edge. "Riparian Bird Community Structure in Portland, Oregon: Habitat, Urbanization, and Spatial Scale Patterns." Condor 105, no. 2 (May 1, 2003): 288–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/condor/105.2.288.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract In 1999, we surveyed breeding bird and plant communities along 54 streams in the Portland, Oregon, metropolitan region to link bird community metrics with structural and spatial characteristics of urban riparian areas. Canonical correspondence analysis produced two explanatory axes relating to vegetation and road density. Total and non-native bird abundance was higher in narrow forests. Native bird abundance was greater in narrow forests surrounded by undeveloped lands; native species richness and diversity were greater in less-developed areas. Native resident and short-distance-migrant abundance was higher in narrow forests, and diversity was positively associated with developed lands. Neotropical migrant abundance, richness, and diversity were greater in open-canopied areas with fewer roads. We examined spatial relationships by regressing bird variables on satellite-derived forest canopy cover, area of undeveloped lands, and street density in a series of 50-m buffers within a 500-m radius around study sites. Non-native bird abundance decreased with increasing canopy cover within 450 m, but most other relationships were strongest at smaller scales (50–100 m). Our results suggest that increasing urban canopy cover is the most valuable land management action for conserving native breeding birds. A hierarchical scheme for Neotropical migrant conservation might include increasing forest canopy within 450 m of streams to control non-native species and cowbirds; reducing street density within a 100-m radius of streams; and conserving or planting onsite native trees and shrubs. Estructura de Comunidades Riparias de Aves en Portland, Oregon: Hábitat, Urbanización y Patrones de Escala Espacial Resumen. Censamos las comunidades de aves reproductivas y plantas a lo largo de 54 arroyos en el área metropolitana de Portland, Oregon en 1999 para conectar medidas de comunidades de aves con características estructurales y espaciales de zonas riparias urbanas. Análisis de correspondencia canónica produjeron dos ejes explicativos relacionados con la vegetación y la densidad de carreteras. La abundancia total de aves y la de aves no nativas fueron mayores en bosques estrechos. La abundancia de aves nativas fue mayor en bosques estrechos rodeados por terrenos rurales y la riqueza y diversidad de especies fueron mayores en áreas menos desarrolladas. La abundancia de residentes nativas y migratorias de corta distancia fue mayor en bosques estrechos y su diversidad estuvo asociada positivamente con terrenos desarrollados. La abundancia, riqueza y diversidad de las migratorias neotropicales fueron mayores en áreas de dosel abierto y con pocas carreteras. Examinamos las relaciones espaciales mediante regresiones entre variables de aves y la cobertura del dosel derivada de imágenes satelitales, el área de terrenos sin desarrollar y la densidad de calles en una serie de áreas de 50 m de ancho en un radio de 500 m alrededor de los sitios de estudio. La abundancia de aves no nativas disminuyó con aumentos en la cobertura del dosel hasta 450 m, pero la mayoría de las demás relaciones fueron más fuertes a escalas menores (50–100 m). Nuestros resultados sugieren que el incremento de la cobertura del dosel en áreas urbanas es la estrategia de manejo más valiosa para conservar las aves nativas que se reproducen en el área. Un esquema jerárquico para la conservación de las migratorias neotropicales podría incluir aumentar la cobertura de bosque a menos de 450 m de los arroyos para controlar a las especies no nativas y a los Molothrus, reducir la densidad de calles dentro de un radio de 100 m alrededor de los arroyos y conservar o plantar árboles y arbustos nativos.
7
Baker, Leah. "Learning to Ally: Partnerism and the Portland Protests." Interdisciplinary Journal of Partnership Studies 7, no. 2 (December 16, 2020): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.24926/ijps.v7i2.3440.
Full textAbstract:
While the Black Lives Matter protests in Portland, Oregon have been largely portrayed in the media as destructive, violent, chaotic, and without focus, many participants experienced something entirely different. This article shares one white person’s experience in a number of racial justice gatherings and protests in Portland from June until August 2020, on the ground and on the “front lines” – in the spirit of and with a focus on social justice, community, and caring, and through a partnership studies (partnerism) lens.
8
Bouranis, Nicole, Sherril Gelmon, Elizabeth Needham Waddell, Dawn Richardson, Hyeyoung Woo, and Allison Lindauer. "Improving Dementia Clinical Research Participation: Strategies From a Portland, Oregon, Pilot Study." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 57–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.187.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The NIA’s strategy to improve ADRD clinical research participation emphasizes local community collaboration. Literature that focuses on a person with dementia’s decision to participate in research does not speak to specific state or local factors nor the effects of local efforts. This study aimed to develop strategies to improve dementia research participation in the Portland, OR metropolitan area. A community advisory board comprised of clinicians, researchers, advocates, people with dementia, family caregivers, and older African Americans was established for this project. Thirty-three interviews were conducted with clinicians, researchers, advocates, people with ADRD, and family caregivers. The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation’s Culture of Health Action Framework was used to conceptualize motivation strategies and reflect elements that describe research participation among people with dementia. Strategies were identified to improve dementia clinical research participation: 1) Identify and promote local champions for ADRD clinical research participation; 2) Promote policies and processes that incentive cross-sector collaboration; 3) Recognize caregivers as full research participants; 4) Include people with ADRD and caregivers in the research design process; 5) Offer alternative options to reduce participation burden; 6) Evaluate and improve relationships between healthcare/research staff and patients/participants. These strategies can be used in conjunction with the Culture of Health Action Framework as a roadmap to form organization-community partnerships, facilitate motivation and empowerment, give decision-making power to people with ADRD and promote a local culture of research. Studies should be conducted in a larger context or as pilots in other communities to determine contextual relevance and generalizability for other areas.
9
Jolin, Annette, and Charles A. Moose. "Evaluating a Domestic Violence Program in a Community Policing Environment: Research Implementation Issues." Crime & Delinquency 43, no. 3 (July 1997): 279–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011128797043003003.
Full textAbstract:
The law enforcement response to domestic violence has changed dramatically in the last two decades. The most recent changes came about in the wake of community policing and its core elements: partnership and problem solving. This article traces the impact of these community policing values on the formation and operation of a domestic violence reduction program in Portland, Oregon. The differences between the police response to domestic violence in the context of traditional policing versus community policing are highlighted. Particular attention is given to the role of research in police policy formation when community policing principles are implemented.
10
London, Jeffrey. "Portland Oregon, Music Scenes, and Change: A Cultural Approach to Collective Strategies of Empowerment." City & Community 16, no. 1 (March 2017): 47–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cico.12222.
Full textAbstract:
This article highlights the role of the independent music culture of Portland, Oregon, in establishing a productive culture of consumption and spaces that contribute to the place character of the city. Derived from an ethnographic research project of urban culture and social change in Portland, Oregon, guided interviews and extended participant observation helped to bring to light the cultural economy that artists and musicians make for the city. The cultural production of Portlanders in the indie music community, and those who work and produce in neighborhood settings, has served the city in the most recent period of rapid gentrification. Many scholars have focused on the way bohemian concentrations have led to gentrification; others have highlighted the contingent labor that art makers provide. What I argue here is as the city develops in these ways, artisanal workers and music makers work to use their established networks and situated meaning in the city to fend off these processes and extend their presence in space. Through these collective strategies of empowerment, culture and music move into political discourse and affect political action on the city level.
11
Curiel, John A., Gary D. Slade, Thu-Mai L. Christian, Sophia Lafferty-Hess, Thomas M. Carsey, and Anne E. Sanders. "Referendum opposition to fluoridation and health literacy: a cross-sectional analysis conducted in three large US cities." BMJ Open 9, no. 2 (February 2019): e022580. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-022580.
Full textAbstract:
ObjectiveTo explore health literacy as a marker of voter confusion in order to understand the basis for public opposition to community water fluoridation.DesignA cross-sectional study.SettingConducted in three large US cities of San Antonio, Texas (602 voting precincts); Wichita, Kansas (171 voting precincts); and Portland, Oregon (132 voting precincts). Precinct-level voting data were compiled from community water fluoridation referendums conducted in San Antonio in 2002, Wichita in 2012 and Portland in 2013.ParticipantsVoter turnout expressed as a percentage of registered voters was 38% in San Antonio (n=2 92 811), 47% in Wichita (n=129 199) and 38% in Portland (n=164 301).Main outcome measuresThe dependent variable was the percentage of votes in favour of fluoridating drinking water. Precinct-level voting data were mapped to precinct scores of health literacy, and to US Census and American Community Survey characteristics of race/ethnicity, age, income and educational attainment. Multilevel regression with post-stratification predicted the precinct mean health literacy scores, with weights generated from the National Association of Adult Literacy health literacy survey, with item response theory computed scoring for health literacy. Predictive models on voter support of community water fluoridation were compared using robust linear regression to determine how precinct-level characteristics influenced voter support in order to determine whether health literacy explained more variance in voting preference than sociodemographic characteristics.ResultsPrecinct-level health literacy was positively associated with voter turnout, although sociodemographic characteristics were better predictors of turnout. Approximately 60% of voters opposed community water fluoridation in Wichita and Portland, whereas in San Antonio, a small majority (53%) voted in favour of it. Models suggest that a one SD increase in health literacy scores predicted a 12 percentage point increase support for community water fluoridation.ConclusionEducational attainment and health literacy are modifiable characteristics associated with voting precincts' support for community water fluoridation.
12
Bredeson, Kate. "We Will Remember That We Came Together in Protest and Mutual Aid." Theatre Survey 62, no. 3 (August 23, 2021): 357–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0040557421000314.
Full textAbstract:
The year of COVID-19 social distancing is a reminder that people can and will gather in person in mass acts of resistance and community care, even in a pandemic. This year highlights how theatres, theatre skills, and theatrical techniques can be a key part of community building and dissent. The examples of the Twin Cities in summer 2020; Portland, Oregon, in 2020–1; and France in spring-summer 2021 showcase the potential for theatre artists to use their skills and spaces to support protest work. I highlight these three examples due to my personal connections (I am from the Twin Cities; live in Portland and serve as a legal observer during the Protests; and, in my scholarship, specialize in French theatre and protest), due to the scale of these actions, and in order to amplify the pandemic protest and performance work happening in these places. Together, the efforts of Twin Cities, Portland, and French activists and artists showcase how, against a backdrop of mourning and anxiety, the pandemic has been a time of invigoration in mass protest, mutual aid, and coming together to try to build better worlds.
13
Dajnowska, Renata. "Dbałość o zachowanie języka ojczystego na emigracji (na przykładzie Szkoły Polskiej w Portland, Oregon)." Z Teorii i Praktyki Dydaktycznej Języka Polskiego 28 (December 29, 2019): 127–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.31261/tpdjp.2019.28.08.
Full textAbstract:
The study presents research showing the possibilities of making the mother tongue/native language available to children whose parents do not know Polish or have minimal knowledge of it. The research was conducted on the basis of the dynamics of development of the Polish School in Portland in the years 2011—2013. Using questionnaires, a survey, community interview, and questions in an interview, comprehensive information was collected from parents, students and teachers. The information concerned, among others, the following issues: the demographic outline and cultural affiliation of parents, the level of knowledge of the Polish language by parents, as well as parents’, teachers’ and students’ beliefs about maintaining the Polish language. On the basis of the results and conclusions from the research, the author tries to indicate ways to improve the educational situation of Polonia children.
14
Ramaley, Judith A. "Working Together Differently: Addressing the Housing Crisis in Oregon." Metropolitan Universities 28, no. 2 (May 17, 2017): 22–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.18060/21513.
Full textAbstract:
Universities are being asked to prepare our students to navigate successfully in a complex and interconnected world and to contribute to the solution of difficult problems at work and in the communities where they live. Our universities must do the same. We must adapt our approaches to education, scholarship and community involvement in order to play a meaningful role in addressing the increasingly complex and wicked problems that our communities face. The housing crisis in Portland, Oregon offers an especially important example of a wicked problem that has developed slowly, will be very costly to resolve and involves a lot of uncertainty due to unpredictable social, economic and environmental factors. In 2015, policymakers in communities throughout Oregon began talking about a housing crisis as people searching for affordable housing found themselves competing with both the growing popularity of Oregon as a place to live and a real estate investment boom. Rents rose at a rate of $100/month and over 24,000 units were needed to meet the demand in 2015. The problem remains acute in 2016. This article uses community efforts to understand and address the housing crisis as a focus to explore the changing roles of the university in participating in and contributing to these new social networks, multi-stakeholder initiatives and collaborations.
15
Farquhar, Stephanie, and Yvonne Michael. "Poder es Salud/Power for Health: an application of the community health worker model in Portland, Oregon." Journal of Interprofessional Care 18, no. 4 (January 2004): 445–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13561820400011750.
Full text
16
MacDonald, Jeffery. "Crossing the Minefield: Politics of Refugee Research and Service." Practicing Anthropology 18, no. 1 (January 1, 1996): 5–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/praa.18.1.h0307t0058525361.
Full textAbstract:
For the past seven years I have worked in dual roles as an ethnographic researcher and an applied anthropologist/social worker in the Southeast Asian refugee community in Portland, Oregon. I began doing research within a single ethnic community of Iu-Mien (Yao) refugees from Laos. Like many refugee researchers, I soon became an applied anthropologist, first providing services for the Iu-Mien. Later, I took a position in a refugee resettlement social service agency where I began to work with other Southeast Asian ethnic communities, providing direct client services and training, doing needs assessment research, and managing and designing culturally specific programs for Southeast Asians.
17
Young, Elliott. "From Sanctuary to Civil Disobedience." Radical History Review 2019, no. 135 (October 1, 2019): 171–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/01636545-7607908.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Sanctuary for immigrant students was an effective mobilizing strategy for universities and colleges in the wake of Donald Trump’s election. At Lewis & Clark College in Portland, Oregon, a group of faculty organized a Civil Disobedience Workshop in the spring semester to help students, faculty, staff, and community members think through past and present examples of civil disobedience. Organized as a democratic workshop, each week was devoted to a different aspect of civil disobedience, from the philosophical underpinnings of the idea to examples of civil disobedience around the world, in Portland and on our own campus. The effort to create a democratic learning space outside of the hierarchical structures of the college was a primary goal of this experiment. The lightning-fast mobilization around sanctuary campuses provided both the inspiration and the organizing basis for the genesis of this workshop.
18
Tuepker, Anais, Linda Boise, Folashade Onadeko, and Teresa Gipson. "What's in a number? Counting the African population of Portland, Oregon: methods, issues and implications for community health collaborations." International Journal of Migration, Health and Social Care 7, no. 4 (November 17, 2011): 164–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/17479891111206292.
Full text
19
Inlow, Alana R. "Does Land Use Matter? Understanding Homicide Counts Beyond the Effects of Social Disorganization." Homicide Studies 24, no. 4 (November 5, 2019): 311–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1088767919884672.
Full textAbstract:
This study assesses the relationship between land use, measured as percent zoning designation per square kilometer in a census tract, and homicide counts in Portland, Oregon, while controlling for other neighborhood characteristics. Negative binomial models are implemented to account for the overdispersed homicide count indicator. Results suggest that some land use variables—specifically, mixed-use residential (positive association) and single-family residential (negative association)—have significant predictive value for homicide counts beyond neighborhood characteristics and socioeconomic variables deemed important by criminological theory and research.
20
Wolfe, Emily R., Stefanie Kautz, Sebastian L. Singleton, and Daniel J. Ballhorn. "Differences in foliar endophyte communities of red alder (Alnus rubra) exposed to varying air pollutant levels." Botany 96, no. 12 (December 2018): 825–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjb-2018-0085.
Full textAbstract:
In the Pacific Northwest, Alnus rubra Bong. (red alder) is a common deciduous tree species especially prevalent in riparian corridors and disturbed sites, including metropolitan areas undergoing land use changes and development. Importantly, red alder is also considered a bioindicator for ozone pollution and, like all plants, harbors a diverse endophyte community that may interact with aerial pollutants. In this study, we surveyed foliar fungal endophyte communities (microfungi) in red alder leaves from the metropolitan area of Portland, Oregon, USA, using culture-based techniques, and found that communities differed significantly by site. Our results suggest that the fungal endophyte community composition in red alder leaves may be influenced in part by local air pollution sources, likely in conjunction with other site characteristics. As urban areas expand, more studies should focus on how the urban environment affects plant–microbe community ecology and endophyte–host interactions, as well as on the long-term consequences for other ecosystem processes such as leaf litter decomposition.
21
Wernher, Iris A. "DEFINING DEMENTIA-FRIENDLY COMMUNITIES FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF THOSE AFFECTED: A QUALITATIVE APPROACH." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (November 2019): S452. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.1694.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Cities and communities across the globe are pledging to become more “dementia friendly,” yet many communities lack direction as to what this pledge might entail. This poster describes findings from a qualitative study conducted in and around Portland, Oregon. The goal was to better understand how communities can become more dementia friendly – from the perspective of those directly affected by the disease. The study further aimed to clarify how a city or community’s age- and dementia-friendly efforts can be integrated. Fifty community-dwelling participants – 25 individuals living with dementia and their 25 informal care partners – were interviewed separately. The questions centered on the participants’ daily lives, barriers to and opportunities for realizing desired activities, and the participants’ thoughts on how communities can become better and more inclusive places for people living with dementia. The analysis of the interviews yielded common themes, such as social inclusion, public awareness, and transportation, which served to develop a framework of dementia friendliness. This framework was compared to the World Health Organization’s framework of age friendliness to identify areas of overlap and divergence, providing the foundation for a synergistic integration of dementia-friendly initiatives into the greater context of age friendliness. Finally, the answers of individuals living with dementia and those of their care partners were compared to identify similarities and differences in their perspectives. The study was funded, in part, by Oregon citizens through the Alzheimer’s Disease Research Fund of the Oregon Charitable Checkoff Program, administered by the Oregon Partnership for Alzheimer’s Research.
22
Harris, Nomi L., Heather Wiencko, Brad Chapman, Peter J. A. Cock, Karsten Hokamp, Hilmar Lapp, Chris Fields, and Bastian Greshake Tzovaras. "The 2018 Bioinformatics Open Source Conference (GCCBOSC 2018)." F1000Research 7 (August 17, 2018): 1309. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.15936.1.
Full textAbstract:
In 2018, the annual Bioinformatics Open Source Conference was held for the first time in conjunction with the Galaxy Community Conference, as an experiment to see if we could reach people in the bioinformatics community who aren’t part of the audience attracted by ISMB. Held in June 2018 at Reed College in Portland, Oregon, GCCBOSC (Galaxy Community Conference and Bioinformatics Open Source Conference) attracted over 300 participants from around the world. The meeting started with two days of training, followed by two days of talks and poster/demo sessions (with some joint and some parallel sessions). The joint sessions included well-received keynote talks by Tracy Teal, Fernando Pérez and Lucia Peixoto, as well as a panel discussion about documentation and training. After the main meeting, many attendees stayed for up to four additional collaboration days, an extended version of the Codefests that have been held in conjunction with previous BOSCs. GCCBOSC was a successful experiment. The organizers concluded that the best way to serve the broadest community of potential BOSC attendees will be to partner some years with the International Society for Computational Biology (ISMB) and others with GCC.
23
MORGENSTERN, ALAN, HAROLD BOVERMAN, and LINDA GANZINI. "A psychiatrist in hospice." Palliative and Supportive Care 1, no. 1 (March 2003): 89–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1478951503030104.
Full textAbstract:
Dr. Alan Morgenstern joined the psychiatry faculty at Oregon Health and Science University (OHSU) in 1965. He also served as chairman of psychiatry at Good Samaritan Hospital and Medical Center in Portland, Oregon. His many accomplishments include his part in a World Health Organization Travel-Study Fellowship. He served as a senior examiner for the American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology and he published a critique of this process, which resulted in a humanization of the experience for examinees. While teaching at OHSU he had a tremendous impact on generations of students who were impressed by his humane approach to medicine. He received the OHSU Meritorious Achievement Award for Teaching. He also served as a captain in the United States Air Force School of Aerospace Medicine. His close friend, Harold Boverman, M.D., wrote, “He loved his family, his work, his patients, his friends, and his music; his license plate read ‘etude.’”Dr. Morgenstern contacted us regarding his hope that we would facilitate publishing this account of his experience as a hospice patient. This represents an edited version of his manuscript. L.G. and H.B.
24
Alves Carvalho Nascimento, Lorena, and Vivek Shandas. "Integrating Diverse Perspectives for Managing Neighborhood Trees and Urban Ecosystem Services in Portland, OR (US)." Land 10, no. 1 (January 7, 2021): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10010048.
Full textAbstract:
Municipalities worldwide are increasingly recognizing the importance of urban green spaces to mitigate climate change’s extreme effects and improve residents’ quality of life. Even with extensive earlier research examining the distribution of tree canopy in cities, we know little about human perceptions of urban forestry and related ecosystem services. This study aims to fill this gap by examining the variations in socioeconomic indicators and public perceptions by asking how neighborhood trees and socioeconomic indicators mediate public perceptions of ecosystem services availability. Using Portland, Oregon (USA) as our case study, we assessed socioeconomic indicators, land cover data, and survey responses about public perceptions of neighborhood trees. Based on over 2500 survey responses, the results indicated a significant correlation among tree canopy, resident income, and sense of ownership for urban forestry. We further identified the extent to which the absence of trees amplifies environmental injustices and challenges for engaging communities with landscape management. The results suggested that Portland residents are aware of tree maintenance challenges, and the inclusion of cultural ecosystem services can better address existing environmental injustices. Our assessment of open-ended statements suggested the importance of conducting public outreach to identify specific priorities for a community-based approach to urban forestry.
25
Ersson, O., and K. King. "The Kailash Ecovillage project converting human excreta into organic foodstuffs and sanitized compost using new international building codes for compost toilet and urine diversion systems." Blue-Green Systems 1, no. 1 (January 1, 2019): 33–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/bgs.2019.192.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Since March 2014, a sustainably focused community located on a 0.7 hectares site in Portland, Oregon, USA, has been undertaking an experimental composting toilet system modeled after the Water Efficiency and Sanitation Standard (WE-Stand) set out by the International Association of Plumbing and Mechanical Officials (IAPMO). This system collects urine and hot composts human excreta in a dry-composting toilet system for eventual use on the community's organic gardens. The system design reduces the need to access municipal water, sewer, and electrical infrastructure, enhancing emergency preparedness. It conserves an otherwise wasted nutrient flow, and safely produces a valuable compost. The system consists of urine collection vessels, multiple portable collection containers for excreta, toilet paper, and additive, and a compost processor. Urine diversion has allowed the community to reclaim nitrogen and other nutrients otherwise lost in conventional sewage systems, resulting in large savings of potable water and significant carbon sequestration via topsoil creation. Logs showed thermophilic compost temperatures. Compost and urine pathogen testing met American National Standards Institute and National Sanitation Foundation Standard 41 requirements.
26
Kahn, Kimberly Barsamian, Kris Henning, Greg Stewart, Brian C. Renauer, Christian Peterson, Renée Jean Mitchell, Yves Labissiere, and Sean Sothern. "Public response to community engagement patrols in high crime areas." Policing: An International Journal 42, no. 5 (October 10, 2019): 917–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/pijpsm-04-2019-0051.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to evaluate an experiment to improve residents’ opinions of the police in Portland, Oregon. Officers conducted community engagement patrols (CEPs) in 60 high-crime areas. The CEPs prioritized non-investigative contacts with community members to build trust and promote positive police–community interactions in designated high-crime locations. It is hypothesized that community members living in/near intervention sites would report greater exposure to officers, more positive interactions and feel more positively about police than residents in control areas. Design/methodology/approach In total, 90 crime hot spots were identified using crime reports and calls for service. Locations were randomized into three groups: 2 CEPs/day (n=30), 4 CEPs/day (n=30), and control (i.e. no supplemental patrols, n=30). Officers were dispatched to treatment locations via the computer-aided dispatch system for 90 consecutive days, resulting in 16,200 scheduled CEPs. Surveys were mailed to 11,760 households immediately after the intervention ended and 1,537 were returned (13.1 percent). Findings Residents from intervention areas reported a higher number of positive police contacts, whereas contacts that residents perceived as negative did not differ between the three conditions. Community attitudes, including perceived police legitimacy, were generally unaffected by CEP dosage. Originality/value This paper documents the outcomes of a large-scale field experiment seeking to improve public attitudes toward police using directed CEPs in crime hot spots. Whereas the intervention succeeded in providing more opportunities for positive contact with police, attitude change may necessitate longer-term strategies.
27
Curry-Stevens, Ann. "Emerging Evidence of the Value of Culturally Specific Organizations: Results of a Delphi and Consumer Voice Study." Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal 7, no. 12 (January 8, 2021): 565–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.712.9467.
Full textAbstract:
A set of culturally specific organizations in Portland, Oregon has been generating excellent results for clients and communities of color. Four of them have developed a collective impact initiative to reduce child poverty among communities of color, with backbone support from United Way, and the inclusion of one “culturally responsive” organization. This research seeks to answer, “How do these organizations achieve excellent results with clients of color?” Our answer, through a two-part Delphi and Consumer Voice study, identifies a far-ranging set of assets, only part of which are staffing characteristics. These assets have been affirmed by a statistically significant survey of consumers, encompassing the following nine domains: being community embedded, creating a culture of success, being responsive to community needs, advocating to improve community and client success, being culturally relevant, and providing a comprehensive continuum of services. Delivery attributes include relying heavily on a rich relationship model, being inclusive, and having staff be personally invested in client success. Clients confirmed that all nine domains are important to their lives, and rated their overall satisfaction with the organizations at 92.7%, far above the published national average of 77%. The paper concludes with a synthesis of the study’s relevance for policy makers, funders and practitioners.
28
King, Caroline, Taylor Vega, Dana Button, Christina Nicolaidis, Jessica Gregg, and Honora Englander. "Understanding the impact of the SARS-COV-2 pandemic on hospitalized patients with substance use disorder." PLOS ONE 16, no. 2 (February 26, 2021): e0247951. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0247951.
Full textAbstract:
Background The SARS-COV-2 pandemic rapidly shifted dynamics around hospitalization for many communities. This study aimed to evaluate how the pandemic altered the experience of healthcare, acute illness, and care transitions among hospitalized patients with substance use disorder (SUD). Methods We performed a qualitative study at an academic medical center in Portland, Oregon, in Spring 2020. We conducted semi-structured interviews, and conducted a thematic analysis, using an inductive approach, at a semantic level. Results We enrolled 27 participants, and identified four main themes: 1) shuttered community resources threatened patients’ basic survival adaptations; 2) changes in outpatient care increased reliance on hospitals as safety nets; 3) hospital policy changes made staying in the hospital harder than usual; and, 4) care transitions out of the hospital were highly uncertain. Discussion Hospitalized adults with SUD were further marginalized during the SARS-COV-2 pandemic. Systems must address the needs of marginalized patients in future disruptive events.
29
Peters, Joyce M., Torry Piazza Templeman, and Glenn Brostrom. "The School and Community Partnership: Planning Transition for Students with Severe Handicaps." Exceptional Children 53, no. 6 (April 1987): 531–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001440298705300607.
Full textAbstract:
This article describes a process to provide solutions to the prevalent problem of interagency collaboration in planning for transition outcomes. The project is implementing and evaluating the process in seven Oregon sites that differed in respect to numbers of students served, rural versus urban, and availability of a range of adult service options. Results to date support the inclusion of procedures such as an outside stimulus to initiate the collaborative effort; locally generated plans; transitions teams empowered with policy-level decision making; and follow-up technical assistance at the administrative and direct service level.
30
Mariner, Kathryn A. "American Elegy: A Triptych." Public Culture 32, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 5–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/08992363-7816269.
Full textAbstract:
On March 26, 2018, Jennifer Hart drove her SUV off a cliff along the northern coast of California with her partner and at least five of their transracially adopted Black children inside. Their remains were recovered at the crash site. As of this writing, a sixth child, Devonte, remains missing and is presumed dead. Four years before the crash, Devonte was famously photographed at the age of twelve, tearfully hugging a white police officer at a Ferguson rally in Portland, Oregon. By simultaneously occupying the feel-good spectacle of interracial intimacy and the everyday tragedy of interracial violence, Devonte embodies and embodied the conditions of contemporary Black life and death in the United States. His disappearance is intimately linked to other forms and histories of American state violence. Through cultural analysis, autoethnography, and poetic intervention, this essay performs wake work as a method for living with the unmournable.
31
Graham, Thomas L. Crofoot, and Kevin Corcoran. "Mental Health Screening Results for Native American and Euro-American Youth in Oregon Juvenile Justice Settings." Psychological Reports 92, no. 3_suppl (June 2003): 1053–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.2003.92.3c.1053.
Full textAbstract:
Mental health needs of Native American youth in the Oregon juvenile justice system are compared to those of Euro-American youth. The comparison is between 109 Euro-American youth and 22 Native American youth drawn from two samples of youth adjudicated to community service and incarcerated. The youth completed a mental health history and indices of mental health and health status. Native American youth are disproportionately represented in the Oregon juvenile justice system. Mental health profiles of Native American youth reflect problems at least as severe as those of Euro-American youth, and both Native American and Euro-American youth in the juvenile justice system had profiles different from those of youth not referred for clinical services. More Native American youth .(42.5%) compared to Euro-American youth (27.5%) reported considering suicide in the past 12 months. Mental health screenings for both Native American and Euro-American youth are indicated.
32
Paton, Douglas, Bruce F. Houghton, Chris E. Gregg, David McIvor, David M. Johnston, Petra Bürgelt, Penny Larin, et al. "Managing Tsunami Risk: Social Context Influences on Preparedness." Journal of Pacific Rim Psychology 3, no. 1 (May 1, 2009): 27–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/prp.3.1.27.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThis article describes the testing of a model that proposes that people's beliefs regarding the effectiveness of hazard preparedness interact with social context factors (community participation, collective efficacy, empowerment and trust) to influence levels of hazard preparedness. Using data obtained from people living in coastal communities in Alaska and Oregon that are susceptible to experiencing tsunami, structural equation modelling analyses confirmed the ability of the model to help account for differences in levels of tsunami preparedness. Analysis revealed that community members and civic agencies influence preparedness in ways that are independent of the information provided per se. The model suggests that, to encourage people to prepare, outreach strategies must (a) encourage community members to discuss tsunami hazard issues and to identify the resources and information they need to deal with the consequences a tsunami would pose for them and (b) ensure that the community-agency relationship is complementary and empowering.
33
Dawson, Walter, Allyson Stodola, Serena Hasworth, Jason Kyler-Yano, Jaclyn Winfree, and Linda Dreyer. "Oregon's Behavioral Health Initiative for Older Adults and People With Disabilities at 5 Years: Where to From Here?" Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.113.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Oregon’s Behavioral Health Initiative for Older Adults and People with Disabilities is entering its fifth year. This novel state-level Initiative seeks to better coordinate services and resources for older adults and people with disabilities who have behavioral health needs by assigning a Behavioral Health Specialist (BHS) for every 60,000 adults 65 + and embedding them within local service agencies around Oregon. BHS primary job functions include improving coordination and collaboration between local service agencies, providing complex case consultations (CCC), and delivering workforce development training and community education. Five years of data from Portland State University’s Institute on Aging’s ongoing evaluation of the Initiative suggests significant impact in terms of workforce development trainings, community education, and new community partnerships. Data are collected from BHS and Initiative stakeholders (e.g., aging services agencies). Data collection tools include quarterly reports from the BHS, including a CCC reporting instrument; semi-structured interviews with stakeholders assessing Initiative involvement; and an electronic post-training survey (and two-month follow-up survey) for stakeholders attending BHS trainings. After five years, the evaluation appears to show the Initiative has delivered an abundance of innovative collaborations, workforce trainings, and educational opportunities aimed at better supporting the behavioral health of older Oregonians. It also highlights several persistent systemic barriers including a need for additional public funding of behavioral health, the challenges of accessing Medicare for behavioral health, and siloed agencies and organizations. Future evaluative efforts could explore adding outcomes-based assessments of the Initiative, including local-level quality improvement projects initiated by BHS within their communities.
34
Crofoot. "Mental Health, Health, and Substance Abuse Service Needs for the Native American Rehabilitation Association Northwest (NARA NW) in the Portland, Oregon Metropolitan Area." American Indian and Alaska Native Mental Health Research 14, no. 3 (2007): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5820/aian.1403.2007.1.
Full text
35
Borghese, Michael, Melissa Brooks, Steven Earl, and Jennifer Naddaf. "Ride Forward – An Evaluation of Cycling in Two Ottawa Neighborhoods." Revue interdisciplinaire des sciences de la santé - Interdisciplinary Journal of Health Sciences 2, no. 2 (October 1, 2012): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.18192/riss-ijhs.v2i2.1516.
Full textAbstract:
Outdoor cycling (bicycling) is a low-impact form of exercise that improves cardiovascular fitness, muscle tone, range of motion and flexibility. It is an activity that may be beneficial to one’s physical, emotional, and mental health and well-being. The benefits to one’s social and emotional health and wellness may be derived from the social networking associated with being a member of a cycling community. The purpose of this project is to provide recommendations to improve the current and future state of cycling in the Sandy Hill Community Centre’s catchment areas of Old Ottawa East and Sandy Hill, two communities in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. A preliminary needs assessment was conducted, and recommendations were generated from the information gathered. In order to begin the needs assessment we required much information, such as the opinions and attitudes of community members regarding cycling. Through the extensive research of other current programs and groups of- fered both in Ottawa and other cities such as Montreal, Quebec, Canada and Portland, Oregon, United States we have found that the best cities provide a wide-range of cycling utilities for its citizens to accommodate different lifestyles. From the general knowledge that we gained from the research of other cities we designed a survey to identify the specific needs of Ottawa, and more specifically our target population of Sandy Hill and Old Ottawa East catchments areas. Information was then synthesized into a list of recommendations, as well as solutions to current problems. The recommendations generated from the data gathered from the needs assessment include the development of various community programs, such as a cycling resource centre, cycling buddy system, cycling groups, safe-cycling education, and a bike share initiative. The data gathered from the needs assessment also indicated a priority need for the regular maintenance of roads and bicycle lanes.
36
Unruh, Deanne, and Michael Bullis. "Female and Male Juvenile Offenders with Disabilities: Differences in the Barriers to Their Transition to the Community." Behavioral Disorders 30, no. 2 (February 2005): 105–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019874290503000207.
Full textAbstract:
This article examined differences between young women and men who were incarcerated juvenile offenders with disabilities in Oregon in terms of the barriers they faced in their transition from the correctional system back into the community. Data were gathered on 72 females and 276 males, all of whom presented disabilities and who were participating in a statewide project to support their transition from the juvenile correctional system back into the community. Logistic regression identified four barrier variables as more likely to be descriptive of female juvenile offenders with disabilities: (1) a history of running away from home or previous residential placements; (2) a history of suicide risk; (3) prior abuse or neglect; and (4) parenting responsibilities. Four other barrier variables were less likely to be descriptive of the female juvenile offender: (1) a specific learning disability; (b) Attention Deficit Disorder/Attention Hyperactive Disorder (ADD/ADHD); (3) retained a grade while in public school; and (4) an inability to maintain employment. The results are discussed relative to the development of gender-specific services in both the juvenile correctional facilities and in transition from the facility to the community.
37
Shipley, Andrew. "Social Comparison and prosocial behavior: An applied study of social identity theory in community food drives." Psychological Reports 102, no. 2 (April 2008): 425–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.102.2.425-434.
Full textAbstract:
Social Identity Theory and the concept of social comparison have inspired research on individuals, addressing effects of personal and environmental factors in directing social attention. The theory's conceptual origins, however, suggest that social comparison may have behavioral implications as well. Such behaviors may include attempts by an individual to enhance the relative status of his ingroup on a salient dimension of comparison. Such behavior is referred to as “social competition.” In two studies, the effects of social comparison and social competition were measured in the real-world environment of community food drives. Participants were aggregated by household; 600 households in upper middle-class neighborhoods in Eugene and Salem, Oregon, were contacted. In Study 1 of 300 households, it was hypothesized that inclusion of a social competition cue in requests for donation would significantly increase the likelihood of donation. This hypothesis was supported. Study 2 was done to clarify the possible role in a social comparison of perceived ingroup inferiority in the prior observed increase in donations. The inclusion of a social comparison cue in the donation request significantly increased donations in households of the second study. The findings suggest that researchers should expand study of the theory's behavioral implications, including the role of social comparison in prosocial behavior.
38
Kemmerer, A. "Free Movement of Persons within the European Community: Cross-Border Access to Public Benefits by A. Pieter van der Mei, Hart Publishing, Oxford and Portland/Oregon, 2003, xi + 528 pp." Yearbook of European Law 23, no. 1 (January 1, 2004): 444–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/yel/23.1.444.
Full text
39
Garland, Michael J. "Experts and the public: a needed partnership for genetic policy." Public Understanding of Science 8, no. 3 (July 1999): 241–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0963-6625/8/3/308.
Full textAbstract:
Scientists are wary of public participation in policy that influences the work of scientific discovery and technological application. In the area of genetic science this is particularly troublesome. The science and its applications are extremely complex. How the public can play a part in guiding the process is not clear. Yet genetic possibilities affect individuals and social groups intimately and the exercise of social responsibility for policies is imperative. A solution lies in effective partnership between scientific experts and the general public within the framework of representative democracy. Goals of education, information transfer, and community building point to methods for public participation. The community meeting approach used in the development of health care priorities in Oregon is highlighted. Obstacles to participation come from our weak sense of community, widespread political alienation, endemic cynicism, and problems of social voice.
40
Michelle, Carolyn. "Surrogate motherhood: international perspectives. Edited by Rachel Cook and Shelley Day Sclater, with Felicity Kaganas, Hart Publishing: Oxford and Portland, Oregon, 2003. pp. 308. Price: £35.00. ISBN 1-84113-255-1." Infant and Child Development 14, no. 3 (2005): 324–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/icd.400.
Full text
41
Steward, Shelly. "What does that shirt mean to you? Thrift-store consumption as cultural capital." Journal of Consumer Culture 20, no. 4 (December 3, 2017): 457–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1469540517745707.
Full textAbstract:
Recent work shows cultural capital taking increasingly vague and embodied forms. Attitudes and understandings of “creativity” and “authenticity,” for example, hold more symbolic value than any particular objects. How are these culturally valuable understandings defined and transmitted? This project examines thrift-store shopping to show how symbolic meanings are defined and employed as a form of embodied cultural capital. Ethnographic observation and interviews with shoppers at thrift stores in Portland, Oregon, reveal competing symbolic understandings among two groups of consumers. One group, the “thrift-seekers,” is motivated by a desire to find bargains. Members of this group describe their consumption as a game in which they are able to compete with other consumers. The other group, the “creativists,” comes from a more privileged background and is motivated by a rejection of conventional stores. They describe their consumption as an exercise of creativity through which they establish superiority over other consumers. Each group implicates the other as it constructs its narrative of consumption. Outside of the thrift store, the creativists employ their narratives of creativity as a form of cultural capital, giving them status in relation to similarly privileged peers. This project illustrates the embodied nature of contemporary cultural capital and shows how classes implicate one another in definitions of it. Furthermore, it demonstrates how thrift stores hold particular significance as sites in which embodied cultural capital is defined.
42
Lewinsohn, Peter M., Paul Rohde, and Jeffrey M. Gau. "Comparability of Self-Report Checklist and Interview Data in the Assessment of Stressful Life Events in Young Adults." Psychological Reports 93, no. 2 (October 2003): 459–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.2003.93.2.459.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the incremental value of conducting an interview to assess stressful life events over the self-report questionnaire approach, first by examining the degree to which life events reported on a questionnaire met inclusion criteria in a detailed stress interview, and second, by comparing the magnitude of prospective associations with depression symptoms for the two different assessment procedures. Data from the Oregon Adolescent Depression Project were examined, in which 191 community-residing young adults (55% female; M age = 23.6, SD = 0.6) completed a mailed questionnaire assessing the frequency with which 33 life events had occurred to them or to other important people in their lives prior to the diagnostic and stress interviews. An average of 67.5% of events occurring to self met criteria for classification as a life event on the stress interview, as did 19.7% of the events occurring to others. Events having a large effect on the participant had a greater likelihood of meeting inclusion criteria on the stress interview. Contrary to expectation, stress scores from the interview assessment did not result in stronger associations with depression. Recommendations for assessment of stressful life events are offered.
43
Rusby, Julie C., Erika Westling, Ryann Crowley, and John M. Light. "Legalization of recreational marijuana and community sales policy in Oregon: Impact on adolescent willingness and intent to use, parent use, and adolescent use." Psychology of Addictive Behaviors 32, no. 1 (February 2018): 84–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/adb0000327.
Full text
44
Horve, Patrick F., Leslie G. Dietz, Suzanne L. Ishaq, Jeff Kline, Mark Fretz, and Kevin G. Van Den Wymelenberg. "Viable bacterial communities on hospital window components in patient rooms." PeerJ 8 (July 27, 2020): e9580. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.9580.
Full textAbstract:
Previous studies demonstrate an exchange of bacteria between hospital room surfaces and patients, and a reduction in survival of microorganisms in dust inside buildings from sunlight exposure. While the transmission of microorganisms between humans and their local environment is a continuous exchange which generally does not raise cause for alarm, in a hospital setting with immunocompromised patients, these building-source microbial reservoirs may pose a risk. Window glass is often neglected during hospital disinfection protocols, and the microbial communities found there have not previously been examined. This pilot study examined whether living bacterial communities, and specifically the pathogens Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Clostridioides difficile (C. difficile), were present on window components of exterior-facing windows inside patient rooms, and whether relative light exposure (direct or indirect) was associated with changes in bacterial communities on those hospital surfaces. Environmental samples were collected from 30 patient rooms in a single ward at Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU) in Portland, Oregon, USA. Sampling locations within each room included the window glass surface, both sides of the window curtain, two surfaces of the window frame, and the air return grille. Viable bacterial abundances were quantified using qPCR, and community composition was assessed using Illumina MiSeq sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene V3/V4 region. Viable bacteria occupied all sampled locations, but was not associated with a specific hospital surface or relative sunlight exposure. Bacterial communities were similar between window glass and the rest of the room, but had significantly lower Shannon Diversity, theorized to be related to low nutrient density and resistance to bacterial attachment of glass compared to other surface materials. Rooms with windows that were facing west demonstrated a higher abundance of viable bacteria than those facing other directions, potentially because at the time of sampling (morning) west-facing rooms had not yet been exposed to sunlight that day. Viable C. difficile was not detected and viable MRSA was detected at very low abundance. Bacterial abundance was negatively correlated with distance from the central staff area containing the break room and nursing station. In the present study, it can be assumed that there is more human traffic in the center of the ward, and is likely responsible for the observed gradient of total abundance in rooms along the ward, as healthcare staff both deposit more bacteria during activities and affect microbial transit indoors. Overall, hospital window components possess similar microbial communities to other previously identified room locations known to act as reservoirs for microbial agents of hospital-associated infections.
45
Slovic, Paul. "41st Annual North American Meeting of the Society for Medical Decision Making; October 21, 2019; Portland, Oregon Keynote Address The More Who Die, the Less We Care: Confronting the Deadly Arithmetic of Compassion." Medical Decision Making 40, no. 4 (May 2020): 407–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0272989x20919294.
Full textAbstract:
In this keynote address delivered at the 41st Annual North American Meeting of the Society for Medical Decision Making, I discuss the psychology behind valuing human lives. Research confirms what we experience in our daily lives. We are inconsistent and sometimes incoherent in our valuation of human life. We value individual lives greatly, but these lives lose their value when they become part of a larger crisis. As a result, we do too little to protect human lives in the face of catastrophic threats from violence, natural disasters, and other causes. In medicine, this may pose difficult choices when treating individual patients with expensive therapies that keep hope alive but are not cost-effective for the population, for example, with end of life. Lifesaving judgments and decisions are highly context-dependent, subject to many forms of response mode and framing effects and affective biases. This has implications for risk communication and the concept of shared decision making. Slower, more introspective decision making may reduce some of the biases associated with fast, intuitive decisions. But slow thinking can also introduce serious biases. Understanding the strengths and weaknesses of fast and slow thinking is a necessary first step toward valuing lives humanely and improving decisions.
46
Slovic, Paul. "41st Annual North American Meeting of the Society for Medical Decision Making; October 21, 2019; Portland, Oregon Keynote Address The More Who Die, the Less We Care: Confronting the Deadly Arithmetic of Compassion." MDM Policy & Practice 5, no. 1 (January 2020): 238146832091431. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2381468320914310.
Full textAbstract:
In this keynote address delivered at the 41st Annual North American Meeting of the Society for Medical Decision Making, I discuss the psychology behind valuing human lives. Research confirms what we experience in our daily lives. We are inconsistent and sometimes incoherent in our valuation of human life. We value individual lives greatly, but these lives lose their value when they become part of a larger crisis. As a result, we do too little to protect human lives in the face of catastrophic threats from violence, natural disasters, and other causes. In medicine, this may pose difficult choices when treating individual patients with expensive therapies that keep hope alive but are not cost-effective for the population, for example, with end of life. Lifesaving judgments and decisions are highly context-dependent, subject to many forms of response mode and framing effects and affective biases. This has implications for risk communication and the concept of shared decision making. Slower, more introspective decision making may reduce some of the biases associated with fast, intuitive decisions. But slow thinking can also introduce serious biases. Understanding the strengths and weaknesses of fast and slow thinking is a necessary first step toward valuing lives humanely and improving decisions.
47
Capaldi, Deborah M. "Co-occurrence of conduct problems and depressive symptoms in early adolescent boys: I. Familial factors and general adjustment at Grade 6." Development and Psychopathology 3, no. 3 (July 1991): 277–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579400005319.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractClinical studies indicate that depression and conduct disorder frequently co-occur in children. Research on the correlates of depression in children has frequently failed to control for this co-occurrence, and little is known about the family background and characteristics of children displaying both problem behaviors. An at-risk community sample of 203 early adolescent boys in the Oregon Youth Study was divided into the following groups: (a) those showing elevated conduct problems and depressed mood, (b) those showing elevated conduct problems only, (c) those showing elevated depressed mood only, and (d) those with neither problem. Multimethod, multiagent assessments were conducted at Grade 6. The four groups were compared using multivariate analyses of variance. Demographic variables, parental characteristics, family-management practices, and boys' adjustment show some deficits in all three risk groups, and the patterns of deficits vary between groups. As hypothesized, the boys with conduct problems and depressed mood show the poorest adjustment. Results are consistent with a failure model, which hypothesizes that boys with conduct problems are at risk for failing to develop competence in areas such as academic skill and peer relations. In addition, their noxious behavior leads to poor relationships with parents and peers. These problems result in failures and rejection, which make them vulnerable to depressed mood.
48
Farmer, R. F., D. B. Kosty, J. R. Seeley, S. C. Duncan, M. T. Lynskey, P. Rohde, D. N. Klein, and P. M. Lewinsohn. "Natural course of cannabis use disorders." Psychological Medicine 45, no. 1 (May 12, 2014): 63–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s003329171400107x.
Full textAbstract:
BackgroundDespite its importance as a public health concern, relatively little is known about the natural course of cannabis use disorders (CUDs). The primary objective of this research was to provide descriptive data on the onset, recovery and recurrence functions of CUDs during the high-risk periods of adolescence, emerging adulthood and young adulthood based on data from a large prospective community sample.MethodProbands (n = 816) from the Oregon Adolescent Depression Project (OADP) participated in four diagnostic assessments (T1–T4) between the ages of 16 and 30 years, during which current and past CUDs were assessed.ResultsThe weighted lifetime prevalence of CUDs was 19.1% with an average onset age of 18.6 years. Although gender was not significantly related to the age of initial CUD onset, men were more likely to be diagnosed with a lifetime CUD. Of those diagnosed with a CUD episode, 81.8% eventually achieved recovery during the study period. Women achieved recovery significantly more quickly than men. The recurrence rate (27.7%) was relatively modest, and most likely to occur within the first 36 months following the offset of the first CUD episode. CUD recurrence was uncommon after 72 months of remission and recovery.ConclusionsCUDs are relatively common, affecting about one out of five persons in the OADP sample prior to the age of 30 years. Eventual recovery from index CUD episodes is the norm, although about 30% of those with a CUD exhibit a generally persistent pattern of problematic use extending 7 years or longer.
49
Capaldi, Deborah M. "Co-occurrence of conduct problems and depressive symptoms in early adolescent boys: II. A 2-year follow-up at Grade 8." Development and Psychopathology 4, no. 1 (January 1992): 125–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579400005605.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThe current study examines outcomes at Grade 8 for boys who, at Grade 6, displayed elevated, though not necessarily clinical, levels of conduct problems and depressive symptoms. An at-risk community sample of 203 early adolescent boys in the Oregon Youth Study, a multimethod/multiagent study, was divided into the following groups at Grade 6: (a) co-occurring conduct problems and depressed mood, (b) conduct problems only, (c) depressed mood only, and (d) neither problem. The four groups were compared at Grade 8 on family management and boy's adjustment, using multivariate analyses of variance. The groups were compared also on relationships with parents, delinquency, and suicidal ideation. As hypothesized, conduct problems showed higher stability than depressive symptoms from Grade 6 to Grade 8. The conduct-problem-only boys and boys with co-occurring conduct problems and depressive symptoms continued to show considerable adjustment deficits at Grade 8, whereas boys with only depressive symptoms showed some improvement. The co-occurring group showed elevated levels of suicidal ideation. As hypothesized, conduct problems at Grade 6 were predictive of increases in depressed mood by Grade 8, but depressed mood was not predictive of an increase in the conduct problems measure. Results are consistent with a failure model whereby lack of skill and noxious behavior lead to pervasive failures and vulnerability to depressed mood.
50
Simpson, Grahame, Tanya Secheny, Amanda Lane-Brown, Barbara Strettles, Kim Ferry, and Jane Phillips. "Post-acute Rehabilitation for People With Traumatic Brain Injury: A Model Description and Evaluation of the Liverpool Hospital Transitional Living Program." Brain Impairment 5, no. 1 (May 1, 2004): 67–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/brim.5.1.67.35401.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractTransitional Living Programs (TLPs) have been a standard component of traumatic brain injury (TBI) rehabilitation services for over two decades. The twofold aim of this study was to describe a TLP service model, and to examine the efficacy of standardised TBI-specific outcome scales for TLPs. A consecutive series of 50 residents admitted to the TLP over an 18-month period were administered a number of outcome measures at both admission and discharge. Mean duration of PTA for the sample was 60 days and average length of stay was 7 weeks. Measures included the Sydney Psychosocial Reintegration Scale (SPRS), the Mayo-Portland Adaptability Inventory (MPAI), the Brain Injury Community Rehabilitation Outcome (BICRO) scales and the Assessment of Living Skills and Resources Scale (ALSAR). Results showed significant improvements in the global scores for the SPRS, MPAI and ALSAR from admission to discharge. In contrast, a number of the BICRO scales exhibited floor or ceiling effects. Correlational analysis found moderate to strong associations between the SPRS, MPAI and ALSAR across a number of functional domains. Results to date show promise in identifying measures that are able to detect change over the course of a TLP admission. The findings lay the foundation for ongoing research into the effectiveness of such programs.