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1
Al Shamsi, Khalid, and Louay N. Mohammad. "Estimating Optimum Compaction Level for Dense-Graded Hot-Mix Asphalt Mixtures." Journal of Engineering Research [TJER] 7, no. 1 (2010): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/tjer.vol7iss1pp11-21.
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A critical step in the design of asphalt mixtures is laboratory compaction. Laboratory compaction should reflect field compaction and should produce mixtures that are economical and possess high structural stability. During the compaction process, asphalt mixtures are subjected to certain amount of compaction energy in order to achieve the required density. The Superpave volumetric mix design is based on compacting HMA mixtures to a specified compaction level described by the number of gyrations from the Superpave gyratory compactor (SGC). This level is termed Ndes and represents the required energy (based on the traffic level expected) to densify the mixture to a 4% air voids level. This paper re-examines the Superpave compaction requirements through extensive laboratory investigation of the response of a number of asphalt mixtures to the applied compaction energy. It also presents an alternative method to estimate the number of gyrations at which a mixture first reaches an optimum aggregate interlock and hence prevents overcompaction problems that might result in unstable aggregate structures or dry asphalt mixtures. A total of 12 HMA mixtures were studied. During compaction, force measurement was made using the pressure distribution analyzer (PDA). The compaction characteristics of the mixtures were analyzed using data from the PDA and the traditional Superpave Gyratory Compactor (SGC) results.
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Zhou, Hao, Yongjian Guo, Qiang Xu, Guixia Zhang, and Zhen Wang. "Study on Vibration Compaction Energy of Basement Material." Coatings 12, no. 10 (2022): 1495. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings12101495.
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In order to confirm the vibrate compaction energy, the indoor vibration compaction was conducted. Indoor vibration compactor was used to compact skeleton dense cement stabilized aggregate. The acceleration and displacement of the indenter and compaction pressure during the compaction process were measured. The bounce model and the hysteresis curve based on measurement parameters were used to calculate the compaction energy. Three vibration compaction energy were affirmed as: energy of the machinery itself (Eself), energy transmitted from machinery to compacted material (Et) and energy stored by compacted materials (Es). The energy Eself was about 40 J (joule). During each compaction process, energy Et was only 1–1.8 J. In a one-minute compaction process, 2500 J of energy would be transmitted, but only 38 J could be stored by the compacted material.
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Wilczyński, Dominik, Krzysztof Talaśka, Dominik Wojtkowiak, Krzysztof Wałęsa, and Szymon Wojciechowski. "Selection of the Electric Drive for the Wood Waste Compacting Unit." Energies 15, no. 20 (2022): 7488. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15207488.
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This work presents the study of the compaction and unloading process wood post-production waste, i.e., oak sawdust. The sawdust was compacted employing the forces F = 5000, 10,000, 20,000, 30,000, 40,000 and 50,000 N. Each compacted sample was compressed so as to determine the force value Fc required for the destruction of the sample. For each compaction force, the coefficient of the friction value µ1 was determined for the sawdust–steel material pair, which was used in the construction of the sleeve and stamp compacting system employed in the study. The determined parameters of the compressive force Fc and the coefficient of friction µ1 as a function of the compaction force F enabled to determine the optimal process parameters. A proposed construction of the compacting unit with an electrical drive is provided in the following part of the work comprising a motor, gear wheels, cam and a compacting piston. The selection of the parameters for the compaction process and the drive is of key importance from the standpoint of its energy consumption, influencing the energy balance, i.e., the ratio of input process energy and the energy obtained from the manufactured briquette. For the purpose of selecting the drive system, a mathematical model was developed utilizing earlier results of experimental studies. This model enabled to determine the maximum torque value Ms necessary to drive the proposed compacting unit. As a result of the carried-out work, it was determined that the maximum compaction force F is not ideal, considering other process parameters and their influence on its performance, allowing to lower the maximum torque and power of the proposed compacting unit.
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Jiang, Chunlin, Yanhui Ge, Baoqun Wang, Luchen Zhang, and Youbo Liu. "Impact of the High-Energy Dynamic Compaction by Multiple Compactors on the Surrounding Environment." Advances in Civil Engineering 2021 (November 29, 2021): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6643064.
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Dynamic compaction machine (DCM) is a widely adopted ground reinforcement technology. However, dynamic compaction energy has a very significant impact on the surrounding environment. At present, the research on the impact of dynamic compaction mainly focuses on the effect of the tamping behavior of a single compactor in the working state, whereas the research on the impact of multiple compactors working jointly is rare. To study the impact of the dynamic compaction energy of multiple compactors working jointly on the surrounding environment, the dynamic response model for multiple compactors working in the same field was established based on the explicit dynamic analysis module in ABAQUS. The validity of the model was verified by comparison with the measured data. Based on this, the impact of the dynamic compaction energy of multiple compactors with different working conditions in terms of the arrangement, spacing, and working time interval was analyzed. The results showed that the arrangement and spacing of the compactors had a remarkable influence on the distribution of the dynamic compaction energy in the surrounding environment. Under the condition of multiple compactors working with a time interval of less than 10 s, the impact of the superimposed dynamic compaction energy due to the interaction of multiple compactors had to be considered.
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Parente, Manuel, and António Gomes Correia. "Compaction Management: Results of a Demonstration Project." Advanced Materials Research 779-780 (September 2013): 1697–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.779-780.1697.
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Compaction management, also referred to as intelligent compaction (IC), is a real time automatic operation adjustment and continuous compaction control technology of soils or asphalt layers. It is essentially a technology for optimization and evaluation of the compaction process, being capable of adjusting the compaction energy applied to the material, increasing or decreasing compaction efficiency in the necessary areas according to an acceptance target value, thus attaining maximum stiffness, while preventing overcompaction and minimizing the total number of passes. This study seeks to assess in a case study the IC performance, in comparison with conventional compaction methods in terms of efficiency in compaction of a sandy soil. For this purpose, a specific experimental section was carried out in which the performance of an IC compactor was compared with a conventional heavier class compactor. Data was obtained and analysed by the IC continuous information, as well as by the application of several different conventional compaction control tests and methods. Results show that the IC technology presents a superior performance, as well as various advantages when compared to conventional compactors.
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Hussain, Sadam. "Effect of Compaction Energy on Engineering Properties of Expansive Soil." Civil Engineering Journal 3, no. 8 (2017): 610. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/cej-030988.
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Swelling of expansive clays is one of the great hazards, a foundation engineer encounters. Each year expansive soils cause severe damage to residences, buildings, highways, pipelines, and other civil engineering structures. Strength and deformation parameters of soils are normally related to soil type and moisture. However, surprisingly limited focus has been directed to the compaction energy applied to the soil. Study presented herein is proposed to examine the effect of varying compaction energy of the engineering properties i.e. compaction characteristics, unconfined compressive strength, California bearing ratio and swell percentage of soil. When compaction energy increased from 237 KJ/m3 to 1197 KJ/m3, MDD increased from 1.61 g/cm3 to 1.75 g/cm3, OMC reduced from 31.55 percent to 21.63 percent, UCS increased from 110.8 to 230.6 KPa, and CBR increased from mere 1 percent to 10.2 percent. Results indicate substantial improvement in these properties. So, compacting soil at higher compaction energy levels can provide an effective approach for stabilization of expansive soils up to a particular limit. But if the soil is compacted more than this limit, an increase in swell potential of soil is noticed due to the reduction in permeability of soil.
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de Freitas Neto, Osvaldo, Olavo Francisco dos Santos Jr., Fagner Alexandre Nunes de França, and Ricardo Nascimento Flores Severo. "Influence of Compaction Energy and Bentonite Clay Content in the Soil Hydraulic Conductivity." Applied Mechanics and Materials 851 (August 2016): 858–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.851.858.
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This paper intends to evaluate changes in permeability of a soil sample from Formação Barreiras, in Natal, the capital city of Rio Grande do Norte State, related to the degree of compaction and the adding of clay to the soil sample. In field works, samples were collected and permeability and density tests were performed. In laboratory, grain size distribution, Attemberg limits and particle density tests were conducted. Afterwards, compaction and permeability tests fulfilled the set of laboratory tests, with changes in compactive energy and sample clay content. The results from field and laboratory tests were compared and the relationship between compaction energy and sample clay content were portrayed. The soil was classified as silty sand. Field and laboratory test results were quite similar. As expected, the tests indicated that permeability is inversely proportional to both compaction energy and sample clay content in the soil tested.
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Wulandari, P. S., and D. Tjandra. "Properties evaluation of cold mix asphalt based on compaction energy and mixture gradation." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1195, no. 1 (2023): 012024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1195/1/012024.
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Abstract Mix design for cold mix asphalt as a surface course has several factors to be considered, such as the traffic level and environmental condition. The compaction energy in mix design is related to expected traffic level. The choice of aggregate gradation is affected by the environment condition. Generally, there are two types of cold asphalt mixture, open graded and dense graded. The purpose of this study is to investigate the properties of cold mix asphalt surface course considering the compaction energy and aggregate gradation factors by laboratory experiments. The trial specimens were prepared with five different cationic emulsion bitumen contents for each type of mixture gradation at various compaction energy using Marshall compactor machine. The stability and volumetric properties of these specimens were measured by Marshall Test and then compared to the specified values. If the pavement is designed properly, dense graded cold mix asphalt could be used for surface course for medium and light traffic, while open graded mixture has potential application for heavy traffic. Over compaction could cause a greatly increased stiffness of mixture, which potentially lead to crack. Cold mix asphalt with different type of gradation needs different compaction energy to reach the best properties of mixture.
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Alhaji, Mustapha Mohammed, Musa Alhassan, Taiye Waheed Adejumo, and Ramatu Jibrin. "Effect of Density on Consolidation and Creep Parameters of Clay." Indonesian Journal of Science and Technology 5, no. 1 (2020): 31–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.17509/ijost.v5i1.16819.
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Effect of density on consolidation and creep parameters of a clay soil was investigated using a soil classified according to Unified Soil Classification System (USCS) as Clay of High plasticity (CH) and composing majorly of secondary minerals, including montmorillonite. The air-dried soil was compacted at five different compaction energy levels (Reduced Standard Proctor compaction energy, Standard Proctor compaction energy, West African compaction energy, Reduced Modified Proctor compaction energy, and Modified Proctor compaction energy). Specimens for consolidation tests were molded at the five different compaction energy levels (densities). The consolidation parameters (initial void ratio, compression index, and preconsolidation pressure) were observed to be empirically related to the compaction energy. The creep parameters (i.e. primary compression index, secondary compression index, and magnitude of creep) were observed to increase with increases in loading to 387kN/m2, after which the values decreased. Curves resulting from these relationships were observed to increase with increases in compaction energy level and tent towards straight line at Modified Proctor compaction energy. Maximum magnitude of creep estimated for three years was observed to reduce from 455.5 mm at Reduced Standard Proctor compaction energy through 268 mm at West African compaction energy to 247.4 mm at Modified Proctor compaction energy levels.
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Vinod, Parameswaran Pillai, Asuri Sridharan, and Rosalint Jolly Soumya. "Effect of compaction energy on CBR and compaction behaviour." Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Ground Improvement 168, no. 2 (2015): 116–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/grim.13.00059.
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Jayawickrama, Priyantha W., Aruna L. Amarasiri, and Pedro E. Regino. "Use of Dynamic Cone Penetrometer to Control Compaction of Granular Fill." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1736, no. 1 (2000): 71–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1736-10.
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Granular material is commonly used as backfill and embedment material for buried structures, including thermoplastic pipe. Proper compaction of this material is crucial to the successful performance of the pipe. However, the commonly used Proctor density approach cannot be used for the field compaction control of these materials because it does not provide a well-defined moisture-density relationship. An alternative method used by the authors for compaction control of such materials is described. This method involves a device known as the dynamic cone penetrometer (DCP). Findings are presented from a series of DCP tests conducted on a range of granular backfill materials that belong to ASTM D 2321 Classes I and II. These materials were compacted using ( a) an impact rammer and ( b) a vibratory plate compactor. The level of compaction energy was varied by changing the number of passes. The data obtained from these tests are presented in the form of DCP blow count profiles, which are then used as the basis for comparison between different materials, compaction equipment, and levels of compaction energy. A series of full-scale load tests conducted on high-density polyethylene (HDPE) pipe installations is also described. An overview is provided of how the DCP data may be combined with load-deflection data from full-scale load tests to establish guidelines for compaction control of pipe backfill.
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Santos, Adriano A., António Ferreira da Silva, António Gouveia, Carlos Felgueiras, and Nídia Caetano. "Reducing Volume to Increase Capacity—Measures to Reduce Transport Energy for Recyclable Waste Collection." Energies 15, no. 19 (2022): 7351. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15197351.
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The production of municipal waste is increasing all over the world. Although a significant part of the waste is collected as commingled waste, much of it is recyclable if disposed of properly. Thus, separate deposition and collection plays an extremely important role today, more than ever, not only in terms of preventing pollution but also from the point of view of recycling as a driver of circular economy and of efficient use of resources. This work is focused on the development of compaction equipment to be applied to containers, which allows a more efficient approach to the process of collecting waste for recycling. As a management option, recycling depends on collective behavior which is based on individual acts. Therefore, individual use of plastic/metal compaction systems can help meet recycling targets, even as a complement to conventional bins. Thus, herein a proposal is presented for a plastic/metal collection station with a built-in compaction element that allows for the compacting of the separated waste, individually, in an easily accessible drawer. Sorting and compacting waste before collection will result in a reduction of the number of collection/transport stops, which will also translate into higher energy efficiency, cost savings, optimization of the transported tons/km ratio, and profitability.
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Talal, Masoud, and O. Suliman Manal. "Influence of Energy on Compaction Characteristics of High Expansive Soils." International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology (IJEAT) 9, no. 5 (2020): 1344–48. https://doi.org/10.35940/ijeat.E1114.069520.
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Each soil type has different behavior with regard to determination of maximum dry density and optimum moisture content and therefore any soil type has its own compaction requirements for experimental purposes and for control the compaction in the field. The general purpose of this study is to a better understanding of the compaction characteristics of high expansive soils, with emphasis on the relationships of moisture content and dry density of high expansive soils at a range of compaction energy levels. To achieve this purpose, high expansive soils samples were subjected to Atterberg limit and a set of laboratory compaction tests to find compaction characteristics namely; maximum dry unit weight and optimum water content of high expansive soils at different compaction energy (compaction effort) for different number of hammer blows per each layer range from 10 to 50, which varied the energy per unit volume from 356 KN/m3 to 1188 KN/m3.Rather than single peak compaction curves, the most achieved compaction curves are an irregular one and half peak compaction curves. According to the comparison results of different compaction energy, it was concluded that the maximum dry unit weight of high expansive soil was not highly affected by gradually increase of applied energy. The results showed that, the maximum dry density of tested expansive soils sample increased from 1.48g/cm3 to 1.6g/cm3 with increase of compaction energy from 356 KN/m3 to 1188 KN/m3.
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Zhou, Changhong, Xueyan Liu, Panos Apostolidis, A. Scarpas, and Liang He. "Induction Heating-Assisted Compaction in Porous Asphalt Pavements: A Computational Study." Applied Sciences 8, no. 11 (2018): 2308. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app8112308.
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Low temperature asphalt (LTA) technologies, such as warm-mixed asphalt mixes, are utilized in the paving industry to lower energy demands and greenhouse gas emissions during asphalt mixing and pavement construction. However, the asphalt mixes developed that incorporate LTA additives are more sensitive than hot-mixed asphalts to temperature reduction during compaction, which leads to inadequate compaction and subsequent poor pavement performance. The induction heating-assisted compaction of pavement structures appears to be an effective way to ameliorate such issues and to improve mix compactability at lower temperatures. Considering that induction-assisted compaction is a complex process, a computational methodology is proposed in this paper. A porous asphalt concrete mix was considered as case material. For the pavement compaction analyses after induction, the temperature field generated by electromagnetic induction was predicted and the material parameters of asphalt mortar were adjusted. The effect of induction heating on asphalt compaction effectiveness, the tendency of mix density changing, the increase in compactor passes, and the influence of temperature on compaction at different locations in the pavement were studied as well.
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Kronbergs, Ēriks. "BIOMASS COMPACTION POTENTIALITIES." Environment. Technology. Resources. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference 1 (June 20, 2001): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/etr2001vol1.1935.
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Substantial increases in global energy consumption and depletion o f fossil energy resources demand for development o f alternative energy resources. The more significant part (74%) of renewable energy sources has been planned for biomass energy in European Union. Substitution of fossil feedstocks for energy and materials by biomass is important measure for GHG emission mitigation. Development o f biodegradable polymers, construction materials and organic fertilizers from biomass let us challenge economy to a more sustainable way.Naturally biomass is material of low density therefore new mobile equipment and technologies for biomass communition and densification have to be worked out. Compacted biomass has higher volumetric energy density and can be easier transported and stored than natural biomass.Wheat straw biomass densification experiments have been carried out. Chopped straw with moisture content less 10% has been used for densification. Fine chopping significantly influence compacting density and is more preferable as heating. Cold compacting of fine chopped wheat stalk material with addition o f molasses more than 9% and sapropel more than 18% provide density lg/cm3 without any heating. The same density (Ig/cm3) has been obtained in compacting o f straw and peat composition. These results are useful for briquetting technology design.
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Yamali, Fahrul Rozi. "ANALISA ENERGI ALAT PEMADAT TANAH LEMPUNG DILAPANGAN." Jurnal Civronlit Unbari 1, no. 1 (2016): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.33087/civronlit.v1i1.10.
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ABSTRAK Pemadatan merupakan stabilitas tanah secara mekanis. Setelah dipadatkan, susunan partikel-partikel tanah menjadi lebih padat sehingga mempunyai sifat-sifat teknis yang lebih baik dari sebelumnyaBeberapa macam tipe alat pemadat telah dikembangkan oleh banyak pabrik. Besarnya energi pemadatan tergantung pada berat alat pemadat, tekanan dan alat pemadat yang digunakan.Alat pemadat tipe penggilas kaki kambing (sheeps’ foot roller) banyak dipakai untuk pemadatan tanah lempung, dimana alat ini memiliki kaki-kaki (pad) yang berfungsi sebagai peremas tanah yang memberikan tekanan yang lebih besar.Penelitian ini menganalisis besaran energi yang dihasilkan oleh alat penggilas kaki kambing untuk memadatkan tanah 1 hingga 8 lintasan.Hasil penelitian menunjukan energi yang dihasilkan setiap lebar roda dengan kecepatan 8 kpj adalah 64,43 joule untuk 1 lintasan dan semakin banyak jumlah lintasan maka energi yang dihasilkan semakin besar hingga mencapai 515,47 joule.ABSTARCT Compaction of the soil stability mechanically. Once solidified, the composition of the soil particles become more dense and therefore have technical properties better than ever Some types of rollers have been developed by many factories. The amount of compaction energy depends on the weight of the roller, and the pressure rollers are used. Foot roller compactor type of goat (sheeps' foot roller) is widely used for compaction of clay, on which it has legs (pad) that serves as peremas land provides greater pressure. This study analyzes the amount of energy generated by a leg of lamb for pressing to compact the soil 1 to 8 tracks. The results showed wide energy produced each wheel speed of 8 kph is 64.43 joules for one track and the more the number of passes, the greater the energy produced to reach 515.47 joules.
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Sari, Dwi Winda, Idharmahadi Adha, and Ahmad Zakaria. "Pengujian CBR Laboratorium Mengggunakan Metode Tekanan (Pressure Method) untuk Tanah Timbunan Berdasarkan Energi Pemadatan." Jurnal Rekayasa Sipil dan Desain 7, no. 1 (2019): 89–102. https://doi.org/10.23960/jrsdd.v7i1.1113.
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In building a construction related to the physical condition of the soil, this is because the land It is one of the very material plays an important role in supporting such a construction.Then had to do the testing power support basic land (subgrade) with experimental study testing the California Bearing Ratio (CBR) method of pressure (pressure method) based on the energy compaction. The research using a sample of the soil that came from the area of Tirtayasa, Kec.Sukabumi, Bandar Lampung for land fill. Implementation testing of CBR compactor modification press tool with using three soil samples at each pressure.The pressures used for CBR standard is 0,10 MPa, 0,26 MPa and 0.58 MPa. And for testing using pressure modified CBR 0.437 MPa,1,19 MPa and 2,63 MPa. The results of the research in the laboratory showed that the weight of the maximum volume (γdmaks) of 1.68 g/cm3 of standard proctor method.While of modified proctor testing the the weight of the maximum volume (γdmaks) of 1.77 gr/cm3. Based on the results of testing the value of CBR standard and modified methods of compared that the laboratory testing higher than the CBR based on compaction energy with press modifications. Keywords : CBR, Compaction Energy Tool press the Compactor Modification
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Promputthangkoon, Panu, and Tavorn Kuasakul. "A novel device for inclined compaction test on soils." MATEC Web of Conferences 192 (2018): 02054. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201819202054.
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It can be said that the soil compaction test is currently the standard method for obtaining the right amount of water to be added in order to achieve a maximum dry density. Then, the water content obtained from laboratory work, known as optimum moisture content, is utilised in the field for compacting the soil. It should be noted that the compaction test is carried out on a soil sample prepared in a mould horizontally laid. In the field, however, quite often the compaction is done on side embankments or sloping grounds. Hence, using the laboratory result to control the field density for such cases is problematic. Therefore, this study developed a device that could be used to conduct the compaction test concerning the following conditions: (1) compaction is vertically applied to a soil sample inclined at various angles (VC), and (2) compaction is normal to an inclined soil sample (IC). Some initial tests on lateritic soil using both methods developed showed that at the same energy applied the densities are quite different. These results confirm that, in the case of sloping ground, the standard compaction test may not be appropriate.
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Yang, Jing, Ling Hao Wang, Fu Li Ma, and Xiao Hong Bai. "Study on Reasonable Feature of Compaction Loess with Air Porosities." Applied Mechanics and Materials 238 (November 2012): 441–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.238.441.
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The degree of compaction is usually used as the compaction quality and control indicator of backfill in practical project. However, as the degree of compaction is affected by various internal and external factors, its accuracy is difficult to guarantee. In this paper, compacted loess samples were prepared under different compaction energies by normal compaction method. The curves of compression coefficient and dry density, the compression coefficient and porosity of compaction loess samples under different compaction energy are analyzed while the water content is constant. The air porosities of compaction loess samples under different compaction energy and water content are calculated and summed up. The air porosity of compaction loess samples under different compaction energy is more stable than the degree of compaction when the water content is exactly equal to the optimum water content. The rationality of using air porosity as the loess compaction quality control indicator is discussed. It is proposed using air porosity as additional indicator of compaction quality control on the condition of the loess compacted dry density meeting the requirements. The air porosity less than 6.5% is suggested as the additional quality control indictor for region backfill compaction.
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Yamali, Fakhrul Rozi, and Fadlan Fadlan. "ANALISIS ENERGI PEMADATAN TANAH DI LABORATORIUM." Jurnal Civronlit Unbari 2, no. 1 (2017): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.33087/civronlit.v2i1.12.
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The density test for soil in the laboratory can be a mild density test (standard proctor) and a modified density test (modification proctor). Both types of compaction provide different levels of density. This paper aims to analyze the energy produced by both types of compaction. The results show that the compaction modification energy is greater than the standard compaction energy. These results are influenced by the number of layers and the difference of the mass of the pounder on both types of compactionKey words: compaction energy, standard proctor, modified proctor
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Marins, Araceli Ciotti de, José Miguel Reichert, Deonir Secco, Doglas Bassegio, and Daniela Trentin Nava. "Crambe grain yield affected by compaction degrees of an Oxisol." Research, Society and Development 11, no. 3 (2022): e12111326500. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i3.26500.
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Crambe is a new crop that produces oil used for biodiesel production. Soil compaction in a no-tillage (NT) system is one of the main challenges for sustainable grain production in soil clay. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of compaction degree on crambe grain yield over two years. The levels of artificial compaction were generated using a roller compactor (0, 1, 3, and 5 passes) under a NT system. The experimental design was a strip block, and soil density and crambe grain yield were evaluated. The passes of the roller increased the density from 0.98 to 1.24 Mg m−3 in the 0–0.1 m layer, and 1.03 to 1.15 Mg m−3 in the 0.1–0.2 m layer. As a result, the compaction degree increased from 53% to 66% in the 0–0.1 m layer and 54% to 61% in the 0.1–0.2 m layer. Five passes of the roller compactor reduced the crambe grain yield by 41% and 9% in the first and second years, respectively, compared to the NT system without additional compaction. The crambe grain yield was reduced when the compaction degree reached 53%; therefore, crambe is not suitable for compacted soils.
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Shimobe, Satoru, and Giovanni Spagnoli. "A novel approach to evaluating the compaction control of soils." Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology 53, no. 3 (2020): 452–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/qjegh2019-130.
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Soil compaction is an important operation during the construction of road embankments, railway subgrade, earth dams and compacted clay liners for waste disposal. Soil compaction is usually controlled based on the ratio of the dry density of the soil to the soil water content. However, this relationship presents problems in both the laboratory and in the field when using excess compaction energy levels in cohesive soils with a high natural water content, including differences in the compaction energy levels and a reduction in strength as a result of over-compaction. The compaction curve, which considered the compaction energy levels, is usually unknown in the field and the main factors influencing the stiffness and strength of compacted soils are the dry density and the degree of saturation. We show here compaction results for soils in terms of the dry density and degree of saturation and introduce the concept of an optimum compaction line.
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Zhao, Qun, and Jin Fang Zhao. "Designs of Material Compactor Based on Vibration Theory." Advanced Materials Research 700 (May 2013): 187–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.700.187.
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In this paper, a kind of material compactor was designed beginning with the recognition of energy conservation and low cost. Through the study of the influence factors and the mechanization of the material compaction at normal temperature, the author found out better parameters of influencing factors. The improved material compactor consists of a compression roller, backspin rolls, supporting device and other auxiliary devices. The eccentric block inside the compression is driven by the motor to generate exciting force. After the material enters the feeding inlet, it will be squeezed between the compression roller and the backspin rolls. Under the action of both extrusion pressure and vibration, the purpose of material compaction is achieved.
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Rahdianata, Dedi, and Indra Noer Hamdhan. "Analisis Tingkat Akurasi Uji Pemadatan dengan Pendekatan Numerik Berbasis Elemen Hingga. (Hal. 87-98)." RekaRacana: Jurnal Teknil Sipil 5, no. 4 (2019): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.26760/rekaracana.v5i4.87.
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ABSTRAK
 
 Penelitian ini membahas tentang simulasi model pemadatan antara uji laboratorium dibandingkan lapangan menggunakan PLAXIS 2D 2017 berbasis elemen hingga. Simulasi model kedua pengujian tersebut dilakukan dengan variasi beban energi yang sama untuk membandingkan perbedaan hasilnya. Simulasi model pemadatan di lapangan dilakukan dengan variasi beban, siklus dan tebal lapis pemadatan, sedangkan di laboratorium hanya variasi beban energi dan tebal lapis pemadatan berdasarkan berat isi kering. Hasil uji pemadatan berat isi kering di laboratorium sebesar 1,546 kN/m2, sedangkan hasil simulasi model sebesar 1,6 kN/m2, sehingga tingkat akurasi perbedaannya sebesar 3,49%. Simulasi model pemadatan lapangan dengan variasi beban pada tebal lapis pemadatan yang sama menunjukan bahwa semakin besar beban pemadatan akan menghasilkan jumlah lintasan (siklus) lebih sedikit, sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa semakin tebal lapis pemadatan nilai penurunannya akan semakin besar.
 
 Kata Kunci: simulasi model analisis pemadatan, pemadatan laboratorium dan lapangan, tebal lapis pemadatan, nilai penurunan.
 
 
 ABSTRACT
 
 This research studied compaction modelling between laboratory simulation test and field test using PLAXIS 2D 2017 based on finite element method. Each tests was carried out with the same energy variations to compare the discrepancy of the result. A model with the variation in load energy, cycle and thickness of compaction layer was made to simulate the field test, while for the laboratory test, only variation in load energy and thickness of compaction layer is used based on dry unit weight. The results of the laboratory compaction test of dry unit weight was 1.546 kN/m2, while the model simulation were 1.6 kN/m2. So the accuracy difference between both is 3.49%. Simulation of field model with variations in load at the same thickness of compaction layer shows that the greater load of compaction will produced less number of cycles. It can be concluded that the thicker compaction layer will increased settlement value. 
 
 Keywords: compaction model analysis, field and laboratory compaction, thickness compaction and settlement.
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Zhang, Yuyu, Wanjun Ye, and Zuoren Wang. "Study on the Compaction Effect Factors of Lime-treated Loess Highway Embankments." Civil Engineering Journal 3, no. 11 (2017): 1008. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/cej-030933.
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This paper presents a study to investigate the effects of water content, lime content and compaction energy on the compaction characteristics of lime-treated loess highway embankments. Laboratory compaction tests were conducted to determine the maximum dry density and optimum water content of loess with different lime Contents (0, 3, 5 and 8%), and to examine the effects of water content, lime content and compaction energy on the value of and . In situ compaction tests were performed to obtain the in situ dry density and the degree of compaction of different lime-treated loess. Experimental embankments with different fill materials (0, 3, 5 and 8% lime treated loess) were compacted by different rollers during in situ tests. The results indicate that increases due to the increase of water content . Once water content exceeds , dry density decreases dramatically. The addition of lime induced the increase of and the decrease of . A higher compaction energy results in a higher value of and a lower value of . The value of achieves it’s maximum value when in situ water content was larger than the value of (+1-2%). The degree of compaction can hardly be achieved to 100% in the field construction of embankments. Higher water content and compaction energy is needed for optimum compaction.
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Yang, S. R., H. D. Lin, and W. H. Huang. "Variation of Initial Soil Suction with Compaction Conditions for Clayey Soils." Journal of Mechanics 28, no. 3 (2012): 431–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jmech.2012.52.
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AbstractIn this study, the initial soil suction of as-compacted clayey soils was evaluated for various compaction conditions, covering a wide range of compaction energy and molding water content. The soil specimens were prepared by impact compaction under three levels of compaction energy. The filter paper method was used to measure the initial soil suction of as-compacted specimens. Test results indicate that the relationship between the soil suction and the molding water content is bilinear under three different compaction energies. However, the effect of compaction energy on soil suction is different for the soils with different amounts of clay fraction and is elucidated by the macro soil properties. The change of soil suction due to different compaction energies can be predicted by the void ratio and the degree of saturation.
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Sivrikaya, Osman, Ergun Togrol, and Cafer Kayadelen. "Estimating compaction behavior of fine-grained soils based on compaction energy." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 45, no. 6 (2008): 877–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t08-022.
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For successful designs of geotechnical structures, rational determination of the engineering properties of soils is an important process. In this context, compaction parameters, maximum dry unit weight (γdmax), and optimum water content (wopt) are required to be determined at various compaction energies. This paper proposes correlation equations that relate γdmax and wopt obtained from standard Proctor (SP) and modified Proctor (MP) tests to the index properties. To develop accurate relations, the data collected from the literature and the authors’ own database have been used. It has been found that while wopt has the best correlation with plastic limit (wp), γdmax can be estimated more accurately from wopt than it can from wp. In addition, the empirical methods including compaction energy (E) are described for estimating wopt and γdmax of fine-grained soils. The variables of the developed models for wopt and γdmax are wp, E, and wopt. It has been shown that the proposed correlations including the compaction energy will be useful for a preliminary design of a project where there is a financial constraint and limited time.
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Slyusar, Volodymyr. "METHODOLOGY FOR EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF ENERGY IN THE ELEMENTS OF THE «VIBRATION MACHINE – COMPACTING CONCRETE MIXTURE» SYSTEM." Construction Engineering, no. 41 (February 4, 2025): 40–46. https://doi.org/10.32347/tb.2024-41.0404.
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The paper presents a methodology for experimental research on the distribution of energy in the elements of a vibra-tion machine for compacting concrete mixtures. The development of this methodology is based on a thorough analy-sis of existing research methods and the determination of energies in mechanical systems and media. Within the general system of the "vibration machine – compacting concrete mixture," the following subsystems were identified: bearings of the vibration exciter, supports, vibration dampers, reactive and active masses, including the form mass and the compacting concrete mixture. Specific research methods for energy dissipation were determined for each of the mentioned subsystems, preceding relevant modeling. Energy dissipation depends on many factors: the composi-tion and structure of the material, cyclic deformation and stresses arising from the medium’s exposure, the type and parameters of the load, the duration of cyclic deformation, and more. The evaluation criterion for energy dissipa-tion in media is the energy absorption coefficient, which expresses the ratio of energy used to perform the techno-logical process of compaction to the potential energy. The ratio of these energies is considered an independent material characteristic, determined experimentally, taking into account actual technological and operational fac-tors. It was found that the following main methods are used to evaluate energy parameters: phase, damping oscilla-tions, hysteresis loops, energy, and resonance methods. The paper substantiates the methodology for experimental research of parameters and energy indicators of concrete mixture compaction processes. Two models—discrete and continuous—were used in the simulation of these processes.
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Mironovs, Viktors, Jekaterina Nikitina, Matthias Kolbe, Irina Boiko, and Yulia Usherenko. "Magnetic Pulse Powder Compaction." Metals 15, no. 2 (2025): 155. https://doi.org/10.3390/met15020155.
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Powder metallurgy (PM) offers several advantages over conventional melt metallurgy, including improved homogeneity, fine grain size, and pseudo-alloying capabilities. Transitioning from conventional methods to PM can result in significant enhancements in material properties and production efficiency by eliminating unnecessary process steps. Dynamic compaction techniques, such as impulse and explosive compaction, aim to achieve higher powder density without requiring sintering, further improving PM efficiency. Among these techniques, magnetic pulse compaction (MPC) has gained notable interest due to its unique process mechanics and distinct advantages. MPC utilizes the rapid discharge of energy stored in capacitors to generate a pulsed electromagnetic field, which accelerates a tool to compress the powder. This high-speed process is particularly well-suited for compacting complex geometries and finds extensive application in industries such as powder metallurgy, welding, die forging, and advanced material manufacturing. This paper provides an overview of recent advancements and applications of MPC technology, highlighting its capabilities and potential for broader integration into modern manufacturing processes.
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Praticò, Filippo Giammaria, and Giusi Perri. "The Prediction of the Compaction Curves and Energy of Bituminous Mixtures." Infrastructures 10, no. 6 (2025): 132. https://doi.org/10.3390/infrastructures10060132.
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The optimisation of road construction planning and design prioritises safety, comfort, cost-effectiveness, and sustainability by aligning with sustainable development goals (SDGs) and integrating life cycle assessment (LCA)-based criteria. Asphalt mixture compaction is a critical construction-phase process that requires careful monitoring due to its significant impact on fuel consumption, CO2 emissions, and pavement performance. However, characterising the compaction process during the design stage is challenging due to the unavailability of primary data, such as the compaction energy applied by the roller on-site. This study addresses this gap by developing a methodology for deriving compaction-energy-related data at the laboratory stage. An algorithm is proposed to estimate key compaction parameters, specifically the locking point and compaction curves, based on aggregate grading. Equations to improve the design of bituminous mixtures based on compaction targets were derived. The findings support more sustainable planning, the optimised selection of construction equipment, and improved competitive equilibria between different pavement technologies by promoting low-carbon and energy-efficient strategies aligned with SDGS.
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Li, Jie, Xiaohong Bai, and Fuli Ma. "Energy transfer and influencing factors in soil during compaction." PLOS ONE 15, no. 11 (2020): e0242622. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0242622.
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In China, large-area excavation and filling engineering has increased rapidly with the expansion of construction land. The quality of filling engineering is the most important guarantee for the stability of building structures. Among all research on fill soil, the compaction characteristics are significant for indicating the strength and stability of filling engineering. In this paper, two layers of loess fill soil were compacted by a self-manufactured test system with three different compaction energies. Based on the variation in the soil bottom pressure obtained in the tests, the influence of the compaction parameters on the soil bottom pressure was investigated. The results show that the compaction curve can be used instead of the curve of the change in soil bottom pressure with water content; as the soil density increases, the soil bottom pressure increases to the maximum. The relation of the energy consumption ratio of the soil bottom (σ/σz) and the number of soil layers is exponential and reveals the stability of the soil skeleton formed during compaction. This paper describes the compaction characteristics of loess fill soil from the perspective of energy transfer, and the conclusions provide a theoretical basis for soil filling engineering.
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Wu, Xia, Xiong Tang, Li Liu, Zhaoyi He, and Sheng He. "The Friction–Lubrication Effect and Compaction Characteristics of an SMA Asphalt Mixture under Variable Temperature Conditions." Materials 17, no. 7 (2024): 1694. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma17071694.
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The aim of this article is to explore the dynamic compaction characteristics of stone mastic asphalt (SMA) and the friction–lubrication effect of internal particles during the superpave gyratory compaction (SGC) process. Firstly, a calculated method for the compaction degree of an asphalt mixture in the gyratory compaction process was defined based on the multiphase granular volume method. Secondly, the gyratory compaction curves of asphalt mixtures were taken based on this calculation method of compaction degree. The dynamic change law of each compaction index (compaction, percentage of air voids, compaction energy index, etc.) during the compaction process was analysed. Finally, the effects of different initial compaction temperatures and different asphalt content on the friction–lubrication effect and compaction characteristics of asphalt mixtures were studied. Research shows that it is reasonable to define the compaction degree by the ratio of the apparent density of the asphalt mixture to the maximum theoretical density of the asphalt mixture during gyratory compaction. The dynamic prediction equations of the compaction degree K and the compaction energy index CEI with the amount of compaction were established, and could effectively predict the compaction degree, percentage of air voids and compaction energy index CEI. The compaction process of the asphalt mixture needed to go through three phases, including periods of rapid growth, slow growth, and stabilisation, and the compaction degree increased by about 10%, 5%, and 1%, in that order, finally tending towards a stable value. The effect of the initial compaction temperature on the forming compaction degree of the asphalt mixture is significant; therefore, it should be controlled strictly in the compaction construction of asphalt mixtures. When the initial compaction temperature of SMA-13 is about 170 °C, the compaction effect is optimal, and the effect of the increase in the amount of compaction at a later stage on the increase in the compaction degree of the asphalt mixture is very low. With the optimal asphalt content, the friction–lubrication effect between the asphalt and aggregate particles is optimal, because it can effectively form an asphalt film, reducing the frictional resistance of the particles moving each other during the compaction process, and the voids will be embedded and filled with each other, finally producing the best compaction result.
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Han, Yunshan, Yanli Dong, Yuanlong Wang, Wei Duan, and Weihua Qin. "Experiment Study of Loess-filled Embankment under Dynamic Compaction." Open Civil Engineering Journal 9, no. 1 (2015): 644–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874149501509010644.
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To investigate the dynamic compaction mechanism of loess-filled embankment, a computational model of unit volume compaction effort was proposed as compared with the compaction test. The energy level of dynamic compaction used in actual projects was also considered. The differences between the compaction test and the unit volume compaction effort in the actual projects were studied. And also, the unit volume compaction efforts of the main tamping point and the whole reinforcement scope were analyzed. It can be drawn out that the compaction criterion should be chosen based on the water content of loess on site. Based on the model test, the laws of acceleration, velocity and displacement under the dynamic impact of hammer on the loess-filled embankment were analyzed in our study. The whole process also perfectly explained the movement history of hammer under dynamic compaction and the work-energy conversion efficiency of dynamic compaction.
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Mohammadi, K., and Abolfazl Darvizeh. "Dynamic Model of Compaction Process of Metallic Powders." Advanced Materials Research 264-265 (June 2011): 155–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.264-265.155.
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Dynamic modeling of compaction process ,and evaluation of hardening parameters of powder compacts undergoing uni-axial/multi compaction is a tedious process and requires many elaborate tests .However ,assuming a two-parameter failure surface ( such as Mohr–Coulomb),evolution of failure surface may be monitored by two points on the failure surface. Results of uni-axial compression and direct or indirect tensile tests may readily provide the two required points. In order to assess this hypothesis ,a laboratory investigation was carried out using atomized iron powder(WPL-200) and aluminum powder(+160Mm) . Green compacts of the said drop-hammer , specifically designed for this purpose. Specimens with various relative compactions were produced and tested in uni-axial compression test and Brazilian split test .Variations of compressive/tensile strength with compaction energy(hammer speed) and relative density were studied and hardening law for green compacts were developed.
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Sano, Yukio. "A Theoretical Derivation of the Similarity of Dynamic Compaction Processes of Powder Media in Dies." Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology 108, no. 2 (1986): 147–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3225852.
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Multiple shock compactions of powder media within a die with a rigid punch are theoretically investigated. First, similarity of dynamic compaction processes for a powder medium of a simple type is exhibited through nondimensionalized one-dimensional equations. The similarity is established after determination of three parameters, i.e., the ratio S* of the lateral surface to the cross-sectional area of the medium, the ratio M* of the mass of the punch to that of the powder medium filled in the die, and the compaction energy per unit powder volume e. The similarity indicates that the particle velocity, specific volume and pressure have the same variation with respect to nondimensional time at all points in the medium with various cross-sections and initial lengths so long as S* is kept fixed at a certain value, i.e., at the same proportional nondimensional point in the medium. The density distributions of the green compacts are necessarily identical, and so is the mean density in all compactions. Second, it is shown in one of the nondimensionalized equations that wall frictional influence in a compaction where S* → 0 is not present, while the wall frictional influence is extremely large when S* is very large, which implies that the mean densities of the compacts are larger in compactions with smaller S*. Two types of compactions can be obtained for any powder medium because the equation used is applicable to any medium.
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Miklašēvičs, Ziedonis. "IDENTIFICATION AND ANALYSIS OF THE FACTORS INFLUENCING THE COEFFICIENTS FOR THE COMPACTION OF ENERGY CHIPS LOADS." Environment. Technology. Resources. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference 1 (August 3, 2015): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/etr2009vol1.1109.
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In Latvia the transportation of energy chips loads is carried out almost entirely by trucks. Due to the lack of hard empirical data on the compaction of energy chips loads transported by road, the currently used methodologies for the assessment of the volume of energy chips loads produce only rough estimates. In order to address this problem and fill the gap, this research paper offers: - the methodology for the determination of the coefficients for the compaction of energy chips loads depending on their transportation distance by trucks; - the values of the coefficients for the compaction of energy chips loads for different transportation distances and different kinds of trucks; - the identification and analysis of the factors that influenced the values of energy chips loads compaction coefficients.
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Csanády, Ágnes, László Ipacs, Gyula Kakuk, et al. "Characterization and Comparison of Rapidly Solidified Al Particles Mechanically Milled Nanostructures and their Consolidated Structures Made by High Energy Rate Forming (HERF) Technique." Materials Science Forum 537-538 (February 2007): 321–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.537-538.321.
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The aim of the present work is to produce new types of solid nanomaterials for different purposes (coatings, fillers, foams, bulk pieces, etc.). Technologies such as RS Al flake production, high energy mechanical milling and high energy rate forming technology (HERF) for compacting are used. The products are analyzed mainly by XRD, SEM and TEM methods. It was shown that the new-type of RS Al “flake” material is suitable not only for pigments but also for powder metallurgical purposes, i.e. Al based nanocomposites. By choosing suitable parameters for mechanical alloying with the Fritsch Planetary mill 4, very fine, alloyed and composited nanostructures can be produced (Al-4.5w%Cu- 10w%Al2O3, Al-15w%Pb) Dynamic compaction (HERF) using explosive techniques seems to offer a good way for the compaction of Al (metal) matrix nanostructured composites.
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Zhang, Xiaoshuang, Min Wang, and Yunshan Han. "Model test study on the effect of dynamic compaction under low water content." PLOS ONE 16, no. 6 (2021): e0253981. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0253981.
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Dynamic compaction is a cost-effective foundation treatment technology, that is widely used in various types and conditions of foundations. However, due to the limitation of natural conditions (water content between 3% and 8%) in north-western China, it is difficult to meet the requirements of the optimal water content during dynamic compaction. To better treat a foundation with a low water content, a series of model tests were carried out by using homemade test equipment to study the influence of the ramming energy and η value on the efficiency of dynamic compaction under a low water content. The results showed that the improvement of the energy level could compensate for the poor effect of dynamic compaction caused by a low water content in arid regions. Compared with that at the optimal water content, the efficiency of dynamic compaction was 58.1% to 66.2% at a low water content and excited the optimal energy level. Increasing the η value was also beneficial to improving the effect of dynamic compaction. Hence, the optimal energy level combined with the appropriate η value is of great merit in treating the foundation of arid regions by using the dynamic compaction method, which provides new parameter suggestions and engineering guidance for dynamic compaction construction in arid areas.
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Dialmy, Atar, Mustapha Rguig, and Mehdi Meliani. "Quantification and Optimization of Compaction Energy Used in Earth Construction: Case of Static and Dynamic Compaction." International Journal of Engineering Research in Africa 68 (April 10, 2024): 67–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-u3rdpk.
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Earth construction is a sustainable and environmentally friendly approach to building. In addition to their good thermal performance, earth materials are abundant, inexpensive, and readily available, reducing the need for resource-intensive materials like concrete and steel. Regarding the construction process of earth structures, which is based on compaction, there is often a difference between the laboratory compaction process and the onsite one. The energy consumed onsite to produce earth structures is still approximative and uncontrolled, which affects considerably the mechanical performances of earth walls. Then, the investigation of the optimal compaction energy is necessary. To optimize the on-site compaction energy used in rammed earth (RE), an experimental study is carried out to compare the dynamic compaction usually applied to produce RE walls to the static compaction using a mechanical press. By considering increasing dynamic and static energies, the physical and mechanical properties are analyzed for each case. The obtained results show that RE walls can be replaced by prefabricated pressed earth blocks where the compaction energy is reduced by 60% and the compressive strength is enhanced by 70% using static compaction, thus achieving 4 MPa without stabilization. This solution allows to reduce the execution time and to control the quality of earth buildings.
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DelRio-Prat, Maria, Angel Vega-Zamanillo, Daniel Castro-Fresno, and Miguel Ángel Calzada-Pérez. "Energy consumption during compaction with a Gyratory Intensive Compactor Tester. Estimation models." Construction and Building Materials 25, no. 2 (2011): 979–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2010.06.083.
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Wróbel, Michał, Agnieszka Woszuk, and Wojciech Franus. "Laboratory Methods for Assessing the Influence of Improper Asphalt Mix Compaction on Its Performance." Materials 13, no. 11 (2020): 2476. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13112476.
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Compaction index is one of the most important technological parameters during asphalt pavement construction which may be negatively affected by wrong asphalt paving machine set, weather conditions, or the mix temperature. Presented laboratory study analyzes the asphalt mix properties in case of inappropriate compaction. The reference mix was designed for AC 11 S wearing layer (asphalt concrete for wearing layer with maximum grading of 11 mm). Asphalt mix samples used in the tests were prepared using Marshall device with the compaction energy of 2 × 20, 2 × 35, 2 × 50, and 2 × 75 blows as well as in a roller compactor where the slabs were compacted to various heights: 69.3 mm (+10% of nominal height), 66.2 mm (+5%), 63 mm (nominal), and 59.9 mm (−5%) which resulted in different compaction indexes. Afterwards the samples were cored from the slabs. Both Marshall samples and cores were tested for air void content, stiffness modulus in three temperatures, indirect tensile strength, and resistance to water and frost indicated by ITSR value. It was found that either insufficient or excessive level of compaction can cause negative effect on the road surface performance.
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Alp, Gokalp. "Energy-based evaluation of vibration compaction." Pollack Periodica 1, no. 3 (2006): 31–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/pollack.1.2006.3.3.
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Yuan, Yu Qing, Xuan Cang Wang, and Hui Jun Shao. "Study on Impact Compaction of Aeolian Sand Subgrade and its Effect Evaluation." Advanced Materials Research 378-379 (October 2011): 370–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.378-379.370.
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In order to solve the problem of aeolian sand subgrade compaction, we studied the technology of impact compaction, applied it to the engineering practice and analyzed its effect with Rayleigh wave. The technology of impact compaction can combine the compaction of potential energy and kinetic energy and make it easier for the materials to reach their elastic stage. With the combined function of "knead-roll-impact", the impact compaction road roller can compact the soil body and offer 6～10 times impact force and 3～4 times the depth of influence more than the vibratory roller. The impact compaction methods of aeolian sand subgrade were put forward. The comparative field compaction tests between impact and vibratory compaction are carried through, which are detected by Rayleigh wave. The results show that the impact compaction can make the density of the aeolian sand subgrade 2～5% higher than the vibratory compaction, and reach the influence depth of 7 metres. To sum up, the impact compaction can clearly increases the strength and stiffness of aeolian sand subgrade with a dynamic elastic modulus of 202.63MPa.
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Basheer, I. A. "Empirical modeling of the compaction curve of cohesive soils." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 38, no. 1 (2001): 29–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t00-068.
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Compaction curves (or densitymoisture relationships) of cohesive soils are essential components for establishing practical and reliable criteria for effective control of field compaction. In this paper, modules built from empirical models for simulating the compaction curves of cohesive soils based on easily measured basic soil properties and compaction energy were developed using both statistical regression and artificial neural networks (ANNs) techniques. A large number of compaction curves pertaining to a wide variety of fine-grained soils were collected and used in modeling. The developed modules were able to predict compaction curves of soils with good accuracy, with the ANN-based module outperforming the statistical-based analog. The compaction modules were utilized to inquire about the compactibility behavior of fine-grained soils in relation to their properties and the compaction energy used. Besides their use as independent compaction curve predictors, the compaction modules can be used as supplementary units in numerical models for solving geotechnical engineering problems and as tools useful in preliminary design phases and feasibility studies.Key words: cohesive soils, compaction curve, modeling, neural networks, regression.
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Zhang, Qingfeng, and Dongquan Wang. "Field study on the improvement of coal gangue filling using dynamic compaction." PLOS ONE 16, no. 5 (2021): e0250961. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250961.
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In this study, dynamic compaction method was used to treat the gangue hill of the Xinglongzhuang coal mine in China, and the deep compaction of deep coal gangue was examined. The crushing characteristics and improving depth of coal gangue filling under different dynamic compaction conditions were determined. Dynamic compaction tests with different tamping energy were performed to improve the coal gangue filling. In addition, dynamic penetration tests and the foundation bearing capacity were conducted. The relationship between the tamping energy and improvement was investigated, and the optimum tamping energy, number of tamping blows, improving depth, and other dynamic compaction parameters and filling bearing characteristics were obtained. The field test results show that with increasing number of tamping blows, compaction induced deformation gradually decreased and begins to stabilize, while the optimum number of tamping blows increases with increasing ramming energy. The optimum number of tamping blows is in the range 9–11, and the effective coal gangue improving depth is in the range 6–8m, when the tamping energy is greater than 3000 kN.m. The gradation improved, and the weight percentage of the particles smaller than 4.75 mm was larger than 50%, resulting in better physical and mechanical behavior of the coal gangue filling. The coal gangue filling bearing capacity and anti-deformation ability increase with increasing tamping energy. The coal gangue filling bearing capacity reached at least 350 kPa after being improved by dynamic compaction with a tamping energy greater than 3000kN.m.
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Beddu, Arifin, Lawalenna Samang, Tri Harianto, and Achmad Bakri Muhiddin. "Interpretation of CBR Test Results Based on the Rapid Impact Compaction Electro-Mechanic System Model." MATEC Web of Conferences 203 (2018): 04003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201820304003.
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In order to understand the mechanical properties of the compaction results and to optimize the relevant energy design of the repeated Rapid Impact Compaction (RIC), a series of California Bearing Ratio (CBR) tests were performed on the compaction sample with RIC electro-mechanic system. In this laboratory test, samples were compacted at various RIC impact energy levels. A mass of different weight and various of falling height was used to compact the samples in a CBR cylindrical test. The mass was repeatedly dropped on the anvil plate with a frequency of 30-40 blows per minute. The compaction process carried out by varying number of blows from 5 to 35 for each compacted sample, and all compaction processes were controlled by electro-mechanic new development system. The test results represented that there was a variation of CBR value at the same RIC energy levels. The CBR values at the same energy level with the larger number of blow increased higher in lighter mass, whereas than the RIC energy level for larger masses with the smaller number of blows also occurred with the same trend to the result of relative compaction density test. This advantages that with a better understanding of RIC mechanisms and relevant energy designs, it is a new practical idea to improve compaction degree as well as CBR value on fill construction works with appropriate equipment and lower energy consumption.
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Kuwik, Brett, and Ryan C. Hurley. "Energy dissipation due to breakage during confined compaction of granular materials." EPJ Web of Conferences 249 (2021): 07006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202124907006.
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The dissipation of energy during the compaction of granular materials was studied by performing confined drop tower experiments on Ottawa sand. Energy dissipated due to breakage was quantified by evaluating the creation of new surfaces at varying drop heights. Post-compaction particle size distributions (PSD) were measured and the amount of breakage was quantified by the position of the current PSD relative to the pre-compaction and ultimate PSD. Our observations revealed that the percentage of input energy dissipated due to breakage accounted for less than 0.5% of the total energy budget and was a constant proportion regardless of the total energy applied to the system. We also evaluated the effects of die wall friction by measuring post-compaction PSD in various positions within the sample.
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Vasyliev, Oleksii, and Andrii Yakovenko. "Determination of kinetic energy of vibrating machine VP-10." Technical sciences and technologies, no. 1 (39) (May 22, 2025): 59–68. https://doi.org/10.25140/2411-5363-2025-1(39)-59-68.
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Vibration plates are an important element of the means of small mechanization and are widely used for layer-by-layer compaction of various materials, in particular sand, gravel, bitumen mixtures and other building components. Vibration compaction plays the key role in technological processes of construction of road surfaces, foundations and other engineering structures, providing necessary physical and mechanical properties of materials. In this work, kinetic energy of the VP-10 vibratory plate, developed for compacting soils and building materials in conditions of limited space, was determined. Within the research, physical and mathematical modeling based on methods of applied mechanics was applied. Determination of the total kinetic energy, which is the sum of kinetic energies of individual components of the system (plate, vibration plate body, vibration exciter body and unbalance), the kinematic scheme of the equipment under study was built. The obtained functional dependence of kinetic energy is required prerequisite for further mathematical modeling of the system using Lagrange equations of the second kind. The performed analysis allows expanding the idea of the dynamics of the vibration plate and contributes to improvement of its structural and technological parameters.
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Limón-Covarrubias, Pedro, Leonardo Ambrosio Ochoa-Ambriz, David Avalos-Cueva, José Roberto Galaviz-González, María de la Luz Pérez-Rea, and Manuel Alberto Gallardo-Sánchez. "Influence of Compaction Energy on the Mechanical Performance of Hot Mix Asphalt with a Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) and Rejuvenating Additive." Infrastructures 8, no. 12 (2023): 166. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/infrastructures8120166.
Full textAbstract:
The Mexican asphalt paving industry is increasingly interested in using reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) to produce hot mix asphalt (HMA) due to its economic and environmental advantages. However, an ill-defined methodology for integrating RAP into the HMA mix design has hindered its use. This paper investigates how compaction energy affects both rejuvenated and non-rejuvenated recycled HMA mixtures. A Superpave gyratory compactor was used to determine the optimal binder content and find a balance between flexibility and stiffness that meets cracking and rutting resistance requirements. Various recycled HMA mixtures were subjected to different compaction energy levels (75, 100, and 125 gyros), different RAP contents (15%, 30%, and 45%), and various dosages (10%, 15%, and 36%) of the rejuvenating additive Maro-1000®, following the blending chart. Performance was evaluated using the Hamburg wheel tracking test (HWTT) and the fracture energy flexibility index test (I-FIT). The results demonstrate that mixtures with RAP, a rejuvenating admixture, and varying compaction energies exhibit favorable mechanical behavior. However, both rejuvenated and non-rejuvenated mixes with 15% RAP showed performance comparable to conventional mixtures. They improved stiffness by up to 46% while reducing the flexibility index to 25%, striking a balanced equilibrium between rutting resistance and cracking susceptibility.
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Ji, Xiaoping, Honglei Lu, Cong Dai, Yonggen Ye, Zhifei Cui, and Yue Xiong. "Characterization of Properties of Soil–Rock Mixture Prepared by the Laboratory Vibration Compaction Method." Sustainability 13, no. 20 (2021): 11239. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132011239.
Full textAbstract:
This paper presents a study of the properties of soil–rock mixtures (SRM) prepared by the vibration compaction method. First, the results of laboratory experiments and field tests are compared to determine the reasonable parameters of the vibration compaction method (VCM) for soil–rock mixtures. The compaction characteristics, CBR, and resilient modulus of the laboratory-prepared soil–rock mixtures by the static pressure compaction method (SPCM) and vibration compaction method are compared. The effects of the soil to rock ratio and the maximum particle size and gradation on the compaction characteristic, resilient modulus and CBR of soil–rock mixtures prepared by the vibration compaction method are investigated. Finally, field measurements are subsequently conducted to validate the laboratory investigations. The results show that the reasonable vibration frequency, exciting force, and static surface pressure of the vibration compactor for soil–rock mixtures are recommended as 25 Hz, 5.3 kN, and 154.0~163.2 kPa, respectively. Soil–rock mixtures prepared by vibration compaction method has smaller optimum water content and gradation variation and larger density than specimens prepared by the static pressure compaction method, and the CBR and resilient modulus are 1.46 ± 0.02 and 1.16 ± 0.03 times those of specimens prepared by the static pressure compaction method, respectively. The ratio of soil to rock, followed by the maximum particle size, lead obvious influences on the properties of soil–rock mixtures. Moreover, the results show that the CBR and resilient modulus of soil–rock mixtures prepared by vibration compaction method have a correlation of 86.9% and 89.1% with the field tests, respectively, which is higher than the static pressure compaction method.