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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Compact places'
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Dungan, Mary Elizabeth. "Development of a compact sound source for the active control of turbofan inlet noise /." This resource online, 1992. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-03302010-020615/.
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Monyamane, Sasha. "The place of corporate social responsibility in company law." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.367230.
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Dungan, Mary E. "Development of a compact sound source for the active control of turbofan inlet noise." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/41872.
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The concept of a compact sound source driven by piezoactuators is experimentally investigated, and analytical design tools are developed. The sound source, consisting of a thin, cylindrically curved aluminum panel and a pair of collocated, surface-bonded piezoceramic actuators, was developed with the objective of employing it as a secondary sound source in the active control of turbofan bladeinteraction inlet noise.
The sound source was fitted in an experimental duct representative of an aircraft engine inlet, and the interior and exterior sound pressure levels generated by the source were measured. The effects of excitation voltage, excitation frequency, duct length, and downstream termination of the duct were investigated. It was found that the source is capable of generating relatively high acoustic levels at its fundamental frequency (over 130 dB at maximum voltage input).
Techniques for analytically predicting the acoustic levels are investigated. A commercial code for numerical modelling of structural - acoustic radiation was utilized. Results show generally good agreement with experimental measurements for the case of the short duct. It is believed that the model accuracy can be further improved through additional refinements in the modelling techniques.<br>Master of Science
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Tan, Chien Yung. "Inventory management of steel plates at an oil rig construction company." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/38287.
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Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2006.<br>Includes bibliographical references (leaf 67).<br>Keppel Fels produces make-to-order oil exploration rigs for the global market. Each rig requires close to 6000 metric tons of steel in the course of its production. Optimal management of this steel is very critical in this line of business. However, in recent years, demand for these rigs has been increasing at a tremendous rate and previous steel management policies are fast becoming unable to cope with this surge of demand. The thesis first looks at characterizing the nature of the demand of steel plates in the company. This led to the identification of key factors of demand, resulting in a classification system of the steel plates according to their demand behavior. This system further led to the crafting of various policies to manage the risks involved in the procurement of the steel plates. We propose to use the newsboy model to minimize the inventory costs, subject to uncertain demand. The conclusion of the thesis presents the optimized steel plate procurement quantities for the company.<br>by Chien Yung Tan.<br>M.Eng.
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Papineau, Diane Marie. "Transforming place at canyon politics and settlement creation in Yellowstone National Park /." Thesis, Montana State University, 2008. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2008/papineau/PapineauD0508.pdf.
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Between 1940 and 1970 the cultural landscape of Yellowstone National Park's Canyon development changed dramatically. The government relocated visitor services away from the rims of the Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone to a new development, inaugurating the National Park Service's Mission 66 redevelopment program. Replacing the 70-year-old, "organically grown," rustic settlement was a Modern, preconceived village resembling 1950s suburbia. This study examines how different generations of Yellowstone visitors have experienced two dramatically disparate and contested versions of Canyon as a park place. The old Canyon settlement was established incrementally and grew organically. It was tied to a geographic point and its pattern evolved through time. Unfortunately, the settlement was built quite close to the canyon's rim. When developments at Canyon were initiated in the 1880s, national parks represented a new responsibility for the federal government-a new type of land use. Entrepreneurial interests and visitor expectations challenged the government's ability to regulate visitor place creation. By the mid-1930s, federal park planning strategies matured and government control strengthened. Planners recognized the undesirable location of Canyon's visitor settlement. The government persuaded park concessioners to move the tourist settlement away from the canyon, motivated in part by the nation's developing preservation ethic. The Mission 66 initiative also encouraged a dramatic reworking of the Canyon area, producing much of the cultural landscape visible today. The formation and evolution of that landscape illustrates the evolving political strength and maturation of federal government stewardship in national parks.
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Babelon, Ian. "Mapping place values for the green, compact and healthy city: Interlinking softGIS, sociotope mapping and communities of practice." Thesis, KTH, Mark- och vattenteknik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-171861.
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Urban planning research and practice provides forceful evidence that urban place-making processes should not be driven by experts and planning professionals alone: they should also build on the experiential knowledge and values of lay citizens. Experience shows that the construction of the green, compact, and healthy city fostered by sustainable development policies requires considering how places are used and valued by all relevant stakeholders. SoftGIS is a form of web-based Public Participation Geographic Information Systems (PPGIS) that provides both a method and tools for mapping the values that people attach to places and for integrating these in professional urban planning practice. This report focuses on three softGIS tools: Mapita’s Maptionnaire, Spacescape’s Bästa Platsen, and SKL’s Geopanelen. Five case studies from Finland and Sweden are analysed so as to discuss some of the main substantive issues surrounding the uptake of softGIS applications urban planning practice and decision-making, particularly in the context of urban densification measures. In so doing, the extent to which softGIS can support dialogue between lay citizens and planning professionals is assessed, with a focus on urban ecosystem services in green areas. It is demonstrated that the potential of softGIS to help broaden communities of practice in urban planning hinges on a conducive institutional context for public participation and dialogue. Furthermore, it is argued that the use of softGIS tools is optimised when it is integrated in a comprehensive multifunctional toolbox that combines both physical and digital forms of public participation.
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Caceres, Frasquiel Gabrielle. "Quand la religion questionne la généralité de la norme. Quelle place pour l’« accommodement raisonnable » en Europe ?Étude de cas – Angleterre, France, Belgique." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/221037.
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Depuis quelques décennies, les États européens font face à des revendications religieuses qui visent l’adaptation de règles générales applicables dans différents domaines de la vie en société, et cela dans un contexte qui s’est progressivement sécularisé. Qu’il s’agisse du port du turban sikh par les motocyclistes britanniques, de l’organisation de l’horaire de travail lors du ramadan dans les transports publics belges ou des objections à la célébration de mariages entre personnes de même sexe par les officiers d’état civil français de confession chrétienne, nombreux sont les exemples qui ont défrayé la chronique sur le Vieux Continent. Ces requêtes d’aménagement religieux ne sont pas sans mettre au défi juges et législateurs. Elles interrogent le rôle de l’État dans la résolution de ces nouveaux enjeux et poussent plus largement la réflexion sur la place de la religion dans les sociétés occidentales contemporaines. Afin de répondre spécifiquement à ces demandes, les États-Unis et le Canada ont fait découler de la liberté de religion et de l’interdiction des discriminations en matière religieuse, un droit spécifique à obtenir l’ajustement des mesures générales, qui entrent en contradiction avec les croyances ou pratiques religieuses de leur population :l’«accommodement raisonnable». Face aux sollicitations d’ordre religieux qui touchent actuellement les pays européens, il y a, depuis quelques années, une mobilisation de ce concept juridique nord-américain – déjà intégré en Europe en matière de handicap – dans les sphères médiatique, politique et également scientifique. La thèse vise à éclairer le débat européen qui pose la question de l’intégration d’un tel droit sur la base des croyances religieuses ou philosophiques. En analysant la manière dont plusieurs États européens appréhendent certaines demandes d’aménagement religieux, sur la base des outils juridiques dont ils disposent (liberté de religion, interdiction des discriminations en matière religieuse), l’étude s’est efforcée d’évaluer le degré de circulation du concept d’«accommodement raisonnable» en matière religieuse dans l’espace normatif européen et, cela, en vue de porter un regard plus critique sur l’éventuelle reconnaissance de ce principe en Europe. Pour ce faire, il a été décidé de se pencher sur les ordres juridiques de trois pays (étude de cas) qui couvrent l’échelle des divers modèles européens de prise en compte des identités religieuses (Angleterre, France et Belgique) et de se centrer sur les requêtes qui se présentent le plus fréquemment et suscitent le plus grand nombre de questions (codes vestimentaires, agencement des horaires et des jours de congé, et objection à la réalisation de devoirs déterminés). Après avoir fait le constat, dans les trois États européens analysés, de degrés très différents d’appropriation de la logique au cœur de l’«accommodement raisonnable», la thèse a finalement pu révéler les difficultés de mise en œuvre et d’articulation des sources juridiques actuellement applicables et les soucis de cohérence que cela peut engendrer dans les sociétés européennes. Sans prôner l’adoption d’un concept juridique supplémentaire visant à répondre spécifiquement aux requêtes d’aménagement religieux, à l’image du concept nord-américain d’«accommodement raisonnable» – qui paraît peu probable, peu réaliste et même parfois inutile au vu de l’analyse effectuée dans chaque État et à l’échelon européen – la thèse privilégie une meilleure connaissance et une meilleure application des droits existants et de leurs implications (examen concret de la proportionnalité des atteintes à la liberté de religion, mobilisation du concept de discrimination indirecte), permettant de se conformer aux engagements européens et internationaux en matière de droits fondamentaux et de lutte contre les discriminations.<br>Doctorat en Sciences juridiques<br>info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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Boochard, Bonnie K. Foss. "The Company of Animals: a Nontoxic Approach." [Johnson City, Tenn. : East Tennessee State University], 2001. http://etd-submit.etsu.edu/etd/theses/available/etd-0402101-122123/unrestricted/boochard0419.pdf.
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GARREAU, PHILIPPE. "Mesure rapide d'antennes directives a l'aide d'un reseau de sondes place dans le plan focal d'une base compacte." Paris 11, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA112357.
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L'objectif de cette these est de demontrer la faisabilite de mesurer tres rapidement les antennes directives en explorant le plan focal d'une base compacte a l'aide d'un reseau de sondes. L'une des techniques traditionnelles preconise l'utilisation des bases compactes pour tester directement les caracteristiques de rayonnement en champ lointain des antennes. Cette technique offre de nombreux avantages mais elle necessite un mouvement mecanique des antennes a mesurer. La nouvelle technique proposee permet d'eviter ce mouvement mecanique et de reduire la duree de la mesure. Ce memoire etablit, dans un premier temps, le formalisme theorique demontrant l'interet de cette technique puis, dans un deuxieme temps, decrit la methode necessaire pour dimensionner une installation utilisant un arrangement base compacte/reseau focal. Dans un troisieme temps, une etude experimentale permet de montrer la faisabilite pratique. Les experimentations sont effectuees dans la base compacte de l'agence spatiale europeenne. Une antenne directive fonctionnant a 9. 24 ghz sert d'antenne de test pour toutes les mesures. Les resultats positifs obtenus permettent d'appliquer cette technique aux mesures d'antennes directives non-reciproques et cette derniere possibilite est traitee dans le memoire. Finalement, des perspectives interessantes de ce principe sont exposees
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Rainey, John William. "Space and Place in Business Intelligence: A Case Study of Starbucks Coffee Company in Central Ohio." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1337784621.
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Saarinen, Oiva. "Sudbury: A Historical Case Study of Multiple Urban-Economic Transformation." Ontario Historical Society, 1990. https://zone.biblio.laurentian.ca/dspace/handle/10219/288.
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Sudbury serves as a relevant historical case study of a settlement that has undergone
several transformations since its inception as a fledgling village in the latter part of
the nineteenth century. Though changes of this kind have been frequent in Ontario,
they have not normally happened to hinterland resource communities. This article suggests that Sudbury is unique in this regard, having evolved through five distinct stages: (I) a railway company village, (2) a colonial-frontier mining town and city, (3) a regional central-place, (4) a declining metropolis, and (5) a nearly selfsustaining community. The constant restructuring of Sudbury's society and economic base has been caused by a variety of external and internal forces, among which the "human dynamic" has been vital and ever present. The paper suggests that under certain circumstances a resource community can progress from a staples and boom-bust existence to a more sustainable urban economy based on local and regional influences.
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Unger, David S. "A Place of Work: The Geography of an Early Nineteenth Century Machine Shop." Thesis, Harvard University, 2013. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:10950.
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Between 1813 and 1825 the Boston Manufacturing Company built a textile factory in Waltham, Massachusetts. Their factory is known for many important firsts in American industry, including the first commercially viable power loom, one of the first vertically integrated factories, and one of the first join stock financed manufacturing concerns. This successful factory became the direct model for the large textile mills built along the Merrimack River and elsewhere, iconic locations of American post-colonial industrialization. This dissertation looks at the early development and success of the Boston Manufacturing Company from a geographical perspective. It argues that in order build a successful factory, the company, its managers, and its workers, had to transform their "place": a notion that I investigate from an economic-geographical and anthropological point of view, moving from site, to landscape, to geographic networks. On these grounds, I show how the logic of the factory's development was both embedded in and shaping the emerging structures surrounding it, and how, in turn, the company’s later move to Lowell as one of the iconic industrial sites depended on its having successfully learned the business of "place-making" in its foundational Waltham decade.<br>History of Science
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Diarra, Malick. "Les marchés au comptant et à terme du café sur la place de Paris : une analyse économique et financière." Orléans, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994ORLE0502.
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Face à l'inefficacité de l'accord international du café en tant qu'instrument de stabilisation des cours, les pays producteurs ont une alternative : intervenir sur les marches à terme. Les institutions financières ont pour fonction principale la gestion du risque de prix. Les marchés à terme sont aussi des organes d'information et ont un effet stabilisateur sur les prix au comptant. Si les pays en voie de développement producteurs de matières premières interviennent peu sur les marches à terme, c'est que ces institutions sont souvent assimilées à des lieux ou ne règne que la spéculation. A travers l'exemple du marché parisien des cafés robusta, nous analysons les principales fonctions des marchés à terme et l'intérêt que ces institutions peuvent représenter pour les opérateurs de la filière<br>The failure of the international coffee agreement to produce the desired price stability has encouraged the growth of a coffee futures market, of which the principal function is to provide a hedge against price risk. It also serves a s a relay for information and has a stabilizing effect on cash market prices. Producer countries participate little in futures transactions, which are frequently considered purely speculative. Taking the example of the Paris coffee market, the author analyzes the main functions of futures markets and their utility for industry participants
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Brink, Yvonne. "Places of discourse and dialogue : a study in the material culture of the Cape during the rule of the Dutch East India Company." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/22580.
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Bibliography: pages 221-235.<br>The main object of study in this thesis is the architectural tradition commonly known as "Cape Dutch". The aim is to make sense of this architecture by answering questions about its coming into being, the people who created it, and their reasons for doing so. Contrary to the suggestions of most existing works on Cape Dutch architecture, an earlier substantial form of domestic architecture, which resembled the town houses of the Netherlands, underlies the tradition. Analysis of existing literature, archaeological excavation, and inventories, indicates that gradual changes towards the basic traditional form during the first decades of the eighteenth century took a dramatic leap during the 1730s. Moving away from the shapes of the dwellings to the people who changed them involves a major theoretical shift, away from formalism towards poststructuralist theory: discourse theory, literary criticism, feminism. These frameworks enable me to identify contradictions underlying historical events; to deconstruct documents, thus revealing their rhetorical devices for constituting subjectivities and establishing social hierarchies; and to see the architecture as a body of works or texts - a discourse. From 1657 free burghers were given land to farm independently. These farmers were an anomalous group whose view of themselves no longer coincided with the lesser subjectivities structured for them by Dutch East India Company (VOC) documents. Together the latter constituted a discourse of domination against which the anomalous group, in the process of establishing new identities for themselves, developed a discourse of resistance. Since the VOC maintained a strict monopoly over the word, the discourse of discontent was manifested in other forms of inscription, most notably in free burgher architecture. Using a particular type of gender theory, it becomes possible to envisage the two discourses in conversation with each other. The theoretical component of the thesis involves, first, writing historical archaeology into the gaps of existing post-structuralist perspectives which were not designed for archaeology; second, demonstrating the two discourses at work in the practice of their everyday existence by the people concerned.
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Rostaing, Mathilde, and Mathilde Rostaing. "Étude comparative de la justice restaurative à travers la mise en place des rencontres détenus victimes en France et au Canada." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/38200.
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En France et au Canada, la justice restaurative a fait son apparition à travers le temps. Celle-ci est arrivée pour répondre aux insuffisances du système pénal actuel qui est un modèle punitif. Cette intégration a toutefois été plus rapide au Canada, par le développement de nombreuses mesures restauratives, dont la France s’inspire aujourd’hui. Il s’agit ici d’étudier l’opportunité d’intégrer les mesures restauratives, notamment les rencontres détenus victimes, au sein de l’arsenal de réponses pénales français, en étudiant leurs effets au Canada. Bien que les effets de la justice restaurative se voient sur les infracteurs, les victimes et la communauté, notamment grâce aux études menées au Canada et aux retours des rencontres détenus victimes expérimentées à la maison centrale de Poissy, son utilisation est encore sujette, en France, à de vives critiques, tant du côté de ses soutiens, qui souhaitent un développement plus rapide et plus efficace des mesures restauratives, que de ses opposants qui n’y trouvent pas une solution aux limites du système actuel.<br>En France et au Canada, la justice restaurative a fait son apparition à travers le temps. Celle-ci est arrivée pour répondre aux insuffisances du système pénal actuel qui est un modèle punitif. Cette intégration a toutefois été plus rapide au Canada, par le développement de nombreuses mesures restauratives, dont la France s’inspire aujourd’hui. Il s’agit ici d’étudier l’opportunité d’intégrer les mesures restauratives, notamment les rencontres détenus victimes, au sein de l’arsenal de réponses pénales français, en étudiant leurs effets au Canada. Bien que les effets de la justice restaurative se voient sur les infracteurs, les victimes et la communauté, notamment grâce aux études menées au Canada et aux retours des rencontres détenus victimes expérimentées à la maison centrale de Poissy, son utilisation est encore sujette, en France, à de vives critiques, tant du côté de ses soutiens, qui souhaitent un développement plus rapide et plus efficace des mesures restauratives, que de ses opposants qui n’y trouvent pas une solution aux limites du système actuel.<br>In France, as much as in Canada, restorative justice has emerged through time. It has been brought to light in order to respond to our current criminal judicial system which is based on punition. However, its integration has been way faster in Canada, through many different restorative procedures, rather than in France who is now trying to catch up. The aim of this study is to demonstrate the opportunity to integrate restorative procedures within the French criminal system, such as victim offender meetings, by studying their effects in Canada. The benefits of restorative justice have been shown on the offenders, as well as the victims and the community, namely through several Canadian studies and previous victim offenders meetings at Poissy’s penitentiary. However, its use is still being criticized in France as much by its followers who want a faster and better development of restorative procedures than by its opponents who don’t think it is an answer to our current criminal system.<br>In France, as much as in Canada, restorative justice has emerged through time. It has been brought to light in order to respond to our current criminal judicial system which is based on punition. However, its integration has been way faster in Canada, through many different restorative procedures, rather than in France who is now trying to catch up. The aim of this study is to demonstrate the opportunity to integrate restorative procedures within the French criminal system, such as victim offender meetings, by studying their effects in Canada. The benefits of restorative justice have been shown on the offenders, as well as the victims and the community, namely through several Canadian studies and previous victim offenders meetings at Poissy’s penitentiary. However, its use is still being criticized in France as much by its followers who want a faster and better development of restorative procedures than by its opponents who don’t think it is an answer to our current criminal system.
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Arzumanyan, Lusine. "La mise en place et le développement d'une communauté de pratique en innovation : le cas du Groupe SEB." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO30079/document.
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Cette thèse porte sur le processus de mise en place et de développement d’une communauté de pratique en innovation. Le terrain de recherche a été réalisé auprès du Groupe SEB, une multinationale française, spécialisée dans le domaine du petit équipement domestique. L'étude empirique, menée dans une perspective longitudinale, est fondée sur 63 entretiens semi-directifs, des observations et des documents internes. L’analyse réalisée met en exergue l’existence de quatre phases caractérisant la mise en place et le développement d’une communauté de pratique. Elle montre aussi la compatibilité des deux types de communautés identifiés dans la littérature : les communautés intentionnellement créées et les communautés émergentes. Les résultats obtenus révèlent que la dynamique de développement varie suivant le type de communauté. Ils soulignent notamment le rôle de l’animation active et ciblée comme un facteur clé influençant la dynamique de communautés de pratique intentionnellement créées. Les éléments de réponse apportés dans le cadre de notre recherche peuvent contribuer à une meilleure gestion des communautés de pratique et servir de guide pour d’autres organisations souhaitant utiliser ces structures sociales dans le domaine de l’innovation<br>This thesis focuses on the establishment and development process of communities of practice in the field of innovation. The field study has been conducted at the SEB Group, a French multinational company specializing in electrical appliances. The empirical study, developed from a longitudinal perspective, is based on 63 semi-structured interviews, observations and internal documents. The analysis indicates the existence of four phases that characterize the establishment and development of a community of practice. It also shows the compatibility of two types of communities identified in the literature: intentionally created and emerging communities. The obtained findings reveal that the dynamics of development varies according to the type of community. Furthermore, they highlight that active and effective coordination is a key factor influencing the dynamics of intentionally created communities of practice. The answers obtained in the context of our research can contribute to a better management of communities of practice and serve as a guide for other organizations that wish to deploy these social structures in the field of innovation
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Anim-Addo, Anyaa. "Place and mobilities in the maritime world : the Royal Steam Packet Company in the Caribbean, c. 1838 to 1914." Thesis, University of London, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.553837.
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The empirical subject of this thesis is the Royal Mail Steam Packet Company (RMSPC), a British-based steamship company that served the Caribbean from 1842, and extended operations into South America in 1851. I construct a postcolonial historical geography of the RMSPC as it operated in the 'expanded' post-emancipation Caribbean. By analysing the steamship service as a network rather than as a 'tool' of empire, I foreground the mobilities constructed by this Company, and explore how these mobilities impacted upon maritime places in the Caribbean. In so doing, I develop a 'tidalectic' approach to the RMSPC's past, by expanding upon Kamau Brathwaite's concept. I argue that tidalectics, in intersection with the 'new mobilities 'paradigm', contributes to an advance in understandings of maritime history, since together they facilitate mobile examinations of the relationship between sea and shore. To develop analysis of the RMSPC's maritime mobilities, four substantive case studies are presented. The first case study focuses on the RMSPC' s ports-of-call, as mapped by the scheme of routes. The second such chapter considers the steamship itself as place, particularly with reference to social and cultural dynamics. The coaling process is the focus of the third case study, and in the final chapter I add to the analysis the RMSPC's two main tourist routes through the Americas. The thesis proposes that steamship mobilities in many ways escaped and exceeded the original intentions of company directors and managers. As complex networks rather than straightforward imperial 'tools', steamship mobilities were subject to the influence of multiple places. In the case of the RMSPC, Caribbean influences overlooked in previous studies have been reconstructed and offered on the basis of archival research.
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Zoungrana, Mamounata Agnès. "La place de la victime dans le procès pénal, étude de droit comparé : droit burkinabé sous l'éclairage du droit international." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012STRAA006/document.
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Le droit international reconnaît deux droits fondamentaux aux victimes : le recours devant un tribunal et la réparation de leurs préjudices. Le recours devant un tribunal se décline en plusieurs droits : le droit d’accéder à un tribunal, le droit à l’information, le droit à l’avocat, le droit à être entendu dans la procédure. Le droit international recommande en outre, aux États de prendre des mesures pour assurer la protection des victimes et leur prise en charge. Au plan international, la création de la Cour pénale internationale et des juridictions communautaires participent,considérablement à la mise en oeuvre des droits reconnus aux victimes. Au niveau national, il existe une divergence de point de vue des législations des États, concernant le statut de la victime dans le procès pénal. Les pays de la Common Law reconnaissent généralement la victime comme témoin au procès pénal. Tandis que les pays de droit continental lui reconnaissent la qualité de partie civile. Cependant, la mise en oeuvre des droits des victimes reste une préoccupation importante dans tous les cas. Cette étude comparative laisse apparaître clairement que la place de la victime en droit burkinabé ne correspond pas à la dynamique de l’évolution entamée au plan international sur ce sujet. En effet, le Burkina Faso s’est doté, au lendemain de son indépendance, d’un Code de procédure pénale largement inspiré du droit français. Cependant, l’absence d’une véritable politique pénale prenant en compte les intérêts des victimes d’infraction limite la participation de ces dernières au procès pénal. La réparation des préjudices subis par les victimes n’est pas effective car l’auteur n’a pas souvent les moyens de payer et il n’existe pas de système d’indemnisation publique.L’absence d’alternatives au procès pénal classique est un autre point de faiblesse de la justice burkinabé. On retient également, une insuffisance des mesures visant à protéger les victimes. Quant à l’aide aux victimes, elle n’est pas assurée du fait de l’absence d’un programme étatique visant la prise en charge de leurs besoins. Du côté du milieu associatif, des initiatives existent, mais n’atteignent pas vraiment la grande majorité des victimes. Face à cette situation,nous avons jugé essentiel de proposer diverses pistes de solutions, parmi lesquelles les suivantes : le renforcement des droits des victimes dans les procédures classiques, l’amélioration du droit à la réparation des victimes, le recours à des programmes de justice restauratrice et la mise en place de mesures d’aide aux victimes<br>International law recognizes two fundamental rights for victims: the right to a court and the right to compensation of any loss. The right to a court includes the right of access to a court, the right toinformation, the right to legal representation and the right to a hearing. International law also recommends that States take measures to ensure the protection and support of victims. At the international level, the establishment of the International Criminal Court and other international bodies made a considerable contribution to the implementation of victims’ rights. At the nationallevel, there is a divergence of views between the laws of the States concerning the status of the victim in the criminal trial. Common-law countries generally recognize the victim as a witness at the criminal trial, whereas continental law countries accord the victim civil-party status. However,implementation of the rights of victims remains a major concern in all cases. This comparative study clearly shows that the role of the victim in Burkina Faso law does not correspond to the dynamics of the evolution begun at the international level on this subject. Although, following independence, Burkina Faso adopted a code of criminal procedure largely inspired by French law,the lack of any real criminal policy taking into account the interests of victims of offences means they have only limited rights of participation at the criminal trial. Reparation of damage suffered by victims is not effective because offenders often do not have the means to pay and there is no system of public compensation. The absence of alternatives to the classical criminal trial is another weakness of the criminal-justice system in Burkina Faso, as is the lack of measures to protectvictims. Likewise, assistance for victims is not assured because of the absence of a State program to support their needs. While initiatives are taken by community organizations, they do not really reach the vast majority of the victims. In this situation, we have found it essential to propose various possible solutions, including: strengthening the rights of victims in the standard procedures, improving the right to reparation for victims, using restorative justice programs an dimplementing measures of assistance for victims
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Morojele, N. I. "Nodal intensification strategy : evaluation of an analytical model in metropolitan Cape Town." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/3061.
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Thesis (MSc (Geography and Environmental Studies))--University of Stellenbosch, 2005.<br>The morphological form of South African cities is deemed inefficient and fragmented. Much of the current structure has been shaped by i) the political history of the country, with major influences from the colonial and apartheid eras; and ii) suburban sprawl influenced by the use of private vehicles. This presents obstacles to the sustainable and equitable development of our cities.
Since the 1990s, efforts have been made to change the development of the country in order to accommodate previously disenfranchised communities through processes of reconstruction and development. Among these efforts are policies and frameworks aimed at guiding the development and growth of cities. Among the many approaches that have been identified are land use strategies, with the central focus of promoting densification and intensification of urban development. Emphasis on densification in certain public transport corridors and decentralised nodes are in general regarded as urban restructuring elements necessary to transform South African cities into efficient and sustainable areas. However, analytical tools that can explore the possibilities and limits of public transport-orientated development are scarce at present.
The University of Utrecht in the Netherlands has developed an analytical model referred to as the node-place model, which can be used to profile nodes and to determine their (re)development potential. This study makes a contribution towards efforts to support the densification concept in general and nodal intensification in particular by applying the node-place model to a selection of railway stations in the Cape Town metropolitan area in order to identify appropriate land use developments to enhance their potential. The model was found to be a useful mechanism for comparing nodes within a transport system for purposes of informing decisions regarding how the nodes should be developed. However, the model requires more accurate and disaggregated data than is generally available for the Cape Town area.
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Kirton, Andrew William. "Discourse and power in the formulation of UK anti-file-sharing legislation : the place of recording company and music creator interests." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.569786.
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Throughout the history of 'music industry' in the UK at least, legislators have frequently been called upon to help establish and preferable (profitable) . . socio-economic maintain arrangements in the face of disruption following technological development. The history of copyright legislation can thus be read as one in which we see the gradual extension and expansion of rights III ways that enable the effective monetisation of practices afforded by technological development, and/or the restriction of those technologically afforded practices seen to be detrimental to existing profit accumulation strategies. The passing of the Digital Economy Act 2010 (c.24), which brings forward new anti-file-sharing measures, further illustrates the apparent capacity of music corporations to affect legislative action/change in this area. This thesis offers an account and analysis of the visible 'discursive' mechanisms via which recording companies and their representatives were apparently able to affect the specific direction of recent legislative action. The thesis demonstrates that music creators, as a distinct set of actors within the recording and broader music industry, were apparently unable to affect legislative change. The interests of creators were seemingly marginalised in the UK Government's legislative response to file-sharing. The thesis subsequently provides further important illustration of the way in which copyright laws are apparently being advanced and rationalised in line with corporate interests exclusively.
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Roberson, Jason Roscoe. "Use of compliant interbody force sensing grafts to compare load sharing properties of unidirectional and bidirectional multilevel dynamic translational anterior cervical plates." View the abstract Download the full-text PDF version, 2008. http://etd.utmem.edu/ABSTRACTS/2008-051-Roberson-index.htm.
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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 2008.<br>Title from title page screen (viewed on February 9, 2009). Research advisor: Denis J DiAngelo, Ph.D. Document formatted into pages (x, 62 p. : ill.). Vita. Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 35-36).
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Ndoye, Soukeynatou. "Politiques publiques de gestion des âges et transition vers la retraite : la place des compétences." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCB236.
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Cette thèse pose la question de l'allongement des vies professionnelles dans une société française vieillissante. Elle cherche à observer les conséquences des choix politiques à cet égard sur les conceptions de l'âge au travail et à la retraite, et sur les modes d'organisation des temporalités sociales. D'un point de vue théorique, la recherche s'inscrit dans la perspective du parcours vie et dans l'analyse cognitive des politiques publiques. Elle donne alors à voir un délitement des frontières entre travail et retraite, accentué par une atténuation des lignes de démarcation entre travail marchand et travail non marchand. On peut y voir en particulier les effets d'un processus de (re)mobilisation des compétences lors de la transition vers la retraite. D'un point de vue méthodologique, deux enquêtes ont été menées. La première a été conduite auprès des entreprises soumises à l'obligation de mener une négociation collective par le dispositif public du contrat de génération. Elle s'est intéressée à la manière dont cette réglementation a conduit ces entreprises à questionner et à ajuster leurs pratiques de gestion des âges, en particulier à l'égard de l'objectif visant à faire de la transmission des compétences un support des coopérations intergénérationnelles. La seconde enquête a porté sur l'étude de cas d'une association nationale de retraités et pré-retraités qui pratiquent le « bénévolat de compétences ». Elle a interrogé les motivations individuelles et collectives à l'égard de cette pratique et les enjeux qu'elle soulève sur leur rôle et leur positionnement dans la société<br>This research raises the question of longer working lives in an aging French society. It seeks to observe the consequences of political choices on the representations of age and on the organization of social temporalities. From a theoretical point of view, this research combines two dimensions: the life course perspective and the cognitive analysis of public policies. Results show a gradual disintegration of boundaries between work and retirement, accentuated by the attenuation of the demarcation lines between merchant and non-market work. In particular, this phenomenon can be seen as on of the effects of a process of (re) mobilization of skills during the transition from employment to retirement. From a methodological point of view, two surveys were conducted. The first was conducted with companies that were subject to collective negociation under the public framework of the "Contrat de génération". It was interested in how this law has led these companies to question and adjust their age management practices, particularly with regard to measures relating to the transfer of skills and intergenerational cooperation. The second survey focused on the specific case study of a national association of retirees and pre-retirees who practice "skills-based volunteering". It questioned individual and collective motivations underlying this practice and the issues it raise about their place in society
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Fernández, Gómez Elena. "Efecto de Trichoderma asperellum cepa T34 y compost en plantas de tomate frente estrés biótico." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/456379.
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En los últimos años se ha promovido el control integrado de plagas y enfermedades para reducir el uso de productos fitosanitarios de origen químico y su negativo impacto sobre el medio ambiente y la salud humana. Algunas cepas de Trichoderma spp. utilizadas como agentes de control biológico (ACB) y ciertos tipos de compost son capaces de mejorar la salud de las plantas. Esta tesis consta de 3 capítulos y su objetivo general es estudiar el efecto del ACB Trichoderma asperellum, cepa T34 (T34) y un compost de alperujo empleados como medios de cultivo en el crecimiento de plantas de tomate y frente a la enfermedad producida por el patógeno foliar Botrytis cinerea. En el Capítulo I se evaluó la inducción de resistencia en plantas de tomate cultivadas en compost de alperujo comparado con un sustrato mineral (perlita), sin inocular o inoculado con T34. La separación espacial entre B. cinerea y los microorganismos del compost o el ACB permitió evaluar fenómenos de inducción de resistencia. El compost de alperujo indujo el mayor control de la enfermedad (reducción del 60% de severidad); seguido de la perlita inoculada con T34 (reducción del 35% severidad), siendo la perlita un sustrato conductor de la enfermedad. La ruta SA /ABA estuvo implicada en la inducción de resistencia sistémica por el compost pero no por T34. Las plantas cultivadas en compost y en perlita inoculada con T34 mostraron un mayor crecimiento (biomasa y altura) comparadas con las crecidas con perlita. Los parámetros fisiológicos evaluados (estado hídrico, la relación raíz / brote, isótopos estables de C y la fluorescencia de las clorofilas) mostraron que las plantas cultivadas en compost estaban próximas a una situación de estrés sugiriendo una situación de euestrés. En el capítulo II se evaluaron los exudados de las plantas de tomate y su relación con la inducción de resistencia en perlita inoculada con T34 frente a B. cinerea. Las plantas de tomate infectadas con B. cinerea en las hojas indujeron un cambio en el patrón de secreción de los exudados radiculares, que incrementó los niveles de ácido glucónico y disminuyó los niveles de sacarosa e inositol. T34 desencadenó inducción de resistencia sistémica reduciendo la severidad de la enfermedad, y además, en las plantas de tomate infectadas con B. cinerea se mantuvieron las poblaciones de T34, mientras que éstas disminuyeron en las plantas no inoculadas con el patógeno. El ácido glucónico (misma concentración que en exudados) tuvo un efecto positivo en el crecimiento in vitro de T34. Estos resultados indicaron la existencia de una comunicación entre la hoja y la raíz que además comporta un aumento de las poblaciones de T34 y una reducción de severidad de la enfermedad. En el capítulo III se evaluó el efecto de la luz y la disponibilidad de nutrientes en el crecimiento de las plantas de tomate crecidas en perlita inoculada o no con T34, su efecto en la expresión génica de las plantas de tomate y su relación con la mejora del crecimiento. La presencia de T34 en la rizosfera indujo en las plantas cambios en la expresión de 64 genes (63 aumentaron y uno descendió). Las categorías de procesos biológicos respuesta a estrés, respuesta a estímulos y proteólisis se hallaron sobrerepresentadas en el conjunto de genes sobreexpresados. Estos cambios inducidos por T34 promovieron el crecimiento de las plantas en condiciones favorables (solución nutritiva completa y 300-400 μmol m-2 s-1 PPFD), y de manera similar podrían estar relacionados con la promoción del crecimiento a baja disponibilidad de nutrientes (dilución 1: 3 de la solución nutritiva completa) tanto a 60-80 como a 300-400 μmol m -2 s- 1 PPFD.<br>This thesis consists of 3 chapters. In Chapter I, we evaluated the induction of resistance in tomato plants grown in olive marc compost (OMC) compared to perlite, inoculated or not with Trichoderma asperellum strain T34 (T34). OMC induced the greatest control of Botrytis cinerea leaf infection (60%); followed by perlite inoculated with T34 (35%), being perlite a disease conductive substrate. The SA / ABA route was involved in the induction of systemic resistance by OMC but not by T34. OMC and perlite inoculated with T34 used as growth media increased plants growth. Some physiological parameters showed that plants grown in OMC were close to stress, suggesting a eustress situation. In Chapter II, we evaluated tomato plants root exudates and their relation with the induction of resistance in perlite inoculated with T34 against B. cinerea. Tomato plants infected with B. cinerea in leaves induced changes in the secretion pattern of root exudates, increasing gluconic acid levels and decreasing sucrose and inositol levels. T34 induced systemic resistance and reduced disease severity. Tomato plants infected with B. cinerea maintained T34 root populations, while T34 populations decreased in plants not inoculated with the pathogen. Gluconic acid (same concentration as in exudates) had a positive effect in the in vitro growth of T34. These results indicate the existence of leaf to root communication that also involves an increase in the populations of T34 and a reduction of disease severity. In Chapter III, we evaluated light and nutrient availability effect on the growth of tomato plants grown in perlite inoculated or not with T34, its effect in plants gene expression and its relation with growth improvement. T34 in the rhizosphere induced changes in the expression of 64 genes. The biological process terms response to stress, response to stimulus and proteolysis were enriched mong the 63 up-regulated genes. These changes promoted plants growth under favorable conditions (complete nutrient solution and 300-400 μmol m-2 s-1 PPFD), and similarly they could be related to growth promotion at low availability of nutrients (1: 3 dilution of complete nutrient solution) at both 60-80 and 300-400 μmol m -2 s -1 PPFD.
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Silva, Radamés Alves Rocha da. "As narrativas na mediação cultural: estudos de um caso no Prêmio Brasil Fotografia." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/27/27160/tde-27022014-154955/.
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A mediação entre a arte e o público, em espaços expositivos, alicerçada nas experiências desencadeadas pelas narrativas, define, o corpus da presente pesquisa e conduz este estudo no universo do ensino e aprendizagem da arte. A pesquisa analisa as atividades curatoriais e de mediação do Prêmio Brasil Fotografia - SP. Para resolvermos a problemática em questão, realizamos como caminho teórico estudos de um caso (André, 2005), fundamentados com base na história de vida (Josso, 2010), na memória empresarial (Nassar, 2007), nos prêmios corporativos para as artes (Wu, 2006), nos contos de tradição oral (Machado, 2004) e na interpretação da imagem fotográfica (Boris Kossoy, 2007, 2009, 2012). O texto propõe reflexões sobre a mediação cultural em espaços expositivos com base na experiência realizada na abertura da 10ª edição do Prêmio com a exposição \"Ensaio - Estrada Nova S/N\" do fotógrafo paraense Luiz Braga. Quatro elementos são essenciais neste trabalho: a formação de um acervo fotográfico,o espaço expositivo dentro da empresa, o olhar do fotógrafo e o trabalho do mediador.<br>The mediation between the art and the people in expository places, based on the experiences originated from narratives, defines the corpus of the current research and leads this study through the universe of the learning and the teaching of Arts. This research analyses the curatorial and mediation activities of The Brazil\'s Photography Prize\" - SP. In order for us to find a solution for the referred to subject matter, we used one of the cases (André, 2005) as a way of our theoretical studies, based upon a life story (Josso, 2010), a business memory (Nassar, 2007), the corporative prizes for arts (Wu, 2006), the tales of oral tradition (Machado, 2004), and also upon the interpretation of photographic images (Boris Kossoy, 2007, 2009, 2012). The text proposes some reflections over the cultural mediation in expository places based on the experience made in the opening of the Prize\'s 10th Edition with the exhibition named \"Essay - New Road No number\" by the photographer Luiz Braga from Pará state. Four elements were essential in the composition of this work: the formation of a new photo collection, the expository place in a company, the view of the ´photographer, and the work of the mediator.
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Caillet, Florence. "La fabrique des besoins sociaux : la place et les usages des besoins des familles dans la politique d'accueil des jeunes enfants en France." Thesis, Pau, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PAUU1003/document.
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Dans la vie sociale, les besoins sont regardés comme un préalable nécessaire à la définition d’un projet ou à la création d’un service. Pourtant s’ils apparaissent évidents, naturels, ils sont l’objet d’une construction sociale. Cette recherche se propose d’étudier le processus de fabrication des besoins sociaux dans la politique d’accueil des jeunes enfants en France en partant des questions suivantes : comment les besoins adviennent-ils sur la scène publique, dans quelle mesure sont-ils pris en considération, comment sont-ils exprimés ? Trois déterminants des besoins ont été au cœur de l’analyse : le politique, l’individu et le marché. Nous avons montré que les besoins sociaux reçoivent plusieurs formes de « mise en visibilité » pour exister publiquement mais que cette politisation aboutit partiellement à les faire reconnaître comme un vrai problème. Par ailleurs, la reconnaissance des besoins sociaux passe par leur transformation en une « demande sociale ». Dans le secteur de la petite enfance, cette expression est rendue difficile parce que la photographie des besoins qui ressort des enquêtes est très hétérogène, mais aussi en raison de l’existence d’une non-demande (le non-recours au service), et à cause des situations « d’imprévisibilité » dans lesquelles se trouvent les parents par rapport à leur mode d’accueil. Enfin, les besoins sont étroitement liés à ceux qui les couvrent. Dans le cadre du nouveau marché des crèches d’entreprise, un déplacement s’opère : les besoins des familles sont mis en arrière-plan au profit de ceux des entreprises et des collectivités financeurs et potentiels clients des services. Ceci étant, les entreprises de crèches continuent à faire exister les besoins des familles, autrement, de manière plus quantitative, notamment par les plates-formes de réservation de places et par la promotion de deux figures du parent, celle du « salarié-parent » et celle du « parent-prospect »<br>In social life, needs are considered as a necessary prerequisite to the definition of a project or the creation of a service. Though they seem obvious and natural, they result from a social construction. This research sets out to study the making process of social needs regarding child care policy in France from the following questions : how do needs arise on public scene, to what extent are they taken into consideration, how are they expressed ? Three determinative were at the heart of our analysis : politics, market and the individual. We have shown that social needs acknowledge several forms of “visibiliting” so as to exist on public scene but that actually this politicization partially succeeds in making them recognize as a real problem. On the other hand, the recognition of social needs goes through their transformation into one social request. In child care field, this expression turns out to be difficult, because the picture of the needs which emerge from surveys is very heterogeneous, owing to the existence of no-requesting (no-resorting to services), because of some situations of “unpredictability” in which parents cope with child minding. Finally, needs are closely linked to those who cover them. Within the context of the firm child care centres’ new market, a transfer has occurred : families’ needs have been relegated to the background to the profit of the firms and local communities’ ones :services’ financing and potential customers. Yet, market continues making families ‘ needs exist but differently, in a more quantitative way, in particular through child care centres’ websites and also by the promotion of both new faces of the parent : “salaried-parent” and “prospect-parent”
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Herculani, Rhadler. "Ritmo de trabalho no setor de costura em pequenas empresas de confecção." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/3584.
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Previous issue date: 2007-07-30<br>The objective of the dissertation is studying the pace of work in the sector of small sewing businesses of textile manufacturing. This sector has great socio-economic importance for Brazil, because of their economic contribution, as well as the quantity of jobs created. To achieve the proposed objective, was first performed a literature review on pace and organization of work, taking into consideration the factors that affect the pace of work in general, such as technology, training and motivation of staff, among others. Then, there was a review of the literature on small business, construction, highlighting its history, technology, industrial processes and general labor. The following are presented in 3 case studies of small businesses in construction, seeking to deepen the knowledge about factors that influence the pace of work. Finally, the study concludes the importance of human labor and industry of sewing, emphasizing that the pace remains influenced by good working conditions.<br>O objetivo da dissertação é estudar o ritmo de trabalho do setor de costura de pequenas empresas de confecção têxtil. Esse setor possui grande importância sócio-econômica para o
Brasil, devido a sua contribuição econômica, bem como pela quantidade de empregos gerados. Para atingir o objetivo proposto, primeiramente foi realizada uma revisão bibliográfica sobre ritmo e organização do trabalho, levando em consideração os fatores que afetam o ritmo de trabalho de uma maneira geral, como a tecnologia empregada, o treinamento e a motivação aos funcionários, entre outros. Depois, foi feita uma revisão da bibliografia sobre a pequena empresa de confecção, destacando a sua história, a tecnologia, os processos industriais e características gerais do trabalho. A seguir são apresentados 3 Estudos de Caso em pequenas empresas de confecção, buscando aprofundar o conhecimento sobre aspectos que influenciam o ritmo de trabalho. Por fim, o estudo conclui pela grande importância do trabalho humano e no setor de costura, enfatizando que o ritmo permanece influenciado por boas condições de trabalho.
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Jan, Naeem A. "Anomalous Nature Of Metamaterial Inclusion and Compact Metamaterial-Inspired Antennas Model For Wireless Communication Systems. A Study of Anomalous Comportment of Small Metamaterial Inclusions and their Effects when Placed in the Vicinity of Antennas, and Investigation of Different Aspects of Metamaterial-Inspired Small Antenna Models." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/16003.
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Metamaterials are humanly engineered artificial electromagnetic materials which produce electromagnetic properties that are unusual, yet can be observed readily in nature. These unconventional properties are not a result of the material composition but rather of the structure formed. The objective of this thesis is to investigate and design smaller and wideband metamaterial-inspired antennas for personal communication applications, especially for WiMAX, lower band and higher band WLAN applications. These antennas have been simulated using HFSS Structure Simulator and CST Microwave Studio software. The first design to be analysed is a low-profile metamaterial-inspired CPW-Fed monopole antenna for WLAN applications. The antenna is based on a simple strip loaded with a rectangular patch incorporating a zigzag E-shape metamaterial-inspired unit cell to enable miniaturization effect. Secondly, a physically compact, CSRR loaded monopole antenna with DGS has been proposed for WiMAX/WLAN operations. The introduction of CSRR induces frequency at lower WLAN 2.45 GHz band while the DGS has provided bandwidth enhancement in WiMAX and upper WLAN frequency bands, keeping the radiation pattern stable. The next class of antenna is a compact cloud-shaped monopole antenna consisting of a staircase-shaped DGS has been proposed for UWB operation ranges from 3.1 GHz to 10.6 GHz. The novel shaped antenna along with carefully designed DGS has resulted in a positive gain throughout the operational bandwidth. Finally, a quad-band, CPW-Fed metamaterial-inspired antenna with CRLH-TL and EBG is designed for multi-band: Satellite, LTE, WiMAX and WLAN.
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Jongens, Christina. "To what extent do the different social environments in Cape Town and Johannesburg influence the organisational culture of The Company in those places and how does this impact on the ways that black African managers navigate borders and negotiate identity in the workplace." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/11822.
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Includes bibliographical references (p. 80-85).<br>This dissertation attempts to give a better understanding of how the different social environments in Cape Town and Johannesburg influence organisational culture at The Company and how this impacts on the ways that black African managers navigate borders and negotiate identity in the workplace. The hypothesis of this study is that race and 'laid-backness' are key differentiating factors between The Company in Cape Town and in Johannesburg. This is a descriptive case study that mixes both quantitative and qualitative methods of data collecting and analysing data, however it is primarily a qualitative study. The study focuses on two branches of the same company. 43 out of a total of 138 black African managers were surveyed and 22 of these were interviewed. The selection was a good cross-section of all middle and senior black African managers, as well as from both genders. A questionnaire comprising of a 21-point values survey and a series of open-ended unstructured and structured questions was used in the quantitative data collection process. A semi-structured interview schedule was used in the qualitative data collection process. The qualitative data was analysed using Miles and Huberman's (2004) two-level coding process with the assistance of Nvivo and the quantitative data was analysed using descriptive statistics with the assistance of Statistica.
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Patel, Nisha. "Fast etableringsställe : Platsen för tillhandahållande av tjänster vid fasta etableringsställen i olika medlemsstater." Thesis, Jönköping University, JIBS, Commercial Law, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-11051.
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<p>Denna studie avser att besvara var mervärdesbeskattning sker, ur ett EG-rättsligt perspektiv, vid tjänstehandel till en beskattningsbar person med flera fasta etableringsställen i olika medlemsstater. Tjänsterna förvärvas vid den plats där den beskattningsbara personen har etablerat sätet för sin ekonomiska verksamhet men tillhandahålls den beskattningsbara personens olika fasta etableringsställen. Studien företas med anledning av <em>rådets direktiv (2008/8/EG) av den 12 februari 2008 om ändring av direktiv 2006/112/EG med avseende på platsen för tillhandahållande av tjänster (EUT L 44, 20.2.2008 s. 11-22)</em>.</p><p>Utgångspunkten för att besvara studiens syfte är huvudregeln i artikel 44 mervärdesskattedirektivets ändrade lydelse som träder i kraft den 1 januari 2010. Artikeln stadgar att platsen för tillhandahållande av tjänster till en beskattningsbar person ska vara den plats där denna person har etablerat sätet för sin ekonomiska verksamhet. Om tjänsterna tillhandahålls den beskattningsbara personens fasta etableringsställe, som är beläget på en annan plats än där denna person har etablerat sätet för sin ekonomiska verksamhet, ska mervärdesbeskattning ske där. Artikeln ger upphov till tolkningsproblem och behörighetskonflikter mellan konkurrerande stater, varför en enhetlig tolkning av begreppet <em>fast etableringsställe</em> erfordras. Tolkningsproblemen avser definitionen av ett fast etableringsställe och frågan när en tjänst kan hänföras till ett fast etableringsställe.</p><p>En utredning av EG-domstolens praxis visar att ett fast etableringsställe måste uppvisa en tillräcklig grad av varaktighet och en lämplig struktur avseende personella och tekniska resurser för att självständigt kunna tillhandahålla bestämda tjänster. Platsen där en beskattningsbar person har etablerat sätet för sin ekonomiska verksamhet är den primära anknytningspunkten. Hänsyn till en annan plats, till eller från vilket tjänsterna tillhandahålls, kommer endast i fråga om den primära anknytningen inte leder till en rationell lösning ur beskattningssynpunkt eller då en konflikt med en annan medlemsstat uppstår.</p><p>Slutsatsen är att mervärdesbeskattning vid tillhandahållande av tjänster till fasta etableringsställen i olika medlemsstater bör ske vid den plats där de fasta etableringarna är belägna. En sådan slutsats leder till en rationell lösning ur beskattningssynpunkt vilket medför att tjänsterna kan hänföras till de fasta etableringarna. Vid ett sådant fastställande tillgodoses den allmänna principen om att beskattning bör ske i konsumtionslandet. Slutligen tillgodoses det grundläggande syftet med artikel 44 mervärdesskattedirektivets ändrade lydelse vilket är att förhindra behörighetskonflikter och snedvridning av konkurrensen.</p>
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Hodge, Adam R. "Vectors of Colonialism: The Smallpox Epidemic of 1780-82 and Northern Great Plains Indian Life." [Kent, Ohio] : Kent State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=kent1239393701.
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Thesis (M.A.)--Kent State University, 2009.<br>Title from PDF t.p. (viewed March 3, 2010). Advisor: Kevin Adams. Keywords: Great Plains; Native Americans; Indians; smallpox; disease ecology; Northern Plains; epidemic; environment; climate; warfare; Sioux; Shoshone; Mandan; Arikara; Hidatsa; Crow; Cree; Assiniboine; Blackfoot; horse; firearm; Hudson's Bay Company; traders; fur. Includes bibliographical references (p. 196-203).
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Dias, Jorge Antonio. "O processo de criação e consolidação da primeira Companhia de Aprendizes Marinheiros do Brasil Imperial (1840)." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/20596.
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Previous issue date: 2017-12-14<br>O objeto que trata esta tese é o processo de criação e consolidação da primeira Companhia de Aprendizes Marinheiros do Brasil Imperial em 1840. No trabalho procuramos destacar os momentos históricos e políticos percorridos para que fosse criada a Companhia de Aprendizes discutindo e examinando esse processo com base nas diferentes ideias que permeavam as ações de diferentes Ministros da Marinha e as legislações específicas referentes à criação e regulamentação da Companhia. Procuramos desenvolver nesse trabalho a ideia de que as Companhias de Aprendizes foram fundamentais no processo, ainda que parcial e incompleto, de instrução e educação formal dos marinheiros iniciado em meados do século XIX. Servindo ainda para apontar as contradições históricas entre recrutamento e composição das praças; um relativo protagonismo dos Oficiais e Ministros da Marinha militares em diferentes momentos na formulação de uma conduta política institucional que colocasse em prática uma efetiva institucionalização e enfardamento para os marinheiros; uma instituição pública para jovens que pudesse fornecer educação, tão rara aos “indivíduos do comum”; e, por fim, a custódia e guarda desses jovens.<br>The thesis object is the creation and consolidation process of the first Imperial Brazilian Seaman's Apprentice Company in 1840. In this work we seek to detach the political and historical moments passed through in order to create the Seaman´s Company, discussing and examining the process based in the different ideas that permeated the actions from the different navy ministers and the specific legislations concerning the Company´s creation and registration. It was tried to develop in this work the idea that the Seaman´s Apprentice Company were, although partial and incomplete, instrumental in the process of formal instructing and educating of the seaman started in mid nineteenth century. It also serves to point out the historical contradictions between recruitment and composition squares, a relative prominence of Navy offices and Ministers different moments in the formulation of an institutional political conduct to put into practice and effective institutionalization and military uniformazing, a public institution for young people who could provide a public institution education, as rare to the “individuals of the common”; and, finally, the custody and protection of these young people.<br>L'objet mentionné dans cette thèse est le processus de création et de mise en place de lapremière société d'apprenants marins du Brésil Impérial en 1840. Dans ce travail, nouscherchons à mettre en évidence les moments historiques et politiques parcourus jusqu'àla création de la Société d'Apprenants en discutant et en examinant ce processus sur labase des différentes idées qui pénétraient les actions des différents ministres de laMarine et les lois spécifiques relatives à la création et à la réglementation de la Société.Nous cherchons à développer dans ce travail l'idée que les sociétés d'apprenants ontcontribué au processus, bien que l'éducation partielle et incomplète, l'instruction etl'éducation formelle des marins ont commencé au milieu du XIXe siècle. Le travail sertégalement à souligner les contradictions historiques entre le recrutement et lacomposition des soldats; un rôle relatif des dirigeants et ministres de la marine militairesà des moments différents dans la formulation d'une conduite politique institutionnelle demettre en place une institutionnalisation efficace et des uniformes pour les marins; uneinstitution publique pour les jeunes qui pourraient fournir de l'éducation, si rare parmiles « gens ordinaires »; et enfin, la garde de ces jeunes.
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Březovská, Markéta. "Model střídá model - Transformace Baťova průmyslového města Batanagar v Indii." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta architektury, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-233264.
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This thesis aims to contribute new knowledge to the debate on corporate urbanism. Generally, it seeks to identify the process and implications of globalization tendencies on the development of industrial and postindustrial cities while exploring the aspects that this specific production of space entails. Specifically it studies the case of the Baťa shoe company, whose model of an „ideal industrial town“, its production and export, has been one of the first examples of enforcement/implementation of corporate urbanism on a global scale. The 1930s model of the Indian enterprise city, Batanagar, is since 2006 being replaced by a new one: the model of a city-venture, in which the actual production of shoes is strictly separated from the new production of lifestyle. This model can today be found on the outskirts of large cities throughout the world, and especially in countries of the global south, where it clearly reflects the socio-economic transformation of the whole society, from a production driven, to a consumption driven society.
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Eklöw, Maria. "Gynnas aktörer från ett land utanför EU på den inre marknaden? : Vid tillhandahållandet av elektroniska tjänster." Thesis, Jönköping University, JIBS, Commercial Law, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-664.
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<p>Elektroniska tjänster utgör en stor del av marknadsekonomin i större delen av världen således även på den inre marknaden. Elektronisk handel, där elektroniska tjänster ingår, har under de senaste åren expanderat. U.S. Bureau of Census uppskattade att elektroniska tjänster genererat i drygt 600 miljarder kronor under år 2005. Det är en ökning med 24.6 % från föregående år. Statistiken visar endast handeln i USA, men ger ändå ett mått på den framfart som skett de senaste åren rörande elektronisk handel.</p><p>Inom gemenskapen har rådet fastställt en rad harmoniseringsregler, främst i det sjätte mervärdesskattedirektivet . I syfte att harmonisera de mervärdesskatterättsliga reglerna för att undvika en snedvridning av konkurrensen mellan aktörer etablerade i olika medlemsstater. Den inre marknaden är förvisso avsedd för aktörer etablerade inom EU, men man kan inte bortse från det faktum att även aktörer i tredjeland har tillträde till den inre marknaden.</p><p>För att utreda om aktörer från tredjeland gynnas framför aktörer etablerade i gemenskapen i tillhandahållande av elektroniska tjänster till icke skattskyldiga inom gemenskapen är bestämmandet av platsen av betydelse. Först fastställs om transaktionen faller inom ramen för artikel 2 i det sjätte mervärdesskattedirektivet. Där konstateras att mervärdesskatt skall betalas för tjänster som tillhandahålls inom landets territorium av en skattskyldig. För fastställande av ”landets territorium” hänvisas till artikel 3, se bilaga 4. Det andra steget är att konstatera om den som tillhandahåller tjänsten betraktas som skattskyldig enligt artikel 4.1, se bilaga 5 till uppsatsen. Är kriterierna i artikel 2 och 4 uppfyllda går man vidare till artikel 9 för bestämmandet av platsen.</p><p>Ursprungslandsprincipen och destinationslandsprincipen ligger till grund för bestämmandet av vilken stat som har beskattningsrätt, först fastställs omsättningslandet och därigenom platsen för tillhandahållandet. Destinationslandsprincipen och ursprungslandsprincipen kräver ett förtydligande. Från början tillämpades ursprungslandsprincipen för att nå den inre marknaden. Destinationslandsprincipen är den rådande men kommissionens långsiktiga mål är att gå över till ursprungslandsprincipen. Trots detta ändras i dagsläget regler för att passa destinationslandsprincipen.</p><p>Tillhandahållande av elektroniska tjänster existerade inte vid utformandet av det sjätte mervärdesskattedirektivet. Följaktligen saknades begreppet elektroniska tjänster i direktivet. Då rådet antog direktiv 2002/38/EG infördes begreppet elektroniska tjänster samt ett tydliggörande av vad som var att anse som platsen för tillhandahållande. Begreppsdefinitionen var dock inte uttömmande och rådet antog förordning 1777/2005 där elektroniska tjänster definieras både i förordningen samt tillhörande bilaga. Klassificeringen av elektroniska tjänster sker på samma vis oberoende av platsen för tillhandahållandet. Däremot skiljer sig bestämmandet av omsättningsland och platsen beroende på om en aktör är etablerad i en medlemsstat eller ej.</p><p>Innan direktiv 2002/38/EG antogs kunde aktörer från tredjeland undgå mervärdesbeskattning då de tillhandahöll elektroniska tjänster till icke skattskyldiga i gemenskapen. Rådets intention vid antagande av direktivet var att undanröja snedvridning av konkurrensen samt att tydliggöra reglerna om platsen för tillhandahållande i de fall då aktörer var etablerade i tredjeland.</p><p>Med direktiv 2002/38/EG antogs den regel som bestämmer platsen för tillhandahållande till den där aktören är registrerad. I samband med detta infördes den ordning vilken innebär att aktörer från tredjeland skall registrera sig för mervärdesskatt i en medlemsstat.</p><p>Även det fasta driftstället har betydelse för bestämmande av platsen. I vissa fall är det fasta driftstället att anse som platsen och i andra fall är huvudkontoret platsen för tillhandahållande. Begreppet fast driftställe nämns i artikel 9 i det sjätte mervärdesskattedirektivet, men ingen definition ges av vad som omfattas eller vilka kriterierna är. För att fastställa detta är man hänvisad till EG-domstolens praxis då inget uttömmande svar ges i direktiven. Gällande elektroniska tjänster och inkomstskatterätt kan i vissa fall en server utgöra ett fast driftställe, det är inte möjligt inom mervärdesskatterätten.</p><br><p>Electronic commerce constitutes a big market economy in the world, therefore also in the internal market. Electronic commerce, which includes electronic services, has expanded in the past years. In the end of year 2005, the U.S. Census Bureau estimated the total U.S. electronic commerce sales at $ 86.3 billion. This featured a 24.6 percent increase from the previous year 2004. Even though this is U.S. statistics, it gives a view of how electronic commerce has expanded the last years.</p><p>Within the internal market, the Council of the European Union constituted a number of regulations on harmonisation, mainly in the Sixth VAT Directive . The purpose of harmonising the VAT regulations is to prevent distortion of the competition between suppliers established in the European Union. The internal market is intended for the suppliers established in the European Union, nevertheless suppliers from the countries outside the European Union have access to the internal market. The place of supply is of importance to investigate if a supplier from a country outside the European Union is in favour before a supplier established within the European Union in supply of electronic services to persons non-liable to tax.</p><p>To investigate whether or not a supplier from a country outside the European Union benefit before suppliers established within the internal market the place of supply is of significance. The first question that arises is whether the transaction falls within the scope of article 2. Article 2 establishes that the subject to value added tax is the supply of services affected for consideration within the territory of the country by a taxable person. Article 3 es-tablishes the territory of the country, see attachment 4. The second step to clarify is if the person supplying the services is liable for tax according to article 4, see attachment 5. If the criteria for article 2 and 4 are satisfied the next step is article 9 and to establish the place of supply.</p><p>To define the country with the right to tax, the establishment of the place of supply leads to the place of transaction. The principle of destination and principle of origin need to be explained. From the beginning, the Commission applied the principle of origin to reach the single market. In spite of the fact that the Commission’s long-term goal is to apply the principle of origin, rules are constantly changed to be applicable on the principle of destination.</p><p>The supplying of electronic services did not exist when the Sixth VAT Directive was proposed. Therefore the concept of electronic services is not defined in the directive. When the Council of the European Union approved Directive 2002/38/EC , the concept of electronic services was classified and it was also made clear what is established as the place of supply. Notwithstanding the concept was not exhaustive and the Council of the European Union approved the regulation 1777/2005 in which electronic services are defined further, both in the regulation and in the attachment belonging to the regulation. The classifications of electronic services are independent of whether the supplier is established in a Member States or country outside the European Union. The place of supply depends on if the supplier is established in a Member State or outside the European Union.</p><p>Before directive 2002/38/EC, a supplier from a country outside the European Union could escape value added tax when supplying services to non-liable tax persons. The Council of the European Parliaments intention to lay down the directive was to set aside dis-torted competition and to clarify the rules of the place of supply in situations when a sup-plier is established in a country outside the European Union.</p><p>With directive 2002/38/EC the rule that decides the place of supply to the one where the supplier are registered were taken into force. In relation to that, a regulation was introduced where suppliers from a country outside the European Union shall register for value added tax in a Member State.</p><p>The permanent establishment is of certain significance to establish the place. In some situations, a permanent establishment is considered as the place of supply and in others it is the head office. The classification of a permanent establishment is mentioned in article 9 in the Sixth VAT Directive but there is no definition of what it comprises or the criteria. To in-vestigate what a permanent establishment is one is referred to go through the European Court of Justices case-law. In income tax, there are situations when a server can constitute a permanent establishment, which is not possible in value added tax.</p>
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Jurák, Vítězslav. "Novostavba farního kostela v Brně-Líšni." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-227828.
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This diploma thesis, called „Parish church, Brno-Líšeň“, is compiled as documentation for building construction. There is one complex building situated in slope. Therefore it consists of one partly underground floor and first floor. It is divided into three sections. Central part is designed as round-shaped body of the church with tower in the southern part of the church. Shed roof has an angle of 7° for body and an angle of 13° for tower. From the western side there is an administrative area connected to the church and from eastern side there is a community area which is supposed to be used as residential premises. Roof of both these parts is constructed as flat vegetative roof. Structural design is systemic, Velox. Foundation construction combines concrete and ferro-concrete belts and footing.
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Šámalová, Daniela. "Dům krátké cesty." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-354940.
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The assigned territory is situated in the City of Brno, in the city district of Židenice. From the west it is limited by the railway track Brno-Židenice, from the east by Koperníkova Street, from the north by Lazaretní Street and finally from the south by Bubeníčkova Street. Its area is approximately 45, 480 m2 which is 4,55 ha. From the urban perspective it is an intensive development in a separated block of the city with a protection zone. Total area is permeated by a few lines for pedestrians. The pedestrian zone provides better permeability of the area and better accessibility of the trade parterre. The buildings connect to surrounding development and respect the density of the integrity of the area. Intensive housing structure is regarded as "the city of short distance". The achievement of high density of housing development combines lots of various functions and relatively small built-up surface. While high-quality environment is preserved, people can find job oportunities in the intensive housing development without the need for transport. For achievement conception of compact city applies space urban planning. The shape of the estate directly impacted the principle of the proposal together with the city planning context of the current buildings. In the protective zone there is established a huge park with water reservoirs. The walk-through trade parterre is filled with many various functions, on its walkable roof is created a semi-public zone with skylights and freely introduced verdure. On the walkable roof there are independent blocks of apartments and public facilities. In the northern and southern corner are located public-service utilities and in the middle of this area there is a nursery and a kindergarden. In structural terms the building it is about cast-in-place concrete reinforced frame based on a white concrete foundation which has one underground level and five above-ground levels.
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Novotný, Ladislav. "Návrh vytvoření a ověření produktu oceňovacího nástroje pro IS SAP v oblasti finančního řízení." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-399867.
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Kvasnička, Karel. "Mobilní zdroje elektrické energie." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-413211.
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CHEN, PO-LI, and 陳柏荔. "Thermal Optimal Design for Compact Cold Plates in Electronics Cooling Applications." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/13561421757991613673.
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博士<br>國立清華大學<br>動力機械工程學系<br>95<br>A series of thermal analyses with an effective thermal network method on heat transfer and flow friction characteristics of compact cold plates with discrete two-dimensional/three-dimensional electronic packages mounted on a multi-layer structure have been performed. Comparisons between the predicted thermal performance of discrete two-dimensional/three-dimensional electronic packages mounted on a multi-layer structure without or with compact cold plates by the present developed thermal analyzer and existing data have been made with satisfactory agreements. A series of parametric studies on thermal performance for discrete two-dimensional/three-dimensional electronic packages mounted on a multi-layer structure without and with compact cold plates have been explored, respectively.
In addition, a systematical design optimization method with the Response Surface Methodology and Sequential Quadratic Programming techniques for performing the thermal optimization of compact cold plates with discrete two-dimensional/three-dimensional electronic packages mounted on a multi-layer structure under multiple constraints has been successfully developed. First, a statistical method for the sensitivity analysis has been performed to determine the critical factors of the design; and a response surface methodology has been applied to establish a series of performance correlations in terms of the design factors with a well-organized design of experiments. By employing the gradient-based numerical optimization technique, a series of globally optimal designs have been efficiently performed. With the developed design optimization method, two applications for thermal optimization of compact cold plates with discrete two-dimensional/three- dimensional electronic packages mounted on a multi-layer structure under multiple constraints have been systematically explored. They are (1) thermal optimal design for compact cold plates in CPU cooling and (2) thermal optimal design for compact cold plates in multi-layer PCB cooling.
Furthermore, two novel interactive and user-friendly thermal optimal computer-aided design systems, which are composed of pre-processor, thermal network analyzer, optimizer, post-processor and user interface for automatically predicting the optimal thermal performance for generalized compact cold plates in CPU cooling and in multi-layer PCB cooling have been successfully developed. In the pre-processor, a user-friendly interface has been constructed to collect the required data for the thermal analyzer and optimizer. A thermal analyzer for compact cold plates with discrete two-dimensional/three-dimensional electronic packages mounted on a multi-layer structure has been successfully established by using an effective thermal network method. Corresponding to the presented design optimization method, the design optimizer has been established with the functions of conducting the design of experiments, automatically constructing response surface models, and then performing numerical optimization. After obtaining the optimal design, the real-time three-dimensional model, predicted color isotherms, and all the predicted performances have been displayed in the developed post-processor to provide a direct communication between user and computer. With the present developed thermal optimal computer-aided design systems, the optimal thermal design applied to generalized compact cold plates under multiple constraints with either a minimum thermal resistance or a minimum pressure drop/mass in CPU cooling and in multi-layer PCB cooling have been effectively performed. The superiority of the developed thermal optimal computer-aided design systems has been demonstrated.
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Ye, Qiao-Ling, and 葉巧齡. "Multimedia Thermal CAD Package for Electronics Multilayer Structures with Compact Cold Plates." Thesis, 2001. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/09244142932161991383.
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碩士<br>國立清華大學<br>動力機械工程學系<br>89<br>A new user-friendliness multimedia thermal CAD system for thermal design of electronics multilayer structures integrated with a compact cold plate has been successfully developed on Microsoft Windows 98 system. New multimedia technologies, such as voice helper, graphical illustrations, and animated Graphics Interchange Format, employed in the present developed CAD system provide a very friendly and interactive interface for users. The fundamental design concepts for the developed pre-processor, thermal analyzer, and post-processor on Microsoft Windows 98 system are introduced. The developed pre-processor includes six options such as the selections of heat sources, multilayer structure, cold-plate core, working fluid, ambient conditions, and current data. In addition, an improved thermal analyzer has been successfully developed. It can deal with the thermal design problem for compact cold plates coupled with an N-layer structure (N > 4), which has arbitrary asymmetric heating loads. Based on an improved algorithm for drawing isotherms, an interactive post-processor has also been successfully developed on Microsoft Windows 98 system. Finally, the integration of multimedia thermal CAD system for multilayer structures with compact cold plates has been achieved. With the developed thermal CAD system, practical thermal design cases for multilayer structures integrated with compact cold plates have been performed. The superiority of the present developed CAD system has been demonstrated in the present study.
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Delmoral, Vanessa Condesso. "Otimização de sistemas de desinfeção da Mistolin Company." Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/28142.
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No que diz respeito à desinfeção de equipamentos industriais, embora seja um assunto já abordado por alguns autores, na prática não existem muito dados sobre situações reais (o melhor processo, o melhor desinfetante, o tempo de contacto ideal, as condições ótimas, etc.) em particular para indústrias de fabrico de produtos de limpeza, como a Mistolin Company. Por este motivo esta dissertação teve como objetivo possibilitar uma melhor adequação dos métodos de desinfeção, de modo a permitir uma redução da probabilidade de contaminação do produto final. Para tal foram identificadas as informações atualmente disponíveis no que se refere à higienização de equipamentos industriais, tais como procedimentos, contaminantes e avaliação de grau de contaminação e legislação aplicável. Após acompanhamento e monitorização do procedimento de produção da fábrica em estudo e dos seus ciclos de higienização, foram realizadas análises microbiológicas. Por fim foi realizado um diagnóstico e foram propostas soluções. Para a higienização de equipamentos como depósitos de armazenamento e algumas linhas de enchimento foram implementadas alterações no procedimento de desinfeção. Sugeriu-se também o desenvolvimento de estudos adicionais para a adequação de parâmetros como a concentração da solução desinfetante.<br>Regarding the hygienization of industrial equipments, although it is a subject already addressed by some authors, there is not much data on actual situations, in particular for cleaning products industries, such as the Mistolin Company. For this reason, this dissertation aimed to enable a better adequacy of disinfection methods, in order to reduce the likelihood of contamination of the final product. To this end, the information currently available regarding the hygiene of industrial equipment, such as procedures, contaminants and evaluation of the degree of contamination and applicable legislation was reviewed. Microbiological analyses were carried out after monitoring the production procedure of the factory under study and its hygiene cycles. Finally, a diagnosis was made and solutions were proposed. For the sanitization of equipment such as storage deposits and some filling lines, alterations in the disinfection procedure were implemented. It was also suggested the realization of additional studies for the adequacy of parameters such as the concentration of the disinfectant solution.<br>Mestrado em Biotecnologia
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郭景宜. "Real-time interactive thermal CAD system for 3-D multilayer strustures with compact cold plates." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/34139045637167935003.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>國立清華大學<br>動力機械工程學系<br>91<br>A novel 3-D real-time animated thermal CAD system for electronics multilayer structures having interfacial contact resistances integrated with a compact cold plate has been successfully developed on Microsoft Windows 2000 system. The thermal CAD system is composed of pre-processor subsystem, thermal analyzer, post-processor subsystem and relevant user interfaces and databases. The fundamental design concepts for the developed pre-processor, thermal analyzer, and post-processor are introduced. The developed pre-processor has six options such as the selection of heat sources, multilayer structures, cold-plate core, working fluid, ambient conditions, and current data. The effect of thermal contact resistance between contact solids has been considered in the thermal analyzer. In addition, a new set of curve-fitting correlations related to the dimensionless pumping power factor (F) and heat transfer performance factor (J) have also been installed in the analyzer. The post-processor can interactively generate real-time color isotherms on the heated surface of 3-D cold-plate model. Furthermore, new multimedia technologies with OpenGL libraries, such as graphical illustrations and real-time 3-D visualization, employed in the present developed CAD system provide a very friendly and interactive interface for users. To explore the parameters and conditions influencing thermal performance, a series of parametric studies have been systematically performed. The parameters and conditions explored include the size and heat dissipation rate of heat sources, the first-layer material of multilayer structures, contact conditions between multilayer structures, type of core configuration, coolant properties and type of convection at external ambient. With the developed thermal CAD system, three practical thermal design cases for multilayer structures integrated with a compact cold plate have been studied. The superiority of the developed CAD system has been demonstrated.
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Ping, Lin Chang, and 林昌平. "Surveillance in the working place : a case of securities company." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/71403688443562171883.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>國立暨南國際大學<br>公共行政與政策學系<br>96<br>The society continuously develops and advances along with the technology. The technical product had also innovating day after day. Besides the price has getting parity, the aspect that can be used is more and more extensive for the common people. The technical development most comes from people's demand. However, the people enjoys the advance in technology at the same time, how follow with technical tidal current development and doesn’t cause oneself to limit? Development of the computer and internet network, although let the people experience of “ends of the earth like another neighbor, world global village”. But while this; it has also strengthened indifferently between people and people. Maybe you could chat with the strange Friend of overseas, but you don't know your neighbor. Such situation always performed in each big city every day.
As front statement, the technical invention is due to the people's needing. So that “the electronic surveillance equipment” just arises at the historic moment, became a good partner of "good-neighborliness" for the modern. And as the monitor always obtain success in crime cases. Each village neighborhood magistrates also will set up the monitor regards as the necessary public equipment. Until today, the monitor set up everywhere in Taiwan street. The people have already been accustomed to and think it’s a excellent tool for against crime.
However, the things always have two sides of one coin. Although the monitor equipment really making the achievement in some aspect. But as time flew, its drawback also gradually appears. Except setting up the equipment didn't have careful consideration at that time and bring the problem of unable to maintain the equipment. Another potential problem－Individual's Private Right, has been growing and let everyone pay attention to this subject.
Although the monitor equipment that effective assistance police to detect crime and also doesn't strikes by the climate or personal factor. However, in order to maintain the social safety and crime-fighting; these equipments are installed in large. Could it be said that won’t influence the people? In the social environment which the all-pervasive monitor equipments, the personal right of privacy has already all gone. And such the state is expanded and to the domestic companies each. Each companies for the “protection the business secret of company” and “ensure the personal security of worker”, install the monitor equipments on the inside of the company step by step. Meanwhile the type isn't only limit in traditional monitoring equipment, include the control that e-mail, telephone voice message, internet network, etc. Among them use most with financial circles.
Maybe the financial circles involves to the huge fund, also take on heavy responsibilities of national financial safety and the social stability. Therefore all procedure also must monitor strictly and controlled. The worker in this environment, with the reasons of maintains company profit, national profit and takes the entire situation…etc, and then disregard them basic right.
The worker doesn’t know how to protect one’s own rights and interests in good time. Maybe the legal concepts for them are very poor, or they worry becoming “the blacklist” under company. Besides, our country hasn’t offered powerful law Enforcement and superintendent sector, to let the securities broker company keep surveillance under working space to be legalized finally.
So that, domestic staff of securities broker company should strengthen the legal protection concept by himself since, then protect their rights (especially right of privacy) doesn't to be encroached. The management also should pay more attention to the worker's rights, and not just take the company profit to heart. In addition, the national supervision and law Enforcement sector must be strengthened at the same time, only so could ensure the worker’s basic and right of privacy effectively and contribute to our country for the human rights building and constructing.
Finally, it is discussed how to solve and deal with the working space problem of monitoring effectively, by reducing the emergence of the problem of dispute between workers & employer substantially, then establish the good relation between workers & employer. All these are very urgent subjects now. How to effectively reach the win-win goals for the country and both sides of workers & employer, this one is worth thinking deeply. In view of this, I have put various countries in order and described documents of the privacy right in the article herein. Besides, add the real case to analyze, and then merge the contents that relevant staff deepen interview. Regard one as the reference that the contemporary policy is compiled.
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Паньшина, Д. А., та D. A. Panchina. "Международная миграция как фактор формирования этнических анклавов : магистерская диссертация". Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10995/77617.
Full textAbstract:
Магистерская диссертация посвящена исследованию вопросов формирования этнических анклавов мигрантского типа на принимающей территории. Актуальность данной темы исследования обуславливается тем, что потоки трудовых мигрантов и членов их семей в современную Россию увеличиваются, стимулируя процессы анклавизации. Это является крайне нежелательным явлением для принимающего общества и самих мигрантов, препятствуя их интеграции в российское общество. В работе выявлены и проанализированы негативные последствия процессов анклаватизации на территориях мегаполисов. Научная новизна исследования заключается в разработке методики оценки миграционно привлекательных территорий мегаполиса, которая включает в себя выбор показателей и критериев оценивания, разработку больной системы и ранжирование микрорайонов. Основой для выделения критериев оценки миграционно привлекательных микрорайонов служит анализ научных источников и экспертный опрос специалистов, занимающихся вопросами миграции. Уровень степени согласованности мнений экспертов оценен посредством расчета коэффициента вариации и коэффициента конкордации (коэффициент Кендалла). Также в магистерской диссертации разработан и апробирован подход к оценке процессов аклаватизации через изучение численности детей-мигрантов в школах города. Для сбора эмпирических данных в работе активно применяются ГИС-технологии. Предложенная методика апробирована на данных г. Екатеринбурга. Магистерская диссертация представляет интерес для лиц, занимающихся вопросами международной миграции, и может быть полезно для формирования инструментов проведения миграционной политики и развития городской среды.<br>This Master's dissertation is dedicated to a research of forming of migration type ethnical enclaves in a host region. Relevance of this topic is determined by the fact of increased flow of migrant workers and their families in modern Russia stimulates the process of enclavisation. This is highly undesirable fact for locals in the host region and for migrants themselves, because of their difficulties with integration in Russian society. There were been discovered and analysed negative consequences of enclavisation process in the territories of metropolises. Scientific novation of this research is a development of methods which can be used to assess migratory attractive areas of metropolis. These methods include a selection of indicators and criteria of assessment, development of bigger system and ranging of microdistricts. To emphasize criteria of assessment of migratory attractive areas there is a basis - an analysis of scientific origins and an expert survey of specialists, who are involved into research of migration issues. Measure of coherent experts' views is assessed by calculation of variations and concordance multipliers (Candall multiplier). Also in this Master's dissertation there is a method of aclavatization processes assessment through a research of migrants' children in city schools was developed and tested. GIS-technologies are actively used to gather empirical data. Offered methods were tested at Yekaterinburg city data. Specialists who are involved into a work on international migration may be interested in this Master's disseration, which may be useful also for migratory policy and development of city environment.
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Duchon, Philippe. "Combinatoire des configurations de boucles compactes." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00414805.
Full textAbstract:
On s'intéresse dans ce mémoire à la riche combinatoire des configurations de boucles compacte (ou FPL, ou matrices à signes alternants, ou orientations eulériennes d'une grille). Sont en particulier abordées les questions d'énumération et les liens avec l'énumération de partitions planes, les conjectures à la Razumov et Stroganov, et la génération aléatoire exactement uniforme de configurations satisfaisant des conditions arbitraires de symétrie.
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WANG, MENG-HAN, and 王夢涵. "Expanding Marketing Place and Branding Promotion Strategy of S Company Case Study." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/bfn95g.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>崑山科技大學<br>企業管理研究所<br>107<br>This case study explores the relationships between the place marketing and branding promotion strategy of Singfujia Real Estate. Building strong brands is one of the most important goals of product and brand management (Esch, Langner, Schmitt, & Geus, 2006). Brand is defined in terms of the marketing effects uniquely attributable to the brand, brand arises motivation to improve productivity, given higher costs, greater competition (Keller, 1993). Building an image is a part of the place marketing process (Luminita, 2018). Strategic places must attract stakeholder, resident and business owners (Braun, 2012). Place marketing starts from one perspective with the latter leading to conceptual approaches (Lucarelli & Berg, 2011). The results show that companies can optimize the Singfujia Real Estate brand by the relation between place.
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Lin, Hou-fang, and 林后芳. "The effects of placees on operating performance and value of private placement company." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/b5e6fp.
Full text
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Liao, Kuo-Liang, and 廖國良. "A Thermal Image abnormal place search system using human body symmetry compare method." Thesis, 1999. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/83927897508054689388.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>國立成功大學<br>電機工程學系<br>87<br>Due to the human body temperature symmetry property, using thermal image to identify abnormal place is possible, we can be able to find out the abnormal place by comparing the difference of base temperature and local temperature. The difference of temperature can be achieved by subtracting the thermal image. Usually Symmetry and asymmetry are two methode is use to find out the abnormal place. In asymmetry method, is subtracting from different timing image. And in symmetry method, due to the symmetry of human body. We first suppose one side of human body is normal, simply by subtracting another side, then we can have the result. Because the result of asymmetry is getting from subtraction of different timing image, it might have very huge error. However, but in symmetry method does not have this weakness, so I recommend the Symmetry Method in this thesis.
This thesis proposes the Symmetry Compare method to find out the symmetry axis of Thermal Image. From this symmetry axis, we can be able to find out the abnormal place by using the image process method. Since the noise for Thermal Image is too huge, to be able to remove the noise and keep the edge, this thesis makes some modification on “Adaptive Median Filter”. So that we can be able to reach the better result of remove the noise.
To be able to approve and certificate the method, this thesis provides the programs of user interface which contains the windows for viewing the diagrams. Including the Image Detecting, the Edge Testing, and the Symmetry Compare Method that I proposed in this thesis, I also designed a physical information showing method. It will provide the convenience for user to test or analyze the result of image.
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Zwarts, Marnel. "The residence definition within the framework of the headquarter company regime in the context of investment into Africa / Marnel Zwarts." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/12231.
Full textAbstract:
Since the declaration of South Africa as the Gateway to Africa in 2010 by National Treasury,
various changes have been made to South African legislation to make South Africa more
attractive to foreign investors looking to expand their operations into Africa. The headquarter
company regime was introduced with the purpose to provide a base from which these
investments may be managed.
From a tax perspective this regime eliminates or reduces specific taxes or rates of taxes for
companies who elect to be classified as headquarter companies, provided that certain
requirements are met. These requirements refer specifically to investments in qualifying foreign
companies. The reference to foreign companies inevitably requires that the resident definition
be considered.
In South Africa residence of a person other than a natural person is the place where the
company is incorporated, formed or established or the place of effective management which is a
term subject to various interpretations. Regardless of the differences, all the interpretations refer
to a senior level of management. Foreign incorporated companies with their place of effective
management in South Africa are excluded from the definition should they qualify as controlled
foreign companies with foreign business establishments subject to a high level of tax if the place
of effective management is disregarded.
The lack of skills in African countries as a product of shortfalls in the quality of education result
in challenges to establish appropriately skilled management teams in these countries. When a
centralised management team is set up at the headquarter company in South Africa the African
subsidiaries risk being resident in South Africa and therefore the structure would not qualify for
the benefits of the headquarter company regime.
Further challenges arise when the exclusion to the resident definition is applied as shares held
by a headquarter company are disregarded when the controlled foreign company status of the
subsidiaries are determined. Therefore it is recommended that the headquarter company
legislation be changed to correspond with successful regimes such as the Luxembourg and the
Netherlands in that it does not only apply to foreign investment. It is further recommend that the
resident definition be changed to exclude from the place of effective management test group
structures that would comply with section 9I should the test be disregarded.<br>MCom (South African and International Tax), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014
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Andreou, Antonia. "The difficulities of determining whether a permanent establishment has been created by the presence of a foreign company." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/15173.
Full textAbstract:
Information technology is a driving factor in the process of globalisation. Improvements in the
early 1990s in computer hardware, software and telecommunications greatly increased people’s
ability to access information. (The Levin Institute, 2013).
Globalisation is not a new concept however the pace of integration of national economies and
markets has substantially increased in recent years (OECD, 2013e: 7). It can be argued that
‘globalisation’ began with Christopher Columbus and Vasco da Gama (O’Rourke and
Williamson, 2000), but the term has only been in existence since the 1960s (Jeffery, 2002).
It can be said that information technology has been the most recent major catalyst for global
integration (The Levin Institute, 2013) which has enabled globalisation to change the way in
which companies do business (PWC, 2013a).
In relation to the globalisation of the world’s economies, the concept of ‘a permanent
establishment’ has gained significant importance worldwide, due to the direct impact on the tax
revenue generated (Nayyar, 2010).
In the current era of cross-border transactions and the increase in international trade and
commerce among nations, there is a continuous movement of human capital across borders. One
of the most significant results of globalisation is the noticeable impact of one country’s domestic
tax policies on the economy of another country. Double taxation has an adverse effect on trade
and services. Taxation of the same income by two or more countries (juridical double taxation)
would constitute an unfair burden on the taxpayer. (Aimurie, 2013). Many countries agree that in
order to eliminate double taxation, a base of clear and predictable international tax rules must be
applied in order to give certainty to both governments and businesses (OECD, 2013e: 7).
Hence the question of taxing rights is created. The possibility of creating a permanent
establishment in a jurisdiction by a company or its employees or an agent arises as well as the
taxing rights of the tax authorities.
This research report will examine the concept of a permanent establishment and its application in
commercial business activities, the building and construction industry and in the activities of an
agent.
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Spade, Katrina M. "Of Dirt and Decomposition: Proposing a Place for the Urban Dead." 2013. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/theses/1086.
Full textAbstract:
The intent of this thesis is to challenge our society’s existing options for the care and processing of the deceased, and to design a space and a ritual which are both deeply meaningful and ecologically beneficial. The community for whom this architecture is designed currently lacks the religious or cultural rituals which would otherwise guide them through the process of laying of their loved ones to rest. For this community, both traditional burial and cremation are devoid of meaning and culturally irrelevant ways of dealing with the deceased, in addition to being unnecessarily wasteful processes. Likewise, the community for which I am designing is decidedly urban, and made up of people for whom the city is the chosen site for living. This city dweller loves the bustling, complicated, concrete and steel metropolis reality. I posit they would find a deep comfort in becoming part of the city after dying. However, it is my position that a deep connection to the cycles of nature is critical in order for the dead to rest peacefully, and for the living to properly grieve. Therefore, I propose that the space I am designing – and its processes within - will be deeply rooted in the cycles of nature, for it is only by truly comprehending our part in these cycles that we can grieve and heal.