Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Comparaison des approches expérimentales et numériques'
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Letty, Camille. "Etude d'une flamme en V diphasique : Approches expérimentale et numérique." Rouen, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ROUES036.
Full textThis work deals with V-shaped two-phase flames stabilised in a pseudo-laminar or moderated turbulent flow. Some gaseous fuel is also injected to help turbulent flames stabilisation. An experimental approach and a numerical approach (Direct Numerical Simulation) are conducted simultaneously. The same tools are used for post-processing of experimental and numerical data. The flow is experimentally charaterised in term of droplet size distribution (Malvern), turbulent properties (PIV), qualitative fuel repartition (PLIF on acetone) and droplet temperature distribution (rainbow refractometry). The gaseous flow is numerically defined by Navier-Stokes equations in an eulerian framework. Two-way coupling is use to determine interaction of gaseous and liquid phases. A lagrangian solver is used for the dispersed phase. Chemical kinetics is derived from complex chemistry results computed with Chemkin (San Diego mechanism for n-heptane with acetone oxydation reactions). Flame front is artificially thickened (Flame thickness factor and efficiency function). This enables reduction of the mesh size which is time saving. Mean geometrical and local properties of the flame front are determined: morphology, flame angle, progress variable, flame brush evolution, curvature and strain rate. The mean flame angle is used to ajust DNS parameters. The evolution of the droplets mean temperature is presented for different turbulent conditions and from experimental and numerical approaches. DNS fields are used to develop a calculation method of strain rate from experimental data following tensorial method
Crambuer, Romain. "Contribution à l'identification de l'amortissement : approches expérimentales et numériques." Phd thesis, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00957320.
Full textRupin, Matthieu. "Cavité réverbérante et résonateurs sub-longueur d'onde : approches numériques et expérimentales." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENY082/document.
Full textThis thesis is divided into two parts. First, we present a new technique for focusing waves with one emitter in reverberant cavity (OCIF) inspired by inverse filter algorithm. Through the experimental study of reverberant cavities in the field of ultrasound, we demonstrate the ability of the OCIF to optimize the focusing no matter what type of cavity (ergodic type or not). In a second part, we investigate the propagation of elastic waves in a system formed by a set of aluminum rods glued to a thin plate of the same material. These rods form a set of quasi-punctual resonators in the propagation plane of waves. It is possible to arrange them periodically or randomly on a subwavelength scale. The metamaterial thus formed shows a complex wave field within it, including the presence of wide prohibited frequency ranges (bandgaps). The experimental and numerical approaches described in this manuscript show the existence of both flexural and compressional resonances in the resonators. Added to the presence of a conversion of a portion of the energy from the $A0$ Lamb mode to the $S0$ one in the plate, such a complexity makes this type of metamaterials, quite unusual objects at the mesoscopic scale
Guinot, Florent. "Interactions houle-courant en bathymétrie variable : approches numériques et expérimentales." Brest, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BRES2069.
Full textMarais, Louise. "Caractérisation mécanique de la paroi artérielle pathologique : approches expérimentales et numériques." Thesis, Paris Est, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PESC0084.
Full textVascular pathologies are generally accompanied by a remodeling of the arterial wall that may lead to modifications of its stiffness and mechanical behavior. The goal of this thesis is to propose methods of mechanical characterization allowing to detect the changes in arterial mechanical properties in the case of two pathologies: abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) and arterial hypertension (HTA). The first study consisted in evaluating in vitro the arterial functional modifications in the case of an AAA obtained by the rat xenograft model which reproduces several biological features of the human pathology and is used to develop cell therapies. First, the assessment of regional variations in mechanical properties of aneurysmal tissue was conducted by carrying out traction tests on rings from AAAs. Then, extension-inflation tests were conducted on the vascular structure for loading conditions replicating those observed in vivo. In each case, an inverse method associated with a numerical finite element model was developed to identify the material parameters of vascular tissue. In the second study, arterial stiffness was measured in vivo for a population of hypertensive patients and healthy subjects using two non-invasive methods which were developed and optimized: ultrafast imaging of the pulse wave and shear wave elastography of the arterial wall. These two methods are based on an ultrafast ultrasound scanner. Thus the local pulse wave velocity on a segment of the carotid artery was assessed, as well as the propagation speed of shear waves created in the arterial wall at several moments during the cardiac cycle. Both in vitro and in vivo approaches enabled to evaluate some changes in mechanical properties of the arterial wall in pathological cases. Although all the biological mechanisms of AAA and HTA are complex, this work provides a contribution to a better understanding of vascular pathologies and can thereby assist in the choice or development of adapted treatments, from both a pharmacological point of view, and within the context of new cell therapies
Nguyen, Tuan Anh. "Approches expérimentales et numériques pour l'étude des transferts hygroscopiques dans le bois." Thesis, Limoges, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIMO0034/document.
Full textIn civil engineering constructions, the development of timber structures requires today to managers works some diagnostic tools and monitoring systems to monitor pathologies (excessive deflections, cracks, biological attack, etc.) but also to control moisture content in the element sections. In the last context, the proposed work in this PhD thesis is the development of a tool for characterization of the moisture content map in the cross sections of structural elements. Studied method is based on the resistivity measuring, comprising a measuring head (resistivity meter) associated with many connected probes in a multiplexed system, and an inverse method implemented in a finite element software. In the first part, it is studied the techniques of characterization of diffusion properties in wood samples characterized by orthotropic and nonlinear behaviors according to average moisture content measurements (gravimetric method) and spatial profiles gamma densitometer measures. It is shown that the coupling of the two measurements provides the intrinsic properties with more reliability and more robustness. The second part deals with the development of an experimental protocol in order to achieve 1D and 2D mapping of the moisture content field in a cross section. The technique is based on the generalization of multiplexed resistivity geophysical methods used in the study of stratified soils with 2-dimensional geometries. The algorithm is based on the coupling between the resistivity measurements and an inverse multiplexed analysis implemented in a finite element code. The 1D solution provides spatial profiles which can replace gamma densitometer measures. For a selected section, 2D profiles allow estimating the moisture content field at any point and thus provide a time tracking of moisture profiles
Amaied, Emna. "Effet du vieillissement cutané sur la perception tactile : approches expérimentales et numériques." Lyon, Université de Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSEE003.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to study the effect of aging on the viscoelastic properties of the finger and the tactile perception. The understanding of tactile perception related to age requires further development of experimental and Numerical approaches. The skin tissue as sensory organ is presented. To asses the effect of age and gender effect, an xperimental device designed and producted in the laboratory is used. This device allows soliciting the skin of the finger in vivo, with a controlled air pressure and identifying the viscoelastic parameters. This expérimental study allowed calculating of the mechanical properties of the finger pad. The experimental study is accompanied with a multilayer axisymmetric two-dimensional FEM model of the human finger developed to reproduce the test creep. This model was used to calculate the instantaneous modulus of elasticity of each layer of the finger by a reverse approach. An experimental study of tactile acuity was conducted of the human finger. This shows a deficit of tactile acuity of aged subjects. This study identified the threshold of tactile acuity in each age group and allowed the understanding of the interactions of the sensory receptors with the stimulus. The study of the effect of aging on the active touch with an experimental approach was conducted. An innovative device developped in the laboratory, was used to quantify vibrations induced when a human finger explores a textured surface. These vibrations are the source of excitation of sensory receptors and have a big role in the sensation of active touch. The effect of age shows a significant decrease in vibration level. The numerical study in the last chapter was used to study for the first time the deficit due to aging in terms of vertical and special resolutions of textured surfaces
Sinou, Jean-Jacques. "Dynamique non-linéaire des structures complexes, fixes et tournantes. Approches théoriques, numériques et expérimentales." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00260913.
Full textDans une première partie, le rôle joué par les phénomènes non-linéaires en dynamique des structures et le développement de méthodes non-linéaires sont illustrés à travers trois axes de recherche.
Le premier axe porte sur la stabilité et la dynamique non-linéaire des systèmes frottants. On se propose de déterminer les zones stables et instables, ainsi que les niveaux vibratoires lorsque le système dynamique non-linéaire est sujet à une instabilité de type flottement. Pour ce faire, des approches se basant sur des réductions et/ou approximations des solutions sont développées et validées sur des exemples industriels (freins automobile et aéronautique).
Le deuxième axe se focalise sur la détection des fissures dans les systèmes tournants et cherche à définir des critères de détection des fissures se basant sur les réponses dynamiques non-linéaires (résonances sous-harmoniques, ordres, orbites, interaction fissure-balourds,...). Des approches théoriques, numériques et expérimentales sont menées en parallèle afin de statuer sur la pertinence et la robustesse des critères proposés.
Le troisième axe s'intéresse à la problématique de la dynamique non-linéaire des systèmes mono et bi rotor à travers des approches numériques et expérimentales. Ces recherches proposent de statuer sur la prise en compte des phénomènes non-linéaires et de la modélisation des organes associés lors du dimensionnement des systèmes tournants à partir de l'étude du comportement vibratoire (diagramme de Campbell, réponses non-linéaires et orbites, évolution des ordres,...).
Dans un second temps, l'accent est porté sur les perspectives de recherches et sur les ouvertures scientifiques envisageables sur des thématiques transversales.
Compère, Fabrice. "Transport et rétention de particules argileuses en milieu poreux saturé : approches expérimentales et numériques." Poitiers, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999POIT2301.
Full textDiouf, Abdou khadre. "Approches numériques et expérimentales pour l’étude des écoulements dans les laboratoires géologiques sur puce (GLoCs)." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0951/document.
Full textThis thesis work is included within the ANR CGS µLab projet, which aims to understand thefundamental mechanisms involved in the deep storage processes of CO2 from on-chip geological laboratories(GLoCs - geological labs on chip) to reproduce the pressure and temperature conditionsof deep geological environments. Besides experimental understanding, the contribution of numericalmodeling approaches appears essential in order to define models allowing to predict in particularthe maximum storage capacities based on the characteristics of the reservoirs (porosity, permeability,temperature, pressure, geochemistry), and the injection process (flow rate, composition). In thiscontext, this work has two main goals : (i) to associate experimental imaging and numerical modelingto simulate non-reactive flows in model porous media on chip ; and (ii) to follow experimentally thestructural evolution of a 3D porous medium undergoing a reactive flow. In order to address to thesegoals, the approach we have proposed is divided into two parts. In the first part, we carried out the3D modeling of the permeabilities of GLoCs by taking volume averaging. To do this, we first verifiedthe behavior of a GLoC according to its number of plots rows by studying a diffusion problem ona nested mesh that we have implemented from a GLoC binary image to reduce computation time.Then, we updated our permeability code, which solves the closure problem of flow, by analyticallycalculating in 3D the stability criterion that takes into account the anisotropy of GLoC geometry. Wethen processed the 2D digital images of the GLoCs before proceeding with the generation of their3D representative elementary volumes. Finally, we have simulated the permeabilities of GLoCs beforecomparing them with the experimental results and those obtained with the PHOENICS software. In asecond part, we have developed an experimental set-up to recreate 3D reactive porous media within amicrofluidic channel (fixed packed bed of calcium carbonate - CaCO3 microparticles). Using the X-raylaminography of the ESRF line ID19, we have observed on reconstructed 2D images the dissolutionphenomena occurring during the successive injection of constant volumes of non-equilibrium solution.This proof of concept has opened new possibilities for using this methodology to acquire kinetic dataon reactive front phenomena in porous media
Du, Rou. "Mise en forme à chaud de tôles fines en alliage AA 5383 : Approches expérimentales et numériques." Thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ENAM0030/document.
Full textAluminum alloys have been extensively used in the automotive and marine industry due to the advantages of low density, high strength to weight ratio and good corrosion resistance. Major challenge of their application lies in the ability to form deep-drawing shapes. Superplastic Forming is widely used to produce this type of parts. However, high forming cycle time due to the low forming strain rate limits their wide application. The present dissertation focuses on hot forming strategies to produce deep drawing parts from AA5383 aluminum thin sheets. The main objective is to reduce the forming time without sacrificing the part integrity. Firstly, the hot deformation behavior of the AA5383 alloy is experimentally characterized. An experimental campaign, including uniaxial tension, notched tension, shear and free bulging tests, is performed to cover an important range of temperatures (623~723 K) and strain rates (10-4~10-1 s-1). Then, the material models, such as a composite flow rule with the BBC2003 anisotropic yield criterion and the modified Mohr-Coulomb damage criterion, are developed and implemented in ABAQUS by using user subroutine. Finally, the numerical simulations of the gas forming processes are performed and compared with the corresponding experimental results
Elmeguenni, Mohamed. "Effet de la triaxialité sur le comportement et la rupture du polyéthylène haute densité : approches expérimentales et numériques." Thesis, Lille 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LIL10035.
Full textIn a first part of this thesis, an experimental approach based on macroscopic measurements and microscopic observations (SEM and OM) led to a better understanding of damage mechanisms in high density polyethylene (HDPE) and its stress triaxiality sensitivity. In order to examine higher stress triaxiality values, cracked samples were experimentally examined in a second part. Based on the obtained results, the relevance of the fracture mechanics concepts to characterize the fracture toughness of HDPE was critically discussed. The investigation was performed using two well-known approaches of the fracture mechanics – J-integral and EWF – using different specimen configurations (SENB, CT and DENT). To gain insight into the strain field around the crack tip, digital image correlation method was used. The third part was focused on the demonstration of the relevance of ductile damage models (based on the void volume evolution as indicator of damage) to predict the mechanical and damage behaviour of HDPE and that, until complete failure. A special attention was paid on the stress triaxiality effects. Two failure criteria using complementary approaches were examined. These approaches were found relevant in the case of HDPE. Indeed, a good agreement was found between the numerical simulations and the experimental results in terms of overall response of axisymmetric samples (true stress-strain-volumetric response) and of cracked samples (load-displacement response) and in terms of local response corresponding to kinematics fields
Huchette, Cédric. "Sur la complémentarité des approches expérimentales et numériques pour la modélisation des mécanismes d'endommagement des composites stratifiés." Paris 6, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA066513.
Full textJaber, Jana. "Application de la fabrication additive à la modélisation physique des joints et des massifs rocheux, par approches expérimentales et numériques." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LORR0071.
Full textThis thesis presents a study of the application of additive manufacturing (known as 3D printing) to rock mechanics. It is part of a larger project aimed at building a 2m3 physical model of an explicit discontinuous rock mass, whose behaviour is mainly controlled by discontinuities. The 3DP technology adopted in this work is selective laser sintering, and the material is Polyamide 12. First, we present the experimental results of the mechanical characterization of artificial rock joints constructed by 3DP. Two joint families are tested. The first is characterized by a fixed aperture (0,4mm), a simplified geometry (planar or sawtooth), and containing rock bridges. The mechanical characterization shows that these joints exhibit a mechanical behavior similar to that of natural rock joints under shear tests, with a cohesion driven by the rock bridges, and a friction angle which depends on the angle of the asperities. The second family consists of joints with more realistic roughnesses, to which a JRC value, commonly used to describe natural joints, can be assigned. Again, experimental results show the potential of artificial joints to reproduce the mechanical behavior of natural joints, and to respect the Barton-Bandis criterion. Experimental studies are coupled with numerical modeling, using the UDEC software, to define the appropriate model that reproduces the experimental results, and to calibrate the mechanical parameters of both joints type. After defining different artificial joints with controlled parameters, cylindrical samples (16 x 32 cm) containing two and eight planar discontinuities with rock bridges are printed and tested under uni-axial compression. This is a first attempt at an explicitly discontinuous physical model containing joints with controlled mechanical behaviour. The mechanical behavior of these samples highlights the influence of discontinuities in controlling the global behavior and resistance of rock masses. The results are then compared to a numerical modeling under 3EDC. Finally, scaling laws are applied to the previous results. The application of scale factors to the experimental results shows the possibility of representing natural rock mass and rock joints with artificial 3DP joints (SLS technique) up to a scale factor on metric dimensions of 1/25
Ciblac, Thierry. "Stabilité de la zone non soutenue dans le creusement de tunnels en terrains meubles sans pressurisation : Approches expérimentales et numériques." Lyon, INSA, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ISAL0051.
Full textUnderground excavation without pressurization implies that both heading and lateral sides remain unsupported for a certain time. Besides a key issue lies in the control of the stability of the unsupported area and settlements due to excavation, particularly in soft grounds. In order to study the stability of this area characterized by its length (free length) and its height (free height), a numerical approach and an experimental approach on a small-scale model have been developed. The numerical model is based on a failure calculation method considering 3D rupture mechanisms. It allows the determination of the safety factor for the heading and the lateral areas as a function of free length and free height, and taking into account the arching effect for soils above the tunnel. A comparison between this model and other numerical methods shows its wider field of application and leads to results in better agreement with real tunnels. The experimental approaches have been carried out on two small-scale models of different sizes with the same equivalent ground material modeled by a mixture of sand and kaolin and that satisfies the similarity conditions. Excavation tests are in good agreement with our numerical prediction of rupture mechanisms. Also our first quantitative results regarding the larger small-scale model agree well with numerical simulation results, suggesting that it provides a reasonably accurate picture of a full-scale tunnel
Ayed, Yessine. "Approches expérimentales et numériques de l'usinage assisté jet d'eau haute pression : étude des mécanismes d'usure et contribution à la modélisation multi-physiques de la coupe." Phd thesis, Ecole nationale supérieure d'arts et métiers - ENSAM, 2013. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00973532.
Full textAyed, Yessine. "Approches expérimentales et numériques de l’usinage assisté jet d'eau haute pression : étude des mécanismes d'usure et contribution à la modélisation multi-physiques de la coupe." Thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ENAM0056/document.
Full textThis study focuses on the machining of the Ti17 titanium alloy using high-pressure water jet assistance. Special emphasis is placed on the analysis of degradation mechanisms and tool wear during machining, with and without assistance. Wear monitoring was achieved by regular observations using both scanning electron microscope (SEM) and chemical analysis (EDS technique) to determine the areas of material deposition on the tool. These observations made it possible to explain the wear mechanisms for roughing and finishing conditions. Wear mechanisms for conventional machining and for assisted machining were found to be significantly different. Indeed, with high-pressure water jet assistance, some tool wear mechanisms are no longer activated, whereas others are accelerated. Hence, there exists an optimum water jet pressure which minimizes tool wear.To highlight the effect of water jet assistance on the thermomechanical phenomena in the chip formation zone, finite-element modeling has been performed. Fluid/structure coupling was developed to take into account the mechanical and thermal effects of the water jet. For this to be possible, the Johnson-Cook constitutive law and damage model have been identified for the Ti17 titanium alloy, under extreme conditions, over a wide range of temperatures and strain rates. This modeling has highlighted the fact that, for high-pressure assisted machining, the tool/chip contact zone is reduced. In addition, the simulation of chip fragmentation as well as the cooling effect on the tool and workpiece is possible.However, this model does not shed light on the effect of the microstructural heterogeneity of the material in the cutting zone. This is an important observation because the material studied has a very large grain size (of the order of a millimeter). For this reason, a new (multi-scale) modeling approach has been developed to take into consideration the microstructure of the material. The material is subsequently modeled as a polycrystal which obeys crystal plasticity constitutive laws. This new approach is then used to simulate chip formation, taking into account the grain orientations and phase changes that occur during the machining process
D'Aloia-Schwartzentruber, Laetitia. "Détermination de l'énergie d'activation apparente du béton dans le cadre de l'application de la méthode du temps équivalent à la prévision de la résistance en compression au jeune âge : approches expérimentales mécanique et calorimétrique, simulations numériques." Lyon, INSA, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ISAL0018.
Full textThe concept of maturity or equivalent age enables the combined effects of time and temperature, on the concrete strength development at early ages, to be accounted for. It is based on the Arrhenius' law which has revealed itself to be the most accurate in order to describe the temperature influence on cement hydration (exothermic reaction). A proper estimation of the concrete strength at early ages by the method of equivalent age is directly related to a correct determination of the Apparent Activation Energy: Ea. This is the unique parameter which characterizes the whole concrete mixture and which can be found in the Arrhenius' law. The major aim of this study is to show how calorimetric tests under semi-adiabatic conditions can be an alternative to unwieldy compressive tests procedures in order to determine Ea. The validity of the obtained Ea values has been verified by means of several mechanical tests. Moreover, the possibility of using either mortar or concrete is partially dealt with. The water to cement ratio appears to naturally be considered as a constant in proportioning an equivalent mortar. Finally, the evolution of the Apparent Activation Energy in relation to the degree of hydration is given. Hence, the widespread opinion that Ea depends on the degree of hydration is confirmed and a field of definition can be brought to the fore. Besides, a numerical tool: CHAL is developed. This enables rates of heat flow under adiabatic conditions to be simulated, by taking into account, the cement composition and the coupling which operates by the temperature. Hence, the influence of the polymineral characteristic of cement, on the determination of Ea can be underlined. Finally, the redefinition of the hydration degree which enables the detriment al effect of high temperature at earl y ages on the long term strength of concrete to be accounted for, and the definition of the setting time, make it possible to improve the method of equivalent age
Mourad, Aya. "Identification de la conductivité hydraulique pour un problème d'intrusion saline : Comparaison entre l'approche déterministe et l'approche stochastique." Thesis, Littoral, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017DUNK0465/document.
Full textThis thesis is concerned with the identification, from observations or field measurements, of the hydraulic conductivity K for the saltwater intrusion problem involving a nonhomogeneous, isotropic and free aquifer. The involved PDE model is a coupled system of nonlinear parabolic equations completed by boudary and initial conditions, as well as compatibility conditions on the data. The main unknowns are the saltwater/freshwater interface depth and the elevation of upper surface of the aquifer. The inverse problem is formulated as the optimization problem where the cost function is a least square functional measuring the discrepancy between experimental interfaces depths and those provided by the model. Considering the exact problem as a constraint for the optimization problem and introducing the Lagrangian associated with the cost function, we prove that the optimality system has at least one solution. The main difficulties are to find the set of all eligible parameters and to prove the differentiability of the operator associating to the hydraulic conductivity K, the state variables (h, h₁). This is the first result of the thesis. The second result concerns the numerical implementation of the optimization problem. We first note that concretely, we only have specific observations (in space and in time) corresponding to the number of monitoring wells, we then adapt the previous results to the case of discrete observations data. The gradient of the cost function is computed thanks to an approximate formula in order to take into account the discrete observations data. The cost functions then is minimized by using a method based on BLMVM algorithm. On the other hand, the exact problem and the adjoint problem are discretized in space by a P₁-Lagrange finite element method combined with a semi-implicit time discretization scheme. Some numerical results are presented to illustrate the ability of the method to determine the unknown parameters. In the third part of the thesis we consider the hydraulic conductivity as a stochastic parameter. To perform a rigorous numerical study of stochastic effects on the saltwater intrusion problem, we use the spectral decomposition and the stochastic variational problem is reformulated to a set of deterministic variational problems to be solved for each Wiener polynomial chaos