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Journal articles on the topic 'Commuting zone'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 24 April 2022

Last updated: 30 July 2025

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1

Thipayasothorn, Pastraporn, Rachadakorn Phonpakdee, Saravanee Phuengpunum, and Aumamporn Pechsinjon. "Eco-Design and Energy Saving Concepts for the Agricultural – Commercial Fringe Communities in Western Thailand." E3S Web of Conferences 57 (2018): 04003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20185704003.

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These The purpose of this study was to develop planning for the communities along the agricultural – commercial fringe in the Special Economic Zones of western Thailand corresponding to the area’s physical environment, activities and commuting patterns. In order to fulfill the purpose, this study has analyzed the significant activities and commuting patterns of the communities along the particular fringe area in the Special Economic Zones of 5 western provinces as well as the opinions towards community planning given by 400 residents living in the certain areas. The findings indicated that the

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Caballero, María Esther, Giuseppe Ippedico, and Giovanni Peri. "Political Polarization and US-Mexico Migration." AEA Papers and Proceedings 115 (May 1, 2025): 421–26. https://doi.org/10.1257/pandp.20251025.

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We study how the US presidential election of 2016 affected the subsequent inflow of Mexican-born immigrants. We use the Matricula Consular de Alta Seguridad data to construct proxies for annual inflows and internal movements of Mexican-born individuals, including undocumented immigrants, across US commuting zones. We find that a 10 percentage point increase in the Republican vote share in a commuting zone reduced inflows by 1.8 percent after the 2016 Trump election. The internal relocation of established Mexican immigrants primarily explains this reduction, though inflows of new immigrants dec

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Kacher, Nicholas, and Luke Petach. "Boon or Burden? Evaluating the Competing Effects of House-Price Shocks on Regional Entrepreneurship." Economic Development Quarterly 35, no. 4 (2021): 287–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/08912424211041084.

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This paper examines the impact of changes in housing affordability on regional entrepreneurship. Two-way fixed-effects estimates suggest an increase in the level of house prices in a commuting zone results in a decline in establishment openings as a share of existing establishments—consistent with a crowding-out effect. In contrast, an increase in the growth rate of house prices results in a small (although not always statistically significant) increase in establishment openings—consistent with a positive wealth effect from capital gains. To address endogeneity concerns, the authors adopt two

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Miller, Eric J., and Amal Ibrahim. "Urban Form and Vehicular Travel: Some Empirical Findings." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1617, no. 1 (1998): 18–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1617-03.

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Some empirical findings are presented on the relationship between urban form and work trip commuting efficiency, drawn from the analysis of 1986 work trip commuting patterns in the greater Toronto area. Work trip commuting efficiency is measured with respect to the average number of vehicle kilometers traveled (VKT) per worker in a given zone. Preliminary findings include VKT per worker increases as one moves away from both the central core of the city and from other high-density employment centers within the region; job-housing balance, per se, shows little impact on commuting VKT; and popula

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Scarborough, William J., and Ray Sin. "Gendered Places: The Dimensions of Local Gender Norms across the United States." Gender & Society 34, no. 5 (2020): 705–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0891243220948220.

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In this study, we explore the dimensions of local gender norms across U.S. commuting zones. Applying hierarchical cluster analysis with four established indicators of gender norms, we find that these local cultural environments are best conceptualized with a multilevel framework. Commuting zones can be differentiated between those that are egalitarian and those that are traditional. Within these general categories, however, exist more complex dimensions. Gender-traditional areas may be distinguished between traditional-breadwinning and traditional-essentialist, while egalitarian areas are sepa

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Kelobonye, Keone, Feng Mao, Jianhong Xia, Mohammad Swapan, and Gary McCarney. "The Impact of Employment Self-Sufficiency Measures on Commuting Time: Case Study of Perth, Australia." Sustainability 11, no. 5 (2019): 1488. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11051488.

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The level of commuting in cities is an important indicator of the efficiency of urban spatial structure. Recent research has come out in support of land use policies that promote balancing the number of employment opportunities and residents in local geographical units to reduce excess commuting. This study explores three employment self-sufficiency indices: job-worker balance (JWB), employment self-sufficiency (ESS) and employment self-containment (ESC), as measures for reducing the level of commuting. Using the case of Perth, Western Australia, we perform a trip-based evaluation of these thr

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Махрова, А. Г., Р. А. Бабкин, and П. Л. Кириллов. "Spatiotemporal commuting patterns in Moscow region." Journal of the New Economic Association, no. 2(63) (May 30, 2024): 249–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.31737/22212264_2024_2_249-256.

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В статье обобщается современный опыт исследования маятниковых трудовых миграций в Московском регионе. В условиях, когда официальные данные о возвратной мобильности населения отсутствуют в течение долгого времени, информационной основой для изучения маятниковой трудовой мобильности могут стать данные сотовых операторов. Они позволяют оценивать общее число коммьютеров, пространственную неравномерность и временную изменчивости их потоков. Показано, как общий объем маятниковых миграций (1,1–1,5 млн человек в Москву и 0,3–0,4 млн человек из Москвы) распределяется по территории региона. Обосновывают

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Phan, Duc C., Long T. Truong, Hien D. Nguyen, and Richard Tay. "Modelling the Relationships between Train Commuters’ Access Modes and Traffic Safety." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2022 (February 26, 2022): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/3473397.

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Walking, cycling, and feeder bus/tram for first- and last-mile (FLM) train access are often considered to have better health benefits, lower cost, and less environmental impacts than driving. However, little is known about the road safety impacts of these FLM access modes, particularly at a network level. This paper aims to investigate the impacts of train commuters’ access modes on road safety in Victoria, Australia. Macroscopic analyses of crash outcomes in each zone (i.e., Statistical Area Level 1) were performed using negative binomial (NB) and spatially lagged X negative binomial (SLXNB),

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Hellings, Anna, and Andreas Rienow. "Mapping Land Surface Temperature Developments in Functional Urban Areas across Europe." Remote Sensing 13, no. 11 (2021): 2111. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13112111.

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Unsustainable development paths have reached critical levels in Europe. In recent years, in cities, urbanization has been contributing to the intensification of urban heat islands. To analyze the development of surface urban heat islands (SUHI) in Europe in the last few years, the present study combines the land surface temperature (LST) from MODIS with the urban classes of the CORINE land cover data within 617 functional urban areas (FUAs). Urban and industrial uses have significantly higher LST than green urban areas across all years (about 4 to 6 °C), as do agricultural areas within cities.

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Low, Sarah A., and Stephan Weiler. "Employment Risk, Returns, and Entrepreneurship." Economic Development Quarterly 26, no. 3 (2012): 238–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0891242412452445.

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Comparing local employment portfolios against entrepreneurship, this research finds that local wage and salary job market prospects shape incentives for potential entrepreneurs. Entrepreneurship may thus be more attractive in areas featuring high employment risk and/or low returns. This research contributes to the existing regional employment portfolio literature by using more disaggregated data at both the county and the commuting zone levels. Commuting zones in particular represent a broader spectrum of labor market agglomerations across both rural and urban areas to provide the most stringe

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Lee, Seon Yeong, and Ji Hoon Kweon. "A Communicable Disease Spread Model in Neighborhood-convenience Facilities within Elementary-school Commuting Zone." Forum of Public Safety and Culture 24 (September 30, 2023): 307–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.52902/kjsc.2023.24.307.

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The purpose of this study is to propose a model that analyze the architectural characteristics of neighborhood-convenience facilities around schools, which are vulnerable to infections, and their relevance to the spread of communicable diseases. This model aims to provide a foundation for making decisions on concentrating sanitation resources to prevent the inflow of communicable diseases and the occurrence of group infections in the vicinity of elementary schools. In order to understand the impact of neighborhood-convenience facilities located within a 1,500m commuting distance from ele

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Silva, Alice Tatiane da, Rogério César Fermino, Adalberto Aparecido dos Santos Lopes, Claudia Oliveira Alberico, and Rodrigo Siqueira Reis. "DISTANCE TO FITNESS ZONE, USE OF FACILITIES AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY IN ADULTS." Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte 24, no. 2 (2018): 157–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1517-869220182402180439.

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ABSTRACT Introduction: The characteristics of the built environment are important predictors of physically active behavior. In this regard, the presence, availability, access to and quality of public open spaces for physical activity close to home are positively associated with their use and higher levels of physical activity in the population. Objective: To analyze the association between distance from home to outdoor fitness zones with the use of these facilities and physical activity in adults from Curitiba, Brazil. Methods: Cross-sectional study conducted with 328 users of 20 outdoor fitne

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Ribeiro, Bruno. "Using mobility apps to optimize commuting during the morning-afternoon rush hour in São Paulo city." Journal of Urban Mobility, Logistics and Sustainable Smart Cities 1, no. 2 (2024): 53–66. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14579545.

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The operation of the transportation system in the megacity of São Paulo is a constant challenge, especially during rush hour, with a motorization indicator of 1.35 people per vehicle, or about 74%. Every day, people in São Paulo face several bottlenecks that directly impact their daily lives. Therefore, the use of mobility applications that offer better routes for the displacement of people in urban centers deserves attention, as they contribute to the reduction of travel time and transportation costs. This paper aims to compare and analyze the travel time among the main routes f

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Li, Yun, Yuan Yuan Feng, and Sheng Rui Zhang. "Discussion on the Characters and Problems of the Slow Traffic System for the Technological Development Zone." Advanced Materials Research 734-737 (August 2013): 1582–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.734-737.1582.

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The traffic characters and conflicts are analyzed on the basis of including features of various kinds of traffic modes for the technological development zone. The investigation results reflects that travel time concentrated distribution and commuting is the mainly travel purpose. The proportion of slow traffic is more than 50% in the peak hours. The conflicts to the slow traffic mainly caused by public traffic and motor vehicle. Ignoring the slow traffic management, the lack of public participation and citizens do not satisfied the slow traffic environment and are the main problems for the slo

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Rybnikova, Nataliya, Boris A. Portnov, Igal Charney, and Sviatoslav Rybnikov. "Delineating Functional Urban Areas Using a Multi-Step Analysis of Artificial Light-at-Night Data." Remote Sensing 13, no. 18 (2021): 3714. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13183714.

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A functional urban area (FUA) is a geographic entity that consists of a densely inhabited city and a less densely populated commuting zone, both highly integrated through labor markets. The delineation of FUAs is important for comparative urban studies and it is commonly performed using census data and data on commuting flows. However, at the national scale, censuses and commuting surveys are performed at low frequency, and, on the global scale, consistent and comparable data are difficult to obtain overall. In this paper, we suggest and test a novel approach based on artificial light at night

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Szczepańska, Agnieszka. "Transport Accessibility in a Suburban Zone and Its Influence on the Local Real Estate Market: A Case Study of the Olsztyn Functional Urban Area (Poland)." Land 10, no. 5 (2021): 465. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10050465.

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The development of real estate markets in the vicinity of cities is linked with suburbanization processes. The migration of the population to suburban areas contributes to the growth of the residential property market (houses, apartments and construction plots). To minimize commuting costs, property buyers opt for locations that are situated close to the urban core. This article analyzes construction plots on the local real estate market in the Olsztyn Functional Urban Area, in terms of their temporal accessibility and demographic changes. Spatial variations in population distribution were ana

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Roche, Maria P. "Taking Innovation to the Streets: Microgeography, Physical Structure, and Innovation." Review of Economics and Statistics 102, no. 5 (2020): 912–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/rest_a_00866.

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In this paper, we analyze how the physical layout of cities affects innovation by influencing the organization of knowledge exchange. We exploit a novel data set covering all census block groups in the contiguous United States with information on innovation outcomes, street infrastructure, as well as population and workforce characteristics. To deal with concerns of omitted variable bias, we apply commuting zone fixed effects and construct instruments based on historic city planning. The results suggest that variation in street network density may explain regional innovation differentials beyo

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Azar, José, Ioana Marinescu, and Marshall Steinbaum. "Measuring Labor Market Power Two Ways." AEA Papers and Proceedings 109 (May 1, 2019): 317–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/pandp.20191068.

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We compute the “applications elasticity” as a proxy for firm-level labor supply elasticity by regressing the applications to a given job on the posted wage. The average applications elasticity in our data is 0.42. We then relate our elasticity estimates to concentration in labor markets defined by six-digit SOC occupations and commuting zone. We show a robust negative relationship between the two. Applications elasticity is near zero for all but the most densely populated labor markets, suggesting that 80 percent of the workforce works in labor markets where employers exercise significant mono

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Pilotto, Angela Seixas, and Mariana Araújo de Matos Novaski. "Urban mobility indicators in the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo based on the Origin and Destination Metro survey." Cadernos Metrópole 25, no. 56 (2023): 229–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2236-9996.2023-5610.e.

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Abstract The results of the 2017 Origin and Destination (OD) Metro survey for the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo (acronym in Portuguese: RMSP) were published in 2019. Through a spatial analysis of open data from the OD survey, this article aims to identify characteristics of the daily commuting performed by RMSP residents, investigating spatial patterns of travel time, mode choice, motorization rate, mobility and immobility index, considering population distribution according to different income ranges and disaggregated by OD zone. The 2017 results are compared to those of 2007 to investigat

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Burya, Anastasia, Rui Mano, Yannick Timmer, and Anke Weber. "The Wage Phillips Curve under Labor Market Power." AEA Papers and Proceedings 113 (May 1, 2023): 110–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/pandp.20231007.

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Using the near universe of online vacancy postings in the United States, we explore linkages between labor market power and the trade-off between unemployment and wages. We estimate the Phillips curve at the commuting zone level and find that the relationship between unemployment and wage inflation is weak in regions with high labor market power. These results help explain the flattening of the wage Phillips curve following the global financial crisis. In the context of rising interest rates, unemployment is likely to rise more in poorer US regions because labor market power is more prevalent

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Card, David, Jesse Rothstein, and Moises Yi. "Location, Location, Location." American Economic Journal: Applied Economics 17, no. 1 (2025): 297–336. https://doi.org/10.1257/app.20220427.

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We use linked employer–employee data to study the causal effects of location on earnings in the United States. We estimate a model with employer and employee effects, then aggregate to the commuting zone (CZ) level. Sorting across firms biases traditional “movers” designs. Our model accurately predicts earnings changes for CZ movers after accounting for firm sorting. Worker skills explain half of observed earnings differences across CZs; observable characteristics understate this. Industry composition explains little of average place effects. Costs at least offset CZ earnings premia on average

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Aghion, Philippe, Ufuk Akcigit, Antonin Bergeaud, Richard Blundell, and David Hemous. "Innovation and Top Income Inequality." Review of Economic Studies 86, no. 1 (2018): 1–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/restud/rdy027.

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Abstract In this article, we use cross-state panel and cross-U.S. commuting-zone data to look at the relationship between innovation, top income inequality and social mobility. We find positive correlations between measures of innovation and top income inequality. We also show that the correlations between innovation and broad measures of inequality are not significant. Next, using instrumental variable analysis, we argue that these correlations at least partly reflect a causality from innovation to top income shares. Finally, we show that innovation, particularly by new entrants, is positivel

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Dunn, Abe, and Mahsa Gholizadeh. "The Geography of Consumption and Local Economic Shocks: The Case of the Great Recession." American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics 17, no. 2 (2025): 206–44. https://doi.org/10.1257/mac.20210256.

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We estimate across-county spending flows between firms and consumers for every county in the United States, providing a new consumption link that has not been studied previously. We highlight the importance of this link by estimating the effect of changes in local housing wealth on consumption and employment from 2001 to 2019. We generally find that the effect from changes in housing wealth crosses borders to affect consumption and employment in a pattern consistent with our spending flows. However, we find potential consumers who reside outside the local commuting zone disproportionately affe

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Yathish, D. P., and S. Nandini. "Prevention of Disasters using Automated Railway Crossing System." International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology (IJEAT) 9, no. 4 (2020): 491–94. https://doi.org/10.35940/ijeat.D7018.049420.

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Railway is the most prominent and most economical way of transport. Majority of people depend on railways for transportation. Rail modes are most commonly used and very effective mode of commuting and goods carriage over long, short distances. In this paper, we are preparing a system in order to prevent the disasters which happen due to unmanned level crossing in the railways. For this system, Arduino Uno is used as the platform with ATMEGA16U2 as the microcontroller. In order to detect the train as well as the obstacles ultra-sonic sensors are used. When the train approaches the unmanned zone

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Gonsalves, Leroy, Bradley Law, Cameron Webb, and Vaughan Monamy. "Are vegetation interfaces important to foraging insectivorous bats in endangered coastal saltmarsh on the Central Coast of New South Wales?" Pacific Conservation Biology 18, no. 4 (2012): 282. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc120282.

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Conservation of insectivorous bats and their habitats is of increasing concern in Australia and linear elements in the landscape form important foraging habitats for many species. Only recently has use of endangered coastal saltmarsh habitat by bats been documented. Vegetation adjoining saltmarsh provides echolocating bats with linear elements that may be used while foraging and commuting to patches of high insect abundance. We used acoustic detectors to investigate whether individual species and total bat activity along seaward and landward saltmarsh edges was different to the interior of the

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Grindal, Scott D., and R. Mark Brigham. "Impacts of forest harvesting on habitat use by foraging insectivorous bats at different spatial scales." Écoscience 6, no. 1 (1999): 25–34. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14819248.

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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) To assess habitat use by foraging bats in southern British Columbia, Canada, we used narrow band bat detectors and estimated insect availability with light-suction traps. We measured bat activity and insect availability in harvested forests at three spatial scales: habitat type (existing cutblocks, cutblock/forest edges, and undisturbed forest), stand ageclass (four classes ranging between 80 and 250 years), and elevational zone (three zones ranging between 540 and 1800 m). In cutblock and edge habitat types, foraging activity paralleled insec

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Muñiz, Ivan, and Vania Sánchez. "Urban Spatial Form and Structure and Greenhouse-gas Emissions From Commuting in the Metropolitan Zone of Mexico Valley." Ecological Economics 147 (May 2018): 353–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2018.01.035.

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Grindal, S. D., J. L. Morissette, and R. M. Brigham. "Concentration of bat activity in riparian habitats over an elevational gradient." Canadian Journal of Zoology 77, no. 6 (1999): 972–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z99-062.

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Riparian areas are generally assumed to represent important foraging areas for insectivorous bats, but this contention has rarely been formally quantified. To test this assumption, we used bat detectors to compare the relative activity levels of a community of temperate-zone bat species between riparian (lake) and upland (cutblock) habitats at three different elevations (ranging from 540 to 1800 m) in a forested area of southern British Columbia. In addition, we also investigated the sex and age class distributions of bats (based on mist-net captures) between riparian and upland habitats among

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Pakuła, Marcin, and Joanna Furmankiewicz. "Bat behavior around double-track electrified railways." European Journal of Wildlife Research 68, no. 1 (2022): 5. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13437533.

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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Animals' mortality due to transportation infrastructure is a significant problem for some species. Scale of mortality in part depends on their behavior near railways and other transport routes. We studied the mortality and flight activity of bats in 7 double-track electrified (i.e., leading the catenary, a railway overhead electric line) railway sites in Poland. We aimed to measure the likelihood that bats use areas which pose a potential risk of collision with trains. During acoustic (ultrasound detectors) and visual (thermal imaging cameras)

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Pakuła, Marcin, and Joanna Furmankiewicz. "Bat behavior around double-track electrified railways." European Journal of Wildlife Research 68, no. 1 (2022): 5. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13437533.

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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Animals' mortality due to transportation infrastructure is a significant problem for some species. Scale of mortality in part depends on their behavior near railways and other transport routes. We studied the mortality and flight activity of bats in 7 double-track electrified (i.e., leading the catenary, a railway overhead electric line) railway sites in Poland. We aimed to measure the likelihood that bats use areas which pose a potential risk of collision with trains. During acoustic (ultrasound detectors) and visual (thermal imaging cameras)

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Pakuła, Marcin, and Joanna Furmankiewicz. "Bat behavior around double-track electrified railways." European Journal of Wildlife Research 68, no. 1 (2022): 5. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13437533.

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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Animals' mortality due to transportation infrastructure is a significant problem for some species. Scale of mortality in part depends on their behavior near railways and other transport routes. We studied the mortality and flight activity of bats in 7 double-track electrified (i.e., leading the catenary, a railway overhead electric line) railway sites in Poland. We aimed to measure the likelihood that bats use areas which pose a potential risk of collision with trains. During acoustic (ultrasound detectors) and visual (thermal imaging cameras)

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Pakuła, Marcin, and Joanna Furmankiewicz. "Bat behavior around double-track electrified railways." European Journal of Wildlife Research 68, no. 1 (2022): 5. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13437533.

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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Animals' mortality due to transportation infrastructure is a significant problem for some species. Scale of mortality in part depends on their behavior near railways and other transport routes. We studied the mortality and flight activity of bats in 7 double-track electrified (i.e., leading the catenary, a railway overhead electric line) railway sites in Poland. We aimed to measure the likelihood that bats use areas which pose a potential risk of collision with trains. During acoustic (ultrasound detectors) and visual (thermal imaging cameras)

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Pakuła, Marcin, and Joanna Furmankiewicz. "Bat behavior around double-track electrified railways." European Journal of Wildlife Research 68, no. 1 (2022): 5. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13437533.

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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Animals' mortality due to transportation infrastructure is a significant problem for some species. Scale of mortality in part depends on their behavior near railways and other transport routes. We studied the mortality and flight activity of bats in 7 double-track electrified (i.e., leading the catenary, a railway overhead electric line) railway sites in Poland. We aimed to measure the likelihood that bats use areas which pose a potential risk of collision with trains. During acoustic (ultrasound detectors) and visual (thermal imaging cameras)

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Laitenberger, Ulrich, Steffen Viete, Olga Slivko, Michael Kummer, Kathrin Borchert, and Matthias Hirth. "Unemployment and Online Labor: Evidence from Microtasking." MIS Quarterly 47, no. 2 (2023): 771–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.25300/misq/2022/17347.

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We analyze the relationship between unemployment and the supply of online labor for microtasking. Using detailed U.S. data from a large microtasking platform between 2011 and 2015, we study the participation and the number of hours supplied by workers in the U.S. We found that more individuals registered on the platform and completed microtasks as the unemployment level in the commuting zone increased. This effect was strongest in regions with a high share of low-skilled workers. Our analyses of the intensive margin, wage elasticity, and temporal work patterns suggest that the increased partic

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Chen, Xiangyu, Kaisa Zhang, Gang Chuai, et al. "Urban Area Characterization and Structure Analysis: A Combined Data-Driven Approach by Remote Sensing Information and Spatial–Temporal Wireless Data." Remote Sensing 15, no. 4 (2023): 1041. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15041041.

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Analysis of urban area function is crucial for urban development. Urban area function features can help to conduct better urban planning and transportation planning. With development of urbanization, urban area function becomes complex. In order to accurately extract function features, researchers have proposed multisource data mining methods that combine urban remote sensing and other data. Therefore, the research of efficient multisource data analysis tools has become a new hot topic. In this paper, a novel urban data analysis method combining spatiotemporal wireless network data and remote

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Mueller, William, Fiona S. Carson, Helena Copsey, and Miranda Loh. "Travel behaviour and Edinburgh’s Low Emission Zone: a cross-sectional survey." NIHR Open Research 5 (April 14, 2025): 33. https://doi.org/10.3310/nihropenres.13891.1.

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Background Low Emission Zones (LEZs) aim to improve air quality and encourage sustainable travel in urban areas by issuing fines to non-compliant vehicles. This study investigated initial impacts on travel behaviour and perceptions following the enforcement of Edinburgh's LEZ from June 2024. Methods We conducted an online cross-sectional survey focussing on commuting behaviour inside and outside the LEZ, as well as prior to and several months after enforcement. The survey targeted adults who worked or studied in Edinburgh or otherwise travelled to the LEZ area. We collected data on demographic

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Kaveh, Farshad, Hadi Shirouyehzad, Sarfaraz Hashemkhani Zolfani, and S. Mohammad Arabzad. "PROPOSING A MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF BALANCING THE INVENTORY OF MULTI-ZONE BICYCLE SHARING SYSTEMS WITH MOBILE STATIONS AND APPLYING MAINTENANCE CONSTRAINTS." Transport 37, no. 3 (2022): 145–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/transport.2022.16720.

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Regarding the necessity of developing transportation infrastructures and its increasing importance in urban issues, nowadays in different cities, bicycles are considered the main and sustainable vehicle along with walking and drawing more attention day by day. The case considers highly paramount since preservation of the environment, natural resources, and energy is one of the significant pillars of sustainable development, and urban transportation intensively influences it. Thus, Bicycle Sharing System (BSS) is recognized as an innovative urban transportation option that meets the citizens’ d

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Jeong, Hwan-Yeong, Kyung-Sook Jeon, Seon-a. Kim, and Hye-Yeon Yoon. "Analysis of Urban Hierarchy and Urban Zone of Life Using the Commuting Data in the Gwangju Metropolitan City and Jeollanam-do Prefecture." Journal of the Korean Urban Geographical Society 23, no. 1 (2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.21189/jkugs.23.1.1.

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Kwiatkowski, Michał Adam, and Grzegorz Pawlikowski. "Mobilność w centrum średniego miasta w perspektywie możliwości wprowadzenia strefy płatnego parkowania – studium przypadku Tczewa." Prace Komisji Geografii Komunikacji PTG 24, no. 3 (2021): 36–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/2543859xpkg.21.017.15044.

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Polityka parkingowa należy do ważniejszych wyzwań w rozwoju współczesnych miast w zakresie transportu. Jednym z narzędzi kształtowania tego zjawiska w miastach jest wprowadzanie stref płatnego parkowania, które mają zwiększać rotację pojazdów oraz zachęcać do korzystania z innych środków transportu w codziennych dojazdach. Jest to szczególnie ważne w kontekście centrów miast. Wdrażanie stref płatnego parkowania stanowi często stosowane rozwiązanie w dużych miastach, rzadziej w średnich i małych. Celem tego badania jest analiza sposobu docierania mieszkańców średniego miasta – Tczewa – do centr

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Gou, Yichao, Chengjin Wang, and Yi Dang. "Identifying the Development Potential for Urban Integration Based on Transport Accessibility—The Case for Northeast China." Sustainability 13, no. 21 (2021): 11882. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132111882.

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Urban integration, a new concept in urban and regional research, is an inevitable outcome of urban development. Based on accessibility analysis, this study uses urban and road network data to identify urban pairs in Northeast China which meet the distance threshold for urban integration and establishes an index system to evaluate the development potential. The research shows that in Northeast China, the results for urban integration are similar to those for the present urban structure in China, that is, a spatial pattern with provincial capital cities at the core and an urban belt as the axis.

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Rodríguez Romero, Eva J., Carlota Sáenz De Tejada Granados, and Rocío Santo-Tomás Muro. "Landscape Perception in Peri-Urban Areas: an Expert-Based Methodological Approach." Landscape Online 75 (October 4, 2019): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3097/lo.201975.

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While there is general consensus on the importance of landscape perception in urban studies, there is still a need to broaden the toolkit for researchers and practitioners to document, analyse and interpret these inputs, in line with the postulates of the European Landscape Convention and overcoming conventional formats based on descriptions and static photography. This becomes particularly pertinent in the peri-urban landscapes of large cities, bearers of the relations and contradictions between urban growth, resource consumption and landscape protection, and especially vulnerable to tabula r

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Affek, Andrzej, Anna Kowalska, Edyta Regulska, et al. "Mapowanie i ocena usług ekosystemów miejskich w skali ogólnopolskiej = Mapping and assessment of urban ecosystem services on a nationwide scale." Przegląd Geograficzny 95, no. 2 (2023): 163–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.7163/przg.2023.2.3.

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The concept of ecosystem services can contribute to improving the quality of life in cities, but it has to be operationalized before being implemented in spatial planning. The study aim is to present methodological solutions to assess and map urban ecosystem services on a nationwide scale, including methods for constructing and characterizing indicators. The selected examples cover all three CICES sections: provisioning, regulating and cultural, as well as the three most frequently assessed aspects of services: potential, use and unmet demand. Sample indicators were calculated for all 20 funct

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Avina-Bravo, Eli Gabriel, Felipe Augusto Sodre Ferreira de Sousa, Christophe Escriba, et al. "Design and Validity of a Smart Healthcare and Control System for Electric Bikes." Sensors 23, no. 8 (2023): 4079. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23084079.

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This paper presents the development of an electronic system that converts an electrically assisted bicycle into an intelligent health monitoring system, allowing people who are not athletic or who have a history of health issues to progressively start the physical activity by following a medical protocol (e.g., max heart rate and power output, training time). The developed system aims to monitor the health state of the rider, analyze data in real-time, and provide electric assistance, thus diminishing muscular exertion. Furthermore, such a system can recover the same physiological data used in

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Chen, Shuting, Mengyao Hong, and Wei Wei. "A Study of the Influencing Mechanism of Travel Mode Choice for Primary School Students: A Case Study in Wuhan." Buildings 15, no. 5 (2025): 700. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15050700.

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The motorization of school commutes reduces the physical activity of children and causes a series of urban traffic and social problems, such as traffic congestion in school districts and parents becoming necessary for transportation. To alleviate traffic jams and related social problems, as well as to encourage physical activity amongst students, we advocate non-motorized travel modes for students, such as walking and cycling. Based on a case study of the Wuhan East Lake High-Tech Development Zone, we use a multiple linear regression model to analyze the relationship between influence factors

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Setzler, Bradley, and Felix Tintelnot. "The Effects of Foreign Multinationals on Workers and Firms in the United States." Quarterly Journal of Economics 136, no. 3 (2021): 1943–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/qje/qjab015.

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Abstract Governments go to great lengths to attract foreign multinationals because they are thought to raise the wages paid to their employees (direct effects) and to improve outcomes at local domestic firms (indirect effects). We construct the first U.S. employer-employee data set with foreign ownership information from tax records to measure these direct and indirect effects. We find the average direct effect of a foreign multinational firm on its U.S. workers is a 7% increase in wages. This premium is larger for higher-skilled workers and for the employees of firms from high GDP per capita

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Yu, Zhuoran, Yimeng Duan, Shen Zhang, Xin Liu, and Kui Li. "A Spatiotemporal Prediction Model for Regional Scheduling of Shared Bicycles Based on the INLA Method." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2021 (July 31, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/4959504.

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Dock-less bicycle-sharing programs have been widely accepted as an efficient mode to benefit health and reduce congestions. And modeling and prediction has always been a core proposition in the field of transportation. Most of the existing demand prediction models for shared bikes take regions as research objects; therefore, a POI-based method can be a beneficial complement to existing research, including zone-level, OD-level, and station-level techniques. Point of interest (POI) is the location description of spatial entities, which can reflect the cycling route characteristics for both commu

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Morphett, Annette, Lisa O’Keeffe, and Kathryn Paige. "Blueprint for Rural Mathematics." Australian and International Journal of Rural Education 34, no. 1 (2024): 76–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.47381/aijre.v34i1.639.

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This paper reports on the development and use of a Blueprint for Rural Mathematics (herein referred to as the Blueprint) in a study of middle-primary mathematics teaching. The study presented a counter-narrative to the deficit discourse around rural education outcomes through an emic perspective of middle-primary mathematics on Yorke Peninsula, a rural district in southern Australia. This study defined ‘rural’ as being both a sociological and a geographical phenomenon. It takes a sociological stance acknowledging the situatedness of the rural, and the social and cultural uniqueness of the peop

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Leonard, Bryan, and Steven M. Smith. "Individualistic culture increases economic mobility in the United States." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 37 (2021): e2107273118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2107273118.

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Where an individual grows up has large implications for their long-term economic outcomes, including earnings and intergenerational mobility. Even within the United States, the “causal effect of place” varies greatly and cannot be fully explained by socioeconomic conditions. Across different nations, variation in growth and mobility have been linked to more individualistic cultures. We assess how variation of historically driven individualism within the United States affects mobility. Areas in the United States that were isolated on the frontier for longer periods of time during the 19th centu

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LEE, Hwanjin, and Chorong YOU. "A Study on the Analysis of Influencing Factors on Child Walking Traffic Accidents and Improvement Plans: Focusing on the Commuting Area Outside the Child Protection Zone of Busan Metropolitan City." Journal of Korean Society of Transportation 41, no. 4 (2023): 440–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.7470/jkst.2023.41.4.440.

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Firzan, Firzan, Irfan Irfan, Samsunan Samsunan, Rahmat Djamaluddin, and Deni Ilham Yani. "Daily Activity of Teuku Umar University Students Going to Campus." International Journal of Engineering, Science and Information Technology 3, no. 2 (2023): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.52088/ijesty.v3i2.438.

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Teuku Umar University (UTU) is a public university located in West Aceh Regency. The number of active students at UTU was recorded as 6,636 in the academic year 2021-2022. Currently, the UTU campus lacks public transportation serving its vicinity. This study aims to identify the daily activities of UTU students in commuting to the campus and to determine the extent of students' response to the implementation of public transportation services within a ±5 KM buffer zone from the UTU campus. This research utilizes two types of data analysis methods, namely qualitative descriptive and quantitative

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