Academic literature on the topic 'Comoros'

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Journal articles on the topic "Comoros"

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Bergsten, Johannes, and Olof Biström. "Diversification in the Comoros: Review of the Laccophilus alluaudi Species Group with the Description of Four New Species (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae)." Diversity 14, no. 2 (January 25, 2022): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d14020081.

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The Laccophilus alluaudi species group is an interesting case of an endemic species radiation of Madagascar and the Comoros. To date, a single species, Laccophilus tigrinus Guignot, 1959 (Anjouan), is known from the Comoro Islands, with eight other species known from Madagascar. Here we review the Laccophilus alluaudi species group from the Comoro Islands based on partly new material. We recognize five species, out of which four are here described as new: L. mohelicus n. sp. (Mohéli), L. denticulatus n. sp. (Grande Comore), L. michaelbalkei n. sp. (Mayotte) and L. mayottei n. sp. (Mayotte). Based on morphology of male genitalia, we hypothesize that the five species form a monophyletic group and originated from a single colonization event from Madagascar. If confirmed, this would constitute one of the few examples of intra-archipelago diversification in the Comoros. The knowledge of species limits in relation to their distribution in the Comoros archipelago is also urgently needed in the face of rapid habitat degradation.
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Human Rights Law in Africa, Editors. "COMOROS." Human Rights Law in Africa Online 2, no. 1 (2004): 998–1001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/221160604x01160.

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Human Rights Law in Africa, Editors. "COMOROS." Human Rights Law in Africa Online 3, no. 1 (1998): 274–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/221160698x00311.

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N. Agoti, Charles, George Githinji, Khadija S. Mohammed, Arnold W. Lambisia, Zaydah R. de Laurent, Maureen W. Mburu, Edidah M. Ong’era, et al. "Detection of SARS-CoV-2 variant 501Y.V2 in Comoros Islands in January 2021." Wellcome Open Research 6 (July 28, 2021): 192. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.16889.1.

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Background. Genomic data is key in understanding the spread and evolution of SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and informing the design and evaluation of interventions. However, SARS-CoV-2 genomic data remains scarce across Africa, with no reports yet from the Indian Ocean islands. Methods. We genome sequenced six SARS-CoV-2 positive samples from the first major infection wave in the Union of Comoros in January 2021 and undertook detailed phylogenetic analysis. Results. All the recovered six genomes classified within the 501Y.V2 variant of concern (also known as lineage B.1.351) and appeared to be from 2 sub-clusters with the most recent common ancestor dated 30th Oct-2020 (95% Credibility Interval: 06th Sep-2020 to 10th Dec-2020). Comparison of the Comoros genomes with those of 501Y.V2 variant of concern from other countries deposited into the GISAID database revealed their close association with viruses identified in France and Mayotte (part of the Comoros archipelago and a France, Overseas Department). Conclusions. The recovered genomes, albeit few, confirmed local transmission following probably multiple introductions of the SARS-CoV-2 501Y.V2 variant of concern during the Comoros’s first major COVID-19 wave. These findings demonstrate the importance of genomic surveillance and have implications for ongoing control strategies on the islands.
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Kamal, Thabiti, Yunfeng Huang, Su Xu, Imranul Islam, and Shenghui Cui. "Phosphorus Demand for Food Security: A Case Study of a Food-Deficient Country." Sustainability 11, no. 5 (March 4, 2019): 1345. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11051345.

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The modern global food production system relies heavily on a considerable input of phosphorus. Sustainable food and agriculture need integrated phosphorus management, especially in phosphorus-scarce and food-deficient countries. This study aimed to investigate the phosphorus requirements to meet the future food demand for a phosphorus-scarce and food-deficient country, Comoros, as a case study. With its rapid population growth, domestic food production is far from meeting the food demand in Comoros, and the country relies on imported foods to satisfy the national needs; it is currently a net food importer, an import-dependent nation. We first calculated the virtual and embedded phosphorus flows through food trade in Comoros, from 1991 to 2013, and then estimated the phosphorus requirements for the future food demand under two scenarios. We found that the total virtual and embedded phosphorus through imported food increased from 163,313 to 493,190.97 kg and 53,190.12 to 143,009.62 kg in 1991 and 2013, respectively. Whereas, the embedded phosphorus through exported food shifted from 2548.75 to 1334.5 kg in 1991 and 2013, respectively. In addition, the Self-Sufficiency Ratio (SSR) analysis found that Comoros’s SSR is far below 100%; it varied from 46.27% in 1991 to 29.70% in 2013, indicating that the capacity of domestic production to cover domestic consumption fell by 16.57% during that period. In terms of phosphorus requirements, Comoros will require approximately 3,003,435.09 kg of phosphorus to reach 90% of the SSR or 3,337,150.10 kg to achieve 100% of the SSR, by 2030. These amounts could allow farmers to domestically produce the entire volume of food crops and livestock products that would otherwise be imported from trade.
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Kaltenbach, Thomas, Nathalie Mary, and Jean-Luc Gattolliat. "The Baetidae (Ephemeroptera) of the Comoros and Mayotte." African Invertebrates 62, no. 2 (September 8, 2021): 427–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/afrinvertebr.62.70632.

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Material collected in 1974 during the Austrian Hydrobiological Mission of F. Starmühlner to the Comoros and during recent years by one of the authors (NM) in the course of an ongoing freshwater monitoring program in Mayotte is the basis of this first larger study of the mayfly family Baetidae in the Comoros Archipelago (Comoros, Mayotte). We identified eight different species using morphological characters, four species on both the Comoros and Mayotte, three species on the Comoros only and one species on Mayotte only. Two species, Dabulamanzia mayottensis sp. nov. and Nigrobaetis richardi sp. nov., are new to science; they are described and illustrated based on their nymphs. The nymph of Afroptilum bicorne (Ulmer, 1909) is described for the first time and its assignment to this species is discussed. The description of the previously endemic Malagasy species Potamocloeon (Aquaediva) freitagae (Gattolliat, 2001), is complemented based on the additional material from the Comoros and re-examination of the type material. A key to the nymphs of all species of Baetidae in the Comoros and Mayotte is provided and the biogeography of the family in this region is discussed.
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SMIT, HARRY, VLADIMIR PESIC, and NATHALIE MARY-SASAL. "New species of water mites from the Comoros (Acari: Hydrachnidia)." Zootaxa 2213, no. 1 (August 28, 2009): 47–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2213.1.2.

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Three new species are described from the Comoros, an archipelago in the Indian Ocean: Teratothyasides scutulatus Smit & Pesic n. sp., Platymamersopsis comoros Smit & Pesic n. sp. and Atractides comorosensis Smit & Pesic n. sp. One species is reported new for the fauna of the Comoros, i.e. Monatractides ventriosa (K. Viets, 1916).
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Joseph Ottenheimer, Harriet. "Spelling Shinzwani." Written Language and Literacy 4, no. 1 (March 19, 2001): 15–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/wll.4.1.03jos.

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This paper surveys the history of dictionary construction and orthographic choice in the Comoros — a former French colony in the Indian Ocean — with special reference to issues of literacy, identity, and politics. Evidence ranging from 16th century wordlists to contemporary bilingual/bidirectional dictionaries, as well as colonial, missionary, and scholarly approaches to lexicography and orthography in the Comoros, are examined and compared. While Arabic-influenced writing systems have a long history in the Comoros, the experiences of colonialism and independence in the 20th century introduced French- and phonemically-influenced systems. As the Comoros move into the 21st century, linguists and ethnographers are attempting to assist with questions of standardization, literacy, and dictionary construction. The situation remains fluid, with considerations of tradition, modernity, nationalism, and representation to be taken into account. This paper seeks to address the complex interrelationships between orthographic choice and ethnic identity in the Comoros, with special reference to the development of the first bilingual/bidirectional Shinzwani-English dictionary.
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Lee, Yoosook, Natalie Olson, Youki Yamasaki, Allison Chang, Clare Marsden, Ahmed Ouledi, Gregory Lanzaro, and Anthony J. Cornel. "Absence of kdr resistance alleles in the Union of the Comoros, East Africa." F1000Research 4 (June 9, 2015): 146. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.6567.1.

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Knockdown resistance (kdr) and CYP9K1 genotypes were detected by a MOLDI-TOF based SNP genotyping assay (Sequenom iPLEX) in samples of Anopheles gambiae collected at 13 sites throughout the Union of the Comoros and Dar es Salaam, Tanzania during February and March 2011. All A. gambiae specimens collected in the Comoros were homozygous for the susceptible kdr alleles (+/+) while 96% of A. gambiae from Dar es Salaam were homozygous for the East African kdr resistant genotype (E/E). In contrast, all specimens from Dar es Salaam and the Comoros were homozygous for the cyp3 allele (c3/c3) at the CYP9K1 locus; the locus has been implicated in metabolic resistance against pyrethroid insecticides in West Africa. All specimens had typical A. gambiae genotypes for SNPs within the divergence Islands on all three chromosomes. Although further spatial and temporal studies are needed, the distribution of kdr genotypes between the Comoros and Tanzania further supports isolation of the Comoros populations from A. gambiae populations on mainland Africa.
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International Monetary Fund. "Comoros: Statistical Annex." IMF Staff Country Reports 97, no. 115 (1997): i. http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781451809015.002.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Comoros"

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Gräbner, Werner. "Progressive Comoros bibliography 1994-2001." Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-91694.

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Below are listed publications on the Comoro Islands which have appeared since the publication of the extensive Comoros bibliography in Ottenheimer & Ottenheimer 1994 (& online at: http:/ /www.ksu.edu/sasw/comoros/combibl.cornoro).
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Walker, Iain Bruce. "An historical anthropology of Ngazidja." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2002. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/27845.

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This thesis is an attempt to situate current development theory and prac­tice in a historical context. The basic premise is that formal development projects on Ngazidja since independence have, generally, been unsuc­cessful. This lack of success can only be understood in a wider historical context that recognises contemporary social structures in Ngazidja as being the product of processes that draw deeply on external contacts and influences in constituting viable and strongly incorporative social systems. These processes are not susceptible to controlled intervention, external or internal, but are rather self-driven. This statement may seem self-evident to anthropologists, but is far from being so in the develop­ment industry.
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Mohamed, Ibrahim. "L’eau en Grande Comore : étude de cas d’un petit espace insulaire abondamment arrosé mais en situation de pénurie d’eau." Thesis, La Réunion, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LARE0019.

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La question de l'accès à l'eau potable reste une préoccupation majeure de tous les habitants de la Grande Comore. Dans cette île volcanique de 1025 km2, les ressources en eau proviennent d'une part des eaux météorites liées aux pluies, qui sont recueillies dans des citernes par les toits des maisons, et d'autre part des eaux souterraines résultant de l'infiltration des précipitations facilitées par la porosité des roches. Il n'existe aucun cours d'eau permanent, mais une nappe d'eau évaluée annuellement à 1 milliard de m3 entoure toute la zone côtière. Jusqu'en 1975, ces énormes réserves d'eau souterraines n'étaient pas du tout exploitées. Actuellement, la nappe alimente quelques 20 localités représentant environ 30 % de la population. Ainsi 70 % des habitants ne bénéficient pas, à l'heure actuelle, d'un accès continu à la ressource souterraine. Ils utilisent l'eau des pluies recueillie dans des citernes. Cette source d'approvisionnement n'est suffisante que pendant la saison des pluies. Au cœur de la saison sèche, qui se situe généralement de juin à novembre, l'eau doit être rationnée au sein des familles des villages du nord-est et du sud-est, régions situées sous le vent, où la saison sèche est particulièrement longue. Notre recherche de thèse se propose d'abord d'évaluer l'état de la ressource et identifier ensuite les problèmes d'accès à l'eau. Cette thèse propose des solutions pour résoudre dans une logique de développement durable le problème de l'eau en Grande Comore
The question of access to safe drinking water has remained a big concern for the people who live in Grande Comoro and even nowadays they still cope with the problem of safe drinking water. Yet Grande Comoro presents the originality of plentiful water resources; howeever, that is not enough to avoid the water shortage that harms the population. In this volcanic island of 1025 km2, the water resources come largely from the meteorite water related to the raining, which is collected in water tanks through the roof of houses. In addition to that, the water resources also come from underground water resulting from the seepage of rainfall facilitated by the porosity of the rocks. There is no permanent stream but a sheet that surrounds the costal area. The raining water which goes underground joins a basic sheet forming a big reservoir estimated at one billion square meters. until 1975, those huge underground water reservoirs were not exploited at all. For the time being, the sheet is suppling (apart from Moroni and its suburbs) some 20 localities in the island. Overall the island, only 30 % of the population is more or less correctly supplied. Our thesis research is firstly proposing to evaluate the state of the resource, and put it in perspective with the demographic growth. Then, identifying the problems relating to the access of water in order to study the part of responsability, shared between technical, financial and political issues. This thesis is proposing solutions to resolve in a logic of sustainable development the paradox of an island "plentifully watered but in a constant situation of water shortage."
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Said, Ahmed Said Ali. "L'archipel des Comores : milieu insulaire et géopolitique." Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BOR30052/document.

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L’insularité a toujours fasciné et fait l’objet de nombreux champs d’étude scientifiques. Cette thèse traite l’insularité comorienne sous l’angle de la géographie politique en tenant compte des apports théoriques et empiriques des autres disciplines. De l’époque précoloniale à la colonisation à l’indépendance et jusqu’à nos jours, les rivalités de pouvoir sur l’espace comorien rythment et ont toujours rythmé la vie politique de la nation comorienne pourtant cimentée par une seule et unique identité culturelle. Pour tenter de comprendre les ressorts de la conflictualité comorienne et appréhender les équilibres territoriaux ce travail vise à étudier la complexité géographique et le creuset identitaire et historique. Centrée sur les causes endogènes et exogènes de cet écartèlement politique, notre étude tend également à dévoiler les réalités géopolitiques de l’archipel des Comores. L’insularité serait-elle un milieu à forte propension à l’instabilité et à la fragmentation politique ? Comment maintenir l’ensemble comorien dans une cohésion politique tout en reconnaissant à chaque entité composite une autonomie réelle ? Les Comores n’ont jamais cessé de vaciller entre division et unité politique. Quel système politique serait-il adéquat à la configuration géographique des Comores, capable de contenir les forces centrifuges ? Ces interrogations essentielles constituent la trame de notre travail de recherche
Many scientific studies have dealt with the fascinating subject of insularity. This thesis deals with Comorian insularity in terms of political geography, taking into account the empirical and theoretical contributions of other fields. From the pre-colonial era of colonization to independence until today, the Comorian nation, despite its single cultural identity, has always encountered political power rivalries. To try to understand the reasons behind the Comorian conflict and the territorial stability of the nation, this work studies the complexity, the geographical identity and the history of the Comoros islands. Centered on the endogenous and exogenous causes of this political dismemberment, our study also aims to reveal the geopolitical realities of the Comoros archipelago. Are the Comoros moderately to highly prone to political instability and fragmentation? How to maintain the country's political cohesion while recognizing each composite entity's genuine autonomy? The archipelago has never stopped oscillating between unity and political division. Which type of political system would be suitable for the geographical context of the Comoros, to contain the centrifugal forces? These are the essential questions of our research work
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Collins, Charine. "The dynamics and physical processes of the Comoros Basin." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/6467.

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The main objective of this thesis was to investigate the circulation in the ComorosBasin using observed and model datasets. These data were used to establish whether or not a Comoros Gyre exists and to investigate the nature of the eddy variability in the basin.The water masses in the Comoros Basin emulate those found further south in the Mozambique Channel. The presence of AAIW north of Madagascar confirmed that this water mass enters the Comoros Basin from the east while the presence of North Atlantic Deep Water showed that this water mass is capable of spreading northward over the Davie Ridge. The main currents in the Comoros Basin, the westward flowing NEMC and a poleward current along the western boundary, are under the influence of the monsoon winds. The NEMC intensifies during the Southwest monsoon in response to a strong wind jet which develops off the northern tip of Madagascar, whereas the poleward current weakens due to the opposing force imposed by the southwesterlies. Additionally, the circulation in the basin consist of meso-scale eddies of both polarities. Anti-cyclonic eddies, with lifespans of
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White, Bob Whitman. "Constraints and creativity in Comorian enterprise." Thesis, McGill University, 1993. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=69678.

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In recent decades, increasing attention has been paid to small-scale enterprise in developing countries because of its potential to foster economic growth and simultaneously reduce poverty in regional economies. In an attempt to understand more about the relationship between entrepreneurship and social change in economies in Africa, this research examines the beliefs and practices of six small-scale entrepreneurs in the Federal Islamic Republic of the Comoros. Surveys show that indigenous entrepreneurs consider fellow community members a hindrance to their activities; the government and access to capital are seen as less constraining. Case studies focus on entrepreneurial innovation in order to distinguish entrepreneurs from "businessmen" and to paint a picture of the African entrepreneur as vanguard instead of victim.
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Younoussa, Imani. "Envois de fonds et pauvreté : le cas des Comores." Thesis, Bordeaux 4, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR40028/document.

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L’objectif de cette étude est de mesurer l’impact des envois de fonds extérieurs sur la pauvreté aux Comores. Les envois de fonds à destination des Comores ont été évalués à 117 millions Usd en 2010, représentant ainsi 24 pour cent du PIB. Les envois de fonds sont de loin, la première ressource extérieure des Comores, devant l’Aide publique au développement, qui représente environ 10 pour cent du PIB. Les migrants comoriens qui envoient des fonds sont composés d’une grande majorité d’employés à faible qualification (66 pour cent). Réciproquement, près de la moitié des bénéficiaires, sont issus des classes pauvres. Le « Grand mariage » est le motif principal d’envoi de fonds. Deux méthodes d’analyse ont été développées dans cette étude : l’une descriptive et l’autre économétrique. L’approche économétrique considère les envois de fonds comme une donnée endogène, résultant d’un « contrat implicite » entre les migrants et les bénéficiaires. La conclusion de l’étude est la suivante : les envois de fonds contribuent à une réduction des indices de pauvreté. L’impact sur les inégalités est mitigé. L’incidence de pauvreté (P0) baisse de -3,5 pour cent, sous l’effet des envois de fonds. La profondeur (P1) et la sévérité (P2) baissent respectivement de -7,4 pour cent, et -5,8 pour cent avec les envois de fonds. Les envois de fonds ont plus d’impact sur la pauvreté, pour les catégories des ménages suivantes : celles vivant en milieu rural, celles vivant en Grande Comore, celles dirigées par les femmes, les chômeurs et les inactifs. On observe alors que, ce sont les catégories des ménages qui bénéficient le plus d’envois de fonds en termes de dépenses par tête, qui enregistrent le plus d’impact sur la réduction de la pauvreté
The target of this study is to measure the impact of the remittances on the poverty. The remittances to Comoros were evaluated to 113 Usd million in 2010, thus representing 24 percent of the GDP. The remittances are by far, the first external resource of the Comoros, in front of public Aid, which represents only approximately 10 percent of the GDP. The Comorian migrants, who send funds, are composed by a great majority of the employees with weak qualification (66 percent). Reciprocally, about half of the recipients, are resulting from the poor classes. The “Grand marriage” is the principal reason for remittances. Two methods of analysis were developed in this study: one descriptive and the other one, econometric. The econometric approach regards the remittances as an endogenous data, resulting from a “implicit contract” between the migrants and the recipients. The conclusion of the study is as follows: the remittances contribute to the reduction of the indices of poverty in Comoros. The effect on the inequalities is mitigated. The incidence of poverty (P0) drops by -3,5 percent, under the effect of the remittances. The depth (P1) and severity (P2) drop respectively by -7,4 percent, and -5,8 percent with the remittances. The remittances have more impact on poverty of the following categories of the households: those alive in rural areas, those alive in Grand Comore, those directed by the women, the unemployeds and the inactives. The categories of the households which are received the most remittances in terms of expenditure per capita, records the most impact on poverty reduction
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Issa, Mze Hassani. "Études écologiques des mouches des fruits (diptera tephritidae) nuisibles aux cultures fruitières aux Comores." Thesis, La Réunion, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LARE0001/document.

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De nombreuses invasions par les mouches des fruits de la famille des Tephritidae sont observées dans le monde. C'est notamment le cas aux Comores, de par sa position géographique et de ses importations de produits frais depuis les pays voisins. Afin de déterminer les stratégies nécessaires permettant de diminuer les populations de plusieurs espèces de cette famille, il est indispensable de disposer d'un état des lieux sur l'écologie et la distribution des espèces présentes dans l'archipel. Les objectifs de cette thèse étaient : i) d'inventorier les espèces de Tephritidae présentes aux Comores et d'analyser les fluctuations saisonnières des populations en lien avec les facteurs climatiques et la phénologie des principales plantes-hôtes, ii) de déterminer la gamme de plantes-hôtes des principales espèces et iii) d'inventorier les parasitoïdes indigènes des Tephritidae et de suivre l'acclimatation du parasitoïde Fopius arisanus introduit à partir de 2013. Afin de mener à bien ces objectifs, un suivi hebdomadaire d'un réseau de piégeage ainsi que la phénologie des plantes présentes dans les îles Grande-Comore, Mohéli et Anjouan, a été réalisé durant une période deux ans. De même, des fruits cultivés et sauvages ont été échantillonnés dans différentes régions de la diversité écoclimatique de l'île de la Grande-Comore durant une période de trois ans. Cinq espèces de mouches de fruits ont été retrouvées dans l'ensemble de l'archipel à partir du réseau de piégeage : Bactrocera dorsalis, Ceratitis capitata, Dacus bivittatus, Dacuspunctatifrons et Dacus ciliatus. Une forte dominance de l'espèce envahissante B. dorsalis a été observée à toutes les saisons et dans tous les sites. La densité des espèces de Tephritidae était plus importante durant la saison chaude et humide que pendant la saison fraiche et sèche. De plus, les résultats ont montré une forte abondance de B. dorsalis dans les régions humides de basses altitudes alors que C. capitata, subsiste dans les régions sèches et d'altitude plus élevée. Les résultats suggèrent un phénomène de séparation de niches entre ces deux espèces liée au climat. Parmi 42 espèces de fruits échantillonnées apparentant à 22 familles de plantes, 22 fruits de 11 familles étaient infestés par des Tephritidae. Six espèces de mouches des fruits ont émergées des fruits échantillonnés avec une large dominance (91%) de B. dorsalis. Cette dernière espèce occupe une large gamme de plantes-hôtes (16 espèces), utilisant des fruits préalablement infestés par C. capitata. Quatre espèces de parasitoïdes de la famille des Braconidae, sous-famille d'Opiinae ont émergés des fruits dont l'espèce introduite F. arisanus. Cependant très peu d'individus ont été retrouvés pour le moment et il sera nécessaire de suivre l'acclimatation du parasitoïde, en termes de taux de parasitisme, de distribution et de gamme de fruit et d'espèces de Tephritidae hôtes
Numerous invasions by fruit flies of the Tephritidae family are observed worldwide. This is particularly the case in Comoros, because of its geographical position and its imports of fresh products from neighboring countries. In order to determine the strategies necessary to reduce the populations of several species of this family, it is essential to have a current status on the ecology and distribution of the species present in the archipelago. The objectives of this thesis were to: (i) inventory the Tephritidae species present in Comoros and analyze the seasonal fluctuations of populations in relation to climatic factors and phenology of the main host plants, (ii) determine the host plants range of the main species and (iii) inventory the Tephritidae indigenous parasitoids and follow the acclimatization of theparasitoid Fopius arisanus introduced since 2013. In order to achieve these objectives, a weekly monitoring of a trapping network as well as plants phenology present in Grande-Comore, Mohéli and Anjouan islands was carried out during a period of two years. Similarly,cultivated and wild fruits were sampled in different regions of the ecoclimatic diversity of Grande-Comore island during a period of three years. Five fruit fly species were found throughout the archipelago from the trapping network: Bactrocera dorsalis, Ceratitis capitata, Dacus bivittatus, Dacus punctatifrons and Dacus ciliatus. High dominance of the invasive species B. dorsalis was observed at all seasons and at all sites. The density of Tephritidae species was greater during the hot and wet season than during the cool and dry season. In addition, the results showed a high abundance of B. dorsalis in humid regions of low altitudes while C. capitata, persists in dry regions of higher elevation. The results suggest a niche separation phenomenon between these two species related to climate. Among 42 fruit species sampled from 22 plant families, 22 fruits belonging to 11 families were infested with Tephritidae. Six fruit fly species have emerged with a large dominance (91%) of B. dorsalis. The latter species occupies a wide range of host plants (16 species), using fruits previously infested with C. capitata. Four parasitoids species of Braconidae subfamily Opiinae have emerged in fruits including introduced species F. arisanus. However, very few individuals have been found at this timeand it will be necessary to follow acclimatization of the parasitoid in terms of parasitism rates, distribution and host fruit and Tephritidae species range
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Fouad, Ali Abdallah. "L'immigration comorienne à La Réunion de 1900 à nos jours." Thesis, La Réunion, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LARE0029/document.

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Le phénomène migratoire n'est pas nouveau dans l'histoire de l’humanité : il demeure inéluctablement un phénomène mondial, hier, et avec beaucoup plus d'acuité aujourd'hui. Les peuples anciens ont connu le nomadisme : les déplacements massifs, à la recherche d’un refuge, de la nourriture, du fait des changements climatiques ou des saisons… De nos jours, les migrations présentent certes de multiples spécificités, mais d'évidence, elles empruntent leurs caractéristiques fondamentales des anciens phénomènes migratoires. L'immigration comorienne à La Réunion n'échappe à cette règle immuable de l'évolution humaine. De l'immigration forcée à celle choisie par des hommes et des femmes vers une contrée lointaine, l'île de La Réunion, les Comoriens s’y sont installés durablement depuis le début du XXème siècle, amenant avec eux ce qui les caractérise : leur « comorianité », c’est-à-dire leurs us et coutumes. Si cette dernière rend cette population visible, il n'en reste pas moins vrai qu'elle demeure méconnue du fait notamment de son effacement et de sa difficile visibilité sur le plan sociopolitique locale. Pour autant, cette situation n'est pas figée, elle évolue avec le temps. Cette diaspora s'emploie tant bien que mal pour réussir son intégration et participer ainsi à l'effort collectif dans le génie réunionnais du bon vivre ensemble. Cette thèse se propose donc de répondre aux questionnements que soulève cette présence des Comoriens au sein de La Réunion. Il importe en effet de s’interroger sur les causes et les conséquences de cette immigration comorienne dans cette île. Ses causes et ses conséquences sont multiples et variées et donnent à cette immigration une spécificité propre la distinguant des autres migrations
Migration is not just a current issue in the human history: it has ineluctably been a worldwide phenomenon, as dominant in the past, and with more acuity nowdays. The ancient populations were users of nomadism : enormous movements between places, either to look for refugee, food due to climate change or seasons for instance.Nowdays, migrations present yet multiple specificities but certainly, they are linked withfundamental characteristics of migratory ancients populations. Comorian immigration within La Réunion Island does not scape from these immuable rules of the human evolution. From forced migration to that of chosen by men and women towards far a way places, such as La Réunion Island, Comorian migrants have been settling there from the twentieth century, carrying what characterise them: “Comorianité” meaning the “us” and customs. If these aspects make Comorian migrants more visible, it is not untruth that they are unknown because of its lack of visibility within the local social and political spectrum. Although this dilemma does not seem to be steady, it changes over the time. This diaspora seems to work hard for its integration and participation in the collective efforts with respect to intellectual development of La Réunion as well as its cohesivness.This thesis aims to respond to the multiple questions of the presence of this population within La Réunion. It will also cover the causes and consequences of the comorian immigration inside this island. These elements are multiple and varied and offer to this group of migrants special characteristic compared to others
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Ali, Ahamada. "Le droit maritime comorien : étude de droit comparé : droit français / droit comorien." Thesis, Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01D020/document.

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Aux Comores, le droit maritime est une discipline qui, depuis longtemps, est restée dans le flou. Les textes internes qui étaient censés régir le droit maritime aux Comores étaient presque inconnus et difficilement trouvables. Ces textes hérités de la France, mériteraient d'être amendés ou remplacés par de nouvelles dispositions tenant compte des réalités et de normes internationales. A ce jour, le pays n'a adhéré à aucune des conventions internationales en vigueur régissant le droit maritime international. Il est en manque cruel de spécialistes en droit maritime, alors que les différends dans ce domaine ne cessent d'augmenter. Plusieurs zones d'ombre et de non-droit planent sur les questions relatives au droit maritime. en nous référant au droit français avec lequel le droit comorien entretient toujours d'étroites relations, cette thèse a pour objectif principal de revisiter le droit maritime comorien afin d'en déceler les lacunes et les originalités, dans la perspective de pouvoir proposer une réforme d'ensemble du droit maritime comorien
In the Comoros, the maritime law is a discipline which, for a long time, remained in the blur. The internal texts whiwh were supposed to govern the maritime law to the Comoros were almost inknown and not easily findable. These texts inherited France, would deserve to be amended or replaced by new provisions taking account of realities and the international standards. To date, the country adhered to none international conventions in force governing the international maritime law. It is in cruel lack specialists in maritime law, whereas the disagreements in this field do not cease increasing. Several not-right and remote regions plane on the relative questions with the maritime law. While referring to us with the French right with the Comotian Right maintains still and always close relations, this thesis aims main aim to revisit the Comorian maritime law in order to detect the gaps and the originalities of them, with a view to be able to propose an overallreform of the Comorian maritime law
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Books on the topic "Comoros"

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Greenway, Paul. Madagascar & Comoros. 3rd ed. Hawthorn, Vic: Lonely Planet Publications, 1997.

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Fund, International Monetary, ed. Comoros: Recent economic developments. Washington, D.C: International Monetary Fund, 1995.

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Comoros. Ministère de la santé publique et de la population., ed. Evaluation/revue du programme élargi de vaccination en République fédérale islamique des Comores du 4 au 22 février 1992. Moroni: Le Ministère, 1992.

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1954-, Willox Robert, and Willox Robert 1954-, eds. Madagascar & Comoros: A travel survival kit. 2nd ed. Hawthorn, Vic: Lonely Planet Publications, 1994.

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Swaney, Deanna. Madagascar & Comoros: A travel survival guide. 2nd ed. Hawthorn, Vic: Lonely Planet, 1994.

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Madagascar & Comoros: A travel survival kit. Hawthorn, Victoria: Lonely Planet, 1989.

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Staff, International Monetary Fund. Comoros. International Monetary Fund, 1996.

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Madagascar: Comoros. London: Economist Intelligence Unit, 1986.

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Publications, USA International Business. Comoros Country. 3rd ed. Intl Business Pubns USA, 2001.

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Madagascar & Comoros. 6th ed. Footscray, Vic: Lonely Planet, 2008.

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Book chapters on the topic "Comoros"

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Turner, Barry. "Comoros." In The Stateman’s Yearbook, 343–45. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-74024-6_147.

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Turner, Barry. "Comoros." In The Statesman’s Yearbook, 344–46. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-74027-7_147.

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Turner, Barry. "Comoros." In The Statesman’s Yearbook, 348–50. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-67278-3_201.

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Heath-Brown, Nick. "Comoros." In The Stateman’s Yearbook, 349–51. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-57823-8_203.

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Turner, Barry. "Comoros." In The Statesman’s Yearbook 2010, 343–45. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-58632-5_147.

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Turner, Barry. "Comoros." In The Statesman’s Yearbook, 345–47. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-58635-6_146.

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Turner, Barry. "Comoros." In The Statesman’s Yearbook, 348–50. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-59051-3_195.

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Turner, Barry. "Comoros." In The Statesman’s Yearbook, 350–52. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-59541-9_197.

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Turner, Barry. "Comoros." In The Statesman’s Yearbook, 350–52. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-59643-0_198.

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Andrade, John. "Comoros." In World Police & Paramilitary Forces, 49. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-07782-3_39.

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Conference papers on the topic "Comoros"

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Milsom, John, Phil Roach, Chris Toland, Don Riaroh, Chris Budden, and Naoildine Houmadi. "Comoros – New Evidence and Arguments for Continental Crust." In SPE/AAPG Africa Energy and Technology Conference. SPE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/afrc-2572434-ms.

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ABSTRACT As part of an ongoing exploration effort, approximately 4000 line-km of seismic data have recently been acquired and interpreted within the Comoros Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ). Magnetic and gravity values were recorded along the seismic lines and have been integrated with pre-existing regional data. The combined data sets provide new constraints on the nature of the crust beneath the West Somali Basin (WSB), which was created when Africa broke away from Gondwanaland and began to move north. Despite the absence of clear sea-floor spreading magnetic anomalies or gravity anomalies defining a fracture zone pattern, the crust beneath the WSB has been generally assumed to be oceanic, based largely on regional reconstructions. However, inappropriate use of regional magnetic data has led to conclusions being drawn that are not supported by evidence. The identification of the exact location of the continent-ocean boundary (COB) is less simple than would at first sight appear and, in particular, recent studies have cast doubt on a direct correlation between the COB and the Davie Fracture Zone (DFZ). The new high-quality reflection seismic data have imaged fault patterns east of the DFZ more consistent with extended continental crust, and the accompanying gravity and magnetic surveys have shown that the crust in this area is considerably thicker than normal oceanic and that linear magnetic anomalies typical of sea-floor spreading are absent. Rifting in the basin was probably initiated in Karoo times but the generation of new oceanic crust may have been delayed until about 154 Ma, when there was a switch in extension direction from NW-SE to N-S. From then until about 120 Ma relative movement between Africa and Madagascar was accommodated by extension in the West Somali and Mozambique basins and transform motion along the DFZ that linked them. A new understanding of the WSB can be achieved by taking note of newly-emerging concepts and new data from adjacent areas. The better-studied Mozambique Basin, where comprehensive recent surveys have revealed an unexpectedly complex spreading history, may provide important analogues for some stages in WSB evolution. At the same time the importance of wide continent-ocean transition zones marked by the presence of hyper-extended continental crust has become widely recognised. We make use of these new insights in explaining the anomalous results from the southern WSB and in assessing the prospectivity of the Comoros EEZ.
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Chauvel, Catherine, Edward Inglis, Pamela Gutierrez, Tu-Han Luu, Pierre Bürckel, and Pascale Besson. "Geochemistry of the new submarine volcano next to Mayotte (Comoros Archipelago)." In Goldschmidt2022. France: European Association of Geochemistry, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46427/gold2022.10153.

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Soobron, Mahen, Cheeranjiv Soobron, Soodevi Soobron, Aneerav Sukhoo, and Rajnish Haw Hawabhay. "Connectivity within Indian Ocean Islands (Mauritius, Seychelles, Comoros, Reunion and Madagascar) — A case for a Regional Internet Exchange." In 2014 IST-Africa Conference & Exhibition. IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/istafrica.2014.6880667.

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Mariama, Said Mohamed, Angel Scipioni, Bernard Davat, and Mohammed El Ganaoui. "The Idea of Feeding a Rural Area in Comoros with a Micro-Grid System with Renewable Energy Source with Hydrogen Storages." In 2018 6th International Renewable and Sustainable Energy Conference (IRSEC). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/irsec.2018.8702853.

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Ay, Ahmet, Fahri Kurşunel, and Mahamane Moutari Abdou Baoua. "Relationship Between Trade Openness, Capital Formation and Economic Growth: A Panel Data Analysis for African Countries." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c09.02013.

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The more a country is open to trade, the more it attracts investors and the faster its economy develops. However, some study showed that sometime it can be the opposite of all this. In this context, the main purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between trade openness, capital formation and economic growth in African countries. To do so, we collected data of GDP per capita, trade (% of GDP), Gross national expenditure and capital formation variables. The method applied is panel cointegration and causality by using time series of 38 African countries for the period of 1990-2014. According to the results there is long run relationship between all the variables and the cross sectional co-integration test result indicates that there is more cointegration in Comoros, Equatorial Guinea, Niger and Guinea-Bissau. With highest GDP per capita, Equatorial Guinea has more long-run relationship between trade openness, capital formation and economic growth. However, one of the poorest countries in the world (Niger), has also efficient long run relationship between the variables. The panel causality test results suggest that there is unidirectional causal relationship from trade openness to economic growth. There is also bidirectional causality link between capital formation and economic growth. In the same context, causal link exists from capital formation to trade openness. The study suggests that African countries must increase the investment promotions in order to increase the capital formation and trade openness then to boost economic growth.
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Rodriguez de la Concepcion, Abel, Mazen O. Hasna, Mohamed Elsayed, Riccardo Stefanelli, Daniele Trinchero, Karim Attoumani Mohamed, and Naceur Mashmoun. "Enabling ICT development with low cost high capacity wireless networks in remote and underdeveloped locations an application to public finance management in Comoros Islands." In 2014 IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ghtc.2014.6970290.

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Youssouf Kadafi, Said, Hui Lyu, Tebello Pusetso, and Zhang Xusheng. "Design Application of Solar Backpack for African Rural Area Students." In AHFE 2023 Hawaii Edition. AHFE International, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1004246.

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Access to electricity is a significant challenge in Africa, the impact of which is even greater in schools in isolated rural areas. According to the World Bank, approximately 600 million people (nearly two-thirds of the population) in Sub-Saharan Africa lack access to electricity, leading to difficulties in people’s livelihood, including limited educational opportunities. It has been observed that students living in rural areas take long-distance walks (1h to 2hrs) to school early in the morning and return home after dark with no street lights. Moreover, many students study at night without access of light and electricity. Therefore, this study aims to explore the potential applications and benefits of solar-powered backpacks for African students living in rural areas. The study was conducted in Comoros, at the Mohammadia Community School in the village of Irohe Oichili and the village of Chomoni Oichili where students walk more than 6.5km to get to school. Three hundred and one students were interviewed. The questionnaire was employed to capture necessary data for the solar-powered backpack design and a vivid picture of the importance of this design in Comorian rural communities for students. The parameters within the questionnaire includes families’ financial status, whether electrical power shortage affects the students’ educational performance, whether the solar-powered backpack will benefit the students and so on. The results of the survey showed that 82% of the students came from families with low financial status. 80% of the students reported that electrical power shortage affects their educational performance. 90% of the students reported that they would benefit from using a solar-powered backpack. Therefore, a solar-powered backpack was designed with a solar panel attached to the front of the backpack, and a LED light was attached directly inside the backpack. For the charging facility, the backpack is occupied by a USB port, located on the bag’s exterior, connected to the charge center and the battery, while the battery inside the pack is stored neatly away. The battery provides power to the port through an extension system connected inside the backpack. The prototype was tested, and we found that the average time spent on the school way to charge is 1h48min. The capacity of the battery charged on the way is 36%. The period of usage for studying is 1h30min, and the battery life after usage is 16%. As a result, a solar-powered backpack could provide a convenient, portable and sustainable source of electricity for student living in remote areas who are unable to access the electrical grid. Future work is to update the prototype with an attached solar panel that can be disconnected for better charging when the student enters the classroom or at home.
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Meyer, Charlie, Cinda Heeren, Eric Shaffer, and Jon Tedesco. "CoMoTo." In the 16th annual joint conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1999747.1999789.

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"CoMoRea 2008 Message." In 2008 Sixth Annual IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications (PerCom). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/percom.2008.128.

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"CoMoRea 2008 Organization." In 2008 Sixth Annual IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications (PerCom). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/percom.2008.129.

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Reports on the topic "Comoros"

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Novichkova, Tatiana. Political administrative map of The Comoros. Edited by Nikolay Komedchikov and Alexandr Khropov. Entsiklopediya, July 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.15356/dm2016-02-11-7.

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Matchaya, Greenwell, and Anna Lwesya-Chima. CAADP Third Biennial Review Brief: Comoros. AKADEMIYA2063, April 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54067/caadptbr/co.

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Ramachandran, Swetha. Comoros: desk study on aid and democracy. UNU-WIDER, January 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.35188/unu-wider/qbbo7822.

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Hubbell, J. M. Aquifer test at Comore Loma No. 4, Idaho Falls, Idaho. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10138430.

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Hubbell, J. M. Aquifer test at Comore Loma No. 4, Idaho Falls, Idaho. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5455670.

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Chaturvedi, S., J. A. Rodriguez, J. C. Hanson, A. Albornoz, and J. L. Brito. Properties of pure and sulfided NiMoO{sub 4} and CoMoO{sub 4} catalysts: TPR, XANES and time-resolved XRD studies. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/555287.

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Agricultural yields and production in the Comoros. FAO, December 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4060/cc9152en.

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Selected DHS data on 10–14-year-olds: Comoros. Population Council, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/pgy21.1070.

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Facts about adolescents from the Demographic and Health Survey—Statistical tables for program planning: Comoros 1996. Population Council, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/pgy21.1011.

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The Population Council initiated its work on adolescents in the mid-1990s. At that time, those advocating greater attention to adolescent issues were concerned about adolescent fertility—particularly outside of marriage—and adolescent “risk-taking” behavior. As an international scientific organization with its mandate centered around the needs of developing countries, the Council sought a more nuanced and context-specific understanding of the problems confronting adolescents in the developing world. In working with colleagues inside and outside the Council, it became clear that information on adolescents, and the way data are organized, were limiting the ability to understand the diversity of their experiences or to develop programs to address that diversity. In the absence of data, many adolescent policies were implicitly based on the premise that the lives of adolescents in developing countries were like those of adolescents in Western countries. In fact, significant numbers of young people in the West do not fit this description, and even larger groups within the developing countries. The Council created tables to more clearly describe the diversity of the adolescent experience by drawing on Comoros Demographic and Health Survey data. The tables, presented in this report, are intended to be used as a basis for developing programs.
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Rendements et production agricoles aux Comores. FAO, January 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4060/cc9152fr.

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