Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Comores'
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Barwane, Ibrahim. "Les rapports entre politiques, notables et religieux en Grande Comore." Paris 8, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA084076.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to analyse a traditionally oral society called Grande Comore, in Eastern Africa. This study entails the relationships between politicians, notables and the religious. This main objective of this study is to show the nature of their relationships, the way each social category works and its functioning. To understand better this issue, this work illustrates the moments when politicians, notables and the religious get along well, misunderstand each other and conflict. These three moments, also characterize their traditional political and religious view of power. Each category has a very hierarchal structure and fights for a strong influence in order to gain control over its population. Because of this philosophy, these categories are consistently in conflict. Therefore, they structure Grande Comore’s society around their ambitions, desires and tempers. Consequently, politicians, notables and the religious, represent in Grande Comore the political, customary and religious authority. As a result, any and all kinds of rule are determined by their increasing on the population
Mohamed, Ibrahim. "L’eau en Grande Comore : étude de cas d’un petit espace insulaire abondamment arrosé mais en situation de pénurie d’eau." Thesis, La Réunion, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LARE0019.
Full textThe question of access to safe drinking water has remained a big concern for the people who live in Grande Comoro and even nowadays they still cope with the problem of safe drinking water. Yet Grande Comoro presents the originality of plentiful water resources; howeever, that is not enough to avoid the water shortage that harms the population. In this volcanic island of 1025 km2, the water resources come largely from the meteorite water related to the raining, which is collected in water tanks through the roof of houses. In addition to that, the water resources also come from underground water resulting from the seepage of rainfall facilitated by the porosity of the rocks. There is no permanent stream but a sheet that surrounds the costal area. The raining water which goes underground joins a basic sheet forming a big reservoir estimated at one billion square meters. until 1975, those huge underground water reservoirs were not exploited at all. For the time being, the sheet is suppling (apart from Moroni and its suburbs) some 20 localities in the island. Overall the island, only 30 % of the population is more or less correctly supplied. Our thesis research is firstly proposing to evaluate the state of the resource, and put it in perspective with the demographic growth. Then, identifying the problems relating to the access of water in order to study the part of responsability, shared between technical, financial and political issues. This thesis is proposing solutions to resolve in a logic of sustainable development the paradox of an island "plentifully watered but in a constant situation of water shortage."
Guébourg, Jean-Louis. "Territoires, milieux et pouvoirs à Ngazidja (Grande Comore)." Paris 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA010665.
Full textNgazidja is located in the northern entrance of the mozambic channel (eleven degrees latitude south and forty five degrees longitude east). It's equidistant from madagascar and african coasts 300 kilometers. It's a valcanic island. It's one thousand and twenty-give km2 long. This island is the widest of the comoro archipelago that has included four islands since nineteen twelve. One of them, mayotte, has been separating from the young islamic republic since nineteen seventy-five, to stay french as a territorial organization. Ngazidja is a volcanis island, overlooked by a strong strombolian valcano with an impressive crater that still nowodays causes a collective fear both from visitors and from the autochthonal population. Founded on a double bantoue civilization (6-13 cen tury) at first with breeding and a matriarcal system, the with trade, the island found how to synthesize the two civilizing movements owing to the "ndola kuu", the great marriage, a custom that allows a hierarchy in the society. At the end of the nineteen century the colonization brought an administrative system badly adapted for musulman people and a system of speculative cultivation that still exists nowodays, we can find vanilla in the "djiva". The independance generated a revolutionary movement, an innovative one but that failed. This gaiture will keep off for a long time the possible reforms, making the comingback into power of political and exportatormen
Cassam, Sulliman Shânaz. "La Grande Comore, ethnographie d'une société traditionnelle en crise : pour une anthropologie des mutations culturelles." La Réunion, 2004. http://elgebar.univ-reunion.fr/login?url=http://thesesenligne.univ.run/04_04_Cassam_Sulliman.pdf.
Full textThe objective of the present study is to apprehend the social and political transformation of Ngazidja, showing that this society does not content itself in a passive resistance to change by sticking to a status quo, but faces the challenges of modernisation and globalisation by asserting itself and by inventing different patterns of living. The three major parts of this research deal respectively with the traditional structure of the society, pre-modern power and its mutations and finally changes induced by colonisation and post-independence politics. The study shows the difficulty to establish a modern stable State, difficulty which is closely linked to creative resistance from traditional society which displays a remarkable plasticity to survive while making allowances for change
Said, Ahmed Said Ali. "L'archipel des Comores : milieu insulaire et géopolitique." Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BOR30052/document.
Full textMany scientific studies have dealt with the fascinating subject of insularity. This thesis deals with Comorian insularity in terms of political geography, taking into account the empirical and theoretical contributions of other fields. From the pre-colonial era of colonization to independence until today, the Comorian nation, despite its single cultural identity, has always encountered political power rivalries. To try to understand the reasons behind the Comorian conflict and the territorial stability of the nation, this work studies the complexity, the geographical identity and the history of the Comoros islands. Centered on the endogenous and exogenous causes of this political dismemberment, our study also aims to reveal the geopolitical realities of the Comoros archipelago. Are the Comoros moderately to highly prone to political instability and fragmentation? How to maintain the country's political cohesion while recognizing each composite entity's genuine autonomy? The archipelago has never stopped oscillating between unity and political division. Which type of political system would be suitable for the geographical context of the Comoros, to contain the centrifugal forces? These are the essential questions of our research work
Toihire, Ibrahima. "Le plurilinguisme aux Comores et sa problématique." Paris 8, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA083343.
Full textThe subject that we treated here is focused on ' multilingualism in the Comoros and its problem '. It opens on the issue of multilingualism in society in general, but also at school, rather than language learning. The Comoros is a country where it alternates several languages that have different status from their usefulness and their level of use in society and in school. Currently the languages used in the majority of Comorian society are found to be the Comorian with its different dialects which is the national language of the Comorian people, the French who came to the Comoros from colonization and Arabic from Islam. All of these languages have official status in view of the constitutional texts of the country. That's why we talk about multilingualism in the Comorian society but also at school. It focused the work of an introduction where was exposed the problem of the language situation and plurilingual by allocating different languages with different levels of application. These languages vary between official, second and foreign language who have put their fingerprints on the Comorian language, influenced by them in several areas. Comorian languages are characterized by different dialects and were exposed to the elements of differentiation. To facilitate learning and teaching of Arabic and French, we proceed to a comparative approach between them and the Comoros by illustrating the differences and similarities of each Jurisdiction. Their teaching is old but encountered by their major obstacles in the society
Younoussa, Imani. "Envois de fonds et pauvreté : le cas des Comores." Thesis, Bordeaux 4, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR40028/document.
Full textThe target of this study is to measure the impact of the remittances on the poverty. The remittances to Comoros were evaluated to 113 Usd million in 2010, thus representing 24 percent of the GDP. The remittances are by far, the first external resource of the Comoros, in front of public Aid, which represents only approximately 10 percent of the GDP. The Comorian migrants, who send funds, are composed by a great majority of the employees with weak qualification (66 percent). Reciprocally, about half of the recipients, are resulting from the poor classes. The “Grand marriage” is the principal reason for remittances. Two methods of analysis were developed in this study: one descriptive and the other one, econometric. The econometric approach regards the remittances as an endogenous data, resulting from a “implicit contract” between the migrants and the recipients. The conclusion of the study is as follows: the remittances contribute to the reduction of the indices of poverty in Comoros. The effect on the inequalities is mitigated. The incidence of poverty (P0) drops by -3,5 percent, under the effect of the remittances. The depth (P1) and severity (P2) drop respectively by -7,4 percent, and -5,8 percent with the remittances. The remittances have more impact on poverty of the following categories of the households: those alive in rural areas, those alive in Grand Comore, those directed by the women, the unemployeds and the inactives. The categories of the households which are received the most remittances in terms of expenditure per capita, records the most impact on poverty reduction
Said, Ahmed Moussa. "Contribution à l'étude de la littérature orale des Comores (Ngazidja)." Paris, INALCO, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992INAL0016.
Full textAli, Ahamada. "Le droit maritime comorien : étude de droit comparé : droit français / droit comorien." Thesis, Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01D020/document.
Full textIn the Comoros, the maritime law is a discipline which, for a long time, remained in the blur. The internal texts whiwh were supposed to govern the maritime law to the Comoros were almost inknown and not easily findable. These texts inherited France, would deserve to be amended or replaced by new provisions taking account of realities and the international standards. To date, the country adhered to none international conventions in force governing the international maritime law. It is in cruel lack specialists in maritime law, whereas the disagreements in this field do not cease increasing. Several not-right and remote regions plane on the relative questions with the maritime law. While referring to us with the French right with the Comotian Right maintains still and always close relations, this thesis aims main aim to revisit the Comorian maritime law in order to detect the gaps and the originalities of them, with a view to be able to propose an overallreform of the Comorian maritime law
Mohamed, Chanfi Mbae. "Géographie des transports aux Comores." Paris 8, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA082086.
Full textGuébourg, Jean-Louis. "Espace et pouvoirs en grande Comore /." Paris : Ed. L'Harmattan, 1995. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb406233474.
Full textEberschweiler, Christian. "Étude hydrologique, hydrochimie et géochimie isotopique d'une ile volcanique sous climat tropical humide : Mayotte." Paris 11, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA112351.
Full textThe object of this study was to define the physical and chemical parameters of the water cycle, of a densly vegetated tropical island, where weathered facies predominate: such as Mayotte. Firstly, the hydrological balance is very positive in wet season, negative in dry season. The rivers are of little importance, but their floods are of short duration and very marked. The aquifers possess mediocre hydrodynamics characteristics. The chemical and isotopic analysis suggests the following main feature of the mineralization of the water: meteoric and marine source, variations due to different rock types and in Mayotte, due to the effect of volcanism. Three principal variables determine the water concentration: dilution by rainwater, evaporation and marine contamination. In conclusion, one may state, however that this type of island, which is extremely prone to erosion, could only conserve good water reserves if its hydrologic potential is sustained and the conditions affecting water infiltration are well preserved
Issa, Mze Hassani. "Études écologiques des mouches des fruits (diptera tephritidae) nuisibles aux cultures fruitières aux Comores." Thesis, La Réunion, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LARE0001/document.
Full textNumerous invasions by fruit flies of the Tephritidae family are observed worldwide. This is particularly the case in Comoros, because of its geographical position and its imports of fresh products from neighboring countries. In order to determine the strategies necessary to reduce the populations of several species of this family, it is essential to have a current status on the ecology and distribution of the species present in the archipelago. The objectives of this thesis were to: (i) inventory the Tephritidae species present in Comoros and analyze the seasonal fluctuations of populations in relation to climatic factors and phenology of the main host plants, (ii) determine the host plants range of the main species and (iii) inventory the Tephritidae indigenous parasitoids and follow the acclimatization of theparasitoid Fopius arisanus introduced since 2013. In order to achieve these objectives, a weekly monitoring of a trapping network as well as plants phenology present in Grande-Comore, Mohéli and Anjouan islands was carried out during a period of two years. Similarly,cultivated and wild fruits were sampled in different regions of the ecoclimatic diversity of Grande-Comore island during a period of three years. Five fruit fly species were found throughout the archipelago from the trapping network: Bactrocera dorsalis, Ceratitis capitata, Dacus bivittatus, Dacus punctatifrons and Dacus ciliatus. High dominance of the invasive species B. dorsalis was observed at all seasons and at all sites. The density of Tephritidae species was greater during the hot and wet season than during the cool and dry season. In addition, the results showed a high abundance of B. dorsalis in humid regions of low altitudes while C. capitata, persists in dry regions of higher elevation. The results suggest a niche separation phenomenon between these two species related to climate. Among 42 fruit species sampled from 22 plant families, 22 fruits belonging to 11 families were infested with Tephritidae. Six fruit fly species have emerged with a large dominance (91%) of B. dorsalis. The latter species occupies a wide range of host plants (16 species), using fruits previously infested with C. capitata. Four parasitoids species of Braconidae subfamily Opiinae have emerged in fruits including introduced species F. arisanus. However, very few individuals have been found at this timeand it will be necessary to follow acclimatization of the parasitoid in terms of parasitism rates, distribution and host fruit and Tephritidae species range
Abdérémane, Said Mohamed. "Universalité et spécificité des contes comoriens." Paris, EHESS, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EHES0633.
Full textBy defining the first opening formula as a "lie" that the audience cannot "contest" and as an oral story of the past, this study framework does not prevent the comorian tale from exhibiting its universality. The latter becomes even more evident when one is interested in the themes around which the tales are built upon. Nevertheless, this universlity does not preclude a much needed specificity. Byanalyzing the few of the typical tales that are mostly visited in the comorian tradition, this thesis aims at showing that, in the most universal tale, whether consciously or not, each community prints its own emotional scars, its own social and judicial rules, and even some of its own philosophical choices
Desgrolard, Franck. "Pétrologie des laves d'un volcan intraplaque océanique : le Karthala, île de la Grande-Comore (R.F.I. des Comores)." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1996. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00756691.
Full textRobichon, Jean. "Anesthésie-réanimation aux Comores (océan indien) : expérience personnelle." Caen, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991CAEN3029.
Full textSidi, Ainouddine. "Dépossession et conscience foncière aux Comores : le cas de Ndzuani." Paris, INALCO, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1992INAL0001.
Full textArtadji, Attoumane. "Recul et persistance du paludisme en Union des Comores : une approche géographique pour déterminer l’importance des facteurs environnementaux et sociaux dans son maintien." Thesis, La Réunion, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LARE0003/document.
Full textMalaria has been present in the Comoros archipelago since 1925, when a major epidemic was first recorded in Grande Comore. The islands have been favourable to the development of vectors causing malaria transmission (Anopheles gambiae and Anopheles funestus) due to the high tropical rainfall, high hydrographic density, the suitable environment with forests and wetlands, as well as the construction of water reservoirs in households. This disease has been endemic since the 1970s and a major public health problem until the 2000s. From the end of the 1990s, the Comorian government has decided to implement a strategy to control malaria by anti-malaria vector control and population protection against mosquito bites. In the last twenty years, malaria control efforts have been intensified and for a first time, mass treatment with Artequick has been carried out in Mohéli (2007-2009), Anjouan (2012-2013) and Grande Comore (2013). There has since been a dramatic decline in malaria on all the islands, as Mohéli and Anjouan have entered a pre-elimination phase and Grande Comore is in the control phase. In the first part, this thesis describes the spatial and temporal dynamics of malaria before and after mass treatment in order to understand the impact of different control actions. A mapping of hospital prevalence and incidence of malaria at the district and village levels shows its decline in Anjouan and Mohéli and its persistence in Grande Comore. Spatial autocorrelation tests have revealed a similarity in malaria transmission between neighbouring localities that are forming clusters in Grande Comore. In the second part, it was demonstrated that environmental factors have an influence on malaria transmission, despite the greater importance of control actions. At the district level, simple and multiple linear regression models have been established between the incidence of malaria and land cover / land use patterns of islands and landscape indicators at the village level in Grande Comore. A survey on people's knowledge, practices and vulnerabilities was conducted among 1,288 households in the Union of the Comoros to assess factors of vulnerability that contribute to malaria transmission. Beyond having water reservoirs in households, the waste disposal location would also have an impact on malaria in Grande Comore. The survey revealed that several households on the large island did not take the 2013 mass treatment. This thesis provides a better understanding of the human and environmental aspects of malaria maintenance and thus aims to better target future control actions
Desgrolard, Franck. "Pétrologie des laves d'un volcan intraplaque océanique : le Karthala, île de la Grande-Comore (R.F.I. des Comores)." Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996GRE10109.
Full textSaïd, Hassane El Anrif. "La politique de coopération de la France aux Comores, 1978-1997." Paris 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA010275.
Full textAhmed, Ben Ali. "Le régime juridique du don nuptial à la lumière du droit des obligations et des contrats aux Comores." Perpignan, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PERP0882.
Full textCharif, Maoulana. "L'efficacité de l'aide publique au développement aux Comores : les institutions coutumières, obstacle ou levier ?" Thesis, Lille 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL12002/document.
Full textIn 1991 Comorian authorities were forced to implement Stabilization and Structural Adjustment Programs (SAPs) in order to redress the macroeconomic aggregates of the country. These programs, like the ones that were launched in 2002 as part of the Poverty Reduction Strategies (PRS), did not end up producing the expected results. Similarly, the new conditionalities adopted in order to enhance the efficiency of aid policies did not help the country make significant progress in achieving the Millennium Development Goals. Based on this failure, our thesis aims to demonstrate that there is a link between the central role of customary Comorian institutions and the inefficiency of public development aid. Relying on the extensive literature about aid, on evaluation reports, on qualitative interviews and on the use of empirical data, we emphasize different customary obstacles to the efficiency of aid policies. More specifically, we demonstrate that customary institutions still are the main reason of the inefficiency of aid to the Comoros. Still, they keep being neglected in the strategies of implementation of aid policies designed by donors including the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund
Ibrahime, Mahmoud. "Parcours d'un notable comorien en politique : Saïd Mohamed Cheick (1904-1970)." Paris 7, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA070086.
Full textM'Sa, Youssouf. "Les conséquences juridiques et politiques d'une décolonisation inachevée : l'exemple comorien." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002CLF10254.
Full textAfter three successive generations of constitutional foundations, the overseas territories of France gained access to independence. The first step was adopting or rejecting the Constitution of the 4th October 1958, whereas, the second and the third ones were founded under articles 11 and 53 of the Constitution, respectively. A close look at the French practises of self-sovereignty (I) reveals that the decolonisation of the Comorien Isles is not yet finished. The present political situation of the archipelago (II) originates from the conditions of its access to independence, which paves the way for prospective statues
Farouk, Ahmed Ahmed Ibrahim. "Trajectoires migratoires : les Comoriens entre leurs îles et Marseille." Montpellier 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON10002.
Full textSaïd, Mahamoudou. "Dynamique séculaire de sécurisation foncière par une approche spontanée de "gestion patrimoniale" aux Comores : étude du phénomène, propositions d'appui et enseignements méthodologiques." Paris 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA010603.
Full textMogni, Avouka. "Langage et pensée arabo-musulmans aux Comores (des origines à nos jours)." Bordeaux 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR30055.
Full textFrom the viith century until nowadays, the moslem thought has been speading over different regions of ow planet and has become to day a world, a way of living. So, it's often asserted that islam contrains it elf the perfect behaviour that every muslim must faithfully follow from the moment he gets up the moment he goes to bed. Towards the ix-xth centuries islam is supposed to have reached the comoro islands where most natives were animists or naturists. Then, how could the comorian people purely and solely get rid of his cultural heritage to leave islam a clear field, islam which is supposed to change both their civilisation and their culture in as much as the latter can be said to be man's alter argo. Or on the contrary, in spite of the uniaty of the coran and of the prophetic tradition, both sowces undoubtedly and unfailingly, to his intellectual and artistic manifestations by creating a local islam?
Saïd-Soilihi, Youssouf. "Une analyse critique du leg [sic] agraire colonial et de l'expérience d'Ali Soilih aux Comores." Montpellier 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986MON10004.
Full textBoulianne, Nicole. "Étude de la mortalité infantile en Grande Comore." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/33499.
Full textAboudou, Ahamada. "La formation des enseignants aux Comores : acquis, faiblesses et perspectives." Rouen, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ROUEL017.
Full textIn spite of many devices of formation and reforms intended for the improvement of the quality of teaching in the Comoros, the trade of teaching and consequently the training of the teachers suffer from a lack of consideration. What is at the origin of discredit at the place of the activities of teaching and the formation to the trades of education? We seek to show that: the culture influences the individual behaviors (compared to oneself) and interindividual (compared to the others) with regard to the trade of teaching; There is a relation between the sociocultural, institutional environment and the insufficiency or the deficiencies observed on the level of the professionalisation of the teachers Since the teachers occupy a dominating place in the education of young people, we think that the training of the teachers is one of the best solutions to fight against the school failure
Sibelet, Nicole. "L'innovation en milieu paysan ou la capacité des acteurs locaux à innover en présence d'intervenants extérieurs : nouvelles pratiques de fertilisation et mise en bocage dans le Niumakélé, Anjouan, Comores." Paris, Institut national d'agronomie de Paris Grignon, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995INAPA001.
Full textMsaidie, Saïd. "Appproche génétique du peuplement de l'archipel des Comores." Aix-Marseille 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AIX20664.
Full textBillon, Nathalie. "Les installations et les aspects sanitaires aux Comores." Montpellier 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990MON11255.
Full textSakoyan, Juliette. "Un souci « en partage » : migrations de soins et espace politique entre l’archipel des Comores et la France." Paris, EHESS, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010EHES0577.
Full textPatient's migrations taking place in a "political-health space" comprising the Union of Comoris, Mayot, Reunion, and metropolitan France are the topic of this PhD thesis. By analyzing the trajectories of ill children and their families, I examine the way cultural, economical, political, administrative, and health spaces are connected together. From a general perspective, this connection generates za new care space, which has to be taken into account in order to understand the contemporary health spaces. From a more particular point of view, these dimensions give shape to biographies where the privacy of family relations are mixed together with larger social determinations
Gérard, Yann. "Transformations urbaines et dynamiques résidentielles dans l'archipel des Comores." Phd thesis, Université de La Rochelle, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00135676.
Full textDans ce cadre, les dynamiques résidentielles évoluent et leur étude permet de comprendre la nature des transformations urbaines. Ainsi, les logiques d'installation coutumières qui visaient à regrouper spatialement les proches parents sont disqualifiées, remettant en cause la cohérence des quartiers déjà constitués. Les principes d'installation résidentielle favorisent à présent une organisation en réseaux de résidences dispersées. Les systèmes résidentiels ainsi élaborés permettent le maintien des relations entre les différents éléments les constituant.
Par ailleurs, l'obtention d'une parcelle constructible en ville est devenue une source de tension importante. En la matière, la pression foncière et la monétarisation des terres s'imposent comme de nouveaux éléments de régulation qui jouent un rôle croissant, même s'ils sont souvent intégrés et/ou mélangés avec des principes coutumiers. Même les terrains situés dans les quartiers anciens, qui jouent fréquemment un rôle de pilier des systèmes résidentiels et sont donc restés longtemps préservés, sont parfois cédés à des personnes sans liens de parenté avec le vendeur. Ce changement des règles d'acquisition des terres témoigne d'une crise institutionnelle générale. Malgré la multiplication des acteurs en charge de la gestion des villes, la fragmentation domine, aucune institution ne disposant d'une légitimité suffisante pour assurer une gestion cohérente et globale d'agglomérations urbaines en pleine expansion.
N'Guetta, Alicia, and Alicia N'Guetta. "L'empowerment des femmes dans la filière d'huile essentielle ylang-ylang en Union des Comores." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/37079.
Full textCette recherche s’intéresse au rôle des femmes dans la filière d’huile essentielle d’ylang-ylang en Union des Comores. Elle tente de déterminer les causes et les enjeux de leur cantonnement aux tâches de cueillettes ainsi que les pistes de solution afin qu’elles puissent pleinement participer à toutes les étapes de la chaîne de valeur de ce produit. Le cadre théorique se base sur le concept polysémique et multidimensionnel d’empowerment. La recherche s’aligne sur la conception féministe de l’empowerment qui a pour racines différents types de pouvoir (pouvoir « de », « avec », « intérieur ») et différentes dimensions (économique, sociale, psychologique, familial et interpersonnelle) interagissant entre eux (Malhotra et al., 2002; Charlier, 2006). La méthodologie de recherche s’inscrit dans la perspective de la théorie de la connaissance située qui cherche à mettre en avant la parole des participants et des participantes à la recherche, afin qu’il y ait un partage de connaissance avec le chercheur ou la chercheure. La collecte de données s’est étalée sur 4 mois au travers des groupes de discussion d’hommes et de femmes et d’entretiens individuels accompagnés de collecte de données secondaires auprès des personnes et entités pertinentes à l’étude. Les résultats ont soulevé l’importance de tenir compte du contexte historique, social et culturel afin de mieux identifier les causes de la situation des femmes et les déterminants pour qu’elles puissent avoir accès à toutes les étapes de la chaine de valeur. Ils ont aussi souligné les dynamiques et l’interconnexion entre les différents types de pouvoir et dimensions de l’empowerment. L’empowerment économique s’est révélé être la dimension la plus influente dans notre contexte. Partir du discours des femmes nous a permis de soulever des éléments de l’empowerment non perceptibles de prime abord dont il faut tenir compte pour améliorer la situation des femmes dans la filière.
This research focuses on the role of women in the ylang-ylang essential oil chain in the Union of the Comoros. It tries to determine the causes and the challenges of their confinement to harvesting tasks as well as possible solutions so that they can fully participate in all stages of the value chain of this product. The theoretical framework is based on the polysemic and multidimensional concept of empowerment. The research aligns with the feminist conception of empowerment rooted in different types of power ("with", "within", and "inner" power) and different dimensions (economic, social, psychological, familial and interpersonal) interacting with each other (Malhotra et al., 2002, Charlier, 2006). The research methodology is part of the standing point theory that seeks to highlight the words of the participants in the research, so that there is a sharing of knowledge with the researcher. Based on this theory, data collection was spread over 4 months through focus groups of men and women and individual interviews accompanied by secondary data collection such as documents from persons and entities relevant to the study. The results highlighted the importance of taking into account the historical, social and cultural context in order to better identify the causes of the situation of women and the determinants so that they can have access to all stages of the value chain. They also highlighted the dynamics and interconnections between the different types of powers and dimensions of empowerment. Economic empowerment has proved to be the most influential dimension in our context. Starting from the women's discourse allowed us to raise elements of empowerment that were not immediately perceptible and that must be taken into account to improve the situation of women in the sector.
This research focuses on the role of women in the ylang-ylang essential oil chain in the Union of the Comoros. It tries to determine the causes and the challenges of their confinement to harvesting tasks as well as possible solutions so that they can fully participate in all stages of the value chain of this product. The theoretical framework is based on the polysemic and multidimensional concept of empowerment. The research aligns with the feminist conception of empowerment rooted in different types of power ("with", "within", and "inner" power) and different dimensions (economic, social, psychological, familial and interpersonal) interacting with each other (Malhotra et al., 2002, Charlier, 2006). The research methodology is part of the standing point theory that seeks to highlight the words of the participants in the research, so that there is a sharing of knowledge with the researcher. Based on this theory, data collection was spread over 4 months through focus groups of men and women and individual interviews accompanied by secondary data collection such as documents from persons and entities relevant to the study. The results highlighted the importance of taking into account the historical, social and cultural context in order to better identify the causes of the situation of women and the determinants so that they can have access to all stages of the value chain. They also highlighted the dynamics and interconnections between the different types of powers and dimensions of empowerment. Economic empowerment has proved to be the most influential dimension in our context. Starting from the women's discourse allowed us to raise elements of empowerment that were not immediately perceptible and that must be taken into account to improve the situation of women in the sector.
Blanchy, Sophie. "La vie quotidienne à Mayotte (Comores) : essai d'anthropologie compréhensive." Phd thesis, Université de la Réunion, 1988. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00490214.
Full textAli, Tabibou Ibouroi. "Des esclaves makua et de leurs descendants aux Comores." Thesis, La Réunion, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LARE0008.
Full textThe Comoro Archepelago is composed of four Islands: Great Comoro, Anjouan, Moheli and Mayotte, whose first population, goes back to the first century BC, has known slavery before the slave trade and the beginning of French Colonization. The main functions of slavery in this little country at the end of world are mainly agricultural and domestic work. But contrary to the others countries, written documents are scarce and an absolute silence of the inhabitants prevail in front of this phenomenon. Slavery was going to have a steady growth with this phenomenon of the slave trade and colonial history. A lot of Mozambicans are brought to the islands: some to respond to the need of labor in the agricultural colonial economy based on the culture of commercial products; others to be sent to other countries, and more particularly to la Reunion Island. The Africans originated from Mozambique are known in the Comoros under the name of wamakua (from makua). After a quick glance of the general history of slavery in the Comoros, the thesis focuses specially on the makua slave trade in a specific period of a century: from 1870 to 1970. The analysis deals successively on the different aspects linked to the route, the perceptions, the occupation of space, integration and the makua contribution. The official abolition of slavery was differently appreciated with regard to the present image of the country the remains of which of this painful history are always visible until the birth of what is commonly known as Modern slavery
Djoumoi, Ali Madi. "Les étudiants et le nationalisme : le cas des Comores." Paris 10, 2010. http://faraway.parisnanterre.fr/login?url=http://www.harmatheque.com/ebook/9782343052472.
Full textThe progress of teaching is accompanied by the arrival of generation of protesters. The event of contestation, on march the 14th 1968, represents a very important decisive moment. The independance finds it supporters and the socio-political situation is deterirating. The independance is anticipated and self-proclamed on july the 6th 1975. In the dynamic of independance the ASEC movement radicalizes, defends a full and immediate independance and participates in forminf FPU movement. It leads its anticolonialism in a historical logic; gets all struggles of comorian people against french occupation. It defends national unity and territorial integrity, resists at putshist powers for connivance with French imperialism. It comes like the heiress of collective national memory and mobilizes oneself for the promotion of a new national culture so to heighten the revolutionary patriotism. It lauds the national democratic and popular revolution, militates for strong unitary state capable to defend the national unity, and denounces any form of superiority in the worls and supports the political action of national independance. The patriotic movement revolutionary personifies the voice of people, relieves his suffering, denounces all forms of corruptions and pleads for a state of law. The revolutionary patriotic loses his vigour since the end years 1980. The feudalism triumphs, the putshism stays impunished and the rise of regionalism is accentuated. The revolutionary patriotic dynamic has nevertheless enabled the emergance of a new generation wich embodies the contemporary nationalism, the conquest of trade union and democratic liberties and an innovation of the politic practice
Barselo, Philippe. "Analyse écologique de l'île de Mayotte (archipel des Comores)." Bordeaux 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BOR30007.
Full textEver since the end of the 1970's, owing to an intensive economic development induced by a dramatic population increase, the balance of mayotte ecosystem has been threatened (road constructions, electrification, growing urbanization. . . ). Following a presentation of the physical features, then of the human environment, the study presents an assessment which reveals that today the physical field is severely disturbed by the human activities and that the balance of the marine field is being upset. Finally, the work will list the actions currently undertaken to protect the mahori environment and it will suggest a further development schema concerning the overall protection of the island
Saïd, Mahamoudou Le Roy Étienne. "Foncier et société aux Comores : le temps des refondations /." Paris : Karthala, 2009. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb41452201q.
Full textGérard, Yann Pouyllau Michel. "Transformations urbaines et dynamiques résidentielles dans l'archipel des Comores." [S. l.] : [s. n.], 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr.
Full textMsahazi, Ali Youssouf. "Comores, l'enseignement des sciences physiques dans le secondaire : de l'analyse du curriculum à son appropriation par les enseignants." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM3135.
Full textThe thesis presented here develops two lines of research on the teaching of physics in schools and colleges of the Union of the Comoros: First, an analysis of the curriculum prescribed in the official programs of the Comoros since 1994 to the present day, in order to identify and characterize the choices made bay the designers, lift the constraints and potential problems; Then the study of how teachers have taken over the curriculum. Questionnaires reveal what they say about their choice to implement in their classrooms and their teaching, epistemological and pedagogical and pedagogical options. To take into account the various dimensions, several theoretical frameworks mobilized sociology and educational curriculum, and the didactics and teaching practices. The analysis shows that the prescribed curriculum undergoes sometimes contradictory influences : first the French curriculum (in its older versions) mainly anchored on knowledge of academic knowledge to be acquired, then the recommendations of major international organizations focusing primarily on skills to master. Although the trend in France is now promoting more constructivist approaches (inquiry process), a continuing tension between these two poles that we find among teachers. In general objectives official is displayed the desire to promote a general rather than specialized teaching science education, but it is not visible in the contents of the program: they are indeed defined in terms of knowledge, skills and methods, but little tools are available for teachers to implement. Only very general advice is given as to promote the construction of knowledge by students or use the investigative approaches
Fouad, Ali Abdallah. "L'immigration comorienne à La Réunion de 1900 à nos jours." Thesis, La Réunion, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LARE0029/document.
Full textMigration is not just a current issue in the human history: it has ineluctably been a worldwide phenomenon, as dominant in the past, and with more acuity nowdays. The ancient populations were users of nomadism : enormous movements between places, either to look for refugee, food due to climate change or seasons for instance.Nowdays, migrations present yet multiple specificities but certainly, they are linked withfundamental characteristics of migratory ancients populations. Comorian immigration within La Réunion Island does not scape from these immuable rules of the human evolution. From forced migration to that of chosen by men and women towards far a way places, such as La Réunion Island, Comorian migrants have been settling there from the twentieth century, carrying what characterise them: “Comorianité” meaning the “us” and customs. If these aspects make Comorian migrants more visible, it is not untruth that they are unknown because of its lack of visibility within the local social and political spectrum. Although this dilemma does not seem to be steady, it changes over the time. This diaspora seems to work hard for its integration and participation in the collective efforts with respect to intellectual development of La Réunion as well as its cohesivness.This thesis aims to respond to the multiple questions of the presence of this population within La Réunion. It will also cover the causes and consequences of the comorian immigration inside this island. These elements are multiple and varied and offer to this group of migrants special characteristic compared to others
Gueunier, Noël Jacques. "La tradition du conte de langue malgache à Mayotte (Comores)." Paris 7, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA070057.
Full textVivier, Géraldine. "Les migrations Comores, France : logiques familiales et coutumières à Ngazidja." Paris 10, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA100032.
Full textSaint-Martin, Gilles. "Systèmes d'élevage et productivité des ruminants en République Fédérale Islamique des Comores." Paris 12, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA120038.
Full textToyb, Mbaé. "Contribution a l'etude du paludisme en republique federale islamique des comores : epidemiologie et perspectives." Bordeaux 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988BOR25229.
Full textM'Sa, Ali Djamal. "Luttes de pouvoirs aux Comores : entre notables traditionnels, notables professionnalisés et politiques professionnels : le cas Azali /." [Levallois-Perret] : Éd. de la Lune, 2006. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb40957054p.
Full textAli, Mohamed Toibibou. "Ahmad Qamardine (1895-1974) : un intellectuel comorien et ses réseaux." Paris 7, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA070007.
Full textIn 1921, after having occupied the post of legal secretary in the Comoros, Ahmad Qamardine settled in Tananarive where he was named interpreter translater to the Gouvernement general of Madagascar. This intellectual at the service of France on the big island became a journalist and sous-gouverneur in charge of Islamic Affairs. Deeply attached to his islands, Qamardine wanted to take advantage of his status as a highly respected Islamic scholar and colonial civil servant to improve the living conditions of his compatriots in Madagascar, promote their culture, and the Islamic and formal education in the islands, while at the same time pressing the administration to accord a distinct status to the Comoros. After his retirement in 1960, he returned to the Comoros for good, where he generated a collective awareness of national identity, patriotism and independence in the context of internal self-government. His ideas were viewed favourably by the president, Said Mohamed Cheikh, who employed him as a cabinet attaché