Academic literature on the topic 'Comparative and general Adjective'
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Journal articles on the topic "Comparative and general Adjective"
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Kamandulytė-Merfeldienė, Laura. "The Acquisition of Adjective Gradation in Lithuanian Children with Developmental Language Disorder at Preschool and Pre-primary School Age." Taikomoji kalbotyra 16 (December 30, 2021): 76–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/taikalbot.2021.16.5.
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The aim of the study is to examine Lithuanian children’s with developmental language disorder abilities in forming comparative and superlative degrees of adjectives. We report the data from a Sentence Completion Study with 80 Lithuanian children with developmental language disorder (age range 4;6-6;5) and 80 typically developing Lithuanian children (age range 4;6-6;5). For the picture-based comparative and superlative formation task, 30 adjectives were selected to control for the following variables in Lithuanian: obligatory morphonological palatalisation of root-final dentals, the variables syllabic length (bisyllables vs. trisyllables) and underived vs. derived adjectives.The results confirmed our first hypothesis that correct production of both comparatives and superlatives is influenced by several factors: the general length effect, morphological complexity of the adjective (whether derived or not), morphotactic transparency/opacity (opacifying morphonological palatalization). The results confirmed our second hypothesis that Lithuanian children with developmental language disorder faced more difficulties in performing the adjective gradation task than typically developing children. In addition, the results have shown that children’s performance on comparatives was better than on superlatives. The better performance of comparatives could be explained by the fact that the superlative is morphosemantically and morphotactically more marked than the comparative. On the other hand, it could be, according to Layton and Stick’s hypothesis (1979), that the later acquisition of the superlative suffix is due to limitations in cognitive and perceptual abilities, which may be seen as one cause of morphosemantic markedness.
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GRAZIANO-KING, JANINE, and HELEN SMITH CAIRNS. "Acquisition of English comparative adjectives." Journal of Child Language 32, no. 2 (May 2005): 345–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000904006828.
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Two experiments investigated the acquisition of English comparative adjective forms, Adj+er and more Adj. In Experiment 1, 72 children, four- and seven-years-old, indicated their preferences for the synthetic or periphrastic comparative form for 16 adjectives in a forced-choice judgement task; their responses were compared to those of a group of adults (Graziano-King, 2003). In Experiment 2, a group of 29 children, ranging in age from 5;1 to 10;9, and a group of 11 adults performed a forced-choice judgement task, similar to that of Experiment 1, and an elicited production task, responding to the same 32 adjectives for both tasks. The two studies together support an acquisition trajectory of three stages. In the first stage, children show no preference for either form of the comparative; in the second, they adopt a suffixation rule; and in the third, they abandon the general rule and become conservative learners, eventually reaching the adult target.
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Wilujeng, Nuning Catur Sri, and 范. 氏月. "Adjective + yi dian in Mandarin Chinese and its equivalent in Indonesian language: A contrastive analysis." Diksi 30, no. 1 (October 19, 2022): 47–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.21831/diksi.v30i1.45680.
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In the last decade, Mandarin Chinese has been standing as the most studied language as a foreign language. The structure of Mandarin Chinese is not necessarily similar to the grammatical structure of Mandarin Chinese learners. In daily life, structure of different ideas produces different pragmatic functions in the grammar. This article aims to describe the difference between the discourse of "adjective + a little bit" and Indonesia. The data source comes from the Modern Chinese Corpus of Academia Sinica, Taiwan. The stages of data analysis are data sorting, data classifying into four groups, and data analysis. From the corpus, there are 697 sentences with一點/ yi dian/ adverbs in "adjective +【一點】/ yi dian/" including【比較+形容詞+一點】or comparison+adjective+【一點】/ yi dian/] and 56 sentence-word adverbs in "[adjective+particle【了】/le/+【一點】/ yi dian/]" which contains"【太+adjective" +了+一點】. The first group of "adjective +【一點】" category has (83.95%) sentences; there are 66 adjective categories with only one word such as: 【好】/hao/ good,【多】/duo/many,【小】/xiao/small,【大】/da/big, etc. and 554 have two words such as: 【大方】/dafang/ generous，【隨便】/fangbian/ comfortable，【舒服】/shufu/ comfortable, etc. and a sentence pattern using "Adjective+Adjective's form +【一點】, such 【小小】/xiao xiao/ "small". The category of the second group of "comparative + adjective +【一點】’a little’ " has 65 (8.6%) sentences. There are 42 (5.58%) sentences in the third group of "Adjective + 【了】/le/ + a little " category. The fourth group of "【太】/tai/+ Adjective + a little bit" structure has only 14 sentences (1.87%). Keywords: adjective, a little, Mandarin Chinese, Indonesian language, comparison
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Sazhina, Svetlana A. "Adjectives in the Upper-Kama dialect of the Komi-Permian language." Finno-Ugric World 14, no. 3 (September 30, 2022): 284–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.15507/2076-2577.014.2022.03.284-292.
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Introduction. The paper deals with the description of grammatical and word-formation features of the adjectives in the Upper-Kama dialect of the Komi-Permian language. The purpose of the study is to characterize the syntactic relations of an adjective with a defined word; linguistic analysis of grammatical categories of an adjective: consideration of the formation and distribution of members of grammatical categories of degrees of comparison and degrees of quality; identification of features of word formation. Materials and Methods. The study is based on the analysis of linguistic audio materials collected and recorded on digital media during several dialectological expeditions with the participation of the author to the area of residence of the Kirov Permians in the period from 2002 to 2012. Descriptive and comparative methods were used in writing the article. Results and Discussion. Based on the field material, the paper studies the grammatical and derivational features of the adjectives in the Upper Kama dialect of the Komi-Permian language. In particular, the functioning of this part of speech as a definition and nominal predicate is considered; cases of adjective congruence in adjective and predicative functions are described; the grammatical categories of degrees of comparison and degrees of quality are characterized, the main word building suffixes are presented. Conclusion. The study revealed a significant influence of the Russian language on the formation of attributive syntactic constructions and grammatical forms of the adjective. The specific morphological features characteristic in the Komi dialect area only for the studied idiom are recorded.
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Ding, Hongdi. "A cross-dialectal analysis of Nuosu adjectival comparative constructions." Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area 41, no. 1 (July 20, 2018): 45–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ltba.16023.din.
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Abstract Current analyses (Hu 2005; Gerner 2013; Liu et al. 2013) of Nuosu adjectival comparative constructions are not observationally adequate because they are only based on the semantic distinction between dimensional adjectives and other adjectives. A better analysis should make a further morphological consideration by dividing the Nuosu adjectives into root-sharing prefixed adjectives, non-root-sharing prefixed adjectives and simplex adjectives. Moreover, the existing analyses are not consistent. Some unacceptable comparative sentences in Hu (2005) are acceptable in Gerner (2013) and Liu et al. (2013). I have found out that the inconsistency results from different rigorousness to adjectival morphosyntactic restrictions among different varieties or dialects of Nuosu. After a cross-dialectal investigation with three major dialects of Nuosu, i.e. Shynra, Yynuo and Suondi, it is concluded that Nuosu comparative constructions have a restricted form and a general form for superiority, inferiority and equality respectively. Different dialects or varieties have varying rigorousness to Nuosu adjectival morphosyntax, thus resulting in different choices of the forms for comparison. Accordingly, the available Nuosu varieties are classified into three types: varieties with more morphosyntactic rigorousness, transitional varieties and varieties with less morphosyntactic rigorousness. It is found that Shynra Nuosu is morphosyntactically less rigorous than Yynuo and Suondi Nuosu. I will also address the relationship between the two structural forms of comparative constructions. To conclude, a prediction is made on the development of Nuosu adjectival comparatives.
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Berehovenko, Natalia, and Natalia Demchenko. "Peculiarities of use and methods of translation of english adjectives of dimension to denote the general small size (based on the films of the BBC channel “The Blue Planet” and “Life”)." Current issues of social sciences and history of medicine 29, no. 1 (February 25, 2021): 69–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.24061/2411-6181.1.2021.245.
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Aim of investigation. This scientific research aims to describe English adjectives of dimension to denote the general small size and ways to reproduce them in Ukrainian and Russian based on BBC films “The Blue Planet” and “Life”. The main research methods are a complex translation, inductive and deductive methods for generalization of the selected language material and derivation of new provisions on the basis of well-known ones. In addition, the method of continuous sampling was also used – to form the body of the studied material; method of comparative and translation analysis of original texts and translations and contextual analysis; method of linguistic description – for direct study of the phenomenon in the text, systematization and generalization of adjectives of dimension translation features. The scientific novelty of the article is that, despite the significant achievements of domestic and foreign linguistics in the study of English adjectives of dimension, the problem of their field semantics with a fairly wide range of lexical compatibility still remains insufficiently studied. Therefore, this study highlights the problem of adequate translation and selection of a lexical equivalent from a wide range of synonyms that are part of the lexical and semantic group of adjectives of dimension. Also new is the research material – English-language films and their simultaneous interpretation, which we recorded in writing. Conclusions. Thus, adjectives of dimension of the micro field to denote the small overall size such as small, little, tiny, minute, microscopic, miniature, slight are translated in an appropriate way. Unlike other adjectives of dimension of the same micro field, small and tiny are used with a large number of comparative structures. Adjective of dimension small is often combined with collective nouns and words meaning representatives of flora and fauna. In contrast to the above- mentioned adjectives, adjective of dimension tiny has a wider range of equivalents, lexical and grammatical transformations are rarely used in its translation. In addition, the article identifies differences in the structures of the conceptual space of English adjectives of dimension to denote the general small size. Besides this, the basic stylistic and semantic differences between English adjectives of dimension that belong to the same micro field are established. The main methods and translation techniques of the adjectives of dimension to denote the general small size from English into Ukrainian and Russian are determined. The use of such lexical and grammatical transformations in translation as replacement of a word of one part of speech with a word of another (nominalization, adverbialization), lexical (contextual) replacement, semantic development, antonymous translation is mostly noticed.
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Sinitsyna, Yulia Vyacheslavovna. "HILL MARI SUFFIX -RAK: COMPARATIVE AND ATTENUATIVE CONTEXTS." Yearbook of Finno-Ugric Studies 16, no. 4 (December 26, 2022): 592–605. http://dx.doi.org/10.35634/2224-9443-2022-16-4-592-605.
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The article analyzes the use of the Hill Mari suffix - rak (- räk ). First of all, this suffix functions as a degree marker of an adjective or an adverb in comparative constructions. Secondly, it may indicate that an individual has some property not to a full degree, i.e. jasə̑ ‘ill’ and jasə̑ - rak (ill-cmpr) ‘somewhat ill’. Apart from adjectives, suffix - rak may combine with verbs, mainly with negative forms. In this case, the form with - rak means that the new state has not been reached yet. In some idiolects - rak may also combine with positive verb forms in the attenuative meaning. The article investigates restrictions on the compatibility of the suffix - rak in the attenuative meaning. This meaning is only possible with adjectives of closed scales, i.e. having a fixed maximal or minimal limit (for example, nužda ‘poor’). Combining with adjectives of open scales (for example, kužə̑ ‘long’) - rak indicates a slight excess of a property compared to some standard, which may be known from the context. Moreover, the article discusses the use of - rak with verbs. Our analysis is based on the actional interpretation of verbs. We consider positive and negative forms separately. The suffix - rak combines with negative forms of verbs that are interpreted as entry-into-a-state (ES). The attenuative meaning of - rak with positive verbal forms is allowed by some speakers in combination with some verbs of stative, punctual, and strong telic classes.
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Kalymon, Yuliia. "ADJECTIVES FOR COLOUR NOMINATION IN SHORT STORIES BY VASYL STEFANYK: A CORPUS-BASED APPROACH." Naukovì zapiski Nacìonalʹnogo unìversitetu «Ostrozʹka akademìâ». Serìâ «Fìlologìâ» 1, no. 11(79) (September 29, 2021): 128–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.25264/2519-2558-2021-11(79)-128-130.
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The article is devoted to the analysis of adjectives that denote tokens for colours in the short stories byVasyl Stefanyk. That is also traditionally considered as one of the manifestations of individual manner of writing and as a marker of the nation’s view of the world. The short stories under study were published during the author’s lifetime and were designed in the corpus of texts. The names of colours perform a special semantic and aesthetic function in the outline of the literary work, and the corpus-based approach and concordance make it possible to comprehensively and holistically analyze this layer of lexicon. The corpus of Vasyl Stefanyk’s literary works comprises 57 short stories published during his lifetime and was created in accordance with the basic requirements for the compilation of text corpora. A comparative analysis of the use of the adjective zhovtyi/yellow with the corpus of contemporary novelists was conducted. The obtained results have made it possible to identify peculiar individual examples of the use of the adjective zhovtyi/yellow by Vasyl Stefanyk and to determine which of the meanings given in the Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language (SUM) should be placed as the first one when compiling a dictionary article for the dictionary of Vasyl Stefanyk’s literary works.
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Kim, Min Soo, and Kyung Jin Park. "A Comparative Analysis of the Emotions in the Molding Image of Air Purifier." Korea Institute of Design Research Society 7, no. 2 (June 30, 2022): 33–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.46248/kidrs.2022.2.33.
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This study was conducted to understand the differences in emotions, commonalities, and consumers' purchasing tendency for the product's molding image for professional designers and non-professional general consumers. For the data, the final adjective vocabulary selection and questionnaire were structured through a preliminary survey of 60 product design experts in the first collection, and statistical analysis was conducted using the SPSS 21.0 program after collecting final data for 81 experts and 93 non-experts. As a result, even with the same perceptual characteristics, there was a difference in the evaluation values of experts and non-experts, and there was a difference in adjectives showing dominant characteristics in the difference through gender comparison. Therefore, in this study, it was confirmed that in the process of envisioning the molding image, the individual sensitivity of the designer should be reflected and the visual difference from the consumer should be considered first. These results can be used as basic data in designing a molding image of a product that reflects the sensibility and views of experts and non-experts in the future.
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Ariskina, Tatiana P. "Compound adjectives in the Erzya and Hungarian languages." Finno-Ugric World 13, no. 4 (December 30, 2021): 348–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.15507/2076-2577.013.2021.04.348-357.
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Introduction. Compounding is one of the leading ways to update vocabulary. A compound word is the result of combining two or more meanings at the lexical-semantic, word-formation, syntactic levels, which determines versatile approaches to its study, including comparative-historical. The purpose of the research is a comparative historical study of compound adjectives of the Erzya and Hungarian languages. It can be achieved by considering the formation patterns of compound adjectives; analysis of compound adjectives in Erzya and Hungarian; identifying the types of relationships between the components of a compound word; statistical calculations. Materials and Methods. The material for analysis was formed by the method of continuous sampling from bilingual dictionaries: Erzya-Russian and Hungarian-Russian. It used the methods for determining the genetic affiliation of language data, establishing a system of correspondences and anomalies in the compared languages; spatial localization of linguistic phenomena. Research and Discussion. Compounding in the Erzya and Hungarian languages are divided into two large groups: 1) formed on the basis of a compositional connection and 2) created on the basis of a subordinate connection between components. As the study showed, complex adjectives of the subordinate type in the Erzya language are few in number, while in the Hungarian language they constitute the majority. This group includes words with the first part – an adjective, a noun, a numeral. Compound adjectives of a compositional type, prevailing in the Erzya language, can be formed as a result of the merger of two proper adjectives, two derived adjectives, repetition of derived adjectives. In the Hungarian language, the share of complex adjectives of the compositional type is small. Among them there are the ones paired and formed by the type of twin words. Conclusion. The results of the study indicate that the formation of complex adjectives in the Hungarian and Erzya languages is an active process.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Comparative and general Adjective"
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Bottoman, Ntombesizwe. "The adjective in Xhosa." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52480.
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Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2001ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Adjectives in Xhosa represent a small, closed class of descriptive nominal modifiers, which are categorized as the adjective because of their morphological behaviour, i.e. they all have to appear with the prefix of the noun which is the head of the Noun Phrase. There are other nominal modifiers in Xhosa, which may have the same descriptive function as the small class of morphological adjectives. Attention focuses on the relative clauses and descriptive possessives. The term "Adjective" in Xhosa includes the semantic adjective. Various scholars define the adjective as a distinct category by establishing specific criteria for. Semantic prototypes with noun, adjective and verb types, i.e. semantic types according to Dixon (1991) are considered. Semantic types in Xhosa may also have this feature. The following categoreis have been considered: morphological adjective, descriptive possessive, relative clauses, i.e. nominal relative clauses and the verbal relative clauses. With regard to the morphological adjective: Some basic notions on the morphological adjectives, specifically the morphology of adjectives, adjectival phrases, the distribution of the adjectives, comparison and the co-ordinated adjectives, and the definite morpheme are dealt with. The following values have been dealt with regarding the structure of the relative clause, i.e. the nominal relative clause with the definite morpheme [a], the copulative verb and the nominal relative complements of the copulative verbs. Two issues have been discussed in the case of the descriptive possessive: firstly, where the descriptive part is the head of the Noun Phrase with meanings such as groups, nouns denoting quantity, cardinal numbers, the partitives, units of measure and mass, humans with the features of psychological and physical features, the infinitive clause, and secondly, the descriptive part is the complement of the preposition [-a-].
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Adjektiewe in Xhosa verteenwoordig 'n klein geslote klas van deskriptiewe nominale bepalers wat as 'n adjektief kategorie beskou word op grond van hul morfologie, di.i. hulle moet almal voorkom saam met die prefiks van die naamwoord wat die kern is van die naamwoordgroep. Daar is ander nominale bepalers in Xhosa wat dieselfde deskriptiewe funksie as die klein klas van morfologiese adjektiewe kan hê. Aandag is gegee an die relatiewe en deskriptiewe possessiewe. Die term "adjektief" in Xhosa sluit die semantiese adjektief in: verskeie taalkundiges definieer die adjektief as 'n aparte kategorie deur spesifieke kriteria vir adjektiewe te bepaal. Semantiese prototipes met naamwoorde, adjektiewe en werkwoordtipes, d.i. semantiese tipes volgens Dixon (1991) is ondersoek. Semantiese tipes in Xhosa kan ook hierdie kenmerk hê. Die volgende kategorieë is ondersoek: Morfologiese adjektief, deskriptiewe possessief, relatief klouse waaronder nominale en werkwoordelike relatiewe klause. Met verwysing na die morfologiese adjektief: sekere basiese begrippe ten opsigte van die morfologiese adjektief is nagegaan, waaronder spesiefiek die morfologie van adjektiewe, adjektief frases, die distribusie van die adjektiewe, vergelyking en die neweskikkende adjektiewe sowel as die bepaaldheidsmorfeem. Die volgende sake is oorweeg met betrekking tot die struktuur van die relatief klous: die nominale relatief klous met die bepaaldheidsmorfeem [-a-], die kapulatiewe werkwoord en die nominale relatiewe komplemente van die kopulatiewe werkwoorde. Twee sake is bespreek in die geval van die deskriptiewe possessief: eerstens, die deskriptiewe deel is die kern van die naamwoordfrase met betekenisse soos groepe, naamwoorde wat kwantiteit aandui, hooftelwoorde, partitiewe, eenhede van maat en massa, mense met sielkundige en fisiese kenmerke, die infinitief klous,· en tweedens die deskriptiewe deel is die komplement van die preposisie [-a-].
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Sharpe, Dean. "Children's understanding of adjectives." Thesis, McGill University, 1993. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=26138.
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A basic principle of object individuation--that predicables (or adjectival, verbal, or prepositional expressions) do not individuate--gives rise to a competence theory related to their interpretation. It is that we interpret predicables as sub-kinds of the kinds that type them. Evidence of children's competence in this matter is reviewed. Two experiments are presented, exploring the sensitivity of 20 children, aged 2;11 to 3;11 (mean 3;6), to changes in adjective interpretation across unrelated and related kinds. For instance, children were tested on their understanding that a nonsense adjective picked out sub-kinds of toy bears and balls on the basis of unrelated attributes. They were also tested on their understanding that the opposites "big" and "little" could describe the same individual object when typed by basic level and superordinate level kinds (e.g. that a little bat could be a big toy). Children's responses were near perfect, indicating that the basic logical framework for predicable interpretation used by adults is in place by age three.
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Mphasha, Lekau Eleazar. "Adjectives in Northern Sotho." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/51565.
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Thesis (M.A.)--Stellenbosch University, 2000.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This research investigates the adjective in Northern Sotho. The entire research indicates that adjectives form a closed system and are morphologically marked with a noun class prefix in Northern Sotho. Three semantic categories of adjectives which may be recognized are descriptive, quantitative and colour adjectives. Chapter One is the introduction of the research. The introductory sections which appear in it are purpose and aim of study, method of research, organization of the study, definitions of the concepts and derivation of adjectives. Chapter Two concentrates on the semantic adjective. Semantics deals with the study of words origins~ changes and meanings. Attributive (prenominal) adjectives tend to denote fairly permanent properties, while predicative ones denote the corresponding transient properties as in the following examples: (1) a. The shirt is loose (not buttoned) b. The loose shirt (not fitting properly) (2) a. The apparatus are handy (conveniently at hand) b. Handy apparatus (useful apparatus) Adjectives can occur in comparative and exclamatory constructions. Two types of adjectives may also differ from one another in that the one involving conversion does not take degree modifier or comparative, whereas the one not involving conversion can have either of them occurring with them: (3) a. The strong should help the weak b. The very strong should help the weak (4) a. The cup is big b. The cup is too big Chapter Three evolves on the formation and structure of adjectives in Northern Sotho. This chapter introduces a wide range of word building elements used to create the adjective structure. Emphasis is put on the adjectival prefixes, adjectival stems and adjectival suffixes which are the constituent elements of the adjective. Only the adjectival stems are reduplicable and have usually an intensified meaning. This implies that the adjectival prefixes and adjectival suffixes, in terms of their position and function, cannot be reduplicated. There are also some restrictions in the use of adjectives. The main concerns are the nature of word-formation processes and the ways in which wordformation interacts with syntax, semantics and lexicon. Chapter Four exemplifies the descriptive possessive in full. As a matter of clarification, no possessives have been discussed in this chapter. Descriptive possessives and possessives are two different aspects. In this chapter, various aspects which make up the descriptive possessives are also discussed in detail. Chapter Five deals with the nominal relative clause. The head is always the noun in all the nominal relative clauses. The matrix and the relative clauses are given under physical features, psychological features, habits, skills, taste and natural phenomena. The distribution of a relative is also indicated. Attention is based on the complement of a noun and position in a clause. Chapter Six is the concluding chapter which gives the summary of all the previous chapters.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie navorsing het as doelstelling die ondersoek van die adjektief in Noord-Sotho. Die bevindinge van die navorsing dui daarop dat adjektiewe in Noord-Sotho 'n geslote klas vorm wat morfologies gemerk word deur 'n naamwoordklasprefiks. Die drie semantiese kategorieë van adjektiewe wat in die studie erken word sluit in deskriptiewe, kwantitatiewe en kleur adjektiewe. Hoofstuk Een vorm die inleiding van die studie. Die verskillende sub-afdelings van die hoofstuk gee die doelstelling van die studie, asook 'n oorsig van die navorsingsmetode, organisasie van die studie, belangrike definisies en konsepte en behandel die afleiding van adjektiewe in Noord-Sotho. Hoofstuk Twee fokus op die semantiese adjektiewe. Semantiek hou verband met die studie van woorde se oorsprong, veranderinge en betekenisse. Attributiewe (prenominale) adjektiewe neig om redelik permanente eienskappe aan te dui, terwyl predikatiewe adjektiewe die korresponderende tydelike eienskappe aandui, soos getoon in die volgende voorbeelde in Engels: (1) a. The shirt is loose (not buttoned) b. The loose shirt (not fitting properly) (2) a. The apparatus are handy (conveniently at hand) b. Handy apparatus (useful apparatus) Adjektiewe kan in vergelykende en uitroepkonstruksies verskyn. Twee tipes adjektiewe kan ook verskil van mekaar in die opsig dat die een tipe wat verandering behels nie 'n graad bepaler of vergelykende bepaler neem nie, terwyl die ander wat nie verandering behels nie met enige van hierdie bepalers kan verskyn. Beskou die volgende voorbeelde in Engels: (3) a. The strong should help the weak b. The very strong should help the weak (4) a. The cup is big b. The cup is too big Hoofstuk Drie hou verband met die vorming en struktuur van adjektiewe in Noord- Sotho. Hierdie hoofstuk stel'n wye reekswoordbou-elementebekendwat gebruik word om qie adjektiefstruktuur te skep. Besondere aandag word gegee aan die adjektiefprefikse, adjektiefstamme en adjektiefsuffikse wat die konstituent elemente van die I adjektief is. Slegs adjektiefstamme is dupliseerbaar, en het gewoonlik 'n geïntensifeerde betekenis. Dit volg dat die adjektiefprefikse en -suffikse in terme van hulle posisie en funksie nie geredupliseer kan word nie. Daar word ook ondersoek ingestel na die beperkings ten opsigte van die gebruik van adjektiewe. Die hoofoorwegings is die aard van woordvormingsprosesseen die wyse waarop woordvorming in interaksie is met die sintaksis, semantiek en die leksikon. Hoofstuk Vier ondersoek die deskriptiewe possessief in Noord-Sotho volledig. Ter wille van duidelikheid: geen possessiewe wat letterlike semantiese besit aandui word in hierdie hoofstuk as relevant beskou nie aangesien deskriptiewe possessiewe, maar nie letterlike besitaanduidende possessiewe nie, as kategorie van semantiese adjektiewe beskou word. In hierdie hoofstuk word ook verskillende aspekte bespreek wat die semantiese adjektief karakteriseer. Hoofstuk Vyf ondersoek die nominale relatief klous. Die kern is altyd 'n naamwoord in al die nominale relatiefklouse. Die matriks- en die relatiefklouse word bespreek onder die klasse van fisiese kenmerke, sielkundige kenmerke, gewoontes, vaardighede, smake, en natuurlike verskynsels. Die verspreiding van 'n relatief word ook aangedui. Aandag word gevestig op die komplement van 'n naamwoord en posisie in die klous. Hoofstuk Ses is die samevatting van die studie waarin die belangrikste bevindings aan die orde gestel word.
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Taranto, Gina Christine. "Discourse Adjectives /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3099909.
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Theledi, Kgomotso Mothokhumo Ambitious. "Descriptive nominal modifiers in Setswana." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52755.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2002.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The study focused on three descriptive nominal modifiers which specify the attributes of nouns, i.e. the morphological adjective, the relative clause and the descriptive possessive. The morphological adjective appears in an adjectival phrase, which has to consist of a determiner and an adjective. The adjective must have agreement with the head noun in an NP. The adjective root may appear with nominal suffixes such as -ana and -gadi, it can be reduplicated, it may be transposed to other categories and it may even be compounded. The AP may also occur in predicative position as well as in comparative clauses. The relative clause may have the same semantic properties as the adjective. The relative clause in Setswana consists of a determiner in the position of the complementizer followed by an lP. Such an lP may have a copulative or non-copulative verb. Attention in this study has focused on the nominal relative, which appears as a complement of a copulative verb. These nominal relative stems have been divided into two sections, i.e. a section in which the nominal relative stems may not appear in a descriptive possessive construction and a second section where these stems may also appear as a complement of the possessive [a]. The semantic features of these nominal relative stems have been isolated and it is clear that they show a wide variety of semantic features. This type of relative clause represents the most prolific category, which specifies the attributes of nouns. The third category, which displays the semantic feature of an attribute of a noun, is the descriptive possessive construction. The syntactic and semantic structure of this type of phrase has been investigated. A wide variety of complements of the possessive [a] have been isolated in Setswana and some semantic features have received specific attention, i.e. group nouns and partitives.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die studie fokus op drie deskriptiewe nominale bepalers wat die attribute van naamwoorde spesifiseer nl. die morfologiese adjektief, die relatief en die deskriptiewe possessief. Die morfologiese adjektief kom voor in 'n adjektieffrase wat bestaan uit 'n bepaler en 'n adjektief. Die adjektief moet klasooreenstemming hê met die kernnaamwoord in 'n naamwoordfrase. Die adjektiefstam kan voorkom met nominale suffikse soos ana en gadi, dit kan geredupliseer word, oorgeplaas word na ander kategorieë en selfs samestellings vorm. Die adjektieffrase kan ook voorkom in 'n predikatiewe posisie sowel as in vergelykings. Die relatief kan dieselfde semantiese eienskappe hê as die adjektief. Die relatief in Setswana bestaan uit 'n bepaler in die posisie van die komplementeerder gevolg deur 'n infleksiefrase. So 'n infleksiefrase kan 'n kopulatiewe of nie-kopulatiewe werkwoord bevat. Die aandag in hierdie studie het gekonsentreer op die nominale relatief wat voorkom as 'n komplement van 'n kopulatiewe werkwoord. Hierdie nominale relatiewe stamme is verdeel in twee afdelings nl. 'n afdeling waarin die nominale relatiewe stamme nie kan voorkom in 'n deskriptiewe possessiewe konstruksie en 'n tweede afdeling waar hierdie stamme ook kan voorkom as 'n komplement van die possessiewe [a]. Die semantiese kenmerke van hierdie nominale relatiewe stamme is geïsoleer en dit is duidelik dat hulle 'n wye verskeidenheid van semantiese kenmerke het. Hierdie tipe relatief verteenwoordig In baie wye keuse t.o.v. die attribute van naamwoorde. Die derde kategorie wat die semantiese kenmerk van 'n attribuut van 'n naamwoord vertoon, is die deskriptiewe possessiewe konstruksie. Die sintaktiese en semantiese struktuur van hierdie tipe frase is nagegaan. 'n Groot verskeidenheid komplemente van die possessiewe [a] is geïsoleer in Setswana en sommige semantiese kenmerke het spesifieke aandag gekry nl. groepnaamwoorde en partitiiewe.
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Martin, Fabienne. "Prédicats statifs, causatifs et résultatifs en discours. Sémantique des adjectifs évaluatifs et des verbes psychologiques." Phd thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00450803.
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Cette thèse analyse les propriétés sémantiques et discursives des prédicats d'état ('laid, généreux') ainsi que des prédicats causatifs et résultatifs, et plus particulièrement des verbes psychologiques à Expérienceur objet ('stimuler, encourager'). Le cadre adopté est celui de la sémantique néo-davidsonienne (Parsons, 1990) et de la sémantique du discours (Kamp & Reyle 1993, Asher 1993). La première partie (chap 1-7) est consacrée aux prédicats d'état, et la seconde aux prédicats causatifs et résultatifs (chap. 8-9). Dans le chapitre 1, on expose les arguments en faveur de l'idée que les verbes d'état ont un argument implicite davidsonien comme les verbes d'action. Abordant ensuite les constructions en 'by/in' ('by/in smoking, he broke his promise'), l'auteur propose de considérer, avec Goldman et contre Davidson, que celles-ci décrivent deux événements distincts, liés par une relation de génération. L'analyse goldmanienne de ces constructions est ensuite étendue aux prédicats d'état ('in doing this, he was clever'), ce qui permet de distinguer les prédicats qui dénotent un état dépendant d'une action, comme 'clever' en usage occurrentiel, des prédicats qui dénotent un état indépendant d'une action, comme beautiful (cf. '??in doing this, he was beautiful'). Le chapitre 2 fait le point sur les spécificités des prédicats d'état par rapport aux prédicats d'activité. Y est notamment montré que certains prédicats d'état acceptent le "progressif interprétatif" ('tu es en train de croire au Père Noël!'). Ce type de progressif est distingué du progressif standard et du progressif actif anglais ('he was being clever'); sont définis également les "prédicats interprétatifs" qui n'acceptent que ce progressif. Le chapitre 3 élabore une typologie aspectuelle des prédicats d'état. Sont d'abord distingués quatre types d'états en fonction de l'intervalle pendant lequel l'état en cause est vérifié. On montre que cette quadri-partition rend mieux compte des données linguistiques que la dichotomie classique en 'stage level predicates' et 'individual level predicates'. Ensuite sont définis les "prédicats d'état pur" comme beau, qui dénotent un état indépendant de toute action, et les "prédicats d'état endo-actionnel" comme 'généreux/bruyant' en usage occurrentiel, qui dénote un état généré par une action. On présente des arguments contre l'assimilation de ces derniers prédicats à des prédicats d'action. Est alors analysée l'ambiguïté des prédicats comme "généreux" dans l'emploi occurrentiel: 'Pierre m'a donné des bonbons. Il a été généreux' peut vouloir dire soit que Pierre a été généreux de (décider de) me donner des bonbons (lecture-d), soit qu'il a été généreux dans la manière de me les donner (lecture-m). Dans la foulée, on examine la relation temporelle qui prend place entre un état s et l'action e dont il dépend. Enfin, on montre que l'analyse proposée peut rendre compte de la concurrence entre passé composé et imparfait dans les phrases dénotant un état occurrentiel. A partir de la typologie aspectuelle élaborée au chapitre 3, le chapitre 4 revisite le problème que soulèvent certains prédicats d'état dans les constructions à prédicat second descriptif ('Pierre a donné des bonbons saoul/??généreux') et propose une nouvelle solution. On montre ensuite que cette solution peut être adaptée pour résoudre un problème moins étudié, à savoir celui que posent certains prédicats d'état dans les subordonnées temporelles en 'quand '(cf. 'Il était généreux, quand il a distribué les bonbons' versus '??Il a distribué des bonbons quand il était généreux'). Enfin, on fait le point sur la difficulté qu'éprouvent les prédicats évaluatifs à entrer dans les constructions présuppositionnelles, parmi lesquelles les subordonnées temporelles, mais les GN définis ('La femme rousse/??généreuse commanda une bière'). Le chapitre 5 est consacré aux relations rhétoriques qui s'établissent entre la description d'un état et la description d'un événement, aux combinaisons possibles entre ces relations rhétoriques, et à la manière dont tel ou tel prédicat d'état, vu ses propriétés sémantiques, contribue à établir telle ou telle relation rhétorique avec la description d'événement. Le chapitre 6 revient sur le problème que soulève l'indéfini des en lecture non générique avec certains prédicats d'état, notamment les prédicats évaluatifs ('Des livres étaient sales' versus '??Des livres étaient merveilleux'). En se fondant sur les outils de la 'Decision Theoretic Semantic's (Merin 1999), l'auteur fait l'hypothèse qu'un prédicat P n'accepte des que si la quantité des éléments satisfaisant P dans le contexte est non pertinente pour les fins du discours, et s'il est clair, par ailleurs, que les qualités implicites que peuvent instancier les dits éléments ne contribuent en aucune façon à expliquer qu'ils satisfont P. On montre que ces deux conditions sont respectées (resp. violées) avec les prédicats d'état compatibles (resp. incompatibles) avec des dans sa lecture non générique. Le chapitre 7 est consacré à la sémantique qu'il faut assigner aux prédicats d'état évaluatifs. On expose tout d'abord les arguments en faveur d'une sémantique "réaliste", qui analyse les prédicats évaluatifs comme des prédicats unaires dénotant de vraies propriétés. On distingue ensuite, dans le contenu informationnel des énoncés évaluatifs, un composant assertif et deux implicatures associées. On termine par l'analyse des prédicats évaluatifs superlatifs ('merveilleux'); est argumentée l'idée que ces prédicats ont un composant expressif, en ce sens que le locuteur, en les utilisant, implicite qu'une entité satisfaisant le prédicat a déclenché en lui une émotion, vécue ou rejouée lors de l'énonciation. On montre en quoi ce composant expressif contribue à expliquer pourquoi de tels prédicats sont difficilement utilisables à l'impératif ou dans certains types de questions. Le chapitre 8 répertorie trois classes parmi les verbes, dits "résultatifs", qui présupposent l'occurrence d'un événement e causant ou générant l'événement asserté e'. On présente d'abord le problème que pose la définition de cette présupposition, puis une nouvelle solution est exposée. On montre alors que la présupposition des verbes résultatifs -- achèvements droits et accomplissements strictement forts --- est de nature scalaire et peut s'expliquer par la Loi d'exhaustivité de Ducrot. Le chapitre 9 est consacré aux verbes psychologiques à Expérienceur objet (VPEO). Après avoir classé ces verbes en fonction de leur structure événementielle, on fait le point sur les différentes lectures qu'ils peuvent accepter. On montre ensuite qu'à la différence des VPEO acceptables dans les constructions agentives, les VPEO qui y sont peu acceptables exhibent deux propriétés cruciales. D'abord, ils présupposent toujours, à l'instar des verbes étudiés dans le chapitre 8, l'occurrence de l'événement impliquant le sujet; ensuite, certains d'entre eux sont "interprétatifs", en ce sens que l'assertion du changement d'état psychologique ne s'avère pertinente pour les fins du discours que si l'interprétant connaît, par ailleurs, l'événement qui cause ce changement. Cela permet d'expliquer pourquoi les verbes en question ne peuvent faire avancer la narration comme le ferait un prédicat d'action normal, et pourquoi ils sont peu compatibles avec les adverbes de manière orientés sur l'agent, les pseudo-clivées ou les compléments de lieu. On termine par l'analyse aspectuelle de la classe des VPEO, en montrant qu'on y trouve des membres des cinq classes aspectuelles distinguées dans le chapitre précédent.
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Gustin, Anton. "“Beautiful Power Shield!” vs. “Explosive Superman Punch!” : A Comparative Analysis of Promotional Metadiscursive Language in eSports and Mixed Martial Arts Sports Commentaries." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för språk, litteratur och interkultur (from 2013), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-77776.
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Sports commentary is an essential part of live broadcasted sports as well as eSports and is a task that requires that the caster be verbally proficient and can maintain a high tempo when speaking, especially in more fast-paced sports. This study aims to analyze this promotional language sportscasters use by approaching it from the linguistic phenomenon of metadiscourse. This will be achieved by utilizing a theoretical framework adapted from previous research on eSports commentaries. By comparing a traditional sport, in this case mixed martial arts, with that of the eSport of Super Smash Bros. Melee, the aim is to see what differences can be found between the two sports’ commentaries and their use of metadiscursive promotional language. After comparing these two sets of commentaries, the results show that there are some differences in how promotional language is used to enhance the understanding and excitement of their respective sports. The major differences found are in how the two sets of commentaries use metaphors as well as that the eSport casters show a pattern of using evaluative adjectives in a more varied and colorful way.Sportkommentatorer är en väsentlig del av live-sänd idrott såväl som eSport och är en uppgift som kräver att kommentatorn är muntligt skicklig och kan hålla ett högt tempo när hen talar, särskilt i sporter med högre tempo. Denna studie syftar till att analysera det promotionsbefrämjande språk som sportkommentatorer använder genom att närma sig det från det lingvistiska fenomenet metadiskurs. Detta kommer att uppnås genom att använda sig av ett teoretiskt ramverk som anpassats från tidigare forskning om eSports kommentarer. Genom att jämföra det med en traditionell sport, i detta fall mixed martial arts, med eSporten Super Smash Bros. Melee, är målet att se vilka skillnader som kan hittas mellan dem två sporternas kommentarer och deras användning av metadiskursivt promotionellt språk. Efter att ha jämfört dem två kommentarerna så visar resultaten att det finns vissa skillnader i hur promotionsbefrämjande språk används för att förstärka förståelsen och spänningen i deras respektive sporter. De största skillnaderna som fanns är i hur de två kommentarerna använder metaforer samt att eSports-kommentatorerna visar ett mönster av att använda evaluerande adjektiv i ett mer varierat och färgrikt sätt.
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Yuruten, Onur. "Formation Of Adjective, Noun And Verb Concepts Through Affordances." Master's thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12614385/index.pdf.
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In this thesis, we study the development of linguistic concepts (corresponding to a subset of
nouns, verbs and adjectives) on a humanoid robot. To accomplish this goal, we use affordances,
a notion first proposed by J.J. Gibson to describe the action possibilities offered to
an agent by the environment. Using the affordances formalization framework of Sahin et al.,
we have implemented a learning system on a humanoid robot and obtained the required data
from the sensorimotor experiences of the robot. The system we developed (1) can learn verb,
adjective and noun concepts, (2) represent them in terms of strings of prototypes and dependencies
based on affordances, (3) can accurately recognize the concept of novel objects and
events, and (4) can be used for tasks such as goal emulation and multi step planning.
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Shimotori, Misuzu. "Conceptual Contrasts : A Comparative Semantic Study of Dimensional Adjectives in Japanese and Swedish." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för språkstudier, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-70217.
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The present study explores the concepts behind Japanese and Swedish dimensional adjectives. The focus is on examining which similarities and differences in the conceptualisation across the two languages exist, if any at all. In order to see how concepts underlying dimensional adjectives are represented in the speaker's minds, data was collected mainly from two word-association tests. The results show that dimensional adjectives are conceptualised and represented differently by speakers of these two languages. The most remarkable difference resulting from the word-association tests is that Japanese participants associate dimensional adjectives mostly with nouns that denote entities the prominent extension of which is aptly described by the stimulus dimensional adjective (e.g. 'long' is associated with 'river'). In Swedish, however, participants associate dimensional adjectives with both adjectives and nouns, and the association patterns and their underlying conceptualisations are thus more diverse (e.g. 'high' is associated with 'building', and 'long' is associated with 'narrow').
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Guiddy, Lainie M. "Weak versus strong a comparative study of gender and adjective use in Sports illustrated articles from 1970-2003 /." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2004. https://etd.wvu.edu/etd/controller.jsp?moduleName=documentdata&jsp%5FetdId=3343.
Full textBooks on the topic "Comparative and general Adjective"
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Adjective complementation: An empirical analysis of adjectives followed by that-clauses. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Pub. Co., 2011.
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Cinque, Guglielmo. The syntax of adjectives: A comparative study. Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press, 2010.
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Projecting the adjective: The syntax and semantics of gradability and comparison. New York: Garland, 1999.
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Ramaglia, Francesca. Adjectives at the syntax-semantics interface. Muenchen: Lincom Europa, 2011.
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Koshiishi, Tetsuya. Collateral adjectives and related issues. Bern: Peter Lang, 2011.
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Die Morphosyntax des "Adjektivs" im Sprachvergleich. Frankfurt am Main: P. Lang, 1989.
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Lexical categories: Verbs, nouns, and adjectives. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2003.
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Tucker, Gordon H. The lexicogrammar of adjectives: A systemic functional approach to lexis. London: Cassell, 1998.
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Castillo, Jesús Gerardo Martínez del. An open dimension of meaning: A semantic study of adjectives and their combinations. [Almería]: Universidad de Almería, Servicio de Publicaciones, 1997.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Comparative and general Adjective"
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Kehoe, Timothy J. "Comparative Statics." In General Equilibrium, 76–83. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-19802-3_7.
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Anderson, O. Roger. "General Perspectives on Protozoan Ecology." In Comparative Protozoology, 131–49. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-11340-0_8.
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Anderson, O. Roger. "General Principles of Cell Fine Structure." In Comparative Protozoology, 177–88. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-11340-0_10.
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Bardakci, Mehmet, Annette Freyberg-Inan, Christoph Giesel, and Olaf Leisse. "General and Comparative Analysis." In Religious Minorities in Turkey, 193–230. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-27026-9_7.
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Metzger, Axel, and Stefan Hennigs. "General Report." In Ius Comparatum - Global Studies in Comparative Law, 3–48. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-21560-0_1.
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Remak, Henry H. H. "General Preface." In Comparative History of Literatures in European Languages, 5. Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/chlel.viii.01rem.
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Cornis-Pope, Marcel, and John Neubauer. "General introduction." In Comparative History of Literatures in European Languages, 1–18. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/chlel.xix.05cor.
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Neubauer, John, Inna Peleva, and Mihály Szegedy-Maszák. "GENERAL INTRODUCTION." In Comparative History of Literatures in European Languages, 1–38. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/chlel.xxii.03neu.
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Klaić, Dragan. "General Introduction." In Comparative History of Literatures in European Languages, 143. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/chlel.xxii.23kla.
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Neubauer, John, and Marcel Cornis-Pope. "General Introduction." In Comparative History of Literatures in European Languages, 1–9. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/chlel.xxv.02neu.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Comparative and general Adjective"
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Zhang, Runxiang, and Yaohong Jin. "Identification of comparative sentences with adjective predicates in patent Chinese-English machine translation." In 2012 IEEE 2nd International Conference on Cloud Computing and Intelligence Systems (CCIS). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ccis.2012.6664634.
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Anjum, S., and A. I. Maswood. "Delta modulation with PI controller a comparative study." In Energy Society General Meeting. IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pes.2008.4596305.
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Chang, G. W., and C. I. Chen. "A comparative study of voltage flicker envelope estimation methods." In Energy Society General Meeting. IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pes.2008.4596228.
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Friedman, Carol. "A general computational treatment of the comparative." In the 27th annual meeting. Morristown, NJ, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.3115/981623.981643.
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Doody, P., and S. Santoso. "A comparative metric to quantify the variability of wind power." In Energy Society General Meeting (PES). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pes.2009.5275581.
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Ravi, Ambareesh, Xiaozhuo Yu, Iara Santelices, Fakhri Karray, and Baris Fidan. "General Frameworks for Anomaly Detection Explainability: Comparative Study." In 2021 IEEE International Conference on Autonomous Systems (ICAS). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icas49788.2021.9551129.
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Nguyen, M. H., T. K. Saha, and M. Eghbal. "A comparative study of voltage stability for long distance HVAC and HVDC interconnections." In Energy Society General Meeting. IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pes.2010.5589456.
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Khodr, H. M., Zita Vale, Carlos Ramos, and P. Faria. "Optimization techniques for power distribution planning with uncertainties: A comparative study." In Energy Society General Meeting (PES). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pes.2009.5275569.
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Meah, Kala, and Sadrul Ula. "Comparative Evaluation of HVDC and HVAC Transmission Systems." In 2007 IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pes.2007.385993.
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Su, C. L. "Comparative analysis of voltage control strategies in distribution networks with distributed generation." In Energy Society General Meeting (PES). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pes.2009.5275443.
Full textReports on the topic "Comparative and general Adjective"
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Kapelyushnyi, Anatolyi. TRANSFORMATION OF FORMS OF DEGREES OF COMPARISON OF ADJECTIVES IN LIVE TELEVISION BROADCASTING. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2021.50.11105.
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The article analyzes transformation of forms of degrees of comparison of adjectives in live television broadcasting. Particular attention is paid to the specific properties of different forms of degrees of comparison of adjectives. To analyze the peculiarities of their use for errors in speech of television journalists, associated with non-compliance with linguistic norms on ways to avoid these errors, to make appropriate recommendations to television journalists. The main method we use is to observe the speech of live TV journalist, we used during the study methods of comparative analysis of comparison of theoretical positions from the work of individual linguists and journalism sat down as well as texts that sounded in the speech of journalists. Our objective is to trace these transformations and develop a certain attitude towards them in our researches of the language of the media and practicing journalists to support positive trends in the development of the broadcasting on TV and give recommendations for overcoming certain negative trends. Improving the live broadcasting of television journalists, in particular the work on deepening the language skills will contribute to the modernization of some trends in the reasonable expediency of the transformation of certain phenomena, modernization of some tendencies concerning the reasonable expedient transformation of separate grammatical phenomena and categories and at braking and in general stopping of processes of transformation of negative unreasonable not expedient. This fully applies primarily to attempts to transform the forms of degrees of comparison of adjectives and this explains importance of the results achieved in these study.
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Kapelyushnyi, Anatolyi. TRANSFORMATION OF WORD-FORMS DURING THEIR SPONTANEOUS CREATION IN LIVE TELEVISION BROADCASTIN: ADJECTIVES ADVERBS. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2022.51.11409.
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The article analyzes transformation of word-forms during spontaneous creation in live television broadcasting. Particular attention is paid to adjectives adverbs. The specific properties of adverbs makes it easier to trace general trends in their transformations, because adverbs are not burdened with many different forms and their variations, that occur in the process of word change of some other class of words at the same time adverbiatives allow to analyze in more detail the semantical and grammatical structure of speech. The main method we use is to observe the speech of live TV journalist, we used during the study methods of comparative analysis of comparison of theoretical positions from the work of individual linguists and journalists. Our objective is to trace these transformations and develop a certain attitude towards them in our researches of the language of the media and practicing journalists to support positive trends in the development of the broadcasting on TV and give recommendations for overcoming certain negative trends. All studies of the problems of transformation of grammatical forms in different ways relate to translation studies, mostly investigate the grammatical transformations, that the translator resorted to, when reproducing the original by means of another language. At first glance, it would be logical, if the live speech of television journalists was dominated by transformations? Associated with the translation from internal to foreign broadcasting in cases where natural for this TV journalists is Russian-speaking internal broadcasting and he reproducing the text from internal Russian-speaking. The transformation of grammatical forms however this cannot be seen in the live use of adverbiatives. An interesting trend can also be seen in the transformation of different types of grammatical forms. In particular, negative interference is mostly characteristic of the forms of corporate adverbs. Forms of the same word with the same grammatical meaning is such overlapping of two forms of the same grammatical meaning is practically impossible outside of adjectives adverbial and adjectives themselves. Only a small number of transformations are associated with the forms of superlatives.
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Keller, Margo. A comparative study of the reponses by varying socioeconomic groups on general knowledge and categorization tasks. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.2241.
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Zhao, Binghao, Yu Wang, and Wenbin Ma. Comparative Efficacy and Safety of Therapeutics for Elderly Glioblastoma: a Bayesian Network Analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.3.0094.
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Review question / Objective: At this time, a comprehensive systematic review and network meta-analysis (NMA) was conducted to: (1) fill the research gap by giving rankings on treatment efficacy; (2) provide statistical evidence of not head-to-head comparisons; (3) seek out the best and up-to-date therapeutic strategy reported in latest RCTs; (4) address potential adverse events (AEs) of available treatments. Condition being studied: The incidence of glioblastoma (GBM) increases with age, until now, there has been less evidence on the optimal treatments for elderly GBM since only general GBM populations were included in clinical trials. Given the poor survival of elderly GBM, we collected randomized controlled trials about newly diagnosed GBM (ndGBM) and recurrent GBM, and conducted a Bayesian network meta-analysis on ndGBM regarding overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). We revealed TTF + TMZ and TMZ + HFRT were likely to be best treatments for OS; BEV + HFRT and TMZ + HFRT were likely to be best options for PFS. Current study is the most comprehensive and powered network analysis on elderly GBM until now, it also provides more insights for elderly GBM management.
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Pikilnyak, Andrey V., Nadia M. Stetsenko, Volodymyr P. Stetsenko, Tetiana V. Bondarenko, and Halyna V. Tkachuk. Comparative analysis of online dictionaries in the context of the digital transformation of education. [б. в.], June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/4431.
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The article is devoted to a comparative analysis of popular online dictionaries and an overview of the main tools of these resources to study a language. The use of dictionaries in learning a foreign language is an important step to understanding the language. The effectiveness of this process increases with the use of online dictionaries, which have a lot of tools for improving the educational process. Based on the Alexa Internet resource it was found the most popular online dictionaries: Cambridge Dictionary, Wordreference, Merriam–Webster, Wiktionary, TheFreeDictionary, Dictionary.com, Glosbe, Collins Dictionary, Longman Dictionary, Oxford Dictionary. As a result of the deep analysis of these online dictionaries, we found out they have the next standard functions like the word explanations, transcription, audio pronounce, semantic connections, and examples of use. In propose dictionaries, we also found out the additional tools of learning foreign languages (mostly English) that can be effective. In general, we described sixteen functions of the online platforms for learning that can be useful in learning a foreign language. We have compiled a comparison table based on the next functions: machine translation, multilingualism, a video of pronunciation, an image of a word, discussion, collaborative edit, the rank of words, hints, learning tools, thesaurus, paid services, sharing content, hyperlinks in a definition, registration, lists of words, mobile version, etc. Based on the additional tools of online dictionaries we created a diagram that shows the functionality of analyzed platforms.
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Chen, Ziying, Zefei Jiang, Ziyun Guo, Mengchao Wang, Zhen Wang, and Liwei Chen. Comparative efficacy of different types of acupuncture for cancer-related fatigue: a protocol for systematic review and network meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, July 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.7.0012.
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Review question / Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of all current acupuncture therapies for the treatment of CRF through network meta-analysis. Condition being studied: Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) has been defined as a distressing, persistent, subjective sense of physical, emotional, and/or cognitive tiredness or exhaustion related to cancer and/or cancer treatment that is not proportional to recent activity and interferes with usual functioning, as one of the most common symptoms in cancer and related therapies, presents a huge challenge to the quality of life for cancer patients. Unlike general fatigue that can be relieved with rest, CRF is more debilitating, more persistent, and manifests itself in various ways, both physically and mentally. The estimated prevalence of CRF varies widely by various fatigue evaluation indicators, types of cancer, and cancer treatments, ranging from 14.03% to 100%, however, the latest systematic review show that it can have a pooled prevalence of up to 52%, this deserves our attention. But there has been no gold standard treatment for CRF.
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Urfels, Marie. From state support to market and financialization measures in crisis times: A comparative literature review of the Swedish and German housing systems. Malmö University, Faculty of Culture and Society (KS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24834/isbn.9789178772605.
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This paper present the findings of an extensive literature review on the housing systems in Germany and Sweden. The literature review majorly focuses on the rental housing sector but also touches upon other segments of the housing market, especially the cooperative housing sector. The report thus provides a general overview and situates the rental sector in the wider context of the overall housing market in the two countries. The paper adds valuable knowledge about the large differences in the post-war responses to the housing shortage in Germany and Sweden. While Sweden responded with a universal off-market approach to housing, (West) Germany implemented a dualist housing system within a social market economy. Despite differences in past solutions, the contemporary problems seem to be similar. The report concludes that, in the search of a response to the current housing crisis, Germany sees a re-emergence of the state, while Sweden’s next moves are uncertain.
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Bourrier, Mathilde, Michael Deml, and Farnaz Mahdavian. Comparative report of the COVID-19 Pandemic Responses in Norway, Sweden, Germany, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. University of Stavanger, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31265/usps.254.
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The purpose of this report is to compare the risk communication strategies and public health mitigation measures implemented by Germany, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom (UK) in 2020 in response to the COVID-19 pandemic based on publicly available documents. The report compares the country responses both in relation to one another and to the recommendations and guidance of the World Health Organization where available. The comparative report is an output of Work Package 1 from the research project PAN-FIGHT (Fighting pandemics with enhanced risk communication: Messages, compliance and vulnerability during the COVID-19 outbreak), which is financially supported by the Norwegian Research Council's extraordinary programme for corona research. PAN-FIGHT adopts a comparative approach which follows a “most different systems” variation as a logic of comparison guiding the research (Przeworski & Teune, 1970). The countries in this study include two EU member States (Sweden, Germany), one which was engaged in an exit process from the EU membership (the UK), and two non-European Union states, but both members of the European Free Trade Association (EFTA): Norway and Switzerland. Furthermore, Germany and Switzerland govern by the Continental European Federal administrative model, with a relatively weak central bureaucracy and strong subnational, decentralised institutions. Norway and Sweden adhere to the Scandinavian model—a unitary but fairly decentralised system with power bestowed to the local authorities. The United Kingdom applies the Anglo-Saxon model, characterized by New Public Management (NPM) and decentralised managerial practices (Einhorn & Logue, 2003; Kuhlmann & Wollmann, 2014; Petridou et al., 2019). In total, PAN-FIGHT is comprised of 5 Work Packages (WPs), which are research-, recommendation-, and practice-oriented. The WPs seek to respond to the following research questions and accomplish the following: WP1: What are the characteristics of governmental and public health authorities’ risk communication strategies in five European countries, both in comparison to each other and in relation to the official strategies proposed by WHO? WP2: To what extent and how does the general public’s understanding, induced by national risk communication, vary across five countries, in relation to factors such as social capital, age, gender, socio-economic status and household composition? WP3: Based on data generated in WP1 and WP2, what is the significance of being male or female in terms of individual susceptibility to risk communication and subsequent vulnerability during the COVID-19 outbreak? WP4: Based on insight and knowledge generated in WPs 1 and 2, what recommendations can we offer national and local governments and health institutions on enhancing their risk communication strategies to curb pandemic outbreaks? WP5: Enhance health risk communication strategies across five European countries based upon the knowledge and recommendations generated by WPs 1-4. Pre-pandemic preparedness characteristics All five countries had pandemic plans developed prior to 2020, which generally were specific to influenza pandemics but not to coronaviruses. All plans had been updated following the H1N1 pandemic (2009-2010). During the SARS (2003) and MERS (2012) outbreaks, both of which are coronaviruses, all five countries experienced few cases, with notably smaller impacts than the H1N1 epidemic (2009-2010). The UK had conducted several exercises (Exercise Cygnet in 2016, Exercise Cygnus in 2016, and Exercise Iris in 2018) to check their preparedness plans; the reports from these exercises concluded that there were gaps in preparedness for epidemic outbreaks. Germany also simulated an influenza pandemic exercise in 2007 called LÜKEX 07, to train cross-state and cross-department crisis management (Bundesanstalt Technisches Hilfswerk, 2007). In 2017 within the context of the G20, Germany ran a health emergency simulation exercise with WHO and World Bank representatives to prepare for potential future pandemics (Federal Ministry of Health et al., 2017). Prior to COVID-19, only the UK had expert groups, notably the Scientific Advisory Group for Emergencies (SAGE), that was tasked with providing advice during emergencies. It had been used in previous emergency events (not exclusively limited to health). In contrast, none of the other countries had a similar expert advisory group in place prior to the pandemic. COVID-19 waves in 2020 All five countries experienced two waves of infection in 2020. The first wave occurred during the first half of the year and peaked after March 2020. The second wave arrived during the final quarter. Norway consistently had the lowest number of SARS-CoV-2 infections per million. Germany’s counts were neither the lowest nor the highest. Sweden, Switzerland and the UK alternated in having the highest numbers per million throughout 2020. Implementation of measures to control the spread of infection In Germany, Switzerland and the UK, health policy is the responsibility of regional states, (Länders, cantons and nations, respectively). However, there was a strong initial centralized response in all five countries to mitigate the spread of infection. Later on, country responses varied in the degree to which they were centralized or decentralized. Risk communication In all countries, a large variety of communication channels were used (press briefings, websites, social media, interviews). Digital communication channels were used extensively. Artificial intelligence was used, for example chatbots and decision support systems. Dashboards were used to provide access to and communicate data.
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Buraschi, Daniel, and Dirk Godenau. How does Tenerife society perceive immigration? Observatorio de la Inmigración de Tenerife. Departamento de Geografía e Historia. Universidad de La Laguna. Tenerife, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.25145/r.obitfact.2019.15.
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The social perceptions of immigration and the attitudes that Tenerife society has towards immigrants are essential aspects of the dynamics of intercultural coexistence. The Tenerife Immigration Observatory has conducted research that has shows that in general terms the society in Tenerife has a positive perception of immigration, although there is a generalized perception of comparative grievance, based on the idea that migrants are treated more favourably by public institutions
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von Sigsfeld, Julia. Ancestral Knowledges and the Ecuadorian Knowledge Society. Maria Sibylla Merian International Centre for Advanced Studies in the Humanities and Social Sciences Conviviality-Inequality in Latin America, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46877/sigsfeld.2020.24.
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The government of Rafael Correa (2007-2017) embarked on an ambitious project of diversifying the national economy to transition from a primary resource exporting economy to a competitive Knowledge Society and a Knowledge-Based Bio-Economy as biodiversity was conceptualized as the country’s most significant comparative advantage. This paper traces how peoples’ and nationalities’ knowledges, so-called ancestral knowledges, were elicited in unprecedented ways in this context of bringing about a change of the productive matrix. While knowledge in general was reframed as an infinite resource, ancestral knowledges were made productive for a state-led project of capitalist modernization.