Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Commutation (électricité) – Systèmes microélectromécaniques'
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Lafontan, Xavier. "Application des micro-technologies aux composants de commutation électrique : études et performances de micro-relais MEMS." Montpellier 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001MON20225.
Full textMaury, Fabien. "Conception, réalisation et test de déphaseurs micro-ondes intégrant une technologie MEMS." Limoges, 2009. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/a298bdca-bc9a-4ed2-9213-856531f9aaf7/blobholder:0/2009LIMO4017.pdf.
Full textThe work done here are about research project made with the EADS Foundation. The aim is to realize an RF MEMS antenna system with a good power handling, showing the feasibility of MEMS technology for power applications (beyond 1 W). More particularity, this antenna system is an antenna array where beamforming solution is achieved by RF MEMS phase shifters. During this thesis, phase shifters composed of MEMS switched capacitors have been designed, realized and tested
Mardivirin, David. "Etude des mécanismes mis en jeu dans la fiabilité des micro-commutateurs MEMS-RF." Limoges, 2010. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/e321f18e-23a9-4448-99a0-73476cf2cc9d/blobholder:0/2010LIMO4054.pdf.
Full textThe work presented in this manuscript focus on the characterization and analysis of failure mechanisms that appear in a new family of microwave components and RF MEMS (RadioFrequency Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems). If these components have quickly attracted a lot of hopes to solve a large number of locks on new communication architectures, it appeared that the reliability of these components has greatly slowed their industrial development. Moreover, these micro-switches result from a multi-physics coupling which added a high complexity and difficulty of understanding how they work and thus their reliability. Currently, numerous and intense efforts are made by the scientific community (university and industry), as this issue was left open many questions and unresolved problems. This thesis aims to contribute on this area, both on experimental, theoretical and technological plans
El, Khatib Mohamad-Kazem Hassib. "Fonctions de commutation à base de micro-commutateurs MEMS RF appliquées à la conception de matrices de commutation." Limoges, 2008. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/f219e1ac-7906-477d-a208-c52aa96c485d/blobholder:0/2008LIMO4039.pdf.
Full textThe work of thesis described in this manuscript has contributed in the development of new reconfigurable microwave circuits topologies benefiting from the strong potential of MEMS technology. This work is a part of the SMARTIS European project which focused on seeking for solutions based on RF MEMS ohmic contact switches. In the first section, we were interested by the part concerning signal routing and switching in RF systems. The proposed switching solution is based on improving system reliability, by playing on its architecture. A study of major failure events was presented in order to respond to this issue. Then, from the developed switching base brick, other switching functions and more complex matrix have been designed, tested and presented. The resulted structures are relatively efficient and more attractive than those made based on semiconductors. Thus, for a DPDT designed, we measured, on preliminary structures, isolation better than 42 dB and insertion loss of better than 0. 7 dB for all transmission paths of the structure. In a second section, we were interested in the development of a Ka-band micro-package destined for the encapsulation of RF MEMS based switching functions developed lately in this manuscript. The proposed wafer level packaging technique is based on the report of two wafer layers with an intermediate seal metal layer, it is a relatively simple method to implement, and it can be achieved in a collective way
Pezous, Hélène. "Conception et intégration en technologie MEMS d'une micro amorce sécurisée." Toulouse 3, 2009. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/899/.
Full textThe work of this PhD thesis concerns the conception and the fabrication of a Safe Arm and Fire (SAF) fuze. The innovation of this work, in addition to the fact that it integrates all the traditional fuze elements (detonator, mechanical barrier, actuator and safety) in silicon technology, is set at two levels: - It proposes to integrate a pyrotechnical actuator which requires a few of electrical energy to move a mechanical screen being used to block the pyrotechnical chain just before the armament. No other actuation type could fulfill this function with the energy constraints imposed by the silicon integration. - It integrates, around the main function, one-shot switches (ON-OFF and OFF-ON) completely compatible with the detonator because they are based on the same technological brick (a resistive heater on a SiO2/SiNx membrane) and which ensure the electric safeties. The detonator and the pyrotechnical actuator require 635mW to initiate the explosive placed directly in contact with the resistive heater. Initiation is done in 36ms. The various security functions are provided by one-shot switches that we developed: - The ON-OFF microswitch requires 500mW during 1,5s to divide a track which passes on the resistive heater. - The OFF-ON microswitch, by carrying out a locally micro-soldering between two insulated electrical tracks, requires a minimum power of 160mW to commute the switch in 443ms. Thanks to these innovations, we fabricated a safe micro fuze demonstrator, smaller than 1cm3 without the supply, and we experimentally validated the device good functioning
Achkar, Hikmat. "Modélisation et conception des micro commutateurs RF MEMS à actionnement électrostatique et/ou piézoélectrique." Toulouse 3, 2009. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/594/.
Full textMEMS are electromechanical system that have a micrometric scale including sensors as well as actuators (micro motor, micro mirrors, micro switches. . . ) manufactured using the conventional micro-electronics techniques (growth of oxide, material deposition, lithography). The majority of RF MEMS switches are actuated using the electrostatic forces to vary the distance between the two electrodes to cut or transmit the signal. This type of actuation, despite its advantages, has a major drawback which is the dielectric charging which leads to the failure of the switch. To solve this problem, we worked in parallel in two directions. The first direction consists of changing the type of actuation, which is the main reason for charging and failure, to piezoelectric while the second consists of keeping the electrostatic actuation while improving the behavior of the structures by increasing the restoring force used to overcome this charging phenomenon without increasing the actuation voltage. This work has succeeded a major step which is the numeric platform validation before using it to simulate the structure
Pothier, Arnaud. "Conception, réalisation et test de micro-commutateurs micro-electromécaniques et application aux circuits hyperfréquences reconfigurables." Limoges, 2003. http://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/6cf0371e-bf80-4a5b-b4de-07c554a9bbcb/blobholder:0/2003LIMO0058.pdf.
Full textSince few years, the MEMS technology for microwave applications has grown up with the potential to improve the circuit and device performances. Several components have been designed and demonstrate an important reduction of loss and a higher linearity than their main counterparts: the semi-conductor components. This work investigates the MEMS switches design and their integration in tunable microwave systems. Thus, we first present a state of art of this MEMS technology and the MEMS microwave devices. The micromachined switches operation is investigated. The main advantages, drawbacks and some applications where these components could improve the performances are discussed. The second part of this work is dedicated to the mechanical and electromagnetical design of a DC contact switch. The main objective of this work was to realise a reliable component which present good performances. The switch optimisation is presented and discussed with the corresponding mechanical and electric measurements. The last part of this memory addresses the development of new switchable microwave circuit topology including DC contact micro relays. Three applications are discussed; some tunable filters are developed with a high tuning in frequency (22% for the first one and 44% for the other). We also present how to preserve the device losses to a low level, and keep high the quality factor of these systems
Ducarouge, Benoît. "Conception et caractérisation de micro-commutateurs électromécaniques hyperfréquences de puissance : application à un circuit de commutation d'émission/réception large bande." Toulouse 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOU30172.
Full textMEMS ("Micro Electro Mechanical Systems") technologies have been successfully introduced in the past decade in order to develop smart micro-systems exhibiting high integration level, new functionalities such as reconfigurability (to switch over different standards) or self repairing ability, and high electrical performances up to millimeterwave frequencies. Moreover, new system architectures can be implemented thanks to these devices, which demonstrate the potentialities of MEMS technologies in future wireless systems. In the meantime, their multi-physic design dealing with electrostatic, mechanical and electromagnetical concerns, translates into a long and complex optimization of the MEMS-based circuits slowing their industrial use. Moreover, few studies are available on the power handling capabilities of these components, which is the key parameter to improve their integration into front-end networks. Our work, made in LAAS-CNRS, concentrates on the design and characterisation of power RF-MEMS switches and their integration into a broadband single pole double throw circuit, for front-end duplexer operating in X band. The first chapter will be dedicated to a multi-physic design methodology for capacitive electrostaticaly actuated RF-MEMS switches design. This methodology, associated with an optimized topology, enables an efficient development of MEMS components and circuits. Demonstrators have been measured and demonstrate outstanding RF performances which validate the proposed methodology. The second part of this work points out the power optimization of RF MEMS switches. A power handling prediction methodology has been proposed and used to optimize the switch described in the first chapter. Simulations have been confirmed by measurements which validate our prediction method. The measured RF MEMS power handling demonstrates the ability of this technology to be used in front-end circuits and systems. Finally, the third chapter deals with an application using the methodologies described above: a broadband (6-18 GHz) power switching circuit for front-end duplexer. This circuit has been optimized, realized and characterized and exhibits state of the art microwave and power performances over a broad frequency band
Fleury, Gatien. "Etude, conception et réalisation en technologie MEMS d'un commutateur mécaniquement bistable." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00508949.
Full textCroizier, Guillaume. "Modélisation, réalisation et test de MEMS RF capacitif de puissance à base de dépôt diélectrique par ALD pour la conception de commutateur pour applications RADAR." Thesis, Lille 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL10210.
Full textRF MEMS are key components to improve the efficiency and size of numerous functions of microwave systems (Phase shifter, transmission/reception module, antennas array, reconfigurable systems, impedance matching…). To develop the next generation of RADAR systems, Thales takes special interest in the integration of capacitive RF MEMS devices to demonstrate reconfigurable functions with power handling capabilities up to 30 W. The work reported in this thesis did focus on the study of dielectric materials and deposition techniques to identify, integrate and demonstrate the advantages of promising dielectrics for capacitive RF MEMS power handling. The components fabrication aspects have also been studied, especially the impact of surface state quality on performances, power handling and devices failure mechanisms. Furthermore, this work did point out that with the integration of ALD material, power handling of capacitive RF MEMS is no longer limited by the capacitance dielectric. Furthermore, with the integration of ALD material the components design become the limiting factor for power handling, particularly the membrane thickness and the switch configuration. To open new prospects, several designs have been developed and studied to address these power handling limitations
Bordas, Chloé. "Optimisation technologique de commutateurs MEMS RF à tenue en puissance améliorée : application à l'élaboration d'un synthétiseur d'impédance MEMS en bande K." Toulouse 3, 2008. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/238/.
Full textCapacitive RF MicroElectroMechanical System switches present well-known interests in microwave field for a lot of applications (spatial, mobile phone). They may bring tunability to high frequency modules without all the drawbacks of active devices. However numerous problems remain unsolved like dielectric reliability, power handling and fabrication yield which slow down the industrialisation of such components. Efforts have already been done on the design, the dielectric reliability and the technological process. This last-one is not enough improved to obtain functional structures with enhanced performances and reproducibility. The purpose of this thesis work deals with the optimization of the fabrication process of capacitive RF switches with enhanced power handling and their integration in an impedance tuner for K band applications. The first section shows the fabrication process and its principal improvements. Studies on sacrificial layer and releasing method permitted to increase the RF performances and the technological yield. Moreover, new dielectrics have been investigated in order to get better switch life time. The relation between the applied power and the generated temperature is described in the second chapter. Thermal characterizations have been performed to understand the mechanical behaviours under stress. Thanks to infra-red camera, the overheating due to power has been determined. Solutions have been found and studied to absorb or prevent deformations under thermal stress. Finally, all these improvements and studies have been applied to a circuit: an impedance tuner. Its design, fabrication and characterization constitute the final chapter of this manuscript
Peyrou, David. "Etude théorique et expérimentale des techniques d’assemblage et de mise en boîtier pour l’intégration de microsystèmes radio-fréquences." Toulouse 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOU30130.
Full textRadio-Frequency Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (RF MEMS) are highly miniaturized devices intended to switch, modulate, filter or tune electrical signals from DC to microwave frequencies. RF Mems switches are characterized by their high isolation, low insertion loss, large bandwith and by their unparalleled signal linearity. Despite these benefits, RF Mems switches are not yet seen in commercial products because of reliability issues, limits in signal power handling and question in packaging. In this context, we put in evidence, a near hermetic packaging based on a micro-machined cap in Foturan sealed onto a photopatternable polymer Benzo-Cyclo-Butene (BCB) as a solution adapted to micro-switches RF. To answer the stakes in conception, we identified needs in multiphysics modelling able to generate behavioural macro-models. Finally, a demonstrator was characterised in terms of return and insertion losses measurements, which assures insignificant impact of the package on the RF losses
Ruan, Jinyu Jason. "Analyse et modélisation de l'impact des décharges électrostatiques et des agressions électromagnétiques sur les microcommutateurs." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00512333.
Full textMétivier, Yves. "Contribution à l'étude des monoi͏̈des de commutations." Bordeaux 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987BOR10528.
Full textBenamara, Ahmed. "Contribution à l'extraction des paramètres inertiels non linéaires des structures semiconductrices." Toulouse, INPT, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993INPT035H.
Full textBattiston, Alexandre. "Modélisation, commande, stabilité et mise en oeuvre des onduleurs à source impédante : application aux systèmes embarqués." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0357/document.
Full textOver the past ten years, hydraulic and thermal technologies tend to make room for electrical system. Fields related to transportation (automotive, avionics, railway or naval) are directly impacted. The interest and dynamism in power electronics Research are justified by the impact of such a field in the development of embedded systems. This thesis focuses on the study of impedance-source inverters as possible topologies to replace conventional ones. Several studies are conducted according to different criteria and do not aim at only comparing the topologies. It proposes solutions and improvements in the control system as well as in its basis architecture. These studies are all applied to an electric traction system composed of an synchronous machine fed by an impedance-source inverter. It is showed that large interests come out of the obtained results. For instance, the cancellation of the high-frequency current ripples allows mastering the quality of the battery current. Moreover, some constraints as regards machine ageing can be reduced by mastering the slew rates dv/dt. Some drawbacks are nevertheless pointed out. There is no need in using such a topology to improve efficiency that is above the same as conventional structures. Moreover, controls of DC-side AC-side of the system are dependent due to the fact that inverter’s control is used to step up the DC-bus voltage
Cros, Jérôme. "Définition d'un actionneur à aimants permanents et électronique intégrée pour l'automobile." Toulouse, INPT, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992INPT026H.
Full textPaillot, Thomas. "Etude de composants MEMS RF pour les circuits hyperfréquences et millimètriques." Limoges, 2005. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/4476a58f-9a3c-467d-93cf-45881d3a1e6a/blobholder:0/2005LIMO0040.pdf.
Full textThis work presents MEMS component applications for radio frequency and millimeter wave circuits. These components have been used for the realization of switch functions and also integrated to "classic" RF circuits, resonators and filters, in order to obtain frequency tunable circuits. Several circuits have been presented, low loss capacitive switches in Ka band, capacitive switches for high power applications and finally tunable resonators and filters. A particular study has been made so as to demonstrate microstrip tunable circuits. The measurements obtained on a two pole tunable filter using four MEMS variable capacitors show the potential of micro electromechanical components to realize high quality factor circuits
Nguyen, The Dung. "Étude des stratégies de modulation pour onduleur triphasé dédiées à la réduction des perturbations du bus continu en environnement embarqué." Compiègne, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011COMP1968.
Full textThis thesis presents new PWM strategies for embedded two-level voltage source inverter in order to reduce the conduction perturbations on DC link and switching losses. Indeed, passive filters are not allowed on embedded electric system due to their size and weight. In order to absorb conduction perturbations on DC link, two degrees of freedom are : DC link capacitors and the inverter’s controlling strategies. However, DC link capacitors are a recurrent fault source: their life span depends on the RMS value of the absorbed current. Hence, in this thesis, we are proposing two new PWM strategies to reduce the RMS value of DC link capacitors’ absorbed current and to reduce the switching losses. A reduction in DC link capacitors’ RMS current value also lead to a reduction of DC link voltage ripple. In order to do that, the proposed PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) techniques base on utilizing 2 non adjacent active vectors (for low reference voltage’s amplitude) or by utilizing 3 consecutive active vectors (for high reference voltage’s amplitude) at each switching period. Analytical results show the effectiveness of these strategies compared to that of Space Vector PWM Strategy SVPWM in terms of RMS value for DC link capacitor current and in terms of switching losses. Experimental results confirm their effectiveness. Moreover, it is shown that these new strategies can be implemented on DSP for real time applications
Ameur, Omar. "Commande et stabilité des systèmes commutés : Application Fluid Power." Thesis, Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ECDL0032/document.
Full textThis work focuses on the control and stability analysis of an electro-pneumatic system, i.e. a linear pneumatic cylinder controlled by two servo valves regulating the mass flow entering each chamber of the actuator. The general problem is motivated by the appearance of stick-slip on the electro-pneumatic system, hardly taken into account by the current studies in automatic control. This problem, encountered throughout the years, concerns all mono- and multidimensional linear and non-linear controls systems studied at the laboratory. In pneumatic cylinders, the phenomenon consists in a displacement of the rod a while after it has come to a rest ; this is due to the fact that the force acting on the rod initially becomes smaller that the threshold which is necessary for a motion, and then this threshold is overcome later on. In this case, stick-slip is caused by the presence of dry friction and by the pressure dynamics in the chambers, which continue to evolve (integrating the net incoming mass flow from the servovalves) even after the rod has stopped. The first part of this thesis proposes a nonlinear switching control law in order to avoid stick-slip on pneumatic cylinder, taking into account with the variations of dry friction that may occur at any time causing this phenomenon. This technique is implemented and its effectiveness is recognized. The greatest part of this thesis deals with the stability analysis of the pneumatic cylinder with its switched control law. The presence of dry friction and the application of a switched control law requires an appropriate method for approaching the stability analysis ; this method is based on considering the closed-loop system as belonging to a class of switched systems called piecewise affine systems (PWA). The main difficulty in this approach lies in obtaining adequate Lyapunov functions for proving stability, which turns into an optimization problem under LMI constraints (Linear Matrix Inequality) using the S-procedure. In order to analyze the stability of a PWA system, a first method is proposed allowing the computation of a piecewise quadratic Lyapunov function through an optimization problem under LMI constraints. The methods takes into account, in contrast to conventional methods, that the states might converge not to a single point but to a set of equilibrium points. The proposed approach allows also the study of robustness with respect to parametric variations in the system. A second method is also proposed for the construction of a type of Lyapunov functions called piecewise polynomial, using the “sum of squares” and “power transformation” techniques. This approach proposes less conservative sufficient conditions than those imposed by the piecewise quadratic Lyapunov functions, yielding a more succesfull stability test when for PWA systems featuring sliding modes and parametric variations. In fact, on PWA systems with discontinuous dynamics (which can generate sliding phenomena), piecewise quadratic Lyapunov functions might prove ineffective to prove the stability. Therefore, the results on piecewise quadratic Lyapunov functions are extended in order to compute piecewise polynomial Lyapunov functions of higher order, by solving an optimization problem under LMI constraints. These functions are more general and allow less conservative conditions compared to those formerly developed in the literature. Both of these methods have been applied to the stability analysis of the set of equilibrium points of the pneumatic cylinder, considering first a friction model in saturation form and then a model in relay form with a discontinuous dynamics. The application of the methods is successful, i.e. the robust stability is proven under dry friction threshold variations, with possibility of sliding modes
Noullet, Jean-Louis. "Analyse et réalisation des filtres à capacités commutées à réponse impulsionnelle finie." Toulouse, INSA, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ISAT0016.
Full textHebib, Sami. "Nouvelle topologie d'antennes multi-bandes pour applications spatiales." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00347683.
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