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1
Huang, Yinxia. "On the Validity of Corpus for Contrastive Analysis: Focusing on Korean-Chinese Contrast Analysis." Korean Society of Bilingualism 82 (March 31, 2021): 259–86. https://doi.org/10.17296/korbil.2021..82.259.
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This study aims to analyze and verify the bilingual corpus used in the Korean-Chinese contrastive analysis. To this end, Chapter 2 describes the problems of the corpus construction and corpus used in contrastive linguistics. Chapter 3 analyzes the characteristics of the two kinds of the bilingual corpus - parallel corpus and comparative corpus used in Korean-Chinese contrastive analysis. In Chapter 4, in order to examine the validity of the parallel corpus used in the Korean-Chinese uni-direction contrastive study: the corpora used in five different studies on the Korean particle ‘e(에)’ and ‘eseo(에서)’ and their correspondences in Chinese were compared, and the results of the study were compared. As a result, the corpora used in these five papers were different, and the research results for the study subjects were different, which proved the effect of parallel corpus structure in contrastive studies. Furthermore, we conducted a replica study focusing on the comparative study of Korean-Chinese suffixes. Focusing on the large difference in corpus size between the Korean and Chinese sub-corpora of the comparative corpus, we resized the Korean sub-corpus and conducted a replica study on the suffix. As a result of increasing the Korean corpus size, it was confirmed that the study results on the Korean suffix significantly depend on the corpus size. In summary, it is vital to apply strict standards for representativeness, balance, and size in constructing parallel and comparative corpus in contrastive linguistics studies.
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Kostova, Boryana. "The potential of contrastive analysis in the study of discourse." Studies in Linguistics, Culture, and FLT 10, no. 2 (2022): 66–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.46687/yrol6006.
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The article focuses on contemporary trends in contrastive studies. As a point of departure the nature, history and evolution of contrastive linguistics are examined. Contrastive linguistics is viewed in relation to other disciplines such as comparative linguistics, comparative historical linguistics, linguistic typology, theory of translation, and foreign language teaching. Any aspect of language may be covered in cross-linguistic studies which involve a systematic comparison of two or more languages both at micro-linguistic and macro-linguistic level. The current trends are identified in terms of macro-linguistic widening of contrastive analysis which is applied in studies of specialized discourses such as media, political and academic communication. The findings are based on a small-scale research of contrastive studies published in Contrastive Linguistics, the oldest international journal for contrastive linguistics. By conducting quantitative and qualitative analysis and employing a diachronic approach conclusions are drawn about the need for the contrastive approach at macro-level, the type of linguistic phenomena studied and the preferred methods of contrastive analysis within a period of forty-six years. The findings show that there is only a slight increase in macro-linguistic analyses in recent years, but contrastive analysis remains a vibrant area of research with a potential for development at discourse level in particular and implications for intercultural understanding and tolerance.
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Jong-Bok Kim. "A Contrastive Analysis between English and Korean Comparative Constructions." English Language and Linguistics 16, no. 1 (2010): 137–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.17960/ell.2010.16.1.006.
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Granger, Sylviane. "Contrastive interlanguage analysis." International Journal of Learner Corpus Research 1, no. 1 (2015): 7–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ijlcr.1.1.01gra.
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Since its introduction in 1996, Contrastive Interlanguage Analysis (CIA) has become a highly popular method in Learner Corpus Research. Its comparative design has made it possible to uncover a wide range of features distinctive of learner language and assess their degree of generalizability across learner populations. At the same time, however, the method has drawn criticism on several fronts. The purpose of this article is threefold: to provide a brief overview of CIA research, to discuss the main criticisms the method has faced in recent years and to present a revised model, CIA², which makes the central role played by variation in interlanguage studies more explicit and is generally more in line with the current state of foreign language theory and practice.
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Dmitrijev, A. V., and E. S. Krupnova. "Comparative-Contrastive Analysis of Linguistic Resources for Corpus Analysis of Texts." Verba Northwest Linguistic Journal, no. 3 (2024): 24–35. https://doi.org/10.34680/verba-2024-3(13)-24-35.
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In the last few decades, a scientific field known as computational linguistics has been actively developing. The paper discusses the main task of corpus linguistics – corpus analysis of written natural-language texts with the help of linguistic resources that are used to solve it. Corpus analysis refers to a method of language research that utilizes large collections of texts or corpora to obtain statistical and linguistic data about the language. Linguistic resources such as dictionaries, thesauri, and grammatical databases greatly enhance the capability and accuracy of corpus analysis. In addition, corpus linguistics deals with the building of corpus managers that process texts, perform concordance, search for keywords and collocations, etc. The paper briefly describes the functionality of WMatrix, WordSmith, GATE, AntConc and Sketch Engine programs and makes a comparative-contrastive analysis of their characteristics. It is concluded that the programs differ in feature set, data saving parameters, input text format and accessibility. In addition, directions for their use in research and practice are suggested. Linguistic resources can be useful for stylistic analysis of texts, studying linguistic features of author's style, teaching a foreign language, for example, grammar or vocabulary, in computer lexicography, discourse analysis and other directions. The example of the corpus analysis of the topic famine during the blockade of Leningrad with the help of the AntConc program is given. In the course of the mentioned research, 749 fragments of memories of Leningrad citizens were collected on the basis of 15 frequency words and a frequency dictionary of 158 words was compiled. Considered tools not only increase the accuracy of analysis, but also expand the possibilities and integrate into software tools for automation of corpus analysis. The choice of the appropriate tool for the study depends on the scope and depth of text analysis.
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Ivanova, Elena. "Contrastive Analysis of Bulgarian and Russian Syntax Peculiarities." Slovene 9, no. 1 (2019): 554–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/2305-6754.2019.8.1.22.
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[Rev. of: Gradinarova Alla A., Essays on the Comparative Syntax of Bulgarian and Russian, Sofia: Iztok-Zapad, 2017, 500 pp.] This article presents a review of the book by a major Bulgarian researcher of Russian, professor of Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski” Alla Gradinarova, whose scholarly interests focus mainly on the contrastive syntax of Bulgarian and Russian. In the new monograph, the author concentrates largely on the points of divergence in these languages stemming from their typological differences: passive voice and syntactic impersonality, word order, communicatively marked phrasal templates, various types of multi-clause structures ranging from verbal adverb phrases to complex and asyndetic sentences, etc. The contrastive analysis of the language data helps to reveal significant characteristics of the studied phenomena. This allows the use of the obtained results and data not only in typology and contrastive linguistics, but also in the study of the Russian language, as the approach of the author in her studies is based on a profound analysis of Russian data. The book constitutes a major contribution to studies in contrastive syntax of Slavic languages.
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Grigorieva, Liubov N. "CONTRASTIVE TEXT ANALYSIS: POSSIBILITIES AND PROSPECTS." German Philology at the St Petersburg State University 14 (2024): 378–95. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu33.2024.120.
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This article deals with a set of problems related to the linguistic analysis of text. In particular, it discusses the criteria of such analysis, the texts that are the object of such analysis (recently, non-fiction texts have been increasingly used as such), its practical application, and the target groups for which it is intended. While the analysis of a text on the material of one language is quite well developed, the comparative description of texts on the material of different languages is insufficiently studied, which determines the relevance of this study. The model of contrastive analysis of media texts in Russian and English was first proposed by A.D. Schweitzer. The article raises the question to what extent this model can be used for the comparative study of texts of other functional affiliation. But the functional homogeneity of the text cannot ensure the accuracy and quality of the comparison, so it is necessary to limit the object of analysis more specifically, defining its status as a specific type of text. For this purpose, it is necessary to make some clarifications to the existing ideas about the so-called utilitarian, consumer or special texts, which have not yet received an unambiguous interpretation. In addition to Schweitzer’s model for analysis texts, other variants have also been developed in linguistics, focused mainly on scientific texts (J. Gennet, E.M. Krizhanovskaya, V.E. Chernyavskaya, S.T. Nefedov). Although these models were not originally designed for comparative analysis, they may well be used for this purpose. In conclusion, the author’s model of contrastive analysis of consumer texts is presented and the possibilities of its practical application are highlighted.
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Trihardini, Ayu. "Contrastive Analysis of Chinese and Indonesian Nominal Sentences." Lingua Cultura 16, no. 1 (2022): 117–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.21512/lc.v16i1.7770.
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The comparative study aimed to describe the characteristics of Chinese and Indonesian nominal sentences. The research contributed to teaching Chinese as a second language and the field of translation as well. Chinese was being studied all over the world, and Indonesia was no exception. Nevertheless, contrastive analysis between Chinese and Indonesian in the field of syntax were still limited. Nominal sentences are one of the classifications of sentences based on the predicate form. Accordingly, Chinese and Indonesian nominal sentences have similar definitions but differed in the words or phrases that form the predicate. The data in the contrastive analysis study were Chinese and Indonesian nominal sentences from short stories, novels, other literary works, and examples of related grammatical works. The data were analyzed using the James procedure and the contrastive analysis method with four steps described by Di Pietro. The finding of the contrastive analysis indicates that in both languages, nominal sentence usage is limited under certain conditions; some Chinese nominal sentences will become verb sentences when translated into Indonesian. Also, Chinese and Indonesian nominal sentences differ in their negative forms. The error analysis indicates that Indonesian students still lack knowledge of Chinese nominal sentences and characteristics.
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König, Ekkehard. "Contrastive linguistics and language comparison." Languages in Contrast 12, no. 1 (2012): 3–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lic.12.1.02kon.
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After receiving enthusiastic support during the 1960s and 1970s, the program of ‘Contrastive linguistics’ led a somewhat modest, if not marginal, existence during the two subsequent decades. The main reason for the apparent failure of this program was, of course, that the high hopes seen in its potential for making foreign language teaching more efficient were disappointed. Empirical work on the process of L2-acquisition from different native languages as starting points showed that contrastive linguistics cannot simply be equated with a theory of foreign language acquisition. A second problem was that a central aspect of the contrastive program, i.e. the writing of comprehensive contrastive grammars for language pairs, was hardly ever properly implemented. Finally, there was the problem of finding a place for contrastive linguistics within the spectrum of language comparison, relative to other comparative approaches to linguistic analysis. It is the third of these issues that is addressed by the present article. It will be shown that only by relating contrastive linguistics to other subfields of comparative linguistics and by delimiting it from them will we obtain a clear picture of its agenda, its potential and its limits.
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Shubina, Anna Olegovna. "ETYMOLOGICAL, CONTRASTIVE AND COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE BORROWED LINGUISTIC CONCEPTS." Philological Sciences. Issues of Theory and Practice, no. 3-2 (March 2018): 385–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.30853/filnauki.2018-3-2.42.
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Koz'ko, Natal'ya Aleksandrovna, and Ekaterina Valer'evna Tulina. "COMPARATIVE-CONTRASTIVE ANALYSIS OF LEXICOGRAPHICAL SOURCES INCLUDING CREOLIZED LEXICOGRAPHICAL ENTRIES." Philological Sciences. Issues of Theory and Practice, no. 5-2 (May 2018): 331–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.30853/filnauki.2018-5-2.26.
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Daneshgar, Majid. "Theological Approaches to Qur'anic Exegesis: A Practical Comparative-Contrastive Analysis." Islam and Christian–Muslim Relations 24, no. 4 (2013): 519–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09596410.2013.816003.
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Widyastuti, Ima, and Aura Victoria Noersadono. "Integrating Contrastive Analysis into Classroom in English as Foreign Language Context." Tamansiswa International Journal in Education and Science 3, no. 2 (2022): 74–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.30738/tijes.v3i2.12274.
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In English as Foreign Language (EFL) countries, learners mostly gain their English knowledge in the classroom and in the limited time. Without strong intrinsic motivation of acquiring English, it would be hard for the learners to reach the language acquisition. Historically, second language acquisition was begun from the contrastive analysis in which the learners compare their first and the second language. Though the study is quite old, however, it is still useful for the truly beginners especially in EFL context. The current conceptual study aims to view the contractive analysis applied in EFL classroom. The implementation of the contrastive analysis in Indonesia cannot be separated from the students’ characteristics, classroom environment, and length of input. The comparative analysis on the sentence types and the Subject – verb agreements underpinned the further analysis on the contrastive analysis between Bahasa and English.
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CIAMA, Adriana. "Ptg. então e rom. atunci: contributo para uma análise contrastiva." Studia Universitatis Babeș-Bolyai Philologia 68, no. 4 (2023): 33–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/subbphilo.2023.4.02.
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"Ptg. então and Rom. atunci: contribution to a contrastive analysis. Our study aims to present a comparative analysis of the discourse markers Ptg. então and Rom. atunci, based on a literary corpus constituted by the novel Blindness by José Saramago and its translation into Romanian. We discuss the values that the two discourse markers have developed over time, from temporal values to argumentative, pragmatic and discursive ones. The comparative analysis highlights convergences and divergences of the two discourse markers, especially in terms of temporal values (more frequent in Romanian) and pragmatic ones (more developed in Portuguese). In fact, translating discourse markers – which are characterized by polysemy, polyfunctionality, ambiguity and context dependence – is a real challenge for any translator. Keywords: discourse markers, Ptg. então, Rom. atunci, contrastive perspective."
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Hovhannisyan, Anahit. "Contrastive Study of the Conjunction ‘and’ in English and Armenian." Translation Studies: Theory and Practice 1, no. 1 (2021): 19–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.46991/tstp/2021.1.1.28.
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In linguistics the structuring role of conjunctions is emphasized, whereas its pragmatic and contrastive study is often foregrounded. Conjunction may be prerequisite for contrastive study.
 The present research is mainly aimed at establishing semantic – functional characteristics of the conjunction “and”, as well as identifying its equivalents in Armenian translation. In other words only one translation direction is investigated, namely English to Armenian. The merit of this research lies in the fact that the study of conjunction from contrastive perspective reveals structural similarities and dissimilarities of the source language and the target language.
 Contrastive study can be used to get new insights into syntax and the findings of this analysis can prove to be useful in such fields as comparative grammar, pragmatics, second-language teaching, etc.
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Inkova, Olga. "ON THE CONTRASTIVE METHOD IN LINGUISTIC STUDIES." Lomonosov Journal of Philology, no. 6 (March 19, 2023): 17–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.55959/msu0130-0075-9-2022-6-17-31.
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The article specifies the place of contrastive linguistics in linguistic research, how it is different from the other linguistic disciplines based on language comparison: comparative-historical linguistics, translation studies and typology. In particular, the author comments on one of the main concepts of contrastive linguistics formulated by A.A. Reformatsky: when comparing facts of language, one must study those descriptive categories in which these facts are presented in each of the languages. Using a number of examples of Russian (conjunctions a to, prichem and the preposition krome), the author shows that comparing languages can lead to a revision of the categorial apparatus in a particular grammar area of one of them. This becomes possible due to the development of new contrastive analysis methods, for instance, unidirectional and bidirectional analysis. Thus, contrastive linguistics can solve not only practical problems, mostly related to foreign languages teaching, but also contribute to theoretical language description.
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Hassan, Dr. Mohammad Kamrul, and Zawad Rami. "Exploring Nuances in Second Language Acquisition: An Error Analysis Perspective." Migration Letters 21, no. 4 (2024): 294–98. https://doi.org/10.59670/ml.v21i4.7319.
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<em>This study employs error analysis as a pivotal lens to scrutinize the intricacies of second language learning, emphasizing the unique accents manifested through learners’ mistakes. Departing from the confines of contrastive analysis, the research aims to illuminate the processes of acquiring a second language. Key facets of language acquisition, including transfer, interference, and the fossilization process, are investigated to provide insights into the development of learners’ interlanguage. The study conducts a comparative analysis of early and late language learning, emphasizing the impact of cognitive, psychological, and social factors on the learning trajectory. Motivational influences, encompassing instrumental and integrative motives, are explored in connection to their effects on learning outcomes. This research not only contributes to a deeper understanding of error patterns in second language acquisition but also advocates for methodologies that surpass the constraints of contrastive analysis, offering potential avenues for more effective language learning strategies.</em>
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Alimpieva, Larisa. "RESULTS OF CONTRASTIVE ANALYSIS OF RUSSIAN AND KYRGYZ PARTICLES." Alatoo Academic Studies 20, no. 1 (2020): 134–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.17015/aas.2020.201.17.
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Russian particles due to their differential grammatical, structural and semantic features, with diversity of communicative and pragmatic settings, which they fulfil in the processof a communicative act and producing an utterance, require a comparative analysis with corresponding particles of the Kyrgyz language. The aim of this article is to conduct a contrastive analysis of Russian and Kyrgyz particles in order to establish distinctive features between them. The results of the research will be applied at further development of theoretical problems of bilingual lexicography.
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Josijević, Jelena M., and Sanja S. Markeljić. "ZERO-DEGREE INTENSIFIERS WITH SERBIAN AND ENGLISH COMPARATIVES." Lipar XXIV, no. 81 (2023): 137–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/lipar81.137j.
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While degree intensifiers marking minimum comparative degrees have been an inevitable topic in both grammatical and linguistic literature, the possibilities of using adverbs to signify the zero value appear to have been systematically avoided. This gap in the current literature served as a main motivation for this analysis. The paper aims at identifying and analyzing intensifiers used with comparatives by focusing solely on the adverbial lexemes which are used to signify the zero-degree, i.e. to cancel or nullify a comparative degree. The independent corpus analyses were conducted on annotated electronic corpora: Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA) and Korpus savremenog srpskog jezika (KSSJ). Englesko-srpski parelelni korpus (ESPK 2012) is used for demonstrating the observed similarities and differences. Based on the criteria introduced by Đorđević (2004), the contrastive analysis conducted here can be classified as an independent, theoretical, structural, and descriptive contrastive study. The findings prove that the lexical repertoires of both languages include adverbial devices used with comparatives which allevate comparative degree to the zero value. In addition, we can make a differentiation between two lexico-semantic sub-categories of such lexical devices: those signifying the absolute zero value and those marking the borderline, i.e. limitary values.
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Uktamovna, Khusenova Mekhriniso. "COMPARATIVE TYPOLOGY OF THE ENGLISH AND UZBEK LANGUAGES." International Journal Of Literature And Languages 03, no. 06 (2023): 44–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/ijll/volume03issue06-08.
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Comparative linguistics, or comparative-historical linguistics (formerly comparative philology ) is a branch of historical linguistics that is concerned with comparing languages to establish their historical relatedness. This article focuses on the comparative typology of English, Uzbek and discusses the formation of comparative typology as a science, its methods of analysis, and the relations it with other linguistic subjects. Key words-comparative typology, confrontative linguistics, contrastive linguistics, linguistic characterology, comparativists, notions of a type of a language and a type in a language, linguistic universals, recessives and uncials
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Schröter, Melani, and Marie Veniard. "Contrastive analysis of keywords in discourses." International Journal of Language and Culture 3, no. 1 (2016): 1–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ijolc.3.1.01sch.
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This article suggests a theoretical and methodological framework for a systematic contrastive discourse analysis across languages and discourse communities through keywords. This constitutes a lexical approach to discourse analysis which is considered to be particularly fruitful for comparative analysis. We use a corpus-assisted methodology, presuming meaning to be constituted, revealed, and constrained by collocation environment. We compare the use of the keywords intégration/Integration in French and German public discourses about migration on the basis of newspaper corpora built from two French and German newspapers from 1998 to 2011. We look at the frequency of these keywords over the given time span, group collocates into thematic categories, and discuss indicators of discursive salience by comparing the development of collocation profiles over time in both corpora as well as the occurrence of neologisms and compounds based on intégration/Integration.
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Fedyuchenko, Larisa G., та Ekaterina V. Vinogradova. "Comparative-and-Contrastive Categoriсal Analysis of the Terminology Systems ‘Судостроение’ and ‘Shipbuilding’". Вестник Пермского университета. Российская и зарубежная филология 16, № 2 (2024): 60–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.17072/2073-6681-2024-2-60-68.
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The article presents the results of a comparative analysis of the categories derived by the authors in the terminology systems ‘Судостроение’ and ‘Shipbuilding’. These terminology systems are historically established vocabulary strata in the corresponding languages and, at the same time, they are actively developing. During crosslingual professional communication, there arises an acute problem of inconsistency between terminology systems of the same subject area existing in different languages. It is often difficult to select an equivalent term while translating in shipbuilding area from English into Russian and vice versa or during international communication between naval engineers and shipbuilders. This problem requires a comprehensive linguistic analysis to be solved. The novelty of the study resides in the fact that terminological asymmetry is revealed by means of comparative-and-contrastive analysis, through which the phenomenon of the asymmetry of the terminology systems ‘Судостроение’ and ‘Shipbuilding’ is described as a complex issue. The methods used during the research include the following: definition analysis, categorical analysis, context analysis, quantitative analysis, logical- and-conceptual analysis, comparative-and-contrastive analysis. The study was conducted in five stages, starting with the selection of material, i. e., Russian and English shipbuilding terms, and the collection of statistical data for quantitative analysis, then proceeding to the categorical analysis of the collected material (at the third and fourth stages) and finally concluding with a comparative analysis of the categories and with the description of the identified terminological asymmetry. The structure of the terminology systems ‘Судостроение’ and ‘Shipbuilding’ revealed significant similarity, but the final stage of the study found discrepancies at a lower hierarchical level of categorization of the considered terminology systems.
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Yin, Pei, Wen-long Jiang, Zi-jie Ma, and Li-ke Zhang. "Cryptocurrency Transaction Fraud Detection Based on Imbalanced Classification With Interpretable Analysis." International Journal of Intelligent Information Technologies 20, no. 1 (2024): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijiit.357696.
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This study introduces an interpretable imbalanced data classification method for detecting cryptocurrency transaction fraud. We address data imbalance using SMOTE oversampling and data augmentation through contrastive learning. Next, we introduce a Transformer-based deep learning model that learns sample relevance. The model undergoes pre-training with a contrastive loss and fine-tuning through Bayesian optimization to effectively extract high-dimensional, higher-order, and fraud-related features. We employ a SHAP-based interpreter along with attention scores to elucidate the role of various transaction features in fraud detection. Comparative results demonstrate the model's remarkable recall performance in identifying cryptocurrency transaction fraud. Furthermore, it achieves an excellent F1 value, striking a balance between accuracy and recall. This research not only enriches financial fraud detection but also enhances cryptocurrency transaction security, promotes market development, and contributes to economic stability and social security.
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Afaunova, Andzhela Anatol’evna. "COMPARATIVE-CONTRASTIVE ANALYSIS OF INTERJECTIONS IN THE RUSSIAN AND KABARDINO-CIRCASSIAN LANGUAGES." Philological Sciences. Issues of Theory and Practice, no. 8 (August 2019): 232–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.30853/filnauki.2019.8.45.
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Liu, Yuanyuan, and Qianqian Liu. "Research on Self-Supervised Comparative Learning for Computer Vision." Journal of Electronic Research and Application 5, no. 3 (2021): 5–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.26689/jera.v5i3.2320.
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In recent years, self-supervised learning which does not require a large number of manual labels generate supervised signals through the data itself to attain the characterization learning of samples. Self-supervised learning solves the problem of learning semantic features from unlabeled data, and realizes pre-training of models in large data sets. Its significant advantages have been extensively studied by scholars in recent years. There are usually three types of self-supervised learning: “Generative, Contrastive, and Generative-Contrastive.” The model of the comparative learning method is relatively simple, and the performance of the current downstream task is comparable to that of the supervised learning method. Therefore, we propose a conceptual analysis framework: data augmentation pipeline, architectures, pretext tasks, comparison methods, semi-supervised fine-tuning. Based on this conceptual framework, we qualitatively analyze the existing comparative self-supervised learning methods for computer vision, and then further analyze its performance at different stages, and finally summarize the research status of self-supervised comparative learning methods in other fields.
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Hassan, Dr Mohammad Kamrul, and Zawad Rami. "Exploring Nuances in Second Language Acquisition: An Error Analysis Perspective." Migration Letters 21, no. 4 (2024): 294–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.59670/ml.v21i4.7319.
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This study employs error analysis as a pivotal lens to scrutinize the intricacies of second language learning, emphasizing the unique accents manifested through learners’ mistakes. Departing from the confines of contrastive analysis, the research aims to illuminate the processes of acquiring a second language. Key facets of language acquisition, including transfer, interference, and the fossilization process, are investigated to provide insights into the development of learners’ interlanguage. The study conducts a comparative analysis of early and late language learning, emphasizing the impact of cognitive, psychological, and social factors on the learning trajectory. Motivational influences, encompassing instrumental and integrative motives, are explored in connection to their effects on learning outcomes. This research not only contributes to a deeper understanding of error patterns in second language acquisition but also advocates for methodologies that surpass the constraints of contrastive analysis, offering potential avenues for more effective language learning strategies.
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De Gioia, Michele. "Adverbes figés en contraste." Lingvisticæ Investigationes. International Journal of Linguistics and Language Resources 24, no. 2 (2001): 183–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/li.24.2.04deg.
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Summary A comparison of frozen adverbs : PDETC forms in French and in Italian A contrastive analysis is made of some frozen adverbs in French and Italian having the following structure : [N0 V] Prep Det C =: [Max agit] dans la coulisse ([Max agisce] dietro le quinte) The syntactically classified samples were taken from three corpora : the lexicon-grammar of French frozen adverbs (M. Gross 1990a), the lexicon-grammar of Italian frozen adverbs (De Gioia 2001), and the comparative lexicon-grammar of French and Italian frozen adverbs (De Gioia 1995). The analysis focuses on the syntactic functioning of the PDETC adverbs and on their constituent structure in the two languages. Furthermore, since comparative lexicon-grammar enables comparison at a number of levels, the French PDETC adverbs were contrasted with their semantic equivalents in Italian, which are not only PDETC. This allowed a discussion of various types of correspondence. The results of the analysis constitute a useful basis for further contrastive studies and for translation.
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Santoso, Teguh, and Sulhiyah Sulhiyah. "The Past Forms of Japanese Futsuugo and Javanese Ngoko Lugu: Contrastive Analysis in Sociolinguistics." IZUMI 9, no. 2 (2020): 137–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/izumi.9.2.137-146.
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This paper is based on studying the differences and similarities in the form, structure, and usage of past sentences futsuugo-ngoko lugu in Japanese and Javanese. The study combines a qualitative and sociolinguistically informed comparative method. The data were taken from different sources, namely Shin Suikodenand Jin (a Japanese novel and play respectively), Ketoprak Wiswakarman (a traditional Javanese play), and Panjebar Semangat (a Javanese magazine), and were then analyzed from a contrastive linguistic perspective. Theories on Japanese and Javanese descriptive sentences, namely those of Ishii,[1] Masuoka,[2] Poedjosoedarmo,[3] Sasangka,[4] and Wedhawati,[5] were used. Besides, Djadjasudarma and Citraresmana [6] descriptive-qualitative method, Sanada’s,[7] concept of Sociolinguistics, as well as Tarigan’s,[8] Ishiwata and Takahashi’s,[9] theories of contrastive linguistics were also consulted. The study aimed to describe the differences and similarities in the forms, structures, and usage of past sentences futsuugo-ngoko lugu in Japanese and Javanese based on the dialogues' data. The study concludes that the addressers and addressees' speech levels in the Japanese conversations are those of futsuugo and ngoko lugu, which are comparable in the Javanese.
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Silvennoinen, Olli O. "From constructions to functions and back: Contrastive negation in English and Finnish." Folia Linguistica 54, no. 1 (2020): 45–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/flin-2020-2027.
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AbstractThis is a comparative investigation of contrastive negation in English and Finnish, i. e. combinations of a negated and an affirmed part construed as alternatives to one another. In both languages, there are several constructions that express contrastive negation, but their division of labour remains unclear. The aims of the paper are two-fold: first, to see what constructional strategies are available for contrastive negation in the two languages and, second, to see how the strategies are motivated by its interactional functions. In English, contrastive negation may be expressed by using the adversative conjunction but correctively (e. g. It’s not the bikers but the other vehicle on the road), whereas standard Finnish has a specialised corrective conjunction vaan alongside the adversative mutta. Moreover, many constructions can express contrastive negation, including ones without a conjunction (e. g. It’s not the bikers, it’s the other vehicle on the road). An analysis of conversational data shows that English favours constructions without conjunctions, while in Finnish constructions both with and without conjunctions are frequent. The uses of contrastive negation are divided into reactive and non-reactive. The pragmatic functions largely explain the usage patterns, and these in turn can explain the cross-linguistic regularities of corrective conjunctions.
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Begmatov, Anvar, and Nafisa Axmatilloyevna Ibadova. "LEXICAL AND GRAMMATICAL ANALYSIS OF UZBEK AND ENGLISH PROVERBS." SCHOLAR 1, no. 14 (2023): 12–16. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7992654.
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<em>Idiomatic idioms, proverbs, and sayings have a strong connection to the history and culture of a particular country. They are therefore not well understood by other countries. This is one of the reasons why some academics argue that certain lexical terms cannot be translated; nevertheless, other writers have suggested several translation approaches to address this issue. This article specifically analyzes this issue. Comparative, contrastive, and content analyses were all used in this study.</em>
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Kozan, O. "Starting Point on the Roadmap of the Intercultural Communication Competence (Case of Turkish-Russian Language Pair)." Review of Business and Economics Studies 11, no. 1 (2023): 51–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.26794/2308-944x-2023-11-1-51-57.
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In spite of the widespread use of the concept of “intercultural communication competence” in theoretical and empirical studies, there are problems with the development of this competence in real-time teaching process within local contexts. This research aims to analyze the situation regarding the development of intercultural communicative competence in the learning process in the context of Turkey and to evaluate the approach used as a starting point for developing linguistic and cultural awareness among the students of the Russian language and literature department in Ankara Haci Bayram Veli University. As part of the study, the author used the methods of deductive analysis, the analysis of the current state of the problem as well as the onomasiological and contrastive analysis. The author analyses the results of testing, based on the ideas of contrastive onomasiology and presented in a learning book for the Translation Course. The results show that a comparative analysis of the reality - language interaction models based on concepts such as “situation”, “perspective” and “reframing” helps develop the awareness of the students towards the different “thought patterns”. The main conclusion of this paper is the thesis that contrastive onomasiology contributes to the development of linguistic and cultural awareness, which is the first step towards intercultural communicative competence.
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Frantceva, Alesia I. "Fragmentary Russian-Czech-English lacunarity of the lexeme Tower on the material of dictionaries." Bohemistyka, no. 1 (May 8, 2019): 71–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/bo.2019.1.5.
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In this article we consider the method of contrastive analysis of башня (tower in Russian) lexeme, where the Russian language will be the source language, and the Czech and English languages will be the languages of comparison. In the study we will describe the comparison of the data of etymological dictionaries in three languages.The aim of this comparative analysis is discovering similarities and differences in the sub-systems of three languages.The central concept of contrastive linguistics is the notion of interlingual correspondences – units of different languages having similarities in composition of semes. Formally, there are three types of correspondences: linear correspondences, vector correspondences, lacunae. In this article we will consider one of them – fragmentary lacunarity.
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Pantazara, Mavina, Eleni Tziafa, and Angeliki Christopoulou. "En termes de travail: terminologie comparée grec-français à partir d’un corpus de l’administration publique." Studia Romanica Posnaniensia 49, no. 4 (2023): 103–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/strop.2022.494.007.
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This article presents a comparative study of French and Greek administrative language, as it is used by public administration institutions in their internal communication as well as in their external communi- cation with the citizens. In the present study, we employ a corpus-based contrastive approach, by using bilingual comparable corpora in the subject field of “employment”. First, we present our method concerning the compilation of the comparable corpora and the digital tools used for their processing analysis; and then, we proceed with the analysis of the textual data from a contrastive perspective. We aim to highlight the morphosyntactic, semantic, and pragmatic aspects that characterize the terms studied across the two languages.
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Thuy, Truong Thi, Le Vien Lan Huong, Hoang Tuyet Minh, and Dang Nguyen Giang. "Comparative Contents of Idioms with Comparisons in English and Vietnamese from a Cognitive View: A Contrastive Analysis." World Journal of English Language 15, no. 7 (2025): 146. https://doi.org/10.5430/wjel.v15n7p146.
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Idioms with comparisons are common in both English and Vietnamese. These idioms are formed by three component parts, namely comparative contents, comparative connectors, and comparative conventional images (Giang, 2023). This article uncovers the comparative contents of idioms with comparisons in English and Vietnamese in the light of cognitive linguistics through idiom analysability (Langlotz, 2006). This contrastive analysis presents the similarities and differences between English and Vietnamese idioms with comparisons in terms of their comparative contents, including closed comparative contents and open comparative contents. A manual search of Giang's (2018) idiom collection helped to establish a corpus of 672 English and 731 Vietnamese idioms with comparisons, which served as the data for the research. The results of this study show that the most significant difference between English and Vietnamese idioms with comparisons lies in the distribution of categories of comparative contents. The closed comparative contents of idioms with comparisons in Vietnamese are more prevalent than those in English, and vice versa for open comparative contents. The average proportion of closed comparative contents through idioms with comparisons in English is slightly higher than that of those in Vietnamese. The open comparative contents can be possibly and impossibly explicit; however, the possibly explicit open comparative contents of idioms with comparisons are unique in Vietnamese.
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Қалдыбайқызы, Nazgul. "Exploring the Cognitive-Semantic Dimensions of Gender-Specific Idioms." Eurasian Science Review An International peer-reviewed multidisciplinary journal 2, no. 2 (2024): 168–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.63034/esr-59.
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Presently, anthropocentric research is undergoing rapid advancement, a trend underpinned by the substantial role that human-centric studies occupy within the scientific discourse. This article delves into the genesis and framework of gender linguistics, examining the coalescence of gender alongside the male and female paradigms, as well as the socio-cultural characteristics and methodologies inherent in gender research. The discourse extends to elucidate methodologies for fostering a gender-focused approach, encompassing areas such as comparative and contrastive gender linguistics, gender paralinguistics, gender lexicography, and the interplay between gender dynamics and language acquisition. Methodologically, the study leverages approaches like descriptive analysis, lexicon definition scrutiny, gender-centric analysis, conceptual examination, and comparative-contrastive techniques. The research scrutinizes phraseologies pertinent to 'male' and 'female', undertaking a thorough gender and conceptual analysis, with a special focus on the cognitive-semantic exploration of gender idioms. The foundational elements of this article are anchored in the scholarly works of both national and international academics pertinent to the subject, encompassing gender terminologies, social linguistics lexicons, phraseological dictionaries, literary sources, and mass media content.
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Elyasi, Faramarz. "A Comparative and Contrastive Analysis of the Emerson Philosophical Essays and Ghaani's Distress." International Journal of English Literature and Social Sciences 7, no. 3 (2022): 006–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijels.73.2.
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In this study, Mirza Habibollah Shirazi’s (Ghaani) Distress was compared with Ralph Waldo Emerson’s two philosophical essays “Nature” and “Self-Reliance” in light of philosophical and moral views. The study aimed at comparison of these two contemporaneous poets and writers to trace the similarity, differences and source of their teachings, because the rearcher assumed the two thinkers have many ideas in common. To perform the study, the main ideas in the selected works of the two poets were analyzed in length and then their works were compared and contrasted. Results of the analysis indicated that In Emerson’s “Nature,” God is present in nature and man is not separable from metaphysical order. “Self-Reliance” emphasized non-conformity and dependence of the individual self. Ghanni’s Distress was described as a window to Eastern metaphysics that specified didactic implications. Emerson uses a general idea of philosophy of nature’s utility and then focuses on deductive reasoning. In addition, Emerson philosophy of transcendental and metaphysical philosophy represents perception of nature and self in an independent philosophy and strengthened diverse education of Eastern philosophy and poetry. Ghaani is merely advocator of Sa’di’s style and educational teachings.
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van Bergen, Geertje, and Lotte Hogeweg. "Managing interpersonal discourse expectations: a comparative analysis of contrastive discourse particles in Dutch." Linguistics 59, no. 2 (2021): 333–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ling-2021-0020.
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AbstractIn this article we investigate how speakers manage discourse expectations in dialogue by comparing the meaning and use of three Dutch discourse particles, i.e.wel,tochandeigenlijk,which all express a contrast between their host utterance and a discourse-based expectation.The core meanings oftoch, welandeigenlijkare formally distinguished on the basis of two intersubjective parameters: (i) whether the particle marks alignment or misalignment between speaker and addressee discourse beliefs, and (ii) whether the particle requires an assessment of the addressee’s representation of mutual discourse beliefs. By means of a quantitative corpus study, we investigate to what extent the intersubjective meaning distinctions betweenwel,tochandeigenlijkare reflected in statistical usage patterns across different social situations. Results suggest thatwel,tochandeigenlijkare lexicalizations of distinct generalized politeness strategies when expressing contrast in social interaction. Our findings call for an interdisciplinary approach to discourse particles in order to enhance our understanding of their functions in language.
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Čorboloković, Saša, and Valentina Gavranović. "A comparative-contrastive analysis of punctuation use (and spelling) in Serbian and English." Zbornik radova Filozofskog fakulteta u Pristini 54, no. 1 (2024): 67–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/zrffp54-42777.
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The paper investigates punctuation rules and their application in Serbian and English, focusing on the examples that comply with different normative solutions in the two languages. The main goal of the research is to compare and contrast the results obtained from a survey done by a group of seventh-grade primary school students. The paper aims to determine how well the respondents apply punctuation rules in Serbian and English, to examine whether there is interference in the application of rules, and to investigate to what extent the detected errors illustrate the tendency of spreading pseudo-norms that violate the orthography of both languages. The results show that the respondents use punctuation marks with more precision in Serbian than in English. The percentage of incorrect answers to each question and the types of errors indicate interference and the creation of hybrid forms that are incorrect in both languages, which represent the creation of pseudo-norms. Furthermore, the results show a greater influence of the application of the rules adopted in the Serbian language on the English language, which can be interpreted by the bigger number of Serbian classes and clearly stated topics within the syllabus of the Serbian language course.
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SASU, Laura. "COMPARATIVE-CONTRASTIVE ANALYSIS OF EXPRESSING FACTUALITY AND NON-FACTUALITY IN ROMANIAN AND ENGLISH." Research and Science Today 26, no. 2 (2023): 129–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.38173/rst.2023.26.2.13:129-141.
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Yousra, Rouchdi. "COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE ARABIC AND ROMANIAN PHONETIC SYSTEMS: A CONTRASTIVE GRAMMAR APPROACH." Studii de gramatică contrastivă, no. 42 (December 20, 2024): 151–59. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14512332.
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<em>This paper presents an ongoing study that examines the phonetic systems of Arabic and Romanian using a contrastive grammar approach, which is a branch of applied linguistics that compares the grammatical structures of two languages. The focus of the research is on auditory phonetics, particularly how the phonetic differences between Arabic and Romanian affect the learning process for speakers of Romanian who are acquiring Arabic as a second language. This study employs a qualitative case study method, involving Romanian learners of Arabic who have no prior exposure to the language. The objective is to assess their perceptual challenges in distinguishing Arabic phonemes, which are often quite distinct from those in Romanian. By analysing the specific phonetic obstacles faced by these learners, the research aims to provide insights into the unique difficulties associated with learning Arabic phonetics for Romanian speakers. The findings reveal that Romanian learners struggle with certain Arabic phonemes that do not have direct equivalents in Romanian, such as emphatic consonants and sounds produced in the pharyngeal and uvular regions of the vocal tract. These difficulties are attributed to the lack of similar sounds in Romanian, leading to challenges in both perception and production of Arabic phonemes. This study’s implications are significant for language pedagogy, suggesting that targeted phonetic training and increased exposure to the unique sounds of Arabic can help mitigate these perceptual challenges. Ultimately, this research contributed to a deeper understanding of the phonetic hurdles in learning Arabic as a second language. </em>
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Stanojević Veselinović, Marija. "KONTRASTIVNA ANALIZA KOMPARATIVNIH FRAZEOLOGIZAMA U SRPSKOM I NEMAČKOM JEZIKU ZA LEKSIČKO POLjE „BOGATSTVO“." Узданица XIX, no. 2 (2022): 21–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/uzdanica19.2.021sv.
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The paper deals with the analysis of comparative similes at the lexical, morphosyntactic and semantic level that operate within the concept of wealth. The corpus was extracted from phraseological dictionaries of the Serbian and German languages on the basis of semantic and structural criteria, which was confirmed by contextualized examples from the language of the written media. After a detailed analysis of the components of similes with a special focus on their semantics and with intercultural explanations, a contrastive analysis identified different types of equivalence for similes in Serbian as a source language and in German as a target language. Contrastive analysis was conducted in one direction. The importance of the paper is reflected in the theoretical analysis and definition of similes, as well as in its applicability in the field of lexicography and language teaching.
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Cho, Junmo, and Hae-Kyeong Park. "A Comparative Analysis of Korean-English Phonological Structures and Processes for Pronunciation Pedagogy in Interpretation Training." Meta 51, no. 2 (2006): 229–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/013253ar.
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Abstract This paper discusses the rationale for providing pronunciation training in B language to students of interpretation working into B. It also provides a thorough comparative analysis of Korean-English phonological structures and processes followed by pedagogical suggestions for instructors of interpretation. This study concludes that with the proper knowledge on the contrastive analyses of phonetic/phonological structures and processes and with proper instruction and practice, Korean students of interpretation will acquire better speech delivery and interpretation quality into English.
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Tymoshchuk, Nataliia. "PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS WITH THE ORNITHONYM COMPONENT: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS." Scientific Journal of Polonia University 53, no. 4 (2022): 158–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.23856/5318.
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The research paper is devoted to the study and comparative analysis of the English and Ukrainian phraseological units with the ornithonym component, revealing their linguistic, cultural and pragmatic peculiarities. The empiric material of the research includes English and Ukrainian phraseological units selected by continuous sampling from phraseological, explanatory, and bilingual dictionaries. The sample size is 601 phraseological units. Analyzing Ukrainian and English phraseological units with an ornithonym component, it can be seen that the names of birds are more often used to denote positive concepts. In both linguistic cultures, the imagery of the stork, chicken, and cock components completely coincide. Most phraseological units were formed on the basis of objective observations of domestic and wild birds. However, extralinguistic factors such as fairy tales, holidays, geography, and gastronomic traditions were singled out. The research material can be used in further research on comparative, contrastive phraseology of English, Ukrainian and other languages.
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Huyen, Nguyen Thanh. "Contrastive Analysis of Consonants in English and Vietnamese." Journal of English Language Teaching and Applied Linguistics 3, no. 6 (2021): 58–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/jeltal.2021.3.6.8.
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Language is an intensely indispensable tool. It has tremendous functions in communication. One is communicating and conveying messages, thoughts and ideas, feelings, insights, and mental treasures and values of a communicative society. Also, it enhances and strengthens fellowships, companionships, relationships and economic and cultural cooperation. However, language is very indistinct, unclear and confusing. This contrastive linguistics analysis will compare the consonants between English and Vietnamese. Thus, the author synthesizes stored information from various sources to compare differences in consonants between English and Vietnamese in comparative points. Then, some implications and discussion would be drawn for teaching English pronunciation, aiming at helping English learners pronounce like native speakers. The findings show that there are significant differences between English and Vietnamese consonants. This paper is intended to help teachers and English learners review English and Vietnamese consonants to minimize mistakes in their pronunciation, accommodating learners to build their confidence to communicate in L2.
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Hafidz, Muhammad. "Al-Taḥlīl al-Taqābulī Bayna al-Tahakkum fī al-Lugah al-Arabīyah wa Antifrasis fī al-Lugah al-Indūnīsīyah". JILSA (Jurnal Ilmu Linguistik dan Sastra Arab) 7, № 2 (2023): 169–78. https://doi.org/10.15642/jilsa.2023.7.2.169-178.
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Contrastive analysis helps teach foreign languages because of several assumptions: the more significant the difference between the first and second languages, the more acute the learning difficulties. The results of the comparison between the first and second languages are needed to predict the difficulties of learning a foreign language. This research compares antiphrasis Arabic and Indonesian using comparative steps of Contrastive Analysis. The results of this research are: 1) Similarities between the antiphrasis of Arabic and Indonesian are both expressions that have the opposite meaning; 2) Difference between antiphrasis Arabic and Indonesian: a). In Arabic antiphrasis, the expressions used are not only mocking by praising, but giving warnings with expressions of giving good news and threatening expressions with expressions of giving promises; b). In Indonesian antiphrasis, most expressions are mocking in a praising style.
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Sapozhnikova, Yu I. "SLAVE NARRATIVES WRITTEN BY WOMEN: THE PROBLEM OF SELF-IDENTITY." Bulletin of Kemerovo State University, no. 4 (November 26, 2016): 224–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2078-8975-2016-4-224-227.
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The article is dedicated to the comparative analysis of African American slave narratives written by women. The objective of the research is the issues of identity formation. To achieve this objective the following methods were used: contrastive-comparative method of stylistic analysis, motive analysis, biographical method. The interpretation of the texts under consideration enables us to come to the conclusion that the identity formation of the female personages of these texts occurs under the influence of their families and the cultural legacy of the whole community, the considered women writers pay special attention to the means of struggle of black women slaves for human dignity.
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Berg, Herbert. "Theological Approaches to Qur’anic Exegesis: A Practical Comparative-Contrastive Analysis by Hussein Abdul-Raof." Journal of Shi'a Islamic Studies 6, no. 3 (2013): 343–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/isl.2013.0022.
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Sakhapova, M. "AMPLIFICATIONS IN TRANSLATION BY OZZY OSBOURNE’S AUTOBIOGRAPHY “I AM OZZY”." National Association of Scientists 1, no. 68 (2021): 37–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.31618/nas.2413-5291.2021.1.68.444.
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The article deals with amplifications and their functions in translation of autobiographies by the example of Ozzy Osbourne’s autobiography “I Am Ozzy”. In this article translation peculiarities with the help of amplifications are considered. We also perform a comparative-contrastive analysis of Ozzy Osbourne’s autobiography “I Am Ozzy” and its translation in which the correspondence with the original text is analysed.
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Medjedoub, Rima. "Verb Inflection in English and Arabic: A Contrastive Analysis Study." Milev Journal of Research and Studies 8, no. 1 (2022): 414–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.58205/mjrs.v8i1.941.
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Inflection, the change of word form to mark grammatical distinctions, occurs in a variety of grammatical classes: nouns, verbs, adjectives, pronouns, etc. The purpose of the present paper is to describe the verb inflectional morphology in English and Arabic and to conduct a contrastive analysis of both of them. The research question which is put forth is: how do the verb inflectional morphology in English and Arabic differ from/resemble each other? To answer this question, a systematic descriptive comparative study is carried out with a unique focus on the verb inflectional categories. Eventually, it was found that the Arabic verb inflectional morphology is richer and varied from that of the English. Such a study has implications in fields like foreign language teaching/learning, translation, electronic dictionaries, natural language processing, and the like.
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Maksetov, Muxammeddiyar Makset uli. "THE NEED FOR TEACHING ENGLISH AS A SECOND LANGUAGE." Eurasian Journal of Academic Research 2, no. 2 (2022): 48–51. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6044289.
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The process under study is rather complicated. It requires taking into consideration the linguistic experience of students. In addition, this process should be based on the results ofthe comparative-contrastive analysis of the contacting languages: English and Russian (the Mother Tongue of the students). This phenomenon may be called an educational forming multilinguism of which interference and transference are characteristic features. In order to overcome the latter and to improve the educational process, comparative study of language phenomena is necessary. Having found out similar and dissimilar features in both languages the teacher will be able to optimize the learning process of the second language.