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Journal articles on the topic 'Company extension'
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1
Han, Jin K., and Bernd H. Schmitt. "Product-Category Dynamics and Corporate Identity in Brand Extensions: A Comparison of Hong Kong and U.S. Consumers." Journal of International Marketing 5, no. 1 (March 1997): 77–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1069031x9700500106.
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Should the focus of a brand-extension strategy be on product-category related factors (e.g., the fit between the extension and the core product) or should consumers’ attention be drawn to characteristics of the company providing the extension (e.g., company size)? Examining this issue experimentally in Hong Kong and in the United States with samples of students and working professionals, we find that for U.S. consumers, perceived fit is much more important than company size; for Hong Kong consumers, company size does not matter for high fit extensions, but does matter for low fit extensions. We suggest the value of collectivism may explain the relative higher importance of corporate identity for East Asian consumers. East Asian consumers rely on companies as interdependent, collective societal entities to reduce the risk of a low fit extension, whereas U.S. consumers— as individualists— place higher importance on their own judgment regarding the product fit rather than cues such as company size.
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Keller, Kevin Lane, and David A. Aaker. "The Effects of Sequential Introduction of Brand Extensions." Journal of Marketing Research 29, no. 1 (February 1992): 35–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002224379202900104.
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A laboratory experiment examines factors affecting evaluations of proposed extensions from a core brand that has or has not already been extended into other product categories. Specifically, the perceived quality of the core brand and the number, success, and similarity of intervening brand extensions, by influencing perceptions of company credibility and product fit, are hypothesized to affect evaluations of proposed new extensions, as well as evaluations of the core brand itself. The findings indicate that evaluations of a proposed extension when there were intervening extensions differed from evaluations when there were no intervening extensions only when there was a significant disparity between the perceived quality of the intervening extension (as judged by its success or failure) and the perceived quality of the core brand. A successful intervening extension increased evaluations of a proposed extension only for an average quality core brand; an unsuccessful intervening extension decreased evaluations of a proposed extension only for a high quality core brand. Though a successful intervening extension also increased evaluations of an average quality core brand, an unsuccessful intervening extension did not decrease core brand evaluations regardless of the quality level of the core brand. The relative similarity of intervening extensions had little differential impact, but multiple intervening extensions had some different effects than a single intervening extension.
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Sinaga, Baik Sepwanri, and Fristi Riandari. "Implementation of Decision Support System for Determination of Employee Contract Extension Method Using SAW." Journal Of Computer Networks, Architecture and High Performance Computing 2, no. 2 (June 1, 2020): 183–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.47709/cnapc.v2i2.397.
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Effect of rapid technological developments have contributed so as to provide an opportunity to study and analyze a problem. In the company of PT. Cipta Mandiri Agung Jaya, employee contract renewal process is done in less efficient. In general, the process of employee contract extension is carried out by way of division form a contract extension, has not made an assessment atupun evaluation of each employee. Through employee contract renewal process conducted so far gives a great influence to the advancement of the company. On this occasion, in view of the managerial aspects of the formulation of the problem is how to implement the SAW method in the determination of employee contract extension. How to implement a decision support system in the determination of contract extensions employees at PT. Court Of Human Self Jaya, how to design decision support systems in the SAW method using the employee contract extension programming language VB 2010 and the Microsoft Access database. The purpose was to analyze the issue formulation SAW method in the determination of employee contract extension, implementing a decision support system in the determination of contract extensions employees at PT. Court Of Human Self Jaya, pendukunng system design decisions in the SAW method using the employee contract extension programming language VB 2010 and the Microsoft Access database.
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Nguyen, Quang Tri, Winai Wongsurawat, and Rian Beise-Zee. "Vertical Brand Extension at Vinamilk, Vietnam." Asian Case Research Journal 20, no. 02 (December 2016): 331–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218927516500127.
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This case study illustrates the role of marketing instruments on the success of a vertical brand extension executed by a leading dairy company in Vietnam — Vinamilk. In 2011, the company launched a fortified liquid milk line as a step-down vertical brand extension from its previous and more premium line — 100% fresh milk. The key issue in the study is to understand how Vinamilk used marketing communication and distancing techniques (or differentiation tactics) to influence the performance of the vertical brand extension. The case findings show that despite quite serious cannibalization on the core brand, the vertical brand extension at Vinamilk was deemed a successful launch. The success was attributable to marketing communication that was rooted in profound consumer understanding — the right product offered to the right target at the right price supported with heavy consumer pull and trade push marketing. Vinamilk’s strong umbrella brand and wide distribution network also contributed to the successful launch. The most serious challenge was cannibalization on the previous premium product line — Vinamilk 100% fresh milk. As Vietnamese consumers grew wealthier and more sophisticated, non-reconstituted, fresh milk would likely become the biggest seller in the future, a sector Vinamilk could not afford to lose. Competition in this premium market was already heating up, requiring the company to strengthen this product line. For longer term strategy, Vinamilk had been forced to revisit its liquid milk product portfolio. A more clearly defined role for each product line along with effective differentiation would be required.
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Dimitriu, Radu, Luk Warlop, and Bendik Meling Samuelsen. "Brand extension similarity can backfire when you look for something specific." European Journal of Marketing 51, no. 5/6 (May 8, 2017): 850–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ejm-09-2015-0662.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to show that high similarity between a parent brand and an extension category can have a detrimental effect on how a brand extension is perceived to perform on specific attributes. This happens because similarity influences the perceived positioning of a brand extension: lower similarity extensions can be perceived as “specialized” products, whereas high similarity extensions are perceived as “all-in-one” products not performing exceptionally well on any specific attribute. Design/methodology/approach The authors test the hypothesized effect through three experimental studies. The authors manipulate similarity both within subjects (Study 1a) and between subjects (Study 1b and Study 2). Further, the authors test the effect for specific attributes that are physical/concrete in nature (Study 1a and Study 1b) as well as attributes that are abstract/imagery-related in nature (Study 2). Findings High compared to low similarity improves perceptions of overall performance (i.e. performance across all attributes). But as expected, the authors also find that a high similarity brand extension is perceived to perform worse on the attribute on which a low similarity brand extension specializes, even when the parent brands of the extensions possess that attribute to the same extent. This perception of attribute performance carries on to influence brand extension purchase likelihood. Practical implications The degree of brand extension similarity has consequences for how brand extensions are perceived to be positioned in the marketplace. Although high similarity extensions receive positive evaluations, they might not be suitable when a company is trying to instil a perception of exceptional performance on a specific attribute. Originality/value The authors demonstrate a consequential exception to the marketing wisdom that brands should extend to similar categories. Although the degree of brand extension similarity has been repeatedly shown to have a positive effect on brand extension evaluation, the authors document a case when its effect is actually detrimental. This study’s focus on the dependent variable of perceived performance on specific attributes is novel in the brand extension literature.
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Cherepanov, Alexander, Alexander Dobrikov, and Andrew Zagorodny. "Dynamic range extension method for microwave power meters." ITM Web of Conferences 30 (2019): 11004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/itmconf/20193011004.
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The paper is devoted to microwave power meters, detector blocks of which can be located directly on the main PC board. The block diagram with dynamic range extension method was shown. Portable PLS series power meters with frequency range from 50 MHz to 6 GHz produced by Micran Company is presented. Galvanic isolation unit is proposed.
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Arsenos, Panagiotis, Dimitrios Charamis, and Alexandros Garefalakis. "Pricing of brand extensions based on perceptions of brand equity." Journal of Governance and Regulation 7, no. 2 (2018): 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/jgr_v7_i2_p2.
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The paper explores the role of brand equity when pricing hypothetical brand extensions. Companies tend to use different pricing techniques for their products, and their pricing decisions are based on many factors, including image and category fit of the product with the existing image and products of the company. Brand extensions are usually investigated from a consumer perspective, focusing on the extension attitude, however, it is essential to understand the corporate decision-making process regarding pricing. Exploring this matter using quantitative research methods, the study provides empirical evidence that companies that have invested heavily in marketing actions in the past and have built strong brand equity over-time, show flexibility in the mark-up during the cost decision-making process of a hypothetical brand extensions. Variations in mark-up percentages are also observed when there is a difference in image and category fit of the extension to the original brand. However, companies characterized by greater brand equity exhibited greater flexibility in the mark-up percentages, even for low fit extensions.
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Gardner, John C., Carl B. McGowan Jr, and Susan E. Moeller. "Using Accounting Information For Financial Planning And Forecasting: An Application Of The Sustainable Growth Model Using Coca-Cola." Journal of Business Case Studies (JBCS) 7, no. 5 (August 10, 2011): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jbcs.v7i5.5599.
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The purpose of this paper is to provide a case example to teach students how to estimate a companys sustainable growth by using an extension of the DuPont System of financial analysis on Coca-Cola Corporation. The DuPont system is based on a companys return on equity that is decomposed into three components: net profit margin, total asset turnover, and the equity multiplier. The extended DuPont system of financial analysis multiplies return on equity by the earnings retention rate to calculate sustainable growth. Sustainable growth is the highest level of growth in sales that a company can achieve using internally generated funds only.
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Rosenbloom, Barry E., Timothy M. Cox, Guillermo I. Drelichman, Renata Cravo, Manisha Balwani, Thomas Andrew Burrow, Ana Maria Martins, et al. "Encore - a Randomized, Controlled, Open-Label Non-Inferiority Study Comparing Eliglustat to Imiglucerase in Gaucher Disease Type 1 Patients Stabilized on Enzyme Replacement Therapy: 24-Month Results." Blood 124, no. 21 (December 6, 2014): 1406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v124.21.1406.1406.
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Abstract Introduction: Eliglustat is a novel oral substrate-reduction therapy in development for adults with Gaucher disease type 1 (GD1). This open-label Phase-3 trial (ENCORE, NCT00943111, Genzyme, a Sanofi company, Cambridge, MA), the largest randomized, controlled trial in GD1 to date, evaluated eliglustat and imiglucerase treatment in patients who had previously reached pre-specified therapeutic goals after ≥3 years of enzyme replacement therapy. We report efficacy data from the 12-month primary analysis period (PAP) and the first 12 months of the extension period in which all patients received eliglustat. Methods: Patients were randomized 2 to 1 eliglustat to imiglucerase. The primary efficacy endpoint was percent of patients remaining stable on a pre-specified composite of spleen, liver, hemoglobin, and platelet parameters. As this was a non-inferiority trial, efficacy analyses were performed on the per-protocol population (99 eliglustat and 47 imiglucerase patients). Results: Eliglustat was non-inferior to imiglucerase: after 12 months of treatment, 85% of eliglustat and 94% of imiglucerase patients maintained all 4 goals (lower bound of 95% CI of difference [-17.6%] within the pre-specified [-25%] non-inferiority margin). Of the 159 patients treated in this study, 145 (91%) completed 24 months of treatment. During the 12-month extension period, continued stability was seen in most patients in both groups. Among 99 of 106 patients who continued on eliglustat, stability was seen in spleen volume (96% of patients), hemoglobin (97%), platelet count (94%), and liver volume (96%). In 47 of 53 patients who received imiglucerase in the PAP and then eliglustat in the trial extension, continued stability was seen also in spleen volume (97% of patients), hemoglobin (100%), platelet count (90%), and liver volume (95%). Most adverse events were mild or moderate in severity. No new safety concerns have arisen after 24 months. Conclusions: Eliglustat was non-inferior to imiglucerase in maintaining stability after 12 months of treatment in patients previously stabilized on enzyme replacement therapy. In the 12-month trial extension, clinical stability was maintained in most patients who remained on eliglustat for 24 months and in most patients who switched from imiglucerase to eliglustat. Disclosures Rosenbloom: Genzyme, a Sanofi Company: Consultancy, Honoraria, Travel reimbursement Other. Off Label Use: Eliglustat is an investigational drug for the treatment of Gaucher disease type 1. Cox:Genzyme, a Sanofi Company: Consultancy, Honoraria, Travel reimbursement Other. Drelichman:Genzyme, a Sanofi Company: Consultancy, Honoraria. Cravo:Genzyme, a Sanofi Company: Consultancy, Honoraria. Balwani:Genzyme, a Sanofi Company: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Travel reimbursement Other. Burrow:Biomarin: Consultancy, Honoraria, Travel reimbursement, Travel reimbursement Other; Genzyme, a Sanofi Company: Consultancy, Honoraria, Travel reimbursement Other. Martins:Genzyme, a Sanofi Company: Consultancy, Honoraria, Travel reimbursement Other. Lukina:Shire: Consultancy, Honoraria, Travel reimbursement, Travel reimbursement Other; Genzyme, a Sanofi Company: Consultancy, Honoraria, Travel reimbursement Other. Ross:Genzyme, a Sanofi Company: Employment. Angell:Genzyme, a Sanofi Company: Employment. Peterschmitt:Genzyme, a Sanofi Company: Employment.
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Amsury, Fachri, Nanang Ruhyana, Irwansyah Saputra, and Daning Nur Sulistyowati. "CLASSIFICATION OF CUSTOMER COMPLAINTS ON INSTAGRAM COMMENTS USING NAÏVE BAYES ALGORITHM WITH N-GRAM FEATURE EXTENSION." Jurnal Techno Nusa Mandiri 17, no. 2 (September 15, 2020): 109–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.33480/techno.v17i2.1632.
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Customer complaints about the company can be used as a form of self-evaluation and performance that has been carried out by the company, based on customer complaints the company can find out the weaknesses that exist in the company and fix them. The forms of submitting customer complaints are very diverse, currently not only by telephone, but customers also submit suggestions or complaints, customers can submit suggestions or complaints via electronic mail or e-mail or forums in cyberspace that are indeed created by product-producing companies to accommodate various complaints, suggestions, and direct criticism from consumers, especially social media that are free to express opinions on the delivery services used. Instagram is a social media that is more inclined towards images and on the other hand, has captions and comments text, a study is needed for the problem of customer complaints from shipping service users on an Instagram account of a delivery service company. Based on this background, a solution is needed in solving problems for text mining classification using Naïve Bayes with SMOTE techniques and N-Gram feature extraction with the usual process for text mining so that it can produce Naïve Bayes and SMOTE accuracy with an accuracy of 88.54%, before implementation. N-Gram and the accuracy rate increased by 1.44% after the N-Gram Term was applied to 89.98% by using a dataset of 776 Instagram comment text records that had to preprocess text.
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Kim, Na-Rae, and Mee-Sook Chang. "Vertical Brand Extension Strategy of L'Oreal Group." Journal of the Korean Society of Cosmetology 27, no. 4 (August 31, 2021): 1042–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.52660/jksc.2021.27.4.1132.
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To compete in the current cosmetics market, strategic changes are needed according to the target market. Therefore, in this study, L'Oreal Group, the No. 1 global sales company, was selected as the subject of the study to study vertical brand expansion strategies used within the cosmetics industry. The purpose of the study is to analyze the vertical brand expansion strategy of L'Oreal Group and examine its effectiveness. The method of research is qualitative research that considers degree papers, journals, related books, and accounting materials from 1995 to 2020 by the L'Oreal Group. The results of the study are as follows. First, after examining L'Oreal Group's vertical brand expansion strategy, it was found that it used strategies such as ‘Mergers and Acquisitions of Various Brands’, ‘Brand Management by Business Department’, and ‘Localization’. Second, looking at the vertical brand expansion effect of L'Oreal Group, it was found that it gained the effect of ‘Increasing Sales’, ‘Strengthening Brands’, and ‘Ease Market Access’. Therefore, it can be concluded that the effect of a differentiated vertical brand expansion strategy played a role in L'Oreal Group's growth into the world's No. 1 cosmetics company. This suggests that utilization based on success stories is important, not indiscriminate application of vertical brand expansion strategies. We hope that further research will be conducted on the vertical brand expansion and online business trends of cosmetics companies in the future.
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Kim, Na-Rae, and Mee-Sook Chang. "Vertical Brand Extension Strategy of L'Oreal Group." Journal of the Korean Society of Cosmetology 27, no. 4 (August 31, 2021): 1042–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.52660/jksc.2021.27.4.1042.
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To compete in the current cosmetics market, strategic changes are needed according to the target market. Therefore, in this study, L'Oreal Group, the No. 1 global sales company, was selected as the subject of the study to study vertical brand expansion strategies used within the cosmetics industry. The purpose of the study is to analyze the vertical brand expansion strategy of L'Oreal Group and examine its effectiveness. The method of research is qualitative research that considers degree papers, journals, related books, and accounting materials from 1995 to 2020 by the L'Oreal Group. The results of the study are as follows. First, after examining L'Oreal Group's vertical brand expansion strategy, it was found that it used strategies such as ‘Mergers and Acquisitions of Various Brands’, ‘Brand Management by Business Department’, and ‘Localization’. Second, looking at the vertical brand expansion effect of L'Oreal Group, it was found that it gained the effect of ‘Increasing Sales’, ‘Strengthening Brands’, and ‘Ease Market Access’. Therefore, it can be concluded that the effect of a differentiated vertical brand expansion strategy played a role in L'Oreal Group's growth into the world's No. 1 cosmetics company. This suggests that utilization based on success stories is important, not indiscriminate application of vertical brand expansion strategies. We hope that further research will be conducted on the vertical brand expansion and online business trends of cosmetics companies in the future.
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Zhang, Gang, Fu Chao Liu, Tuo Xie, and Jing Jing Zheng. "The Power Quality Evaluation Method Based on the Matter-Element Comprehensive Evaluation Method." Advanced Materials Research 1030-1032 (September 2014): 1403–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1030-1032.1403.
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As for the pricing by electrical energy quality and the decision of rewards and penalties based on the examination at assessment point, Comprehensive evaluation on power quality is one of the principal foundations. To analysis and evaluate electric power quality for electric power company is a focus research at present. In this paper, the power quality evaluation model based on the matter-element extension theory is applied to power quality evaluation service. For power quality evaluation system of the characteristics of the complexity and incompatibility between various indicators hierarchies, this paper applied the theory of matter-element extension constructing Matter-element model, and identified level of power quality of power supply company through the calculation of weight and the correlation service. Taking GanSu Grid Company as an example to evaluate power supply quality, the results show that the evaluation results of power quality evaluation method based on the matter-element evaluation method are more objective, more precise and more reasonable.
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Amato, Dominick J., Majed Dasouki, Seymour Packman, Gregory M. Pastores, Sarit Assouline, Manisha Balwani, Pramod Mistry, et al. "Engage - a Phase 3, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Multi-Center Study to Investigate the Efficacy and Safety of Eliglustat in Adults with Gaucher Disease Type 1: Results after 18 Months." Blood 124, no. 21 (December 6, 2014): 2732. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v124.21.2732.2732.
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Abstract Introduction: Eliglustat, a ceramide analogue, is a novel, oral substrate-reduction therapy in development for Gaucher disease type 1 (GD1). We present 18-month results from ENGAGE (NCT00891202), a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, Phase-3 trial (sponsored by Genzyme, a Sanofi company, Cambridge, MA) investigating the efficacy and safety of eliglustat in untreated adults with GD1. Methods: During the primary analysis period (PAP), 40 patients (mean age: 31.8 years; 20 males) with splenomegaly and thrombocytopenia and/or anemia were randomized 1:1 to receive eliglustat (50 or 100 mg BID depending on plasma levels) or placebo for 9 months and then entered a 9-month, open-label extension phase in which all patients received eliglustat. The primary efficacy endpoint was percent change in spleen volume (multiples of normal). Secondary endpoints included changes in hemoglobin levels, liver volume, and platelet counts. Bone efficacy endpoints included changes in bone marrow burden (BMB) scores, total bone mineral density (BMD), and T- and Z-scores. Results: In the 9-month PAP, eliglustat was superior to placebo in all primary and secondary endpoints; no patients discontinued due to an adverse event. For 18 of 20 patients who received 18 months of eliglustat, mean improvements from baseline continued (spleen: -45%, hemoglobin: +1.02 g/dL; liver: -11%; platelets: +58%). For 20 of 20 patients previously receiving placebo for 9 months who then crossed-over to eliglustat during the extension phase, mean improvements after 9 months of eliglustat were consistent with what was seen in the PAP in the eliglustat-treated patients: spleen: -31%; hemoglobin: +0.79 g/dL; liver: -7.3%; and platelets: +40%. During the PAP, BMB scores, indicating bone marrow infiltration, decreased in eliglustat patients and were unchanged in placebo patients; changes in total BMD and in T- and Z-scores showed a positive trend with eliglustat compared with placebo, although changes were not statistically significant. Eliglustat-treated patients showed continued improvements in bone parameters during the 9-month extension period. No new safety concerns were identified. Conclusion: ENGAGE met its primary and secondary efficacy endpoints in the PAP. Placebo cross-over patients showed improvements during the extension period similar to the eliglustat-treated patients during the PAP. Patients in the eliglustat-treatment group showed continued improvements in the first 9 months of the extension phase. Disclosures Amato: Protalix-Pfizer: Consultancy, travel reimbursement, advisory board fees, travel reimbursement, advisory board fees Other; Actelion: Consultancy, Honoraria, travel reimbursement, advisory board fees, travel reimbursement, advisory board fees Other; Shire: Consultancy, Honoraria, travel reimbursement, advisory board fees, travel reimbursement, advisory board fees Other; Genzyme, a Sanofi Company: Consultancy, Honoraria, Travel reimbursement Other. Off Label Use: Eliglustat is an investigational drug for the treatment of Gaucher disease type 1. Dasouki:Genzyme, a Sanofi Company: Consultancy, Travel reimbursement Other. Packman:Genzyme, a Sanofi Company: Consultancy, Research Funding, Travel reimbursement Other. Pastores:Genzyme, a Sanofi Company: Consultancy, Honoraria, Travel reimbursement Other. Balwani:Genzyme, a Sanofi Company: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Travel reimbursement Other. Mistry:Genzyme, a Sanofi Company: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding, Travel reimbursement, Research grants Other. Shankar:Biomarin: Consultancy, received funds for fellowship training, for educational and patient meetings , received funds for fellowship training, for educational and patient meetings Other; Protalix-Pfizer: Consultancy, Honoraria, Travel reimbursement, received funds for fellowship training, for educational and patient meetings, Travel reimbursement, received funds for fellowship training, for educational and patient meetings Other; Shire: Consultancy, Honoraria, Travel reimbursement, received funds for fellowship training, for educational and patient meetings, Travel reimbursement, received funds for fellowship training, for educational and patient meetings Other; Genzyme, a Sanofi Company: Consultancy, Honoraria, Travel reimbursement, received funds for fellowship training, for educational and patient meetings Other; Actelion: Consultancy, received funds for fellowship training, for educational and patient meetings Other. Solano:Genzyme, a Sanofi Company: Consultancy, Honoraria, Travel reimbursement Other. Ross:Genzyme, a Sanofi Company: Employment. Angell:Genzyme, a Sanofi Company: Employment. Peterschmitt:Genzyme, a Sanofi Company: Employment.
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Silambi, Erni Dwita, and Nurwita Ismail. "Legal Study of Electricity Extension By PT. State Electricity Company In Merauke District." Musamus Law Review 3, no. 1 (October 17, 2020): 18–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.35724/mularev.v3i1.3382.
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PT. PLN as one of the business actors and also as a State-owned business entity should be able and as much as possible to provide electricity evenly and quality to its consumers. But in reality the community is still faced with various problems in the field of electricity. The method used in this study is the library method and field method. library method by reading books, journals and other literature while the field data is obtained by going down to the field to retrieve data then the data analyzed using qualitative methods will then be presented descriptively. The results of this study are PT PLN Merauke trying to provide electricity supply according to the needs of the community however, PLN is also forced to take turns by blackouts at certain times because they have to carry out maintenance and rejuvenation of the machines that have also replaced old electricity poles, but if there is a rotating power outage, PLN always announces the outage through social media. and also through RRI. People as electricity users have not been active and tend to accept and be quiet if they feel disadvantaged by a power outage.
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Elakkiya, S., and M. Asokhan. "Role and performance of Agri-input dealers in extension services in Coimbatore district of Tamil Nadu, India." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 13, SI (July 19, 2021): 156–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v13isi.2819.
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The present study was designed to study the role and performance of input dealers in extension services and the relationship of farmers and dealers from a farmer perspective. For this study, a survey was taken in the Coimbatore district using a purposive random sampling technique with a well-structured interview schedule. The study found that most dealers had 40-50 farmers as customer per day at peak and offseason. Regarding technical assistance given to farmers, 90.00 per cent of the farmers asked for the brand. Delivery in prime season (1.181) followed by credit period (0.633), company officials behaviour (0.600) are the primary factor in the satisfaction of dealers with the company. Regarding the level of satisfaction of the farmers, Product choice (93.33%), Credit facility and availability of the product (90.00%) were the primary satisfaction criteria of the farmers with input dealers. It was concluded from the study that agro chemical company have field assistant at the block and village level to assess the farmers’ problem. In addition, the company having a strong research unit to develop is a need-based product for farmers. They had proper follow up activities in the farmer’s field. Therefore, Agri-input dealers were the first focus of the farmers at the village level. The Agriculture department could use the Agri-input dealers to transfer technology at farmers level and its reach would be high.
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Keller, Berndt, and Sophie Rosenbohm. "The European Company: Original expectations and deficiencies of implementation." European Journal of Industrial Relations 26, no. 1 (January 31, 2019): 23–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959680118825057.
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We address the failures of the implementation of the European Company Directive and their far-reaching consequences, and discuss options for necessary amendments and improvements. We present empirical data on the characteristics of European companies and their distribution across EU Member States, and discuss major unexpected results of transposition and implementation as well as many evident problems. We then develop options for amendments, including definition of structural changes, mandatory introduction of employee involvement and extension of the ‘before and after’ principle. Finally, we analyse the history of the review process and explain why amendments have not and will most likely not be introduced despite obvious failures and deficiencies.
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Zhang, Ya Na, and Yan Liu. "Durability Evaluation of Concrete Structure Based on Fuzzy Extension AHP." Applied Mechanics and Materials 454 (October 2013): 179–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.454.179.
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In the paper, Fuzzy extension AHP(Analytic Hierarchy Process) model is proposed to evaluate concrete structure durability, according to the concrete durability indexes are multiple-levels, multiple-factors and fuzzy. In the method, the extension interval judgment matrix is applied to calculated the weight of every durability index, at the same time the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method is used which can obtain every evaluate grade level by level, therefore the ultimate evaluation result is obtained. The fuzzy extension AHP method is applied in the office building of the third rolling mill of Ma'anshan steel company. The analysis result shows that the fuzzy extension AHP method is more scientific, comprehensive, accurate and convenient than the traditional AHP method, which can evaluate the durability of concrete structure effectively.
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Dodangeh, Javad, Shahryar Sorooshian, and Ali Reza Afshari. "Linguistic Extension for Group Multicriteria Project Manager Selection." Journal of Applied Mathematics 2014 (2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/570398.
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Qualified human resource selection is one of the organizational key success factors. Since choosing the best candidate to fill the defined vacancy in a company is a complex task, intelligence analytical methods would be required to deal with this important issue. Regarding the vagueness and uncertainty of human resource selection process, it requires the linguistic extension of multicriteria decision making (MCDM) models for robust recruitment. This research is aimed to develop a fuzzy MCDM model for linguistic reasoning under new fuzzy group decision making. The new linguistic reasoning for group decision making is able to aggregate subjective evaluation of the decision makers and hence create an opportunity to perform more robust human resource selection procedures. A numerical example demonstrates possibilities for the improvement of human resource management and any other business decision areas through applying the proposed model.
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Carter, Paul R. "The Interaction of University Extension Specialists and Seed Company Agronomists: Results of a Questionnaire." American Entomologist 52, no. 4 (2006): 214–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ae/52.4.214.
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Elmasry, Shady, Carl Imhauser, Timothy Wright, Peter Sculco, Cynthia Kahlenberg, Geoffrey Westrich, Michael Cross, David Mayman, and Andrew Pearle. "4291 Quantifying the art of surgical decision-making in total knee arthroplasty." Journal of Clinical and Translational Science 4, s1 (June 2020): 100–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cts.2020.312.
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OBJECTIVES/GOALS: To quantify clinical exam in total knee arthroplasty by answering the following questions: (1) What are the magnitudes of forces applied by surgeons during the varus-valgus exam? (2) Is the choice of tibial insert thickness related to the magnitude of the applied forces? (3) How accurately does a surgeon estimate the gaps in the varus-valgus exam? METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Three cadaveric knees were implanted with standard TKA trial implants. Four pliable force sensors were wrapped around the foot and ankle of each cadaver to measure the push-pull forces applied during the varus-valgus exam. Six surgeons with varying experience independently conducted a varus-valgus exam in extension and flexion and reported the gaps that they observed. Motion capture was used to measure the gaps between femur and tibia by placing cluster of reflective markers on femur and tibia. Subsequently, each surgeon chose the tibial insert that they thought best fit each knee. The measured peak applied forces were related to the insert thickness and the measured gaps were compared to the observed gaps by surgeons. Since insert thickness was in 1 mm increments, 1 mm gap error was considered a meaningful difference. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: The peak forces varied among surgeons for each cadaver. In cadaver one, the peak forces in varus and valgus in extension were 48±20 and 20±12 N, and in flexion were 27±14 and 8±11 N. Peak forces in cadavers two and three were similar; in varus and valgus in extension, 24±14 and 35±10 N, and in flexion, 23±12 and 20±10 N, respectively. It was observed that the larger the valgus force in extension, the thinner was the inserts choice (β = −0.08 mm/N, p = 0.012). In extension, the difference between estimated gaps and measured gaps was > 1 mm for 36% of all assessments and 91% of gaps were underestimated. Only one measure, however, was underestimated by > 2 mm. In flexion, gap estimates were > 1 mm for 35% of all measurements and 59% of all measurements were overestimated. Four measures were overestimated, and one was underestimated by > 2 mm. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: We found that the applied forces varied among surgeons and a negative association between insert thickness and forces in extension valgus exam. We also found that error in gap estimates among surgeons was > 1 mm a third of the time and that underestimation is more common in full extension, which may lead to using smaller inserts that affect knee stability. CONFLICT OF INTEREST DESCRIPTION: The corresponding author has no COI but my coauthors had the following COI: 1.Royalties from a company or supplier: Zimmer; Stryker; Exactech, Inc; Lima; Mathys Ltd.2.Speakers bureau/paid presentations for a company or supplier Acelity; Flexion Therapeutics; Smith & Nephew; Exactech, Inc; Mallinckrodt Pharmaceuticals; Stryker.3B.Paid consultant for a company or supplier Acelity; DePuy Synthes; Exactech, Inc; Flexion Therapeutics; Intellijoint; Smith & Nephew; Zimmer; Stryker4.Stock or stock options in a company or supplier Imagen; Insight Medical; Intellijoint; Parvizi Surgical Innovation; OrthAlign; Orthobond.5.Research support from a company or supplier as a Principal Investigator Acelity; Exactech, Inc; Intellijoint; Smith & Nephew; Mallinckrodt Pharmaceuticals; Stryker; Lima.6.Royalties, financial or material support from publishers (The following conflicts were disclosed) Exactech, Inc.7.Medical/Orthopaedic publications editorial/governing board Bone and Joint Journal 360; Journal of Orthopaedics and Traumatology; Techniques in Orthopaedics.8.Board member/committee appointments for a society Knee Society; Eastern Orthopedic Association.
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FERNANDEZ, DENNIS S., and JAMES T. HUIE. "Commentaries & Analyses — Strategic Balancing Of Patent And FDA Approval Processes To Maximize Market Exclusivity." Asia-Pacific Biotech News 07, no. 16 (August 4, 2003): 997–1005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219030303001782.
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The patentability of products is essential in the biotechnology field, for limited market exclusivity compensates biotech companies' investments in research and development. The biotechnology field also uniquely faces Federal Drug Administration (FDA) approval, which includes considerable additional expense and time issues a biotech company must address. Although balancing the patent and FDA approval processes may be complex, various strategies of patent extension, of accelerating approval processes, and of prolonging generic drug companies' market entry can yield higher profit returns and maximize value company value.
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Tournois, Laurent, and Jean-Jacques Chanaron. "Car crisis and renewal: how Mercedes succeeded with the A-Class." Journal of Business Strategy 39, no. 1 (January 15, 2018): 3–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jbs-03-2017-0033.
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Purpose In mature industries, downward vertical (line) extension has become an increasingly popular strategy, particularly for automobile manufacturers aiming at expanding their consumer bases and/or avoiding competition in higher market segment. This paper aims to examine how Mercedes-Benz (MB) practiced a downward vertical line extension within the same product category. When commercialized as a product line innovation, the MB A-Class was the first and most symbolic move made by a premium brand in the automobile industry. Design/methodology/approach This paper investigates the microfoundations of a vertical downward extension strategy. To do so, the authors adopt a narrative style to analyze the story of the MB A-Class from its inception to its commercialization. Secondary data sources, such as company websites, annual reports, internal documents, books, public relations and press releases, were used. Qualitative as well as quantitative performance outcomes were assessed using market and product sales in Western Europe (1997-2016) and the results of an MB brand image survey conducted in 1998 following the accident faced by the A-Class. Findings The case illustrates that contrary to initial assumptions, lower-quality extensions may be relevant for prestige brands under certain conditions and identifies four strategy components that may drive a successful downward stretch: combine organizational, product, process and marketing innovation with the support of dynamic capabilities; manage paradoxes/contradictions in terms of product development; target the high-end of a lower consumer segment; and adopt a “brand humility talk scheme”. Research limitations/implications Existing studies primarily focus on consumers’ evaluations of vertical step-down extensions. Rare are the articles that adopt the company’s perspective. Moreover, additional research is needed to assess the short- and long-term impacts of vertical downward extension on performance outcomes. Practical implications The case of the MB A-Class encourages top executives to consider the trade-offs inherent to a down-market strategic move: keeping the (premium) brand’s standards high within a reduced cost/price envelope while learning the codes of the new/bottom of the market. In addition, the A-Class may serve as a fundamental school case for marketing managers and creative advertising agencies on what should and should not be done, whether at the product or at the advertising level. Originality/value This paper demonstrates that a premium brand that practiced a vertical downward line extension can expand its sales in a mass market, by targeting a small but growing segment with a high willingness to pay for more expensive products. This adds to the contention that it is not the downscale extension product price per se that negatively affects the parent brand but rather where it stands in the hierarchy of the market segment considered and the ability of the premium brand to integrate the downscale extension to its own history (i.e. combining its original values with tangible product benefits while backing the cause of the new market). Finally, the story of the A-Class strongly suggests that any company needs to upgrade its capabilities as part of the learning process of a new market to convert a business opportunity into a market success.
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Haktanır, Elif, and Cengiz Kahraman. "Interval-valued neutrosophic failure mode and effect analysis." Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems 39, no. 5 (November 19, 2020): 6591–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jifs-189121.
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Failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) is a structured approach for discovering possible failures that may occur in the design of a product or process. Since classical FMEA is not sufficient to represent the vagueness and impreciseness in human decisions and evaluations, many extensions of ordinary fuzzy sets such as hesitant fuzzy sets, intuitionistic fuzzy sets, Pythagorean fuzzy sets, spherical fuzzy sets, and picture fuzzy sets. Classical FMEA has been handled to capture the uncertainty through these extensions. Neutrosophic sets is a different extension from the others handling the uncertainty parameters independently. A novel interval-valued neutrosophic FMEA method is developed in this study. The proposed method is presented in several steps with its application to an automotive company in order to prioritize the potential causes of failures during the design process by considering multi-experts’ evaluations.
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Croucher, Richard, Helmut Martens, and Ingo Singe. "A German Employee Network and Union Renewal." Articles 62, no. 1 (May 10, 2007): 143–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/015801ar.
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The paper shows how redundancies were resisted by Hi-Tech workers in a large German company. It details an employee network’s emergence to provide support to individuals and to pursue legal cases against the company, and analyzes the network’s norms and operation. The network operated in complementary ways to the union and works council, to achieve a favourable outcome. The case is used to test theoretical propositions derived from literature on Hi-Tech workers, union renewal and mobilization theory and it is suggested that mobilization theory requires further extension in several directions.
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Putri, Melati Diyani, and Marbudyo Tyas Widodo. "KOMPARASI ANALISIS SWOT DAN SPACE DALAM MENETAPKAN STRATEGI BISNIS BERDASARKAN KONDISI LINGKUNGAN PERUSAHAAN PADA PERUSAHAAN OUTSOURCING." Jurnal Riset Manajemen dan Bisnis 10, no. 2 (October 1, 2015): 201. http://dx.doi.org/10.21460/jrmb.2015.102.269.
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This research was conducted to compare SWOT and SPACE analysis in setting business strategy and formulate an appropriate functional strategy for corporations based on the internal and external environment of the company. The necessary data in this study were obtained through the dissemination of questionnaires, in-depth interviews, and observations directly to the company then analyzed using the case study method. The results in this study indicate that the alternative strategy of SWOT analysis is better to apply for the company than the analysis of SPACE. Then using QSPM matrix that retrieved the most appropriate business strategies for companies based on their environment is an extension of the market both in the geographic or demographic.Key words : Business strategy, SWOT and SPACE analysis, Outsourcing companies
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Wang, Xiaodong. "The Impact of E-Commerce Development on an Example of Jingdong Company." Russian and Chinese Studies 4, no. 3 (November 28, 2020): 205–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.17150/2587-7445.2020.4(3).205-213.
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E-commerce is not only changing the way people transact». This article takes Jingdong Mall as an example to review the development trajectory of China’s e-commerce in the past two decades. Research shows that: the development of e-commerce is promoting the extension of industrial boundaries; driving the reform of the express delivery industry and even the logistics industry; reshaping the supply chain and the optimization process of supply chain management. At the same time, the development of e-commerce requires the support of more public infrastructures and puts forward higher requirements on the government’s market supervision capabilities.
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White, Tom. "Nothing to See Here? The Extension of Parent Company Liability in James Hardie Industries plc v White." Victoria University of Wellington Law Review 51, no. 1 (June 22, 2020): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.26686/vuwlr.v51i1.6522.
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In James Hardie Industries plc v White, the New Zealand Court of Appeal considered circumstances where a parent company could be directly liable for defective products produced by its subsidiary while upholding the principles behind separate corporate personality. The Court passed off the case as an unexceptional development in the law, based on an application of ordinary tort law principles and supported by decisions from overseas jurisdictions. However, the Court neglected to consider the underlying policies of the cases it cited, ignored important distinctions between them and the present case and did not inquire into whether they were in fact relevantly applicable. In fact, the Court extended parent company liability for the acts and omissions of its subsidiary far beyond what courts in overseas jurisdictions have held. In doing so, the Court implicitly lifted the corporate veil and failed to acknowledge the impact such a finding of liability would have on the corporate form.
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Kim, Tae-Min, Kyung-Min Kim, and Jin Woo Park. "The Study of Horizontal Category Brand Extension in Company Growth Strategy : Focus on Timonet Co., Ltd." Journal of Marketing Management Research 26, no. 2 (April 30, 2021): 21–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.37202/kmmr.2021.26.2.21.
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BELLENOIT, HAYDEN. "Between qanungos and clerks: the cultural and service worlds of Hindustan's pensmen, c. 1750–1850." Modern Asian Studies 48, no. 4 (April 23, 2014): 872–910. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x13000218.
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AbstractThis paper argues that our understanding of the transition to colonialism in South Asia can be enriched by examining the formation of revenue collection systems in north India between 1750 and 1850. It examines agrarian revenue systems not through the prism of legalism or landholding patterns, but by looking at the paper and record-based mechanisms by which wealth was actually extracted from India's hinterlands. It also examines the Kayastha pensmen who became an exponentially significant component of an Indo-Muslim revenue administration. They assisted the extension of Mughal revenue collection capabilities as qanungos (registrars) and patwaris (accountants). The intensity of revenue assessment, extraction and collection had increased by the mid 1700s, through the extension of cultivation and assessment by regional Indian kingdoms. The East India Company, in its agrarian revenue settlements in north India, utilized this extant revenue culture to push through savage revenue demands. These Kayastha pensmen thus furnished the ‘young’ Company with the crucial skills, physical records, and legitimacy to garner the agrarian wealth which would fund Britain's Indian empire. These more regular patterns of paper-oriented administration engendered a process of ‘bureaucratization’ and the emergence of the modern colonial state.
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Evangelista de Barros, Omar José, and Cláudio de Araújo Wanderley. "Adaptation of the Balanced Scorecard: Case Study in a Fuel Distribution Company." Revista Contabilidade & Finanças 27, no. 72 (August 18, 2016): 320–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1808-057x201602200.
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ABSTRACT This study aims to analyze and explain the adaptation of the balanced scorecard (BSC), through the theoretical model by Ansari, Fiss and Zajac (2010), in a fuel distribution company (nicknamed Oil Company), which is characterized in this article as a late adopter. By doing so, we place the adaptation process at the heart of our research on the diffusion of management accounting practices. The results showed that the BSC adopted in the Oil Company is compatible with other technologies observed in the organization. Regarding the cultural aspect, there was low adaptation of the practice to the organizational culture; however, no political misfits were observed. Due to this low cultural fit between the BSC and the Oil Company, in the latter the BSC has high fidelity and low extension in relation to the model observed in the extant literature. The article builds on the theoretical and empirical evidence that a specific adaptation pattern depends on the fit between the technical, cultural, and political characteristics of the practice implemented and the characteristics of the company. This is a distinctive aspect of our study, as it seeks to explain variations in the organizational practices by analyzing their consistency with the needs, objectives, and structure of the adopting company, especially considering the cultural and political aspects involved in the adaptation process.
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Sharma, Umesh, Stewart Lawrence, and Alan Lowe. "Accountants as institutional entrepreneurs: changing routines in a telecommunications company." Qualitative Research in Accounting & Management 11, no. 3 (September 23, 2014): 190–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/qram-10-2012-0047.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explicate the role of institutional entrepreneurs who use accounting technology to accomplish change within a privatised telecommunications company. Design/methodology – The case study method is adopted. The authors draw on recent extension to institutional theory that gives greater emphasis to agency including concepts such as embeddedness, institutional entrepreneurs and institutional contradiction. Findings – As part of the consequences of new public management reforms, we illustrate how institutional entrepreneurs de-established an older state-run bureaucratic and engineering-based routine and replaced it with a business- and accounting-based routine. Eventually, new accounting routines were reproduced and taken for granted by telecommunications management and employees. Research Limitations/implications – As this study is limited to a single case study, no generalisation except to theory can be made. There are implications for privatisation of state sector organisations both locally and internationally. Originality/value – The paper makes a contribution to elaborating the role of institutional entrepreneurs as agents of change towards privatisation and how accounting was used as a technology of change.
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R, Syachruddin A., Syukur Syukur, Septy Suryaningsih, Ratri Rahmawati, and Asim L. Khan. "Effect of Shell Color and Nursery Depth on the Growth of Pearl Oyster Pinctada Maxima in Tekalok West Nusa Tenggara IndonesiaEffect of Shell Color and Nursery Depth on the Growth of Pearl Oyster Pinctada Maxima in Tekalok West Nusa Tenggara Indonesia." Indonesian Journal of Science and Technology 3, no. 2 (August 30, 2018): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.17509/ijost.v3i2.12754.
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The correlation between shell color and pearl oyster growth rates during the breeding phase is not well known and is then explored in this study. In addition, the effect of breeding depth on the growth is also assessed. The tests were conducted by monitoring the growth during a nursing season at a local company at Tekalok, East Lombok, Indonesia. The growth rates were measured from length extension, width extension and weight gain of a total of 4,493 seed samples over a three months nursing period. Results showed that average growth of each group of shell color was homogeneous with acceptable variance. The average length extension of all samples was 1.085 cm/month. The shell color significantly correlates with length extension, in which the yellow one being the highest elongation rate. However, no significant difference in width extension and weight gain was found at a specific condition. A slight decline in growth rate was shown at higher depth, but overall variations in growth rates are insignificant. Since the quality of the resulting pearls is better at higher depth, breeding should be done at higher depth, and further growth after nucleus inclusion can be done at lower depth to yield both optimum growth and high-quality pearl.
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Kim, Yong-Il, and Jang-Hyun Nam. "The effect of brand equity of casual restaurant on parent company brand familiarity and extension brand attitude." Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Studies 21, no. 1 (February 28, 2019): 143–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.31667/jhts.2019.2.78.143.
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Falih, Noureddine, Brahim Jabir, and Khalid Rahmani. "Systemic approach for optimizing information technology resource as a contribution of information system governance." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 14, no. 1 (April 1, 2019): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v14.i1.pp135-142.
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<p> Information technology (IT) resource management is considered as one of the main pillars of Information System (IS) governance in the company. In this article, we propose a systemic approach from the structural paradigm based essentially on the formal extension of the ISO 19440 Meta-model. This structure contains specific constructs from the Cobit framework and system tools as the Galois lattices, likely to bring a better vision of the use of IT resource in the company. This technique allows a systemic analysis applied to special structural matrices to evaluate the deployment mode of IT resource to achieve business processes. Such approach allows a good optimization of IT resource as a pragmatic and effective contribution to Information System governance.</p>
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Kemble, J. M., W. T. Kelly, G. J. Holmes, and D. C. Sanders. "THE SOUTHEASTERN VEGETABLE CROPS GUIDELINES AND SEVEW MEETING." HortScience 40, no. 3 (June 2005): 870c—870. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.40.3.870c.
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Initiated by DC Sanders, the Southeastern Vegetable Crops Guidelines (SVCG) represents a major regional collaborative effort of Extension Specialists from Alabama, Louisiana, Georgia, Mississippi, North Carolina, and South Carolina whose aim is to produce an annually updated, all-in-one, fits on the dashboard of your truck reference for commercial vegetable growers and Extension workers for the Southeastern US. The first edition was developed in 1998 and published in 1999 as a “for pay” publication, but subsequent editions have employed a partnering with a corporate sponsor and publication company resulting in faster turnaround for printing and a no-cost publication. Each August, a team of Extension Vegetable Specialists, Extension Plant Pathologist, Extension Weed Specialists and Extension Entomologist from around the southeastern US meet for the Southeastern Extension Vegetables Workers (SEVEW) meeting. At this 2-day meeting, the participants' primary focus is to review, rewrite, refine, and update the current year's recommendations for the next edition of the SVCG. Although this publication is mainly used by the states listed, researchers and specialists from other states (FL, KY, OK, VA, TN) annually participate in this meeting. The SEVEW meeting has developed into an opportune forum for dialogues and exchanges updating each other as to the present critical issues in our respective states. Several land-grants are in the process of or are counting the SVCG/SEVEW as part of their federally-mandated multistate programming. Additionally, the SEVCG and SEVEW meeting are officially recognized as a Regional Project by CSREES. The 2005 edition can be found at http://www.aces.edu/dept/com_veg/2005_SEVCG.pdf.
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Li, Yu, Yongjun Hua, and Zhiyong Zhu. "Effects of the Adoption of Technology Combinations Beyond Standardized Systems on the Income of Chinese Tobacco Farmers." Journal of Agricultural Science 13, no. 8 (July 15, 2021): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v13n8p31.
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Using the microdata for tobacco farmer households in Chongqing, China, this article analyses the determinants of adopting additional multiple agricultural technologies and their impact on income based on implementing a standardized technology system by a tobacco company. In this paper, selection bias from the observed and unobserved heterogeneity was corrected using a multinomial endogenous treatment effects model, and the endogenous properties were eliminated. The empirical results show that the adoption of a variety of additional agricultural technologies was determined by famer’s education level, years of tobacco planting, household size, number of technical training sessions, distance from farmer’s family to the nearest tobacco technology extension station, distance from farmer’s family to the nearest township, proportion of land suitable for machine farming, proportion of leased land. Different from empirical judgment, integrated pest management and balanced fertilization are the most effective additional technology combination strategies for increasing farmers’ income instead of combining all additional comprehensive technologies. The research results suggest that Chongqing Tobacco Company should further strengthen the training of tobacco farmers and guide tobacco farmers to take appropriate pesticide and fertilizer input beyond the standardized technical system, especially for those tobacco farmers far away from the tobacco technology extension station.
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Sundling, Rikard, Åke Blomsterberg, and Anne Landin. "Enabling energy-efficient renovation: the case of vertical extension to buildings." Construction Innovation 19, no. 1 (March 5, 2019): 2–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ci-04-2018-0034.
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Purpose This paper is based on a study of six similar buildings built in Gothenburg, Sweden, in 1971, which were in urgent need of renovation. A life cycle profit analysis shows how four competing concepts were evaluated to find a financially viable renovation concept; additionally, the environmental impacts of these renovation concepts using a life cycle assessment are presented. Design/methodology/approach Four renovation concepts are compared to find the most appropriate concept, namely, minimalist, code-compliant, low-energy and low-energy plus vertical extension concepts. The methods used for comparison are life cycle profit analysis and life cycle impact assessment; the methods used for data gathering included site visits, interviews, document study, co-benefits study and energy simulation. Findings The findings show that vertical extension supported the energy-efficient renovation of the buildings and that the combination of low-energy and the vertical extension had the highest return on investment and the lowest environmental impact. The selected concept for renovating the remaining five buildings combined was the low-energy plus vertical extension. Additional benefits from vertical extension include more apartments in central locations for the housing company, a wider variety of apartment layouts and a wider range of tenants. Drawbacks include increased use of infrastructure, green space and common appliances, as well as gentrification. Originality/value This study shows how a vertical extension can financially enable an energy-efficient renovation and further lower its environmental impact. Benefits and drawbacks of densification are also highlighted to better understand the implementation of vertically extending a building.
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Alherian, Nuri, Vesna Spasojević-Brkić, Martina Perišić, and Abdulghder Alsharif. "Integrated risk management model implementation's contextual dependence on company size." Tehnika 76, no. 3 (2021): 361–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/tehnika2103361a.
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Novel integrated risk management model for standardized management systems, such as ISO 9001:2015 for quality management systems, ISO 14001:2015 for environmental management systems, ISO/IEC 27001:2013 for information security management systems, ISO 45001:2018 for occupational health and safety management systems, and ISO 22000:2018 for food safety management systems, has been proposed in order to enable that organizations can manage their processes and associated risks versus requirements of each internal and external stakeholder, due to the fact that those models rarely exist in literature. Proposed model consists of three levels - correspondence, coordination and integration and put in place a clear and structured approach to controlling organizational risks. Using sample of 30 Serbian companies the proposed model has been checked empirically to contextual independence of proposed model using Mann-Whitney U*test and it has been proved that model is context free and applicable to companies different in size since there were no differences between micro & small vs. medium & large companies. Limitation of this research for sure is the sample size, so its extension is recommended. Further recommendation for future research is also a more detailed analysis on collected data done by using more sophisticated statistical analysis tools, such as regression analysis, structural equations modeling and similar to see interrelations between variables in the proposed model.
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Mushtaq, Mudassar, Sajida Parveen, and Muhammad Furqan Ashraf. "Impact of Corporate Governance on a Firms Financial Performance (The Case of Pakistan)." I IV, no. I (March 30, 2019): 11–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/ger.2019(iv-i).03.
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Analyst attempts to best find the job of corporate governance (CG) on the evolvement/execution of the company just as on other budgetary choices. In this examination CG is estimated by utilizing five factors board size (S), executive gatherings, CEO duality, level of non-official directors (Dirs). also, the level of autonomous Dirs. ROA isnt influenced by the scale/size of the board and effect irrelevantly. Board size in the setting of Pakistan cant develop a reason to increment or diminish organization ROA. Non-official executives job doesnt validate the addition in the evolvement of the organization just as in ROA of organization. Organization evolvement and ROA are related adversely with the extent of executives who are not Dirs. The companys extension in size is enormous or little cat build the productivity of the organization in using the benefits for remittance, it generally relies upon the capacities of bosses as opposed to (S).
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Weststeijn, Arthur. "The VOC as a Company-State: Debating Seventeenth-Century Dutch Colonial Expansion." Itinerario 38, no. 1 (April 2014): 13–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0165115314000035.
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AbstractWhat was seventeenth-century Dutch expansion in Southeast Asia all about? In the traditional historiography, the Dutch East India Company (VOC) was predominantly presented as a multinational corporation and non-state colonial actor. Recent research, however, has significantly challenged this view, stressing instead the imperial aspects of VOC rule. This article aims to break new ground by analysing the vocabularies used in seventeenth-century reasoning about Dutch expansion overseas. Focusing on three critics of the VOC from the 1660s and 1670s, Pieter van Dam, Pieter de la Court, and Pieter van Hoorn, the article shows how voices within and outside of the ranks of the Company tried to make sense of the many-faced VOC as a commercial company that was also, in different ways, a state. In an on-going debate that centred on the issues of colonisation, conquest, free trade, and monopoly, the VOC was characterised as a distinctive political body that operated as an overseas extension of the state (Van Dam), as a competitor of the state (De la Court), or as a state as such (Van Hoorn). Following Philip J. Stern's recent analysis of the English East India Company, the VOC should therefore be considered to be a particular political institution in its own terms, which challenged its critics to think about it as a body politic that was neither corporation nor empire, but rather a Company-State.
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Christ, Katherine Leanne, Roger Burritt, and Mohsen Varsei. "Towards environmental management accounting for trade-offs." Sustainability Accounting, Management and Policy Journal 7, no. 3 (September 5, 2016): 428–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sampj-12-2015-0112.
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Purpose Environmental Management Accounting (EMA) information has become synonymous with win-win decision settings, but this paper aims to consider how EMA support can be extended to company managers who face the dynamics of win-wins and trade-offs. Design/methodology/approach Based on extant literature, the paper suggests an important extension of the use of EMA in support of management decision-making. The need for extended consideration and use of EMA to help overcome trade-offs is illustrated using the case of a wine bottling plant location decision by an Australian company in a global supply chain transporting wine from Australia to North America and Europe. Findings Results confirm the need to add to the broader use of EMA to assist managers attempting to solve real world trade-off problems between economic performance, carbon equivalent emissions reduction and water risk reduction. Research limitations/implications Generalisation of the single wine company case illustration to other companies and similar industry settings remains to be investigated. Practical implications Trade-offs are considered between economic benefit and two environmental performance matters of concern to the company, carbon equivalent emissions reduction and water risk reduction. Originality/value The paper introduces the notion of extending the use of EMA as a pragmatic way for managers to assess trade-off situations with environmental alternatives where no optimal solution is available. Value is added through the real case study of an Australian wine company.
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Cordes, Regina V. Frey, Meike Eilert, Denise Demisch, and Tomás Bayón. "Cause-Company Fit in Cause-Related Marketing Campaigns and Consumer Outcomes: A Replication and Extension Using Field Data." Journal of Marketing Behavior 4, no. 2-4 (2020): 239–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1561/107.00000068.
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Wang, Donghui, Weiya Chen, Hong Shi, Xiaoping Fang, and Wei Luo. "Forecasting inter-urban transport demand for a logistics company: A combined grey–periodic extension model with remnant correction." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 7, no. 12 (December 2015): 168781401562007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1687814015620073.
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KAWAKAMI, Norito, and Yuko FUJIGAKI. "Reliability and Validity of the Japanese Version of Job Content Questionnaire: Replication and Extension in Computer Company Employees." INDUSTRIAL HEALTH 34, no. 4 (1996): 295–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.2486/indhealth.34.295.
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Selishchev, S. V. "Audit Evidence Supporting Going Concern of a Company." Statistics of Ukraine 82, no. 3 (September 4, 2018): 78–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.31767/su.3(82)2018.03.09.
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The information base providing the audit evidence of going concern of a company is studied. The requirements on the quantity and quality of the audit evidence to be obtained by the audit of financial statements are determined. Particular attention is paid to the procedural provision for the assessment of the risk of company termination in the foreseeable future. In view of the current auditing practice, auditors demand the extension and adaptation of the going concern when preparing financial statements by management personnel, provisions and recommendations of the respective standard for solving problems related with the methodology for testing the validity of the abovementioned assumptions. The article’s objective is to study, systematize and implement provisions of International Standards on Auditing (ISA) and general theoretical organization and methodical approaches to obtaining audit evidence of the going concern of a company.
According to ISA, the auditor’s purpose is to develop and fulfill the audit procedures in a manner allowing him to obtain the audit evidence that is sufficient and appropriate for formulating justified conclusions laying the ground for the auditor’s opinion.
A literature review shows that the modern theoretical and methodological framework of audit does not offer methodological tools for the effective assessment of the economic performance of a company for purposes of defining the termination risks. A study of the issue of testing the validity of the application of the going concern when preparing financial statements shows that the auditors are required to be competent in indicative economic parameters and items of financial statements, reflecting, first and foremost, the economic capabilities and economic performance of a company.
The study of the application of the procedural provision recommended by ISA for identification and assessment of indicative performance parameters of a company is used to develop a combination of audit procedures and methods for evaluating the results of their implementation, which allows for the reliable assessment of the risk of the company’s termination in the foreseeable future.
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Kliunya, V., and V. Kozlovskaya. "Institutional change contributing to the creation of a more favorable business environment for the effective development of entrepreneurial activity in the Republic of Belarus." Vestnik of Polotsk State University. Part D. Economic and legal sciences, no. 6 (August 15, 2021): 23–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.52928/2070-1632-2021-57-6-23-29.
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This article discusses the basic structural elements of the business environment, such as competition, judicial system, business integrity, the extension of the range of e-government services, company registration, business licenses and bankruptcy. On the basis of the study were made recommendations for the improvement of the business environment which will allow the government to form a comprehensive economic policy, contributing to the effective conduct of entrepreneurial activities in our country, what will create a level playing field for human self-realization.
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Faozi, Imam, and Errythrina Vinnifera Arnyke. "STRATEGI PEMASARAN OBAT HEWAN SATWA UNGGUL BLITAR (Studi Kasus Di Desa Sanankulon Kecamatan Sanankulon Kabupaten Blitar)." AVES: Jurnal Ilmu Peternakan 11, no. 1 (June 5, 2017): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.35457/aves.v11i1.321.
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The purpose of this study is to examine the marketing mix strategy that has been applied by the company in its business development, to analyze the internal and external environment condition faced by PT Satwa Unggul, to formulate the best alternative marketing strategy of PT Satwa Unggul by considering the company environment to be able to compete in the market. The data collected are primary and secondary data that are qualitative. The research method used in this study is primary data obtained from recording and direct interviews with leaders, employees, and customers. Secondary data is obtained from the report where the company jemen and literature in the form of library materials taken from previous research. The marketing mix strategy being carried out by the company concerning the product strategy (brand awareness on the brand), pricing strategy (discounted price), distribution strategy (three distribution patterns), and promotion strategy (animal inspection and free extension services) can assessed to have successfully accommodate the needs of customers with various facilities and company benefits. Based on internal environmental analysis with Descriptive Analysis can be seen that PT Satwa Unggul has a strong internal position. This means the company has been able to use its strengths and overcome its weaknesses quite well. Company's strengths include: affordable prices, good product quality, specialized workforces, sales with personal selling, and sales targets for large farmers. While the weakness of the company in the form: strong influence of leadership, capital limitations, delay in delivery time, no exclusive contract with customers, and the absence of R & D activities. Based on the analysis of the external environment with Descriptive Analysis, it can be seen that PT Satwa Unggul also has a strong external position, because it has been able to take advantage of opportunities and can handle the threat quite well .keyword : marketing strategy, satwa unggul, analyze
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Faozi, Imam, and Errythrina Vinnifera Arnyke. "STRATEGI PEMASARAN OBAT HEWAN SATWA UNGGUL BLITAR (Studi Kasus Di Desa Sanankulon Kecamatan Sanankulon Kabupaten Blitar)." AVES: Jurnal Ilmu Peternakan 11, no. 1 (June 5, 2017): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.30957/aves.v11i1.321.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this study is to examine the marketing mix strategy that has been applied by the company in its business development, to analyze the internal and external environment condition faced by PT Satwa Unggul, to formulate the best alternative marketing strategy of PT Satwa Unggul by considering the company environment to be able to compete in the market. The data collected are primary and secondary data that are qualitative. The research method used in this study is primary data obtained from recording and direct interviews with leaders, employees, and customers. Secondary data is obtained from the report where the company jemen and literature in the form of library materials taken from previous research. The marketing mix strategy being carried out by the company concerning the product strategy (brand awareness on the brand), pricing strategy (discounted price), distribution strategy (three distribution patterns), and promotion strategy (animal inspection and free extension services) can assessed to have successfully accommodate the needs of customers with various facilities and company benefits. Based on internal environmental analysis with Descriptive Analysis can be seen that PT Satwa Unggul has a strong internal position. This means the company has been able to use its strengths and overcome its weaknesses quite well. Company's strengths include: affordable prices, good product quality, specialized workforces, sales with personal selling, and sales targets for large farmers. While the weakness of the company in the form: strong influence of leadership, capital limitations, delay in delivery time, no exclusive contract with customers, and the absence of R & D activities. Based on the analysis of the external environment with Descriptive Analysis, it can be seen that PT Satwa Unggul also has a strong external position, because it has been able to take advantage of opportunities and can handle the threat quite well .keyword : marketing strategy, satwa unggul, analyze
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Azheri, Busyra, and Upita Anggunsuri. "The Implementation of Business Judgment Rule Principle in Managing the Company." Nagari Law Review 3, no. 2 (April 28, 2020): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/nalrev.v.3.i.2.p.32-44.2020.
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A business decision is very important to determine the quality of the Board of Directors in carrying out their duties professionally and responsibly as expected by Good Corporate Governance (GCG). The effectiveness of the Board of Directors is the center of the implementation of Good Corporate Governance. Bank Business is very risky (such: credit risk, reputation risk, etc.). The Board of Directors in making a business decision, will always face unpredictable condition. In Banking practice, the Head of Branch Office Bank is the extension of Director, if the Head of Branch Office Bank signs credit agreement out of the rules (plafond). His action has categorized as ultra vires, so the consequence is the Head of Branch Office Bank can be held responsible for his action. In this case, the Board of Directors has not taken responsibility for the action of the Head of Branch Bank, based on Business Judgment Principle, the Director has not taken its responsibility for ultra vires act which is done by the Head of Branch Office Bank, as along as Director has managed the Company in good faith, carefully and does not against the law. Therefore, Business Judgment Principle gives legal protection to the Director in making a business decision