Journal articles: 'Comparative and Historical Linguistics'

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van Kerckvoorde, Colette, and Raimo Anttila. "Historical and Comparative Linguistics." Language 66, no. 3 (September 1990): 620. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/414628.

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Buniiatova, Izabella. "COMPARATIVE LINGUISTICS: AIMS, TARGETS, DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS." Studia Philologica, no. 2 (2019): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.28925/2311-2425.2019.13.2.

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This is a survey of comparative linguistics viewed as a set of the related paradigms that embrace comparative historical linguistics, aerial linguistics, linguistic typology and contrastive linguistics. The treatment of the science in question is largely based on the author’s long-standing experience deduced from research projects and from teaching it as a University professor. Placing the aforementioned paradigms under the umbrella concept “comparative linguistics” seems relevant and appropriate due to their sharing the key tool of investigation, i.e., COMPARISON, also due to their providing each other with applicable procedures and principles, as in case of two seemingly closer pairs, comparative historical and aerial areal linguistics, on the one hand, linguistic typology and contrastive linguistics, on the other hand.

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Baldi, Philip. "Comparative-Historical Indo-European Linguistics." Diachronica 13, no. 2 (January 1, 1996): 347–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/dia.13.2.08bal.

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Jäger, Gerhard. "Computational historical linguistics." Theoretical Linguistics 45, no. 3-4 (December 18, 2019): 151–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/tl-2019-0011.

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Abstract Computational approaches to historical linguistics have been proposed for half a century. Within the last decade, this line of research has received a major boost, owing both to the transfer of ideas and software from computational biology and to the release of several large electronic data resources suitable for systematic comparative work. In this article, some of the central research topics of this new wave of computational historical linguistics are introduced and discussed. These are automatic assessment of genetic relatedness, automatic cognate detection, phylogenetic inference and ancestral state reconstruction. They will be demonstrated by means of a case study of automatically reconstructing a Proto-Romance word list from lexical data of 50 modern Romance languages and dialects. The results illustrate both the strengths and the weaknesses of the current state of the art of automating the comparative method.

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Lehmann, Winfred P. "Raimo Anttila. Historical and Comparative Linguistics." Studies in Language 14, no. 1 (January 1, 1990): 249–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sl.14.1.13leh.

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Koch, Harold, Robert Mailhammer, Robert A. Blust, Claire Bowern, Don Daniels, Alexandre François, Simon J. Greenhill, et al. "Research priorities in historical-comparative linguistics." Diachronica 31, no. 2 (August 5, 2014): 267–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/dia.31.2.04koc.

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Steiner, Lydia, Michael Cysouw, and Peter Stadler. "A Pipeline for Computational Historical Linguistics." Language Dynamics and Change 1, no. 1 (2011): 89–127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/221058211x570358.

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AbstractThere are many parallels between historical linguistics and molecular phylogenetics. In this paper we describe an algorithmic pipeline that mimics, as closely as possible, the traditional workflow of language reconstruction known as the comparative method. The pipeline consists of suitably modified algorithms based on recent research in bioinformatics, which are adapted to the specifics of linguistic data. This approach can alleviate much of the laborious research needed to establish proof of historical relationships between languages. Equally important to our proposal is that each step in the workflow of the comparative method is implemented independently, so language specialists have the possibility to scrutinize intermediate results. We have used our pipeline to investigate two groups of languages, the Tsezic languages of the Caucasus and the Mataco-Guaicuruan languages of South America, based on the lexical data from the Intercontinental Dictionary Series (IDS). The results of these tests show that the current approach is a viable and useful extension to historical linguistic research.

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Hohaus, Vera, and M. Ryan Bochnak. "The Grammar of Degree: Gradability Across Languages." Annual Review of Linguistics 6, no. 1 (January 14, 2020): 235–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-linguistics-011718-012009.

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In this review, we discuss the empirical landscape of degree constructions cross-linguistically as well as the major analytical avenues that have been pursued to account for individual languages and cross-linguistic variation. We first focus on comparatives and outline various compositional strategies for different types of comparative sentences as well as points of cross-linguistic variation in the lexicalization of comparative operators and gradable predicates. We then expand the discussion to superlatives, equatives, and other degree constructions. Finally, we turn to constructions beyond the prototypical degree constructions but where degree-based analyses have been pursued; we focus on change-of-state verbs and exclamatives. This is an area that is especially ripe for future cross-linguistic research. We conclude by mentioning connections to other subfields of linguistics, such as language acquisition, historical linguistics, and language processing.

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Tehan, Thomas M., Santi Saentong, Bela Brogyanyi, and Reiner Lipp. "Comparative-Historical Linguistics: Indo-European and Finno-Ugric." Language 73, no. 1 (March 1997): 186. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/416608.

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Loginov, Alexandr Vladimirovich, and Artem Aleksandrovich Trofimov. "Solon’s poetry in light of comparative-historical linguistics." Филология: научные исследования, no. 4 (April 2020): 13–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0749.2020.4.32783.

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The subject of this research is the heritage of Indo-European poetics in works of the Ancient Greek poet Solon. The object of this research is the elegies and fragments of his hexametric oeuvres. The authors examine such aspects of the topic as: 1) retention in Solon’s poetry of the structures similar to exposition of hymns in Ancient Greek and Ancient Indian traditions; 2) preservation of stylistic figures widely represented in the poetry of ancient Indo-European peoples; 3) preservation of poetic expressions and mythological ideas that may date back to Indo-European times. For achieving the set goals, the author employ the methods of text hermeneutics, semantic analysis, and comparative-historical linguistics. The following conclusions are made: in the corpus of Solon’s texts there are fragments very similar to expositions of hymns in the Ancient Greek and Vedic traditions; Solon’s poetry contains stylistic approaches that can be reconstructed to the level of Indo-European poetics; poetic expressions and mythological representations dated back to Indo-European times are retained in Solon’s texts.

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Bubenik, Vit. "Review of Anttila (1989): Historical and Comparative Linguistics." Diachronica 6, no. 1 (January 1, 1989): 123–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/dia.6.1.09bub.

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Justus, Carol F. "The 'Comparative Method' and Reconstruction in Historical Linguistics." Diachronica 9, no. 1 (January 1, 1992): 87–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/dia.9.1.07jus.

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Humaidi, Humaidi. "LINGUISTIK MODERN PERSEPEKTIF DOKTOR MAHMUD FAHMI AL-HIJAZI." Al-Fathin: Jurnal Bahasa dan Sastra Arab 3, no. 01 (August 9, 2020): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.32332/al-fathin.v3i01.2001.

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Abstract Linguistics is the study of language scientifically. In his study, linguistics has the scope of studies and methods of study. The scope of linguistic studies is phonology, morphology, syntax and semantics. Phonology research is the study of language sounds. Morphology is the field of linguistics that studies about word formation and morphemes in a language. Syntax is the study of the structure of language. And the last semantics is the study of meaning. While the methodology of linguistic studies are comparative linguistics, descriptive linguistics, historical linguistics, and contrastive linguistics.

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Donohue, Mark, Tim Denham, and Stephen Oppenheimer. "New methodologies for historical linguistics?" Diachronica 29, no. 4 (December 14, 2012): 505–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/dia.29.4.04don.

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Recent research claims that analysis of lexical cognate classes for a basic wordlist can reproduce linguistic subgroups within the Austronesian family (Gray et al. 2009). The analysis is open to question in two respects. Primarily, the lexically-based classification, primed with pre-established cognate classes of the family it seeks to emulate, fails to differentiate shared retentions from shared innovations. Secondly, languages and language families typically disperse through contiguous regions (especially in the Pacific) which means that geography or social distance should be expected crudely to match phylogeny in most cases. The reproduction fails because of local borrowing between branches not closely related to each other. For instance, when we examine disjunct distributions, cases in which the phylogeny does not match a straightforward geographic spread, we can determine which of these (phylogeny or geography) the lexical cognate approach preferentially detects. Where we find a mismatch between geography and phylogeny, Gray et al.’s approach clusters languages based on human geography (that is, social distance), not linguistic subgroup. In all cases of divergence between Gray et al.’s tree and accepted Austronesian trees, the discrepancy is a product of the former representing social distance rather than historical phylogenetic relationships. In summary, the examination of lexical cognate classes is not a valid proxy for the comparative method, though it is a useful heuristic for detecting pairs of languages that are either lexically conservative, or which show the effects of later lexical diffusion (without discriminating between these two outcomes).

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Beckwith, Christopher I. "COULD THERE BE A KOREAN–JAPANESE LINGUISTIC RELATIONSHIP THEORY? SCIENCE, THE DATA, AND THE ALTERNATIVES." International Journal of Asian Studies 7, no. 2 (June 15, 2010): 201–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479591410000070.

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The ethnolinguistic history of early East Asia depends on the comparative-historical study of the different languages. Scholars have long studied the early interrelationships among the major languages of East Asia, but only rarely according to the theory and methodology of scientific comparative-historical linguistics and linguistic typology, in which theories are expected to conform to the data. Among the many highly contested genetic relationship proposals in the region is the “Korean-Japanese theory”. Despite nearly a century of work by some very prominent scholars, no one has given a convincing demonstration of such a relationship, partly due to the paucity of supporting data, despite the fact that the two languages in question are vibrant and well attested. Now two leading scholars of Japanese and Korean linguistics who are familiar with each other's work, J. M. Unger and A. Vovin, have almost simultaneously published new books on the topic, one in favor of the theory, one against it. The contributions and flaws of the two books, and their position relative to the development of a scientific tradition of comparative-historical linguistics, are discussed. Special attention is paid to Koguryo, the extinct Japanese-related language once spoken on the Korean Peninsula that is crucial to any discussion of the historical relationship of Japanese and Korean.

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Weingarten, Rüdiger. "Comparative graphematics." Written Language and Literacy 14, no. 1 (February 17, 2011): 12–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/wll.14.1.02wei.

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This paper seeks to outline comparative graphematics as a linguistic approach within writing systems research and typology. In addition to providing a general outline of the approach and its benefits, it is exemplified through a discussion of the relation between the gemination of consonant letters and the graphemic representation of long consonants. Two different approaches within comparative graphematics are applied, one that asks about the meaning or function of the units of writing systems and one that starts with linguistic (e.g. phonological or morphological) units or structures and looks at whether they are represented (and, if so, how) in various writing systems. Consequently, two different typological matrices are presented. Moreover, through a combination of historical and comparative perspectives, the paper investigates the diachronic transitions in the functions of a graphemic construction, as observed within the history of a single writing system or in its adoption within several systems. It is shown that an inherited construction, such as the germination of consonant letters, can be reanalysed; if it loses its former representational function during the course of language change, it may subsequently be utilized for different purposes. A construction may also remain as an ‘evolutionary vestige’ within a writing system, at least for some time. Similar forms of reanalysis can be found if a construction is applied to a new language. Keywords: graphematics; orthography; writing system; script; comparative linguistics; cross-linguistic studies; typology; germination

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Chizhova, Larisa. "The Program of Discipline “The Theory of Comparative-Historical Linguistics”." Stephanos. Peer reviewed multilanguage scientific journal 35, no. 3 (May 30, 2019): 268–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.24249/2309-9917-2019-35-3-268-275.

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Chizhova, Larisa. "The Program of Discipline “The Theory of Comparative-Historical Linguistics”." Stephanos. Peer reviewed multilanguage scientific journal 36, no. 4 (July 23, 2019): 215–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.24249/2309-9917-2019-36-4-215-223.

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FELLNER, Hannes A., and Nathan W. HILL. "Word families, allofams, and the comparative method." Cahiers de Linguistique Asie Orientale 48, no. 2 (November 27, 2019): 91–124. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/19606028-04802001.

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Abstract Linguists researching the Trans-Himalayan family do not have a self-perception as working outside the mainstream of historical linguistics, but ‘word families’ and ‘allofams’ are important elements in their thinking despite the absence of these terms in the wider discipline. A close examination of the practice of historical linguistics in Indo-European and Trans-Himalayan leads to the conclusion that those phenomena treated as word families admit superior analyses in more traditional terms.

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Park, John. "Comparative Literature and Hegel's Historical Thinking." Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 131, no. 2 (March 2016): 439–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/pmla.2016.131.2.439.

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Haun saussy opens his influential discussion of past and present conceptions of comparative literature, “exquisite cadavers Stitched from Fresh Nightmares,” by linking them in an apparently historic claim to victory: “Comparative literature has, in a sense, won its battles” (3). The ambiguous nature of that claim, and the real subject of Saussy's ensuing discussion, is indicated, however, by the qualifying phrase “in a sense.” In another sense, Saussy implies, the achievements of comparative literature remain open to debate. For, despite the widespread adoption by national-literature departments of comparative literature's theoretical methods of inquiry, comparative approaches to literature continue to be considered inessential or secondary to the defining aim of national-literature departments—investigating and describing the reality of historically grounded national traditions and identities. Saussy's “sense” of victory is thus snatched from the jaws of an unapologetic sense of defeat:What needs propagating is the comparative reflex, the comparative way of thinking, not the departmental name; and if those are to spread at the cost of identity and institutional reward, so much the worse for identity.—It so happens that identity is the pivot of our triumph—and our wraithlikeness. (5)

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Litiaga, V. "PROBLEMS OF COMPARATIVE-HISTORICAL LINGUISTIC AND LINGUISTIC TYPOLOGY." PROBLEMS OF SEMANTICS, PRAGMATICS AND COGNITIVE LINGUISTICS, no. 33 (2018): 38–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2663-6530.2018.33.03.

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The article analyzes basic scientific approaches to the interpretation of the terms of «linguoculturology», «linguistic conceptology» and «linguistic concept». We consider the relationship of language and culture, and the role of the term «concept» in this regard. In the article we structured the term «concept» from a linguocultural point of view. These theoretical considerations are the basis for the study of ways and mean of forming a conceptual image of Kyiv Rus in the French medieval linguistic cultural picture of the world. The aim of this article is to examine the influence of the country’s image on shaping the bilateral relations between Ukraine and France in a linguocultural conceptual aspect. The article reveals the main semantic and linguoconceptual aspects of medieval French culture. It shows the links between historical and actual aspects of the conceptual sphere in the formation of public opinion in contemporary international relations. Despite the increasing interest of the scholars in the influence that the image of country may have on bilateral relations, this topic has been under‐researched. This article presents the author’s insights based on theoretical and empirical studies that could shed some new light on this important topic. By looking at the «linguocultural» aspect of the relationship between Kyiv Rus and France in the Medieval times the article gives a basic analysis of the process of country image formation since the tenth century and its impact on present times. The article also provides a basis for further linguistic research of this topic.

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Maslakhah, Siti. "PENERAPAN METODE LEARNING BY DOING SEBAGAI IMPLEMENTASI FILSAFAT PRAGMATISME DALAM MATA KULIAH LINGUISTIK HISTORIS KOMPARATIF." Diksi 27, no. 2 (December 23, 2019): 159–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.21831/diksi.v27i2.23098.

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(Title: Application of the Learning by Doing Method as an Implementation of the Pragmatism Philosophy in Comparative Historical Linguistic Subjects). The aim of the article is to describe the implementation of learning by doing method in learning Historical Comparative Linguistics course in Study Program of Indonesian Literature FBS UNY especially on the subject of lexicostatistics and glottochronology. Comparative Historical Linguistics (Linguistik Historis Komparatif/LHK) course is taught in Study Program of Indonesian Literature, Indonesian Language and Literature Education Department, FBS UNY, offered in odd semester and must be taken by the fifth semester students who choose linguistic skill. One of the topics in this course is lexicostatistics and glottochronology. From the results of the examination, it was found that students' understanding and skills of this subject were not entirely satisfactory, therefore learning by doing method was applied so that students had knowledge and skills to determine kinship and a separate period of two languages. In the learning of lexicostatistics and glottochronology subject, the students participating in the class are grouped into several groups. Each group is given the task of calculating the kinship of two languages and then determining the separate period between the two languages. The language studied by each group is different from the other groups. Each group is given the task of finding data in the field. The data is in the form of a lexicon taken from the basic of Swadesh. Students look for respondents who speak the mother tongue of the language who are the object of their research to obtain lexicons from the languages. When the lexicon has been collected, they calculate the kinship and determine the separate period by using the existing formulas. The final results are presented in front of the class. Keyword: learning by doing, pragmatism, comparative historical linguistic

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Rodrigues, Aryon Dall’Igna, Ana Suelly Arruda Câmara Cabral, and Beatriz Carretta Corrêa-da-Silva. "Evidências Lingüísticas para a Reconstrução de um Nominalizador de Objeto **-Mi- Em Proto-Tupí (Linguistic Evidences for the Reconstruction of a Proto-Tupí Object Nominalizer **-Mi-)." Estudos da Língua(gem) 4, no. 1 (December 30, 2006): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.22481/el.v4i1.1021.

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Apresentamos uma proposta de reconstrução para o Proto-Tupí de um processo derivacional que teria formado nomes de objeto a partir de verbos transitivos, por meio de um prefixo **-mi-, cujo resultado teria sido combinado com um mediador de posse indireta **-e(p)-. A proposta, desenvolvida mediante o Método Histórico-Comparativo, é fundamentada por vários dados de sete das dez famílias que constituem o tronco lingüístico Tupí.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Lingüística Histórica. Reconstrução lingüística. Nominalização. Posse mediada. Morfossintaxe. Tronco Tupí.ABSTRACTThis paper deals with the reconstruction of a Proto-Tupí derivation process by which names of object would be derived from transitive verbs by means of a prefix **-mi-, whose resulting form would have been combined with a marker for mediated possession **-e(p)-. This proposal, developed according to the Historical Comparative Method, is supported by data from seven of the ten families which constitute the Tupí linguistic stock. KEYWORDS: Historical Linguistics. Linguistic reconstruction. Nominalization. Mediated possession. Morphosyntax . Tupí linguistic stock.

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Askhatkyzy, B., and U. T. Kydyrbayeva. "Dictionaries oflinguistics in the Kazakh andTurkish languages from the XX century to the present: comparative analysis." Bulletin of the L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University. Political Science. Regional Studies. Oriental Studies. Turkology Series. 134, no. 1 (2021): 109–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.32523/2616-6887/2021-134-1-109-121.

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Linguistics is a branch of science that reflects the internal laws and rules of the language. Thanks to dictionaries published in the field of linguistics, you can see whether terms are formed in a particular system or not.The article analyzes description oflinguistic dictionaries published in theKazakh and Turkish languages from the twentieth century to thepresentday.Various factors have influenced the change in language throughout the century. For example, in Kazakh linguistics before independence, most of the terms were given Russian names. The grammar of theArabic, Persian and Western languages had a particular influence on the formation of Turkish linguistics. In the article, there are analyzed features and disadvantages of the internal structure of dictionaries and there has been determined their number. An example of a linguistic term for each dictionary is also provided.There wereused such linguistic method as comparative historical analysisand description

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Gray, Russell D., Quentin D. Atkinson, and Simon J. Greenhill. "Language evolution and human history: what a difference a date makes." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 366, no. 1567 (April 12, 2011): 1090–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2010.0378.

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Historical inference is at its most powerful when independent lines of evidence can be integrated into a coherent account. Dating linguistic and cultural lineages can potentially play a vital role in the integration of evidence from linguistics, anthropology, archaeology and genetics. Unfortunately, although the comparative method in historical linguistics can provide a relative chronology, it cannot provide absolute date estimates and an alternative approach, called glottochronology, is fundamentally flawed. In this paper we outline how computational phylogenetic methods can reliably estimate language divergence dates and thus help resolve long-standing debates about human prehistory ranging from the origin of the Indo-European language family to the peopling of the Pacific.

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Sagdieva, Guzal Juraevna. "Problems Of Colorative Vocabulary In Modern Linguistics." American Journal of Social Science and Education Innovations 03, no. 01 (January 31, 2021): 614–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajssei/volume03issue01-107.

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This article discusses coloration vocabulary that expresses the meaning of a color. The vocabulary denoting color, as a descriptive element, acts in a direct meaning, and can also have an additional figurative meaning. Color coding has been studied by researchers in various aspects. There is a description of the composition the colorative vocabulary and its semantic structure. The research was carried out in ethnolinguistic, comparative-historical and psycholinguistic aspects. Also, proven the psychophysiological influence of color on a person.

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Key, Mary Ritchie. "Dialects and historical/comparative linguistics: The interconnection of space and time." Language Sciences 9, no. 2 (October 1987): 207–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0388-0001(87)80020-7.

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Ibraev, Shakimashrip. "Turkology: scientific paradigm and intersubject description." Turkic Studies Journal 1, no. 2 (2019): 41–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.32523/tsj.02-2019/2-5.

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The article analyzes the relationship and the complex (complex) nature of the humanities, which are part of Turkology. For this purpose, the scientific materials of Turkology and their historical transitions were studied on the basis of linguistics and folklore. As a result, the scientific paradigms of the disciplines of Turkic languages and folklore were developed in collaboration with each other. The coincidence was observed on the theoretical and methodological basis of research, and not only on the political and social situation, the general historical era. Three periods of development, such as the Radlov period of linguistics, the policy of the linguistic development of the Soviet era (linguistic construction) and the study of the historical-comparative aspect of world scientific experience, were repeatedly duplicated in folklore. The reason for this is that folklore was interpreted as some kind of verbal expression of a language phenomenon. The development of world anthropological science has shown that these two subjects will develop in the future.

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Owens, Jonathan. "Contemporaneous Comparative Corpora and Historical Linguistic Reconstruction." Anthropological Linguistics 62, no. 1 (2020): 58–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/anl.2020.0000.

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Erard, Michael, and George Kennedy. "Comparative Rhetoric: An Historical and Cross-Cultural Introduction." Language 75, no. 3 (September 1999): 634. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/417111.

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Desmet, Piet, Peter Lauwers, and Pierre Swiggers. "Dialectology, Philology and Linguistics in the Romance Field." Variation in (Sub)standard language 13 (December 31, 1999): 177–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/bjl.13.10des.

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Abstract. This contribution offers a historical survey of the views adopted by Romance scholars in methodological discussions tied up with dialectological work conducted between 1875 and 1925. Following an initial phase in which dialectology was strongly linked to folklore-based work and was mainly devoted to the collection of materials, the study of dialects gained a theoretical status within the historical-comparative model. Dialectology then became institutionalised as an academic discipline which developed in various theoretical directions, with Jules Gilliéron and Louis Gauchat as the two key representatives. Whereas Gilliéron favoured the semantic and psychological study of the history of words - to the neglect of the study of their phonetic evolution -, Gauchat stressed the primacy of phonetics, while paying due attention to sociolinguistic phenomena. The methodological principles on which dialectological work was based had a major impact on other domains within Romance linguistics. Walther von Wartburg, for example, integrated the results of dialectological work in his Romance etymological studies, and Antoine Meillet stressed the heuristic and methodological contribution of linguistic geography to historical and general linguistics.

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Амрахова, Лианна Гуси кызы. "On the archaisms and in the Epic of." Вестник Адыгейского государственного университета, серия «Филология и искусствоведение», no. 3(282) (March 2, 2022): 29–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.53598/2410-3489-2021-3-282-29-33.

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В статье в историко-лингвистическом аспекте рассматриваются вопросы, связанные с этимологией слов гопуз и йелетме. Данные слова были взяты из древнетюркского эпоса «Китаби Деде Коркут». В процессе исследования особое место отведено анализу происхождения данных слов в историческом освещении. В ходе исследования были использованы исторически-описательный и исторически-сопоставительный методы лингвистики. В конце статьи выводы исследования предоставляются в отдельных пунктах. The paper examines the issues related to the etymology of the words gopuz and yeletme in the historical and linguistic aspect. These words were taken from the ancient Turkic epic of Kitabi Dede Korkut . In the process of research, a special place is given to the analysis of the origin of these words in historical coverage. In the course of the research, the historically descriptive and historically comparative methods of linguistics were used. At the end of the publication, the findings of the study are provided in separate paragraphs.

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Milroy, James, and Lesley Milroy. "Linguistic change, social network and speaker innovation." Journal of Linguistics 21, no. 2 (September 1985): 339–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022226700010306.

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This paper is concerned with the social mechanisms of linguistic change, and we begin by noting the distinction drawn by Bynon (1977) between two quite different approaches to the study of linguistic change. The first and more idealized, associated initially with traditional nineteenth century historical linguistics, involves the study of successive ‘states of the language’, states reconstructed by the application of comparative techniques to necessarily partial historical records. Generalizations (in the form of laws) about the relationships between these states may then be made, and more recently the specification of ‘possible’ and ‘impossible’ processes of change has been seen as an important theoretical goal.

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Bodt, Timotheus A., and Johann‐Mattis List. "Testing the predictive strength of the comparative method: an ongoing experiment on unattested words in Western Kho‐Bwa languages." Papers in Historical Phonology 4 (June 20, 2019): 22–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2218/pihph.4.2019.3037.

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Although it is well‐known to most historical linguists that the comparative method could in principle be used to predict hitherto unobserved words in genetically related languages, the task of word prediction is rarely discussed in the linguistic literature. Here, we introduce 'reflex retrodiction' as a new task for historical linguistics and report on an ongoing experiment in which we use a computer‐assisted workflow to retrodict reflexes for so far unobserved words in eight varieties of Western Kho‐Bwa (a subgroup of Sino‐Tibetan). Since, at the time of writing this report, the experiment is still ongoing, we do not report concrete results, but instead provide an estimate of our expectations by testing the performance of the computational part of our workflow on existing language data. Our results suggest that reflex retrodiction has the potential of becoming a useful tool for historically oriented fieldwork.

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NURSE, DEREK. "THE CONTRIBUTIONS OF LINGUISTICS TO THE STUDY OF HISTORY IN AFRICA." Journal of African History 38, no. 3 (November 1997): 359–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853797007044.

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The work of historical and comparative linguists has long interested African historians. By classifying languages into families, linguists provide models of their historical development that may point to historical events and processes that occurred among peoples speaking those languages. Once classified, linguists can then reconstruct earlier forms of present languages, thus providing direct evidence of words, their meanings and historical influences in the past. Finally, linguists seek to explain innovations that are revealed in their reconstructions by pointing to a combination of internal linguistic developments and different forms of contact that occurred among speakers of different languages.Simple classification, based largely on counting cognate words in related languages (a technique known as lexicostatistics), is still a very common activity, however, and thus the one most historians rely on, but lexicostatistics gives only a very limited, and often deceptive, view of language history. Historians should thus be aware of its limitations as well as the potential of a number of important techniques now employed by linguists, including the Comparative Method, reconstruction of ancestral languages, and contact models.

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Hyman, Larry M., and Florian Lionnet. "Historical linguistics and the comparative study of African languages (review)." Language 88, no. 3 (2012): 640–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/lan.2012.0067.

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Heath, Jeffrey. "Historical Linguistics and the Comparative Study of African Languages by Gerrit Dimmendaal." Anthropological Linguistics 55, no. 2 (2013): 190–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/anl.2013.0009.

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Rykin and Рыкин. "Mongolic Historical and Comparative Linguistics: State-of-the-Art and Recent Advances." Central Asiatic Journal 64, no. 1-2 (2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.13173/centasiaj.64.1-2.0001.

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Georg, Stefan. "The Role of Paradigmatic Morphology in Historical, Areal and Genealogical Linguistics." Journal of Language Contact 10, no. 2 (May 19, 2017): 353–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/19552629-01002005.

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Paradigmatic morphology is a central and crucial concept for several branches of comparative linguistics. The observation of shared paradigms in languages which were not suspected of having a common ancestry stands at the cradle of modern genealogical linguistics and dominates the discussion(s) about not firmly established or merely putative language families or phyla to this day, the very different morphological techniques different languages use for the formation of paradigms mark the beginning of language typology, now a major pillar of the language sciences, and the question, to which degree languages—closely, distantly, or not at all related with each other—may borrow morphological paradigms (part or whole) from each other or might have done so in the past (which, if true and not properly detected, might lead to superficially persuasive, but factually erroneous, claims and hypotheses of genealogical relatedness) continues to be an important theoretical and practical issue in comparative linguistics. The contributions to this volume address, i. a., all of these questions and areas and offer much food for thought about historical morphology, areal linguistics and, above all, language classification—going far beyond the “Altaic hypothesis” , which figures prominently in some of them.

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Zhamsaranova, Raisa Gandybalovna. "The Linguistic Origin of the Hori-Buryat Pagan Name Odo / Odoy / Otoy." Ethnic Culture 3, no. 2 (June 25, 2021): 24–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.31483/r-98501.

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The article is devoted to the comparative analysis of personal names of pre-Tibet-Mongolian origin of the corpus of the historical anthroponymicon of the Khori-Buryats. The purpose of the article is to introduce the historical anthroponymicon of the Khori-Buryats as one of the Mongolian-speaking peoples written out from the censuses of the State Archive of the Trans-Baikal Territory for 1850–1851 in the aspect of comparative linguistics. One of the tasks of this study is to determine the preliminary meaning of names like Odo / Odoy / Otoy and, accordingly, the possible linguistic origin of these names. Materials and methods of research. The anthroponymic material is personal names with unclear semantics, written out from the censuses of 11 Khori-Buryat kins for 1850–1851 from the documents of State Archive of the Trans-Baikal Territory. It is known about the complexity of the ethnogenesis of any people, not excluding the Khorin Buryats as one of the Mongolian peoples. Historical anthroponyms of any ethnic group with an adequate «deciphering» of their meaning can serve as a kind of proof of the hypothetical participation of different tribal communities of the historical past, both in language and in their ethnicity, and of the peoples and territories of their modern habitat. The research methodology is based on the comparative method, the component method, and the comparative-historical method. The scientific novelty of the study of the names of the historical anthroponymicon is obvious for the following reasons: firstly, historical personal names that have been documented in archival documents have been introduced into scientific circulation; secondly, these names have not been studied for their ethnolinguistic before this article; thirdly, the preliminary results of the meaning of these names, and most importantly, their linguistic origin, have an absolute perspective for the development of many humanities, primarily Siberian onomastics, in the context of contrastivistics and comparative studies.

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Quizar, Robin. "Tracing the Ch’orti’ Antipassive System: A Comparative/Historical View." International Journal of American Linguistics 86, no. 2 (April 2, 2020): 237–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/707246.

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Elmaz, Orhan. "Explorative Journey Through Hadith Collections." Journal of Arabic and Islamic Studies 21 (August 3, 2021): 39–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5617/jais.8966.

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The article offers insight into a fresh way to utilise hadith collections beyond criticising their material in terms of their authenticity or discussing their implications for Islamic law. It builds on a digital corpus of collections to represent the wealth of canonical Sunni, Shia and Ibadite traditions. In this first exploration of this corpus, the interconnectedness of early Islamic Arabia with other parts of world is highlighted through an analysis of travelling words, proper names, and concrete objects in a few case studies organised into five sections by geographical area. These include translation, a Wanderwort, and contact through commerce and trade. The methods applied to analyse the material are those of historical and comparative linguistics. The results indicate that exploring linguistic aspects of hadith collections—notwithstanding editorial revision and their canonisation—can inform studies of language change in Arabic and set the course to research the standardisation of Arabic. Key words: Hadith Studies, historical linguistics, corpus linguistics, Middle Persian, Southern Arabia, Late Antiquity

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Iliadi, Alexander. "IRANO — SLAVICA: HISTORICAL-WORD-BUILDING PARALLELS." Naukovy Visnyk of South Ukrainian National Pedagogical University named after K. D. Ushynsky: Linguistic Sciences 18, no. 28 (July 2019): 95–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.24195/2616-5317-2019-28-9.

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The paper deals with the findings of the research dedicated to the study of word-building in the Iranian and Slavonic languages in the comparativehistorical aspect. The task of the article was comparative analysis of Iranian and Slavonic lexemes with common Indo-European roots in diachrony and synchrony. Particularly, their etymology and peculiarities of functioning have been reviewed. In the course of the research the hypothesis of the common Indo-European legacy for word-building of the two language groups (Iranian and Slavonic) has been proved. At the same time the evidence for the common innovations for the age of Slavonic and Iranian contacts has been found. The prototypes and derivatives have been analyzed in detail with the selection of typologically common and specific linguistic features of derivation. The methodology of this research involved the inductive and deductive methods, the method of contrastive analysis and ethnic methodological conversation analysis. The analyzed word-building parallels and the conclusions are of great relevance for both comparative and historic and general linguistics. Comparativistics also employs the typological reference point. It is not only the presence of morphologically identical and chronologically similar complexes (combinations of morphemes) in two typologically not distant languages that is important. There should also be typological similarity of the processes of the word structure modification in case one and the same element is used. This proves the potential possibility of the equal development of the group of non-distantly related units in different languages. The perspective is seen in reviewing this issue in the different groups of the Indo-European languages.

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Shevchenko, Larysa. "YURIY SHEVELOV: MODUS OF SCIENTIFIC SPACE AND TRADITIONS OF KHARKOV HISTORICAL-PHILOLOGICAL SCHOOL." Polish Studies of Kyiv, no. 35 (2019): 412–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/psk.2019.35.412-417.

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The article analyzes the linguistic activity of Yuriy Shevelov, a professor at the Columbia University of the United States, an academician of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. The genesis and evolution of the scholarly views of the researcher in the projection of the Kharkiv historical-philological school, its traditions, conceptual ideas, and the circle of philologists, which determined the formation of Ukrainian linguistics from the end of the nineteenth century, are considered. The attention was paid to the scientific status of the views of Y. Shevelov on the origin, development and functional perspective of the Ukrainian language. The linguistic competence of Yuriy Shevelov, which allows him to formulate assertions about the objectivity of assigning the monuments of verbal Ukrainian culture to the national historical heritage on the basis of linguistic characteristics, and not the territorial affiliation, is characterized. The linguist’s innovative ideas on the development of the phonological system of the Ukrainian language from the Proto-Slavic foundation to the present period, which were based on a broad historical, dialect and comparative material, are emphasized. Yuriy Shevelov opposed the well-known concepts of the East Slavic (Old Russian) protolanguage, advocating the concept of the configuration and rearrangement of dialectal groups, of which Ukrainian, Russian and Belarussian developed in the process of historical development. The article deals with the personalities of Kharkiv historical-philological school in connection with the cultural evolutionism of the Ukrainian literary tradition, primarily with the creative work of Gregory Skovoroda. The legitimacy of Yuriy Shevelov’s thesis about the Ukrainian phonetic nature of the language of the works of Gregory Skovoroda, which is confirmed in scientific works of modern researchers, is proved. Attention is paid to the high appreciation of Yu. Shevelov’s work in modern linguistics, which confirms the scientific bibliography of the main works that influenced the modern «state and status» of Ukrainian linguistics.

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Truhlarova, Oxana G., and Simona Korycankova. "The History and Main Avenues of Historical Lexicography in the Comparative Aspect (On the Example of Historical Dictionaries of the Russian and Czech Languages)." Voprosy leksikografii, no. 18 (2020): 73–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/22274200/18/4.

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The aim of the present article is to trace the establishment of the Russian and Czech historical lexicography and conduct a comparative study of the features of historical dictionaries of these languages. Historical dictionaries of the Czech and Russian languages served as the subject matter of the study. The dictionaries are reviewed chronologically and analyzed according to several lexicographical criteria: time of creation, pool of sources, extent of vocabulary, entry structure, manner of representation of a word’s lexical meaning. Historical lexicography is distinguished by a certain terminological vagueness and ambiguity. Thus, the term “historical dictionary” can mean, on the one hand, a lexicographical study that represents the history of words in the course of a certain epoch in a language’s evolution. On the other hand, dictionaries that explain the meaning of words used in ancient writings can also be termed historical. Such ambiguity signifies that the subject of historical lexicography has not received sufficient attention, either in regards to individual languages, or the Slavic lexicography as a whole. This study has isolated the following stages in the development of the Czech and Russian historical lexicography: (1) 17th–18th centuries – scientific study of vocabulary gives rise to predecessors of historical dictionaries (wordlists, lexicons), (2) 19th century – descriptions of vocabulary stress diachronic changes, giving rise to the first historical dictionaries, (3) 20th century – historical lexicography joins linguistics as a distinct branch of scientific study. A methodology for the compilation of historical dictionaries is developed, many new historical dictionaries are compiled that encompass the entire span of a language’s history, as well as only certain formative stages of the Russian or Czech language. (4) Late 20th – early 21st centuries – conceptual changes to the editorial approach to the structure and compilation of historical dictionaries, the relevance of publishing the dictionaries in the printed form is debated. The introduction of IT into the linguistic science has enabled an expansion of the dictionary database. The practice of creating language corpora has given historical lexicography a new direction and made the material accessible to a wide circle of users. The following can be counted among the distinctive features of the Czech and Russian historical lexicography: a keen interest in the history of language on the part of Czech researchers at even the early stages of the linguistic science, adherence to Western European examples by Czech lexicographers, most historical dictionaries of the Czech language have never been published in full because the work on them has either been suspended or discontinued altogether. In the Russian historical lexicography, on the other hand, there is an intense ongoing effort to create new dictionaries.

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Leushina, Lilia T. "All-Russian Scientific Conference "Topical Problems of Classic Philology and Comparative-Historical Linguistics"." Sibirskiy filologicheskiy zhurnal, no. 4 (December 1, 2009): 178–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/18137083/29/25.

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Abraham, Werner. "Book notice: “The dictionary of historical and comparative linguistics” by R. L. Trask." Studies in Language 26, no. 3 (November 1, 2002): 736–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sl.26.3.18abr.

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Cahill, Michael C. "Review of Dimmendal (2011): Historical linguistics and the comparative study of African languages." Studies in Language 36, no. 4 (December 31, 2012): 907–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sl.36.4.06cah.

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Haug, Dag T. "The Linguistic Thought of Friedrich August Wolf: A reconsideration of the relationship between classical philology and linguistics in the 19th century." Historiographia Linguistica International Journal for the History of the Language Sciences 32, no. 1-2 (2005): 35–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hl.32.1-2.03hau.

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This paper examines the linguistic thought of Friedrich August Wolf (1759–1824), the founder of modern classical philology, and tries to show that contrary to what is commonly assumed, grammar played an important role in his research program for a ‘science of antiquity’. Specifically, Wolf encouraged the study of philosophical grammar, which was the leading linguistic paradigm in Germany around 1800, and he developed an original theory of tense within this methodological framework. But philosophical grammar would appear obsolete soon after the establishment of historical-comparative linguistics and this, it is argued, is an important reason for the enmities in the first half of the 19th century between Indo-Europeanists and the Classical scholars who stayed within the old linguistic paradigm.

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Haug, Dag. "The linguistic thought of Friedrich August Wolf." Historiographia Linguistica 32, no. 1-2 (June 8, 2005): 35–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hl.32.2.03hau.

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Summary This paper examines the linguistic thought of Friedrich August Wolf (1759–1824), the founder of modern classical philology, and tries to show that contrary to what is commonly assumed, grammar played an important role in his research program for a ‘science of antiquity’. Specifically, Wolf encouraged the study of philosophical grammar, which was the leading linguistic paradigm in Germany around 1800, and he developed an original theory of tense within this methodological framework. But philosophical grammar would appear obsolete soon after the establishment of historical-comparative linguistics and this, it is argued, is an important reason for the enmities in the first half of the 19th century between Indo-Europeanists and the Classical scholars who stayed within the old linguistic paradigm.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Comparative and Historical Linguistics'

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