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1
Clark, Paul David. "Social capital and vanua challenges to governance development in a community-based natural resource management project in Cuvu Tikina, Fiji /." CONNECT TO THIS TITLE ONLINE, 2008. http://etd.lib.umt.edu/theses/available/etd-05202008-111818/.
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Shkurenko, Liubov. "Community water management and local governance : the case of Oaxen island." Thesis, KTH, Urbana och regionala studier, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-259675.
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Water has a critical role in sustaining both natural ecosystems and human livelihoods. However, nowadays intensive population growth and increasing pressure on natural resources lead to substantial issues related to water services provision. At the same time, mismanagement of water resources hinders water security and leads to escalation of water-related challenges. Thus, the research of principles for good water governance has got a substantial attention and aimed at establishing new policies and institutional frameworks for addressing those challenges. Pluralistic forms of governance, with the focus on community water governance has been advocated as a way to more sensibly tackle the complexity of issues linked to water systems. The present research aims to investigate the specifics of community water governance and analyze how community governance practices can contribute to a more sustainable management of water systems on the case of Oaxen island in Stockholm archipelago.
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Schiffer, Eva. "Community based natural resource management in Namibia: how does it influence local governance?" [S.l. : s.n.], 2004. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=974227501.
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Burneo, María Luisa, and Ortiz de Zevallos Anahí Chaparro. "Power, peasant communities and mining industry: community government and access to resources in Michiquillay’s case." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2012. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/78810.
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Este artículo analiza los cambios en el gobierno comunal en contextosde negociación minera. Nos centramos en tres temas: el roldel gobierno comunal en la regulación de los recursos comunalesy del territorio; la diversidad de intereses que surgen ante la presenciaminera, y la comunidad como institución política frente a lapresión externa sobre la tierra. Para ello, partimos de un estudiode caso: el proceso de negociación entre la comunidad campesinade Michiquillay y la empresa Anglo American, en Cajamarca, querealizamos a partir de un trabajo de campo en la comunidad. Delanálisis se desprende que las transformaciones en la regulación delos recursos comunales, sus usos y su valoración, así como el cambioen el peso de los actores económicos y políticos, han complejizadolas relaciones al interior de la comunidad y han creado nuevosniveles de toma de decisión y espacios de disputa por el controlde recursos. Al mismo tiempo que surgen nuevos conflictos intracomunalesy aumenta la fragmentación territorial, la comunidad como institución está jugando un rol central en la negociación yasumiendo nuevas funciones: ahora, el gobierno comunal no regulasolo el acceso a recursos productivos, sino también la distribucióndel capital financiero.<br>This paper analyzes changes in community governance in the contextof negotiations with a mining company. We focus on three issues:the role played by the community government on the regulation ofcommunity resources and territory, the diverse and complex intereststhat emerge in the presence of mining activity; and, the communityas a political institution confronting external pressures over its land.We develop a study case focusing on the negotiation process betweenthe Michiquillay peasant community and Anglo American MiningCompany in Cajamarca, Peru. This information was obtained doingfieldwork in the community in 2009. In our analysis we observe thatchanges on community resources regulation, its uses and valorization,as well as changes on the balance of power between economicand political actors, have created a greater level of complexity in thecommunity, creating new levels of community decision and spaces fordisputing resources’ control. At the same time, new inter communalconflicts emerge and fragmentation of community lands increases.In this context the community as an institution plays a central rolein the negotiation process over access productive resource and thedistribution of financial capital.
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Abrams, Peter. "Overcoming obstacles to implementing community-based collaborative governance of natural resources, the case of the Clayoquot Sound Central Region Board." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ61402.pdf.
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Sijapati, Bimbika. "Gender, institutions & development in natural resource governance : a study of community forestry in Nepal." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2008. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/2978/.
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Community forestry in the middle hills of Nepal has been undergoing unprecedented changes in recent years. Community forestry was first introduced in 1978 to address forest degradation through partnership between local people and the government to manage community forests. Development practitioners and policy makers are recently and increasingly concerned with gender and social equity issues in community forestry. Furthermore, a myriad of external actors are invovled directly in community forestry at the local level. Academic research on community forestry in Nepal, however, has not adequately studied the interrelationships between gender relations, local institutions of community forestry governance, and external intervention. In light of the above, my research examines and explicates gender relations in two field sites in the middle hills; the interrelationship between gender relations and the formation, functioning and change in institutions; and analyzes the interface between forest officials and local users. My research findings posit that institutions are 'embedded' in existing gender relations. Intra and extra-household relations define the terms under which men and women enter, interact and influence institutions. Parallel social institutions are drawn upon to mediate the governance of resources, which in turn are influenced by existing 'distribution of power' amongst the genders, and field level extension agent's dual relationship with the organizations they represent and the local users. My research draws from and engages with the debates and understandings in the scholarships on gender and environment; gender analysis of intra/extra household; and local institutions of natural resource governance. I use a combination of qualitative research methods and engage with questions of reflexivity and positionality in the research process. The findings of my research serve to inform theoretical debates on gender and natural resource governance as well as national level policy changes in Nepal.
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Sefela, Glenwin. "The law and policy governing inter-basin transfers of freshwater resources in the Southern African Development Community (SADC) region." University of the Western Cape, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6619.
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Magister Legum - LLM<br>Water scarcity is a worldwide threat. Fresh water resources are vital to human existence
and survival. The challenge faced relates to the way these water resources are being
distributed and managed. As an answer to this challenge, humans responded with what is
commonly known as water transfers. A water transfer refers to the importation of water
where water supply is low. Water transfers are, however, not a new concept as it dates back
to the ancient Mesopotamians. Today, due to the global population having drastically
increased, water transfers, or inter-basin transfers (IBTs) are increasingly being used as a
means to minimize current water shortages.
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Jular, Pitchapa. "Visible flows : the dynamics of community-based flood and water resource management and governance in Uthai Thani." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2018. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/123623.
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Thesis: M.C.P., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Urban Studies and Planning, 2018<br>Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (pages 101-105).<br>In Thailand, centralized vertical governance with its 'line-of-command' approach continues to hamper holistic integration of water resource and flood management. In addition, the capacity of small-scale community actors and self-organized entities are not visible to the central bureaucrats. Using the mega 2011 flood as the baseline example, the four chapters of the documentary film,'Visible Flows', are the synthesis of both formal, and informal conversations given by the Hart Thanong community who devised strategies to mitigate flood impacts with less reliance on external assistance, and continue to do so in the present. Conducted from 19th December of 2017 to 4th February of 2018, the discovery of the values, knowledge and actions embedded within these individuals demonstrated a paradigm shift for the water resource and flood management adaptation strategies in several ways. Firstly, it reframes the notion of crisis as opportunity, beyond embracing uncertainties as norms. Secondly, it demonstrates that a fully adaptive strategy requires highly collaborative organizational arrangement, through both formal and informal rules, based on iterative processes and continual development. Lastly, self-governance is central to increasing adaptive capacity in uncertain times. Documentary film is a powerful medium to digest serious knowledge and insights of the individuals and the collectives. With the intention to bring about voices that are often invisible and marginalized in the water resource and flood management arena, the community members of the Hart Thanong Municipality, Thailand, become our educators, researchers and storytellers for this thesis. Using visual research of documentary video as the tool of investigation, I seek to understand the underlying structure that has led them to successful adaptation in order to prioritize collective actions in the water resource and flood management framework.<br>by Pitchapa Jular.<br>M.C.P.<br>M.C.P. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Urban Studies and Planning
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Humphries, Kathryn. "A political ecology of community-based forest and wildlife management in Tanzania : politics, power and governance." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/244970.
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My research is focused on investigating the socio-political processes taking place within Community Based Natural Resource Management (CBNRM) in Tanzania. I draw on a political ecology approach in an investigation of the politics of struggles over natural resources, their management and the benefits that can be derived from this. I bring together theories of policy processes, African politics and scale into an examination of power within two case studies of CBNRM from the wildlife and forestry sectors. I carry out a comparative analysis of these case studies, employing a qualitative methodology based on semi-structured interviews, focus groups, participatory activities, participant observation and document analysis. My research is clustered around three core themes. Firstly, I trace the process of policy reform that introduced CBNRM in both the forest and wildlife sectors, and examine the differences between the governance systems prescribed in policy as a result of these processes. The contrasts between the two sectors in Tanzanian CBNRM are important and multiple. Different policy pathways were adopted, relating to the distinct political economies of forest and wildlife resources and their politicisation within the context of power devolution for CBNRM. The prescribed governance systems in the two sectors contain important differences in the processes by which local communities can apply to participate in CBNRM, the mechanisms of revenue distribution, and the ways in which power is devolved to the local level. Secondly I examine the implementation of these prescribed governance systems and their performance in reality through an exploration of the configurations of power set out in CBNRM, and the struggles that take place around these in ‘politics of scales’ as actors attempt to benefit from CBNRM. I examine the ways the governance systems have been adopted and adapted from those set out in CBNRM policy. I argue that the distinctions between the prescribed governance systems in the two sectors produce separate contexts of re-configuration into the performed governance systems within the case studies. However, I also argue that while the contexts are specific to each sector, both the case studies revealed the same underlying socio-political process of struggles over power to both manage and benefit from natural resources. These struggles to control and benefit from CBNRM are closely linked to the unequal distribution of benefits that were witnessed in both case studies. Finally I examine the performance of CBNRM as an integration of systems of power set out in policy and hidden, often unacknowledged, local contours of power. I address the themes of how the reality of CBNRM differs from that set out in policy, examine the processes ongoing within the projects that permit and maintain elite capture and unequal distribution of benefits, and investigate the socio-political processes of corruption taking place within devolved environmental management. I argue that the struggles over power, combined with hidden aspects, especially neopatrimonialism, local moral economy and the cultural context of corruption, are central to these unequal outcomes and the capture of benefits by a small group of individuals. My research highlights that power, the politics of its devolution to the local level, the struggles that take place around it, and its subtle, hidden forms, lie at the heart of gaining further understanding of the ways in which policies develop, the unexpected outcomes they produce and the inequalities these often entail.
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Rihoy, Elizabeth. "Devolution and democratisation: policy processes and community-based natural resource management in Southern Africa." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/2507.
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Philosophiae Doctor - PhD<br>By presenting case studies from the village of Mahenye in Zimbabwe and the five villages of the Okavango Community Trust in Botswana, the study looks beyond the objectives, discourse and contests of policy and undertakes an investigation of what actions rural people are undertaking inside the institutions established by policy makers, and of governance outcomes at the local level. These case studies reveal that unfettered devolution can lead to elite capture and the perpetuation of poverty; that rural communities themselves have agency and the ability to exercise it; and that there is limited and shrinking political space in both countries which is reducing opportunities for rural communities to engage with political processes. The Botswana case studies demonstrates that an imported and imposed devolutionary initiative which lacks links to higher levels of governance can reduce political space at local levels. The Zimbabwe case study demonstrates that political space may be more effectively created through decentralisation. The lesson drawn from these case studies is that institutional arrangements and roles should be determined by context specific issues and circumstances and move beyond the structural determinism that has characterized much of the CBNRM debate to date. The study concludes with policy recommendations. These include the need for recognition of the synergy between CBNRM and democratisation as mutually reinforcing processes and the need to be context-specific.<br>South Africa
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Rodier, Meghan L. "Urban Community Forestry in Washington, DC and Baltimore, MD: The Role of Nonprofit Organizations." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1306425859.
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Gustafsson, Maria-Therese. "Beyond Conflict and Conciliation : The Implications of different forms of Corporate-Community Relations in the Peruvian Mining Industry." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-114590.
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In Peru, the rapid expansion of extractive activities has led to increased mobilization by peasant communities. In remote rural areas, the mediating efforts of the state between communities and corporations are often weak, and corporations have played an important role in dealing with communities’ demands and protests through different strategies. These processes are illustrative of a broader trend in which private corporations engage in governance processes by assuming state-like functions in relation to citizens. This study investigates how communities’ mobilization and scope of influence is affected by their interactions with corporations. Based on interviews and written primary sources, the study provides a detailed empirical account of the multifaceted relations and negotiations between corporations and communities in the context of two macro-economically significant Peruvian mining projects – Rio Blanco and Las Bambas. In this way, the study contributes to the empirical and theoretical debates on the political role of corporations and the implications for social movements and democratic influence. The study shows that the presence of private corporations alters the conditions for mobilization by creating opportunities as well as constraints, with significant impact on mobilization structures and framing of demands. However, communities relate to those opportunities and constraints differently, depending on how state-society relations and other forms of private dynamics have played out historically at the subnational level.
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Seth, Nandini. "Coastal Land Loss and Collaborative Resource Governance: The Case of Plaquemines Parish, Louisiana." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2014. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/1955.
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The research, presented here, is about the collaborative governance and adaptive management in coastal planning efforts of Louisiana. Fundamental conflict, between the idea of environmental conservation and developmental growth, has always existed in the coastal regions. The presence of the large number of environmental laws, at various levels of government and their different management objectives for utilization of coastal resources, requires study of intergovernmental relationship. Taking Plaquemines Parish as a case in point, this thesis will, therefore, review the critical restoration plans for intergovernmental coordination and conflicts. It will also provide recommendations, for elected representatives and policy makers, with an aim to promote collaborative governance and improve adaptive management of coastal resources.
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Fitchett, Leah Lynn. "The Roles of Local Organizations in Collaborative Resource Governance: A Qualitative Case Study of Lake Associations." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/93405.
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Human communities across the globe are currently facing an epidemic of lake water quality degradation, primarily resulting from resource and land-use decisions that introduce excessive amounts of nutrients into the lake system. In many of these communities, local volunteer groups called lake associations work to protect these cherished lake resources. Lake associations and similar groups commonly respond to issues that are most prevalent in their respective watersheds including, but not limited to, algae blooms, declines in water transparency, and fish kills. Yet, there is little research on the role these groups actively or potentially play in lake governance and management. This study investigates the specific structures and strategies lake associations use to address lake water quality challenges using a comparative case analysis of two organizations: Lake Sunapee Protective Association (LSPA; Sunapee, NH) and Clean Lakes Alliance (CLA; Madison, WI). I performed a content analysis of self-published newsletters, annual reports, and news publications mentioning either lake association, and supplemented this data with semi-structured interviews of key individuals from each organization. I characterized and compared the missions, capacity, and activity of the two case studies by applying a conceptual framework as a lens through which to better understand the function these groups serve in their communities and what makes them effective. I found that, although the two groups structure themselves differently, take on distinct activity pathways, and orient themselves differently with respect to lake conservation, they have both been effective in achieving decision-making or management outcomes. This is a first step in identifying the diversity of ways community-based conservation organizations, such as lake associations, can meaningfully contribute to collaborative environmental governance processes on the local scale.<br>Master of Science<br>Around the world, people who live on lakes are dealing with significant declines in lake water quality. These declines have been linked to various land management decisions, which can introduce excess nutrients to the lake system that promote excessive algal or bacterial growth, and to the ways people choose to use the lake resource, which can introduce non-native, or invasive, plant and animal species. In many lake communities, local volunteer groups called lake associations work to protect their local lake resources. Lake associations can respond to the specific problems facing their lake and act to manage the lake resource and the land around it. Yet, there is little research on the role these groups actively or potentially play in lake management and conservation. This study investigates the specific organizational structures and strategies lake associations and similar groups use to address water quality declines in lake communities. I collected historic documentation and completed oral interviews for two case study associations, Lake Sunapee Protective Association (LSPA; Sunapee, NH) and Clean Lakes Alliance (CLA; Madison, WI), to characterize and compare their missions, organizational capacities, and activities. This analysis allows me to better understand what makes these groups effective and the functions they serve in their communities. I found that, although the two groups are structured differently and implement different strategies to achieve outcomes, they both have been effective in achieving lake management and conservation outcomes in line with their respective missions. This is a first step in identifying the diversity of ways community-based conservation organizations, such as lake associations, can meaningfully contribute to local environmental management and conservation.
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Saunders, Fred. "The Politics of People - Not Just Mangroves and Monkeys : A study of the theory and practice of community-based management of natural resources in Zanzibar." Doctoral thesis, Södertörns högskola, Miljövetenskap, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-11566.
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Community-based management of natural resource (CBNRM) projects have commonly failed to deliver conservation and development benefits. This thesis examined how the theoretical assumptions of common pool resource (CPR) theory have contributed to the indifferent performance of CBNRM projects. Evidence was gathered from two CBNRM case studies in Zanzibar to show that CPR institutional design does not sufficiently acknowledge the politics or social relations of project sites. Moreover, these limitations reduce CPR theory's explanatory power and the functionality of CBNRM projects. This is because CPR theory's influence on CBNRM projects is to frame people with fixed identities and related interests as 'rational resource users', rather than people enrolled in multiple network relations with differentiated means of influence, interests and responsibilities. Actor-oriented theory is used to show that CBNRM would benefit from a shift in the correlation with institutional design factors to understanding the operation of power and conflict at project sites. These findings suggest that currently CBNRM projects are too mired in concern about regulating the 'direct' relationship between resource users and conservation objectives, with problematic implications. It is shown that actor-oriented theory is more sensitive to the different capacities, interests and strategies of actors in CBNRM institutional transformation processes. While actor-oriented theory does not offer a parsimonious or predictive theory to reform CPR theory or CBNRM policy, it can provide insights into pre-project conditions and emergent practice useful for explaining project interventions.
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Campbell, Martha Etheredge. "The involvement of Florida's full-time community college faculty in institutional governance [electronic resource] implications for institutional decision-making / by Martha Etheredge Campbell." [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2003. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/SFE0000061.
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Birgen, Rose Jeptoo. "Facilitating participation in natural resource governance in Kenya: a critical review of the extent to which Kenya’s contemporary legal framework enables indigenous community conserved areas." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/15170.
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The goals of conserving nature have changed over the last decades, but setting aside areas for nature protection is still a major part of environmental efforts globally. Protected areas often include indigenous and local communities' territories, and although indigenous rights have been strengthened through international policies and laws, conflicts over land entitlement are still common. A couple of notable events internationally in the context of Human Rights and nature conservation discourses have marked a significant shift in the attitudes and approaches to the role of indigenous people and local communities in natural resource governance. Contemporary approaches enable them to define themselves and to own and manage land and natural resources. Domestic policy makers are faced with the challenge of creating national laws and policies to implement this contemporary approach. This thesis looks at the concept of ICCAs as a tool for facilitating participation of indigenous and local communities in natural resource management. It begins with an analysis of the form, nature, origins and value of ICCA's- and specifically key legal elements which should ideally be included in a legal framework to give domestic effect to them. This analysis indicates that in order to recognise and protect the indigenous people and local communities and for ICCAs to be a success, their land tenures and resource rights have to be legally secured, they have to be deliberately involved in management of natural resources and they have to enjoy the benefits that arise as a result of their input and use their traditional knowledge to protect and conserve natural resources. The dissertation then turns to consider whether these elements are present in Kenya's legal framework. 2010 is used as a benchmark because of the significant reform introduced giving an edge in the way indigenous people and local communities and their contribution to natural resource management were recognised.
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Chishaleshale, Mwale. "Governance and management of urban trees and green spaces in South Africa: ensuring benefits to local people and the environment." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006035.
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In the face of rapid urbanization and global climate change, urban trees and green spaces (UTGS) can contribute to the welfare of people and the urban environment. Urban trees and green spaces can assist to address urbanization challenges related to environmental degradation. While functions of UTGS have been well documented in the developed world, they have not yet received full attention in much of sub-Saharan Africa. Consequently, UTGS are under threat from urban development and fragmentation. Notably, the problems associated with UTGS also fall into the governance realm and indications are that poor governance and management of UTGS can negatively influence the potential benefits of UTGS to local people and the environment. This formed a basis for this research. The main objective of the study was to determine the current governance and management approaches to UTGS in South Africa. Through document search and review, the study determined the governance institutions influencing UTGS at national level and at provincial level (in the Limpopo and Eastern Cape Provinces). Face-to-face and online survey methods were used to determine the extent to which 28 local municipalities had adopted planned, systematic and integrated management of UTGS. The snowball approach was used to determine the key actors involved in UTGS activities and interviews were conducted to establish the roles and capabilities of these actors. A total of 540 household interviews were conducted to determine the institutional factors influencing local peoples’ ability to access, plant and use UTGS. The findings of the study showed that UTGS have not been adequately covered in existing governance institutions and practice at national and provincial levels. Local government municipalities were not managing their UTGS in a planned or systematic manner due to constraining factors such as insufficient funds, insufficient personnel, lack of equipment and lack of political support. Only 7.1 % of the surveyed municipalities had an urban tree management plan and an estimate of the urban tree stock; 32.1 % had tree policies; 28.6 % had tree bylaws; 21.4 % had tree planting schedules; 10.7 % had tree maintenance schedules and only 3.6 % had tree inspection schedules. Key actors involved in UTGS activities differed among levels of government. The actors included national and provincial government departments, local government municipalities, Non-Governmental Organizations, private sector companies and local volunteers. Most of the actors, however, either planted trees or provided tree seedlings to municipalities and the local people. Tenure security was a key institutional factor affecting peoples’ ability to plant, use or even remove trees from their residential plots. The same applied to trees in the streets and public parks. Whereas most respondents did not require permission to plant (79.8 %) or remove (75 %) trees on their residential plots, a majority of them required permission to plant and remove trees from streets (over 70 %) and public parks (over 80 %). However, with regard to planting and removing urban trees in public open spaces, 54% of the respondents indicated that permission was not required suggesting a lack of clarity among local residents on the issue. Overall, the findings of this study indicate that there is no political recognition and support for UTGS at almost all levels of government. This has resulted in the lack of incorporation of UTGS in urban planning and development and has caused UTGS to receive limited funding to permit planned and systematic management. Given the current rates of urbanization and urban development, the lowly prioritised UTGS are vulnerable to exploitation. To conserve UTGS and promote their potential contribution to local people and the environment, UTGS must be recognized and placed on political and development agendas. There is a need to develop national guidelines for UTGS management, assess the extent of the urban forest resource in local municipalities, clearly define the roles and capabilities of different actors, integrate UTGS in the urban planning and development system, and most of all seek to involve the local people in overall management and governance of UTGS.
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Lloydd-Wright, Alison. "Governing through community : the place of community in Howard's Liberal governance /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 2002. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09AR/09arl7939.pdf.
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Hazell, Peter, and n/a. "Community title or community chaos : environmental management, community development and governance in rural residential developments established under community title." University of Canberra. Resource, Environment and Heritage Science, 2002. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20050415.124034.
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This thesis contends that; in mainstream rural residential development around the
Australian Capital Territory, use of community title guidelines for sub-division should
consider social processes and environmental considerations along-side economic
imperatives and interactions.
Community title is a form of land tenure that allows for private freehold ownership of
land as well as community owned land within the one sub-division. In New South
Wales, community title was introduced in 1990 under the Community Land
Development Act 1989 (NSW) and the Community Land Management Act 1989
(NSW). Since the introduction of community title, upwards of one hundred and fifty
developments, ranging from just a few blocks to the size of small suburbs, have been
approved throughout the state. The original aim of community title was to provide a
legal framework that underpinned theme-based broad-acre development. Themebased
development could include a Permaculture© village, a rural retreat for likeminded
equine enthusiasts, or even a medieval village.
Community title is also seen as an expedient form of land tenure for both developers
and shire councils. Under community title, a developer only has to submit a single
development application for a multi-stage development. This can significantly reduce
a developer's exposure to risk. From a shire council's perspective, common land and
resources within a development, which would otherwise revert to council
responsibility for management, becomes the collective responsibility of all the land
owners within the development, effectively obviating council from any responsibility
for management of that land. Community title is also being touted in planning and
policy as a way of achieving 'sustainable' environmental management in new subdivisions.
The apparent expediency of community title has meant that development
under these guidelines has very quickly moved beyond theme-based development into
mainstream rural residential development.
Community title effectively provides a framework for participatory governance of
these developments. The rules governing a community title development are set out in
the management statement, which is submitted to the local council and the state
government with the development application. A community association, which
includes all lot owners, manages the development. Unless written into the original
development application, the council has no role in the management of the common
land and resources.
This thesis looks at the peri-urban zone around one of Australia's fastest growing
cities - Canberra, whose population growth and relative affluence is impacting on
rural residential activity in the shires surrounding the Australian Capital Territory.
Yarrowlumla Shire, immediately adjacent to the ACT, has experienced a 362 percent
increase in population since 1971. Much of this growth has been in the form of rural
residential or hobby farm development. Since 1990, about fifteen percent of the
development in Yarrowlumla Shire has been community title. The Yass Shire, to the
north of the ACT, has shown a forty five percent population increase since 1971.
Community title in that shire has accounted for over fifty percent of development
since 1990. The thesis case study is set in Yass Shire.
The major research question addressed in the thesis is; does community title, within
the context of rural residential development around the Australian Capital Territory,
facilitate community-based environmental management and education? Subsidiary
questions are; what are the issues in and around rural residential developments within
the context of the study, who are the stakeholders and what role do they play and;
what skills and support are required to facilitate community-based environmental
management and education within the context of the study area?
To answer the research questions I undertook an interpretive case study, using
ethnographic methods, of rural residential development near the village of
Murrumbateman in the Yass Shire, thirty kilometres north of Canberra. At the time of
the study, which was undertaken in 1996, the developments involved had been
established for about four years. The case study revealed that, as a result of
stakeholders and residents not being prepared for the management implications of
community title, un-necessary conflict was created between residents and between
residents and stakeholders. Community-based environmental management issues were
not considered until these issues of conflict were addressed and residents had spent
enough time in the estates to familiarise themselves with their environment and with
each other.
Once residents realised that decisions made by the community association could affect
them, there developed a desire to participate in the process of management.
Eventually, earlier obstacles were overcome and a sense of community began to
develop through involvement in the community association. As residents became
more involved, the benefits of having ownership of the community association began
to emerge.
However, this research found that management of a broad acre rural residential
development under community title was far more complicated than any of the
stakeholders, or any but the most legally minded residents, were prepared for.
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Moore, Thomas E. "Community ownership and governance of affordable housing : perspectives on community land trusts." Thesis, Sheffield Hallam University, 2011. http://shura.shu.ac.uk/20079/.
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Theories of communitarianism have become increasingly important in understanding UK housing policy and regeneration practice, as governments promote active citizenship and community empowerment in the management and governance of housing. Community land trusts (CLTs) have been embraced by communities and governments as a potential vehicle for the delivery and management of affordable housing in locations where there is thought to be insufficient supply. Rather than rely on provision from state or private actors, CLTs directly undertake development in order to meet the local needs of their area. This thesis studies how and why people form, or attempt to form, CLTs in England and Wales, contributing to an emerging body of academic work on CLTs at national and international levels. It draws upon theories of community (Etzioni, 1995a; Tam, 1998) and neighbourhood governance (Lowndes and Sullivan, 2008) to illustrate the underlying rationales of CLTs and describe their negotiation within and between communities, financiers, and local and national governments. The research finds that the intrinsic rationale for CLTs is the alteration of power relations that privilege the autonomy of a defined, constructed or imagined community in the governance of local housing, influencing its tenure type, use and occupation in line with the needs of a CLT's instigators and beneficiaries. However, the creation of a CLT, as a form of communitarian governance, is a relational and political process that involves positioning for resources and legitimacy within wider social, cultural and political contexts. This gives rise to a variety of organisational forms and outcomes that reshape our understandings of a CLT. It should be understood as an approach with diverse rationales and characteristics rather than a uniform model. The potential effectiveness and composition of CLTs is likely to depend on the linkages made with broader structural forces, indicating that agendasof communitarianism and localism may be as dependent on the role and influence of external forces as they are on the active citizenship of local people.
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Braunholtz-Speight, Timothy Herford. "Power and community in Scottish community land initiatives." Thesis, University of the Highlands and Islands, 2015. https://pure.uhi.ac.uk/portal/en/studentthesis/power-and-community-in-scottish-community-land-initiatives(7670cf12-6c48-41ef-8bdd-a5aac301873b).html.
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This thesis examines Scottish community land ownership through the lenses of power and community. It asks what impact Community Land Initiatives (CLIs) have on power relations, particularly at local level; and, if and how their conception as “community” initiatives affects that. These questions are addressed through in-depth qualitative case studies of two emerging CLIs on the Isle of Skye, in the context of the wider community land movement. The thesis finds that one of the CLIs studied have contributed some measure of additive empowerment to local residents. These are increasing in significance and social reach as the scale of asset ownership and associated development projects expands. The other is at an earlier stage in terms of land ownership, but has some collective power through a focus on the cultural and convivial aspects of community that has considerable local resonance. It is also clear that, where CLIs acquire land and assets, they shift visible power from landowners to community groups. They also are beginning to shift cultural perceptions of who and what land is for. However, despite some efforts by activists to address them, power relations at local level shape participation in CLI decision-making spaces. These are closely connected to experiences and ideas of community at local level. More broadly, the thesis shows how CLIs owe their power both to organising at local level, and to a network of relationships with actors elsewhere, including funding and support agencies. Maintaining and balancing all these relationships can be challenging. As an in-depth but narrowly focussed case study, this thesis aims at exploring these issues, rather than producing definitive judgements about the entire community land movement. The final chapter therefore situates the thesis in the context of other studies of this movement, and within the wider literature on power and development. It concludes with suggestions for further research and testing of the ideas it has developed.
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Beecham, Jennifer Kate. "Community mental health services : resources and costs." Thesis, University of Kent, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.319222.
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Addidle, Gareth. "Community planning, community safety and policing : a local case study of governance through partnership." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/8082.
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The Local Government in Scotland Act (2003) introduced Community Planning as a statutory responsibility in Scotland. The main aims of community planning are described as “making sure people and communities are genuinely engaged in the decisions made on public services which affect them; allied to a commitment from organisations to work together, not apart, in providing better public services” (Scottish Executive, 2003a). For the police, this implied the need to create ‘local solutions to locally identified concerns’ (Strathclyde Police, 2004, p2) and to adopt a holistic approach to community safety which is problem oriented rather than organisation led (Crawford, 1998, p10). The specific and often local nature of problems put forward by communities, is therefore allocated a dominant role in determining the nature of the solution (Goldstein, 1990). This thesis has explored the implementation of community planning and associated community safety policies within a case study area of the former Strathclyde Police. The processes of partnership working and community engagement were found to be central to this approach. Meta- bureaucracy has been used to describe the partnerships activities and linkage to national outcomes presented in this thesis. That is to say, partnership working in this research does not represent a clear growth of ‘autonomous’ networks and governance arrangements as set out by Rhodes (2000) but rather an extension of bureaucratic controls. State actors such as the police service remain pre-eminent within increasingly formalised systems of partnership. Issues of voice, leadership and pragmatic culture were all important findings for the implementation of community planning in practice. However, an implementation gap was identified between the rhetoric and lived experience of those entrusted to deliver these policy goals. Compared to more recent developments of a national police service, issues of professionalisation, operational autonomy and reduction of effective local accountability – all supported police focus on enforcement led policing as opposed to partnership working and community safety more broadly.
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Lambrick, Frances H. "Community forestry in Cambodia : effectiveness, governance and implementation." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.669864.
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Cochrane, Phoebe. "Community involvement in woodlands : governance and social benefits." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/3271.
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This study explores the social benefits resulting from community involvement in forestry in Scotland. Social benefits have been claimed and reported but a review of literature identified a need for further exploration to qualify them in nature and extent. A novel appraisal approach was also developed as part of this study to explore the context in which benefits are delivered and identify the factors and mechanisms instrumental in the delivery process. The research used a case study approach focussing on the Scottish Borders. It included a scoping phase involving semi-structured interviews to gain an understanding of the forestry sector and explore the wider context in which forestry operates. This phase informed the methodological strand of the study by feeding into the development of the appraisal approach and the design of the second empirical phase in which social benefits were investigated through a detailed study of four initiatives. Qualitative and quantitative information was collected through semi-structured interviews and local surveys. The main findings relate to the nature and distribution of social benefits and an understanding of the processes by which they are delivered. For example, social capital building was found nearly exclusively amongst those with direct contact with the projects. Other benefits, such as feelings of increased belonging or connection with their area, were experienced more widely and could result from the mere knowledge of the existence of the community initiative. The governance structures and institutions involved and the nature of the local community and area were found to be important and interrelating elements in the process by which benefits are experienced. Current forestry policy supports community involvement as a rural development mechanism, and the study findings provide insight in to the circumstances under which, and manner in which, community involvement should be facilitated for maximum gain. For example, the nature of the community and levels of existing community cohesion have implications for the role of external agencies; activities and events were found to be very important in attracting people to the woods who might not otherwise visit; and the capacity for the woods to be a forum through which interests in local biodiversity, history and arts are explored and expressed was found to be valuable.
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Lever, John B. "Governance, partnerships, and the mainstreaming of community safety." Thesis, University of the West of England, Bristol, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.486377.
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This thesis examines the emergence, use and future potential of community based partnership working in the field of community safety. Based on a case study of partnership working in Bristol in South West England, it examines the ongoing process of institutional change through which partnership working and community safety have become central features ofUK public policy. Drawing attention to the ways in which community groups and organizatio~ are being drawn . into the policy-making process in order to find solutions to the problems excluded communities face, it argues that community safety has become a central feature of New Labour's wider attempt to reconfigure the state apparatus in its own terms. Highlighting the ways in which managerial pressures emerging from the Government's wider governance agenda compel mainstream agencies to change the ways they operate in order to improve the provision of public services, ~he thesis highlights the emergence of an approach to community safety that prioritizes short-term reductions in crime and disorder over and above long-term community concerns. This approach is seen to be problematical for a nurriber of reasons and it is argued that partnerships'will only be successful in the long-term if they direct resources towards initiatives that allow mainstream agencies and community groups to articulate their experiences and expectations of each other in an open and inclusive way. Building on the governmentality account ,of developments in governance it makes use of insights from the work of Norbert Elias and argues that figurational sociology provides compelling insights into the nature of contemporary change processes. The thesis leans strongly towards theory and places partnership working in a long term socio-historical perspective that illustrates the extent to which, how, and why mainstream resources are being realigned through partnership working. Although it draws attention to the current limitations of community based partnership working under New Labour, the thesis concludes that the community governance model is laying the institutional foundations on which a more civilized approach to community safety may one day stand.
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Ahmed, Mohamed Ashfaque. "Corporate Governance in the Southern African Development Community." University of the Western Cape, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5502.
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Garbett, Andrew Thomas. "Designing community driven participatory platforms : reconfiguring roles, resources, infrastructure, and constraints for community commissioning." Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/3920.
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The advent of the internet and the rise of social computing provides new opportunities to explore the configuration of platforms to support collective participation and production of peer-owned resources. The commons-based peer-production model of Wikipedia is a prominent example of how the configuration of platforms can facilitate the collective efforts of individuals to perform tasks at scale, and for a common purpose. The role of citizens as consumers is beginning to transition into citizens as producers with the advent of these new models of collective participation. The introduction of citizens within these models of production can be seen in the process of requesting and accessing Open Government Data, facilitating engagement with academic research within Citizen Science, leveraging the collective computation of crowd workers, and providing global market places to capitalize on underutilized assets in the Sharing Economy. However, the provisioning of infrastructure to support these technologies and the processes embedded within them continue to be provided as services to individuals rather than being provided by the communities who will utilize these resources. Therefore, this thesis extends beyond the individual and investigates how we can facilitate communities in expressing their own needs, identify supporting resources, and engage in the production of community owned resources. The contributions of this thesis are the introduction of the concept of community commissioning and the exploration of how the design and configuration of platforms can enable communities to take a leading role in technology commissioning. The approach undertaken to explore this area has been conducted through the design, development, documentation, and analysis of two large-scale social computing systems, FeedFinder and App Movement, that continue to be deployed and utilized by communities ‘in-the-wild’. Case study 1 presents FeedFinder, a community driven information resource to support new mothers in sharing experiential data around breastfeeding friendly locations. Case study 2 presents the design and development of App Movement, a community commissioning platform to facilitate communities in proposing, designing, and deploying location-based review mobile applications to support the establishing of community driven information resources. This thesis draws upon these case studies to inform a novel framework that defines the practice of community commissioning and explores the implications of provisioning services to support new configurations of participation.
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Wong, Chi Hang. "Cross-border governance in southern China /." View abstract or full-text, 2008. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?SOSC%202008%20WONG.
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Петрушенко, Юрій Миколайович, Юрий Николаевич Петрушенко, Yurii Mykolaiovych Petrushenko, and K. Prymova. "Financial resources of institutional environment sustainable development community." Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2011. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/10185.
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Ruzicka, Matthew Robert. "Facilitating an online community among community college peer tutor trainees." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2005. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2895.
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The project presents a web-based component for a tutor training program at College of the Desert, Palm Desert, California. The application is designed to be responsive and adaptable to the tutor's needs. It also addresses the logistic and pedagogical problems that plague many community college tutor trainers and helps to mitigate this through an online instructional system that facilitates communication among the tutors so that learning can occur in a situated context.
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Lewis, Hannah. "Interrogating community : dispersed refugees in Leeds." Thesis, University of Hull, 2007. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:5873.
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Community is a key and contested concept much used in social sciences and public policy, including asylum and immigration policies. The notion of refugee community is often utilized uncritically to apply to national, ethnic or other groups, yet the existence of 'community' cannot be assumed. Where refugee community has been addressed, studies of refugee community organizations dominate. Less attention has been given to everyday experiences of people seeking asylum, particularly those living outside London following the introduction of compulsory dispersal. This ethnography results from fourteen months of fieldwork in the major dispersal city of Leeds in the north of England, and included people from over twelve countries at different stages of the asylum process. The research found that conditions in the country of origin and UK policies create insecurity that shape social life and affect the ways that 'community' is experienced. Policy infiltrates daily life through housing control mechanisms, shaping capacity for homemaking and affecting social relationships. In this precarious context secrecy is a vital tool in managing social life. Refugee community organizations, parties and social events form around nascent social groupings that include some and exclude others. Moving beyond recognition that divisions exist within 'communities', this research examines how boundaries operate in new UK social settings for recently-arrived refugees. Forms of familiarity and cultural reproduction are achieved through music, dancing, dress and food. Rather than simply representing 'home' culture, such practices create moments and places to contest both continuity and adaptation to the UK The central importance of food highlights the particular role of women in reproducing community - the ephemeral nature of eating and dancing enables a sense of shared values within the context of fluidity. Recently-arrived refugees do not live in a community, but engage with (or avoid) spatial and temporal realizations of community.
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Grant, Daniel Logan. "Supervising sex offenders in the community." Thesis, University of Hull, 1998. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:5724.
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At the core of this exploratory research project, which sets out to examine community supervision of men convicted of sexual offences, is the introduction and development of a new model; the Sex Offender Risk Management Approach (SORMA). Essentially, SORMA describes a system of multi-agency risk management of sexual offenders in the community, and in so doing, utilizes the most convincing, comprehensive and influential research, models and theories that contribute to current thinking about control and treatment of sex offenders. In this concerted attempt to develop, through research, a model which harnesses the established value of credible and valid methods of intervention, the reader will recognise elements originating from key strands of celebrated work. SORMA is not, however, a simple re-arrangement of these existing contributing components. Vital as they are, they undergo critical analysis and are challenged, at times with considerable rigour to identify evidence to support existing claims of efficacy. SORMA does not add further conjecture to the existing and, some may say, complacent quasi-therapeutic treatment orthodoxy; rather, it disturbs it, to provide a reconsideration of the aims and purpose of the work, finding a broader context in which to examine these existing intervention strategies. The political and professional values that underpin this work are considered as are the ethical boundaries of probation supervision. SORMA involves seven key components and each of these is explored in this work. The development of this model and the testing of it are detailed in the subsequent chapters. I will say no more about it at this point other than to invite the reader to consider these components together in their condensed form, for an oversight at this point will help to project the critical elements used to compose this research and fashion the outcomes. SORMA is: 1) Unambiguously concerned with Social Control 2) Clinical Treatment and Therapy 3) Situational Crime Prevention 4) Actuarial Risk Assessment and Management 5) Surveillance 6) Multi-Agency Collaboration 7) Maximisation of Legislative Authority. These components are examined in Chapters 1-3 where they withstand analysis to provide the foundation for SORMA. This is presented as layered discussion guiding the reader through each separate area, whilst constructing the framework of the model itself. In the subsequent chapters, SORMA is fashioned, applied and discussed. Appearing as it does in the final chapter SORMA, as a processual model, becomes a practice utility ripe for implementation and further development.
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Duvall, Alison Leigh. "Towards community-owned forests landowner perspectives on the Blackfoot Community Conservation Area /." CONNECT TO THIS TITLE ONLINE, 2006. http://etd.lib.umt.edu/theses/available/etd-02282007-150636/.
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Kater, Susan T. "Shared governance in the community college: The rights, roles and responsibilities of unionized community college faculty." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/280287.
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This study examines shared governance in public, unionized community colleges and creates an inventory of faculty participation in governance as prescribed by collective bargaining agreements. Two hundred thirty-eight contracts representing faculty across 22 states were reviewed in order to identify in what areas faculty participate in institutional governance as well as for regional differences in patterns of governance across the United States. The results are intended to increase the understanding of shared governance in the community college. Grounded in organizational theory, the research adopts a theoretical framework which conceptualizes the internal governance of community colleges as primarily a political processes working within the framework of a professional bureaucracy. The findings suggest that faculty (both full-time and adjunct) are contractually obligated to participate in governance in a number of areas, and that there are regional differences between faculty participation as outlined by the language of the bargaining agreements. The study suggests the need for further research into the process and outcomes of collective bargaining in community colleges.
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Sullivan, Helen Cecilia. "Community governance : an evaluation of area approaches in Birmingham." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.366382.
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Jackson, Melissa. "Transformative Community Water Governance in Remote Australian Indigenous Communities." Thesis, Griffith University, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/406052.
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Governing water systems to address issues of safety, security and sustainability and to build resilient communities is a key policy focus globally, as climate change and human impacts on freshwater resources are being increasingly felt. Yet, in remote Indigenous community contexts, Western management systems tend to focus on technical and engineering aspects of water services, often excluding Indigenous people from decisions about their own water resources. Unsustainable and inadequate water services have resulted that constrain local economic development and contribute to poor health and high mortality rates of Indigenous peoples. Sustainable water governance approaches are recognised as important to address such issues, but the pace and scale of uptake has been slow. Transformative governance is an emerging field of research and praxis that has potential to support scaling up sustainable water outcomes, however, very limited empirical or theoretical studies exist from which to guide action, particularly at the community scale, or in remote Indigenous community contexts.
Focusing on remote Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities in Australia as a study setting, this thesis aims to explore Transformative Community Water Governance (TCWG) as an approach for practice and consider how it can be applied to contribute to sustainable and resilient remote Indigenous communities. Through a pragmatic and transdisciplinary lens, three objectives are addressed: 1) identify key concepts and principles for TCWG and assess current water governance arrangements and processes in remote Indigenous Australia; 2) develop an evidencebased framework for TCWG appropriate for application to remote Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities; 3) apply the conceptual TCWG framework in a remote Indigenous community context to identify lessons for practice.
Employing mixed methods, the exploratory study identified key concepts and principles for TCWG and assessed current practice in remote Australia in relation to these. The findings reveal limited uptake in practice of processes that could support longer-term transformative sustainability outcomes. Barriers that prevent transformative governance being adopted are also identified across five categories: governance arrangements and processes; economic and financial; capacity, skills education and employment; data and information; and cultural values and norms.
Enablers that can support transformative community water governance in this context are also identified. These findings provide the foundation for design of a novel TCWG framework applicable to remote Indigenous Australia. Key components of the framework include a guiding vision, five foundational principles to guide planning and action, an eight-step process for implementation, together with knowledge sharing activities across communities and regions. These components in combination create a comprehensive framework to guide community water governance for transformative change outcomes across communities and the water sector.
Moving beyond conceptual research, the TCWG framework was applied through participatory action research in the remote community of Masig in the Torres Strait Islands (Australia), providing lessons for practice. Activities included installation, monitoring and feedback on household water use from high-resolution smart water meters, household end-use survey and in-depth interviews with community and other stakeholders. The action research demonstrated how technocratic management approaches occur, are reinforced and impact on communities at the local scale resulting in outcomes that do not fit the local conditions. For example on Masig, continued focus and investments in centralised water treatment ignores community member preferences for drinking rainwater, which is often untreated, over mains water; imposition of water restrictions increase health risks from storing water for use during the day; while existing strengths within the community that could support longterm sustainable water outcomes are generally not considered in water decisions. A co-designed household water demand management trial also resulted in a 39% reduction in water use over the research period, demonstrating that a coordinated and educative approach can be more effective than ‘stick’ approaches, at least in the shortterm, building a foundation for long-term change.
The overall thesis findings suggest that there is significant potential for a TCWG approach to improve outcomes for sustainable, resilient communities and water systems at the local level and for scaling up on a larger scale. Recommendations are provided based on the research findings, for embedding this approach into governance institutions and supporting capacity building within the water governance system. Considerations for scaling up the TCWG approach across diverse community contexts, such as Pacific Island communities, and post-colonial settler nations such as New Zealand, Canada and the United States are also identified.<br>Thesis (PhD Doctorate)<br>Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)<br>School of Eng & Built Env<br>Science, Environment, Engineering and Technology<br>Full Text
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Nardontonia, Teresa. "Evaluation of Shared Governance Implementation at a Community Hospital." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/7242.
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Shared governance is a model in which staff collaborate through a decentralized decision-making structure, sharing ownership and accountability and partnering to make decisions about clinical practice, professional development, patient experience, quality improvement, and research. The hospital shared governance project team aligned its shared governance model with the American Nurses Credentialing Center Pathway to Excellence standards. The purposes of this project were to do a process evaluation of shared governance implementation at one 64-bed community hospital in central Florida and make recommendations for continuous quality improvement. The project followed the plan-do-study-act methodology developed by Deming. Through the collection of meeting minutes and other shared governance documents, semi structured interviews with nurse leaders, and the results of an anonymous survey through SurveyMonkey, the process of shared governance implementation was evaluated. The major themes included the hospitals need to establish an effective communication system to ensure all 185 RNs are aware of its shared governance, restructure of the Nurse Practice Council, and a reinitiating of shared governance. Limitations of the project included the immaturity of the hospital at the time of implementation, nursing lack of knowledge about shared governance, lack of dedicated resources and competing priorities, and nursing leadership and unit turnover, which were barriers to shared governance implementation. Supporting shared governance contributes to social change by creating a nursing culture that promotes quality, nursing excellence, professional decision making, and a healthy work environment, ultimately improving outcomes for all stakeholders.
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McGrath, Caitriona. "The interaction of school and community : an analysis and comparative study of voluntary secondary schools, community/comprehensive schools and community colleges/vocational schools in Cork city and county." Thesis, University of Hull, 2009. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:5751.
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This study attempts to investigate the interaction of school and community through a comparative study of second-level schools in Cork City and County. The Education Act 1998 sets the framework for the development of education as a partnership process involving pupils, teachers, parents, patrons, trustees/owners/governors, management bodies, local community (including voluntary social and business sector) and the state. The challenge is building partnership networks beyond the school where mutual interdependence is fostered and partnerships are inclusive of all persons in the dynamics of the interaction. The international perspective focuses on flexible learning styles and programmes which enable schools to connect more effectively with the wider diverse community of today. The study also follows the creative and innovative thinking on the developing interface between the school and changing society in Ireland. The focus here is on the school in the local community from inception to the present day. An in-depth questionnaire was designed with the specific aim of examining if schools were interacting with their community. This was distributed to second-level schools. Follow-up interviews were conducted among five representatives of the major stakeholders in the education process. The questionnaires elicited definite wide-ranging information and the interviews provided further clarification on issues pertinent to the study. The thesis concludes that the community/partnership dimension of education has gained much ground up to the present day although there are varying levels of interaction across the different sectors. The study also highlights the factors that either enhance or hinder the formation of meaningful strong proactive relationships and partnerships in the local community.
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Hale, Angela. "Community management of water resources in the southern region, Adelaide /." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 1997. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ENV/09envh161.pdf.
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Tashi, Sonam. "School-community partnerships: Bhutanese principals' impact on community involvement in schools." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2022. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/233666/1/Sonam_Tashi_Thesis.pdf.
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This study investigated the effect of School-Community Partnerships model for school improvement in Bhutan, and the challenges faced by both schools and communities in relation to the implementation of the policies and programs on democratic governance. Using qualitative methodology the study collected data from school and community leaders to understand how SCP may support the transition to new democratic leadership. The findings indicate a complex mix of variables such as, complementarity of national and school level leadership, cultural sensitivity and, empowerment and accountability which have capacity to strengthen SCP and thus require significant capacity development by the government.
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Patterson, David. "Power, Resources and Environmental Negotiation in Community Sport Organizations." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/32769.
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This study sought to examine power, resources and environmental negotiation through an examination of the operations and governance of two Community Sport Organizations (CSOs) located in a mid-sized city in the Midwest region of the United States. This was undertaken by answering three research questions: (1) How does power shape the allocation of resources within CSOs? (2) How do CSOs secure access to resources from their organizational environments? and (3) How do CSOs attempt to manipulate their organizational environment?
The dissertation took a case study approach, combining documentary review with in-depth semi-structured interviews to develop a greater understanding of the CSOs under study and of the dynamics of power that animate the organizations’ activities, decisions, and outlook. By using two theories of power, Lukes’ Three Dimensional (3D) approach and Resource Dependence Theory (RDT), the dissertation examined both an institutional and episodic view of power, providing a richer view of power within the organizations under study.
In RQ1, the study finds that CSOs are willing to allocate resources to the social construction of their sport; that they are sensitive to threshold effects in resource allocation, meaning they provide resources up to the point that a need is met, and not beyond; and that gender played a role in internal resource allocation. In RQ2, the results indicated that the CSOs under study were able to secure resources from their environments through not valuing their institutional existence, and through working with their multi-level governance structures. RQ3 finds that CSOs used anticipatory compliance with environmental actors and borrowing capacity of means to change their organizational environments.
The overall conclusion of the study notes that low organizational capacity in CSOs has considerable benefits to go with the drawbacks previously noted in the CSO and not-for-profit literatures. The study outlines that CSOs are able to use their low capacity status to help ensure their organizational environment remains passive, allowing them to maintain a focus on their members and mission while securing sufficient resources to survive. Further discussion of volunteer leadership being a type of participation in sport and of the challenges of studying CSOs, as well as participant recruitment, are also included.
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Chia, Sing-Tingn Evelyn. "Forest governance in Chinese villages : community, the 'common interest', and common pool resources." Phd thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/151209.
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Villages collectively own more than 60 percent of China's forests, many of them in ecologically-sensitive areas. Villagers depend on communal forests for various livelihood needs and village leaders play an important role in the governance of forest resources. However, the policy context for the participation of villagers in the governance of their forests is limited, often dictated by government policy shifts, the state's interests in forests, and the state's idea of what is appropriate in forest practices. This study examines how local communities adapt to new resource and politicaleconomic situations, and why some are better able to adapt in'this state-led and authoritarian context. A further question is what are the prospects of community engagement in forest governance within such a context. This second question relates to the lack of state capacity at local levels to protect forests and therefore the necessity for local community participation to ameliorate the governance deficit. The study takes Elinor Ostrom's framework regarding common pool resources (CPR) as a starting point to understand how local communities create institutions to manage their CPR, and why some groups of actors are more able than others to create and adapt to a new resource and political-economic situation. Ostrom and others argue that the degree to which a group is able to overcome CPR collective action problems depends on the degree of 'community' within the group. However, I argue that the 'community' and the objects of collective action relating to a CPR situation, the 'common interest', are socially constructed, and in this light I examine how certain CPR sitnations are framed to justify forest protection in the name of self- or collective interests. Two comparative case studies examine the responses of two villages in the 1980s when there was a sudden surge in timber demand. I examine why one village successfully protected its forests while the other experienced rampant deforestation. The third case study examines the period after 1998 when the central government instituted a logging ban in response to disastrous floods in the Yangtze River and imposed this ban on local communities previously reliant on logging for a living. In all three cases, I found that how villagers participated in forest governance depended on the nature of ties between state and villagers, or between village leader and villagers. These ties affect the extent to which state or community leaders can construct a 'common interest' which is perceived as legitimate by the people whose attitudes they seek to shape. The dissertation uses a broader notion of legitimacy than that of Ostrom's CPR framework drawing on ideas of 'moral economy', reciprocity, and culturally-specific forms oflegitimacy. I argue that a culturally-specific idea oflegitimacy is important in a state-led and power-laden context like China where the state has consistently tried to shape local community's interests in line with state interests. I propose also the use of the notion of legitimacy to draw on insights from the village governance literature on China to inform analyses of CPR governance.
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Gannon, Gary Lawrence. "Human Resources Programming and its Impact on Leadership within Governing Boards of Ontario Community Colleges." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/43566.
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This study investigated the direct experiences and preferences of Ontario community college board members and board secretaries to determine how specific programming related to governor recruitment, selection, training and performance evaluation assisted, or may contribute to, governance and leadership experiences during their term in office. These experiences and viewpoints were referenced against the scholarly literature in the domains of contemporary human resources management as well as board governance and leadership. Particular attention was paid to two recent models developed by Leblanc and Gillies (2005) and Chait, Ryan and Taylor (2005) which focus attention on desired leadership and governance practices in not-for-profit institutional settings.
Two principal research groups, including college governors and board secretaries, at twenty-two provincial community colleges were invited to complete separate on-line questionnaires which addressed their experiences in four specific human resources management program areas as well as their preferences for how such activities should be carried out. Trends in survey results for both groups were then explored via telephone interviews with five board leaders at community colleges that had participated in the on-line surveys.
The results of the study identified several areas where Ontario community colleges utilized contemporary human resources management processes in dealing with members of their boards of governors. The research results also confirmed opportunities for strengthening certain board management practices, through the sharing of expertise with the college’s human resources staff or with the assistance of third party expertise, to strengthen the individual and collective leadership of those serving in governing roles at these higher education institutions.
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Agyare, Andrew Kyei. "Polycentric Governance and Social-Ecological Performance of Community Resource Management Areas in Ghana." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/4930.
Full textAbstract:
Biodiversity secures long term flows of benefits from nature by providing resilience to disturbance and environmental change. Nevertheless, climate change, fragmentation and habitat destruction among other anthropogenic drivers, are inadvertently, causing continued decline of global biodiversity, at a rate that is 100-1000 times more than what can be considered as natural, sending it virtually to the brink. Protected Areas (PAs) remain the core strategy for biodiversity conservation, but they have been challenged for “denying” local communities, the flow of their bona fide benefits and contributing to rural poverty, and compromising conservation as a result. Community Based Natural Resources Governance (CBNRG) responds to the challenge, but the challenge is exacerbated by the fact that a broad array of desired outcomes as well as a large range of unlinked and uncoordinated nodes of governance (actors) across multiple scales are involved in governance within the same social-ecological system. These result in failure to achieve desired conservation and development related outcomes.
Furthermore, many assessments of conservation and development outcomes have often concentrated on perceived outcomes, without much attention to the desired outcomes of actors. Additionally, many studies do not investigate variability between the desired and perceived outcomes of different actors in different CBNRG systems, and within the same CBNRG system. This masks differences among actors across and within CBNRG systems and makes it difficult to gauge governance effectiveness, and probably leads to incomplete assessments CBNRG systems, and simplistic conclusions that can affect the long term credibility of CBNRG.
This dissertation contributes to the discussions by focusing on five Community Resource Management Areas (CREMAs) in Ghana to address challenges of governance and social-ecological performance through analysis of the governance structure related to CREMAs at the local, district and regional levels. It assesses how the governance system encounters the issue of fragmentation, the problems associated with conservation and development, and weaknesses associated with measuring the viability of CBNRG systems.
Data was collected through multiple methods. Document analysis and interviews were conducted to facilitate design of a survey, administered to 929 respondents across the five CREMAs. Three workshops that engaged a total of 50 participants were also conducted. Findings of the study are organized in three chapters (papers). Chapter One suggests that the form and content of multi actor linkages as presently constructed in Ghana have gaps and weaknesses such as inter alia, inadequate funding and attention to conservation and development as a distinct project. Therefore in its current configuration, CREMAs cannot achieve a balance between conservation and development. Chapter Two shows that based on a mix of factors that mediate CBNRG, significant variability in desired and perceived outcomes of actors can exist between and within different CBNRG systems. Chapter Three points to variability in the ratings of outcomes among actors in different communities within the same CBNRG system. Consequently, it is important that CBNRG considers the specific conservation and development perspectives of actors in different contexts, in order to customize Community Based Natural Resources Management strategies.<br>Graduate<br>0366
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Rodriguez, Ana Carolina Roa. "Governing property of plant genetic resources in the Andean community : from multiple to multilevel governance." Phd thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/141213.
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JUNG, CHU CHIEN, and 朱檢榕. "Analysis of Collaborative Governance on Community Resource Integration: Joint Community Development Association of Eight Communities, Including Yunghsing Community of Nantou City, Nantou County." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/13583388803090824849.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>國立暨南國際大學<br>公共行政與政策學系<br>100<br>“The Flagship Project for Welfare-based Communities” has been implemented at Nantou City of Nantou County since 2011. Adopting a cross-community (community coalition) approach, this project uses the well-developed Yungsing Community, to lead the surrounding communities with developmental potential to exert the spirit of “flagship navigates, ship follows” All this is done is to build up a collaboration between government departments and the academic field, trying its best to exert the development of the cooperation of the communities. The operating method of this cooperation is to conduct the concept of flagship-guided group development and the operational model of interactive learning and resource sharing. This project, together with governmental agencies and the academic field, is aiming for facilitating the implementation as well as the development of welfare-based communities, integrating flagship community resources, and encouraging empowerment and growth of more vulnerable communities. This project has pluralistic issues, including offering daily care and meals of community seniors and people with disabilities, offering consultation for helping foreign spouses adapt to their new environment, setting up after school tutorial programs for underprivileged children, working on community security, setting up summer school program for underprivileged children, offering computer classes for community women, and setting up volunteer training. Significant outcomes have already been observed.
The objective of this study is to use collaborative governance as the means to investigate the flagship project “Promoting deep-rooted communities in Nantou city: Making Nantou a wonderful place to live.” By analyzing the literature and conducting in-depth interview and field studies, the researchers gained insights into how participants of the project, with their managers as mediators, established mutual trust and exchanged experiences through forums and bulletin boards. This communication channel has enabled the aliened communities to learn together, to grow together, and to take full advantage of the collaboration. The key findings of this study are presented below:
I. The participating communities are equipped with good starting conditions. That is, there is a good past long-term collaborative experience among the City Hall, Yunghsing Community, and other participating communities that encourages communities to join the flagship project.
II. The forum-type regularly or non-regularly conducted briefing system enables the City Hall, advising professors, and community officers to not only hold open discussion for reaching consensus, but also follow regulations, and creating greater cohesion among the members.
III. The mayor of Nantou City, relevant section chiefs, and community chairpersons all possess an excellent facilitative leadership capacity. That is, they are good at using positive interaction with their subordinates and detailed group learning to unite the members to work for the organization or team. Their leadership style enables the organization to carry out empowerment, adaptation, and problem-solving continuously and smoothly, which can enhance the overall organizational efficacy, collaboration, and mutual trust.
IV. The first year of the implementation of the flagship project made by Nantou City Hall, Yunghsing Community, and other five communities is relatively successful. The participants have built mutual trust, become committed to the process, shared mutual understanding, achieved instant results, and carried out face-to-face dialogues and other substantial collaborative actions.
V. They have not only achieved the standards set by the Ministry of the Interior within the first year, but also attracted two other communities to join the project in the next year. In general, this action of collaborative governance has achieved excellent results.
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Nkongolo, Kabange Jr. "Improving the governance of mineral resources in Africa through a fundamental rights-based approach to community participation." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/14186.
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This study makes the assumption that community participation in the governance of mineral
resources is a requirement of sustainable development and that through a fundamental
rights-based approach, it can be made effective. The concern is that an affected community
should not only be involved in the decision-making process, but its view must also influence
the outcome in respect of whether or not a mineral project should take place and how it
should address development issues at local level. It is assumed that this legal approach will
improve mineral governance by bringing more transparency and accountability. In many
African resource-rich countries, community participation has until now been practiced with
more of a soft approach, with the consequence that it has been unable to eradicate the
opacity existing in the management of revenues generated by mineral exploitation and also
deal efficiently with the recurrence of fundamental rights violations in the mineral sector.
Obviously, the success of the fundamental rights based-approach is not absolutely
guaranteed because there are preconditions that must be fulfilled. The synergy between
community participation and some relevant concepts like democracy, decentarlisation,
accountability, (good) governance and sustainable development must be well balanced for the participation process to bring positive outcomes. Also, because the fundamental rights
based-approach is conceived here within the framework of the African Charter of Human
and People’s Rights, its normative and institutional components, despite the potential to
make participation effective and successful, require that some critical challenges be
addressed in practice. The study ends with the conclusion that the fundamental rights based-approach
is appropriate to make community participation effective in the mineral-led
development process taking place at local level, provided that its implementation is kept reasonable.<br>Constitutional, International & Indigenous Law<br>D.Law
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Junge, Hajo. "Decentralisation and community based natural resource management in Tanzania : the case of local governance and community based conservation in districts around Selous Game Reserve." Thesis, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/5396.
Full textAbstract:
The dissertation presents the results of a study of the role of decentralisation and
community participation in natural resource management in Tanzania. It analyses
whether the shift of central government power to decentralised government units and
the participation of local communities at village level result in more effective and
more sustainable management of natural resources, wildlife in particular. The study
uses Songea District and the Selous Conservation Programme south of Tanzania as
a case study.
As the examination of the origins and meaning of community-based natural resource
management and decentralisation and the analysis of international experiences
show, both approaches have been adapted in a number of countries in sub-Saharan
Africa. The government of Tanzania, with the support of a wide range of donors, is
implementing an ambitious Local Government Reform Programme. The Selous
Conservation Programme, jointly administered by the Tanzania Wildlife Division and
GTZ, is promoting community-based conservation in villages bordering the Selous
Game Reserve. The new Wildlife Policy, 1998, aims at the country-wide
implementation of community-based conservation.
Linkages between local government reform and improved environmental
management are weak from insitutional, legal and technical points of view. On the
other hand, the country has a policy environment that is highly supportive to
decentralised environmental management and there is potential for improvement at
both local and national levels.
Songea District Council has defined the sustainable management of natural
resources and the environment as one of its development priorities. Concerning the
implementation of the Local Government Reform Programme, the district faces some
problems and difficulties. Lack of human capacity and insufficient financial resources
constrain the decentralisation process.
Until now, up to about 50 villages bordering the game reserve have established their
Wildlife Management Areas utilising their hunting quota. Due to insufficient and
overdue legislation, the communities cannot fully make use and benefit from their
wildlife resource. If remained uncorrected in the near future, the sustainability of
community-based conservation programmes is threatened.<br>Thesis (M.Dev.Studies)-Univeristy of Natal, Durban, 2001.