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Academic literature on the topic 'Comparative Economic Systems'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 30 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Comparative Economic Systems"

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Meyer, F. V. "Comparative economic systems." International Affairs 67, no. 3 (1991): 588–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2621988.

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Bryson, Phillip J. "Comparative economic systems." Journal of Comparative Economics 16, no. 1 (1992): 168–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0147-5967(92)90122-n.

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Shevchuk, Andrey. "Comparative Analysis of Economic Systems." Journal of Economic Sociology 7, no. 1 (2006): 128–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.17323/1726-3247-2006-1-128-142.

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Hopkins, Barbara E., and Lynn S. Duggan. "A Feminist Comparative Economic Systems." Feminist Economics 17, no. 3 (2011): 35–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13545701.2011.582847.

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J., Usman, Adebayor C .O., Yisa E .S., Danbaba N., and Gbabo A. "Comparative economic analysis of rice parboiling systems in Niger State, Nigeria." Journal of Agricultural Science and Applications 03, no. 01 (2014): 8–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.14511/jasa.2014.030102.

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Nove, Alec, and Kanji Haitani. "Comparative Economic Systems: Organizational and Managerial Perspectives." Economic Journal 97, no. 385 (1987): 229. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2233335.

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Grbić, Milka, and Dejan Jovanović. "Comparative financial systems: Implications for economic growth." Oditor - casopis za Menadzment, finansije i pravo 6, no. 1 (2020): 49–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/oditor2001046g.

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Lockeretz, William. "Comparative local economic benefits of conventional and alternative cropping systems." American Journal of Alternative Agriculture 4, no. 2 (1989): 75–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0889189300002770.

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AbstractI reexamined five previously published studies that compared the economics of high input conventional crop production systems in various regions to the economics of lower input alternatives that use green manures, cover crops, and more diversified rotations, but no inorganic fertilizers and little or no synthetic pesticides. The original analyses were extended to include estimates of each production system's contribution to the local economy, both directly through farmers' payments for labor and interest, and indirectly through the payrolls and profits of enterprises serving farmers. A similar comparison was also made for high input irrigated and lower input nonirrigated corn production. On a per acre basis, the high input systems' local economic benefits were equal to or greater than those of the lower input systems. However, they were lower as a fraction of total value of production in all but one case, since production was always higher for the higher input systems. Correspondingly, with all but one of the higher input systems, a greater portion of the value of production left the local economy to pay for purchased inputs. This becomes significant if the production system is not sustainable, so that the total productive potential of the area's agricultural resources is finite when integrated over their entire economic life. In such circumstances, the results imply that under the conventional system the local economy will capture a smaller share of the total productive value of those resources.

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Rosser-Jr., J. B., and M. Rosser. "A Critique of the New Comparative Economics." Voprosy Ekonomiki, no. 8 (August 20, 2009): 43–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2009-8-43-53.

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The article critically examines the "new comparative economics" paradigm and its underlying model of the "institutional possibilities frontier" as an instrument of comparative efficiency analysis of economic systems. The model suggests a social costs minimization trade-off between economic disorder and dictatorship. But the alternative approach - that of the "new traditional economics" - is shown to be more adequate and promising. New traditional economics deals with the evolutionary analysis of institutions in the context of historical development of economic and non-economic norms and values.

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Wei, Shang-Jin. "Financial Systems and Economic Outcomes: A Comparative Perspective." Global Economic Review 43, no. 4 (2014): 315–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1226508x.2014.985358.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Comparative Economic Systems"

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Zhu, Junbing [Verfasser]. "Four Essays on Comparative Economic Systems / Junbing Zhu." Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1217251227/34.

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Leake, Alastair R. "A comparative analysis of food production : environmental and economic indicators under contrasting farming systems." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.534554.

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Dickinson, Jeffrey Alan. "Comparative economic and ecological analyses of lower chemical input fruit farms and other framing systems." The Ohio State University, 1995. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1341248792.

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Dickinson, Jeffrey Alan. "Comparative economic and ecological analyses of lower chemical input fruit farms and other farming systems /." The Ohio State University, 1995. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487929745334264.

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Maree, Waldo J. "Comparative financial efficiency of training systems and rootstocks for 'Alpine' nectarines (Prunus persica var. nectarine)." Thesis, Link to the online version, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/1102.

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Fernandez, Patricio A. "The Power of a Practical Conclusion and Essays in the Economic Analysis of Legal Systems." Thesis, Harvard University, 2013. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:11101.

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Part One defends the thesis, first advanced by Aristotle, that the conclusion of practical reasoning is an action, and argues for its philosophical significance. Opposition to the thesis rests on a contestable way of distinguishing between acts and contents of reasoning and on a picture of normative principles as external to the actions that fall under them. The resulting view forces us to choose between the efficacious, world-changing character of practical thought and its subjection to objective rational standards. This is a false choice. Aristotle's own understanding of the thesis points the way to an alternative conception of practical reason on which it is at once a power to effect changes in the world and to get things right. Practical reasoning endows the action performed on its basis with a principle that is not imposed on it from outside: instead, it makes the action what it is. Properly understood in terms of the relevant acts of a rational subject, the thesis is defensible and philosophically attractive. Furthermore, it helps us understand the continuity and discontinuity that exists between the motions of human beings and those of other animals, as Aristotle showed.<br>Philosophy

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Ozkan, Kadir. "Theoretising the foundational concepts of the process of financial crimes in comparative economic systems : an attempt in grounded theory." Thesis, Durham University, 2014. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/10934/.

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Financial crimes have become one of the most destructive types of crime in post-industrial societies in terms of economic and financial consequences. While the importance of financial institutions in the modern economic system cannot be negated, their critical function in the society with their enormous powers brings about many questions, especially in relation to systems of checks and balances. The increasing number of adverse examples in the last decades provide evidence for the enormous negative consequences of corporate failures resulting from shortcomings in the checks and balances. This study, hence, is motivated by the current financial failures, and aims at exploring and examining financial crimes in terms of the process of becoming a financial white-collar criminal in various financial systems, namely capitalist, socialist and Islamic systems, as well as exploring the vulnerability and propensity of each system in relation to financial crimes. In addition, this study, departing from the shortcomings of Eurocentric understanding and referring to cultural and religious norms, aims to re-conceptualise some of the concepts, subcategories and dimensions with the objective of developing and theorising an improved version of rational choice theory in criminology for a better comparison. In fulfilling the aims of the study, a discourse analysis approach through a deconstruction method is utilised to locate and identify the underpinnings of the existing theoretical frameworks through comparative case study as a method, by comparing extreme cases of market/capitalist finance, socialist/transitional and Islamic/moral finance. In addition, grounded theory is used as a method to construct a modified version of the existing theories by using a number of formal codes such as ‘motivation’, ‘environment’, ‘target’, ‘guardian’ as concepts and ‘opportunity spaces’, ‘real, perceived selves’, ‘ideal and feared’, ‘need and guarding gaps’, ‘haste’, ‘expectations’, ‘deviance’, ‘crime motivation’, ‘act of crime’ etc. as subcategories and ‘material’, ‘social’ and ‘moral’ as dimensions. Such an attempt is rationalised on the ground that the current criminology theories are unfortunately linear theories and they do not make decisions about a regular person. Therefore, there is no crime theory that is confident enough to receive a regular person and make dynamic, relativist, complex analysis about them in prospect, depending on the changing conditions of the inner and outer world of the individual, unlike the ‘complex theory of crime’ produced by this research through grounded theory. A comparative analysis to order the financial systems according to their vulnerability to financial crimes is also provided in this study using the ‘opportunity spaces’ concept of the grounded theory which develops the classical ‘opportunity’ argument of the rational choice theory to almost a small theory of opportunity. This analysis suggests that the most vulnerable financial system to financial crime is the market based financial system, which is followed by socialist/transitional and Islamized financial systems. The comparative analysis of the study on crime propensities of financial systems also confirms the literature on economic and financial systems that argues that the financial systems are converging despite their strong and distinctive ontological and epistemological differences and capacities to enrich and improve each other. The theoretical model developed in this study reveals that crime motivation is only an extension of ordinary motivation and has a dynamic nature. Dynamic in both the micro world of the individual and his/her close social/physical environment and also the macro environment in terms of the wider space of political-economy and social culture. This study fills an important gap in criminology literature which has been sought for decades since the 1970s. Indeed, the resultant theory in this study is unique in its approach because it is a micro-founded macro theory, unlike all the criminology theories which have either micro (biological, psychological theories, control theories) or macro (i.e. symbolic interactions, social bonds theory, life-course theory, conflict theory) foundations.

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Lewis, David Martin. "Greek slavery in a Near Eastern context : a comparative study of the legal and economic distinctiveness of Greek slave systems." Thesis, Durham University, 2011. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/3299/.

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The orthodox view of Greek slavery, developed by a number of scholars but particularly by M.I. Finley, regards the ‘classical’ civilisations of Greece and Rome as cultures in which slavery developed to a high degree, which stood in contrast to neighbouring Near Eastern societies where the institution remained undeveloped in economic terms and was not understood in the same fashion, since these societies lacked a concept of freedom. This study provides a critical revision of this issue in two phases. The first analyses the legal nature of slave ownership in a cross-cultural perspective, and shows that the legal features of slavery are fundamentally similar in Greek and Near Eastern societies; both Greek and Near Eastern societies understood slavery in a similar fashion, and although societies of the latter kind lacked a developed cultural understanding of freedom, they understood the legal meaning of freedom and could distinguish slavery from other conditions. This undermines the Finleyan view that slavery in Greece and the Near East differed fundamentally in qualitative terms. The second phase shows that the notion that slavery remained an undeveloped institution in the Near East is incorrect by comparing the role of slavery in Greek societies with its role in several Near Eastern societies. By analysing the role of slavery in Biblical Israel, Neo- and Persian Babylonia and in the provinces of the Persian Empire, it shows that the Finleyan model is largely misleading. Instead of a stark contrast between Greek slave societies and non-Greek societies where slavery remained undeveloped, it is shown that a great deal of similarity existed in the extent to which slave labour was utilised in the eastern Mediterranean world. This study shows that slavery cannot be identified as a feature distinguishing ‘classical’ civilisations from neighbouring societies of the ancient Near East.

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Sabric, Deborah Ann. "A comparative analysis of education reform and its impact on socio-economic reform in the twentieth century." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/276193.

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The research project, conceptualized through a comparative historical framework, focuses on an analysis of American and English education policy from 1964 to 2000 with particular emphasis on the inter-relationships between education policy and socio-economic disadvantage. Although the focus of the project is primarily the last four decades of the twentieth century, there is an initial consideration of immediate post-war discourses on poverty and education focusing on the impact that these had upon educational structures and curricula. Critical theory, particularly as conceptualized by Jürgen Habermas, and the Culture of Poverty thesis advanced by Oscar Lewis, form the methodological frameworks that underpin the research project. The research, which was conducted in two post-industrial communities with significant rates of socio-economic deprivation and records of poor educational attainment within secondary education, considers the impact of national policy upon the communities, particularly in relationship to socio-economic deprivation, access to education, equality of opportunity and equality of outcomes. The research design utilises the case study method to scrutinise two secondary schools within these communities as a means of analysing how teachers negotiated the implementation of education policies for their respective student populations. Documentary evidence and oral histories provide the methods to delve into this interconnection between education and socio-economic deprivation while modified Skinnerian and Eastonian frameworks provide the foundations upon which to analyse the data. The dissertation is not meant to trace the history of two schools and two communities but to see the schools and communities as a microcosm of American and English secondary education. The intention, therefore, is to employ the research findings to prescribe potential and future policy directions. Essentially, tracing educational history to understand it while utilising educational history as a tool to inform new and innovative policy where education can ameliorate socio-economic deprivation in each nation.

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de, Gayardon de Fenoyl Ariane. "Access in free-tuition systems: A comparative perspective of the socio-economic background of students in countries with different tuition policies." Thesis, Boston College, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:107316.

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Thesis advisor: Hans de Wit<br>As higher education enters the 21st century, funding issues have evolved with continued massification and limited government funding (Johnstone & Marcucci, 2010). Increased reliance on students and their families to cover the cost of higher education have led to student demonstrations across the globe, their main demand being free tertiary education to improve equitable access (Bernasconi, 2012; Cloete, 2015; Taylor, 2014). This international comparative quantitative international study explores the relationship between tuition fees policies, and more specifically tuition-free policies, and equitable access in three Latin American countries. Participation, college choice, and attrition decisions are analyzed through the lens of the financial and cultural capitals of students, using 2011 and 2013 data from socio-economic surveys in Chile – a high tuition fees country, and Brazil and Argentina – two countries with free public higher education. The findings suggest that tuition fees policies do not carry the importance students think it does. Countries with tuition-free public higher education seem to have similar issues, if not worse, than tuition-charging countries in ensuring equitable access and success for students from low socio-economic backgrounds<br>Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2017<br>Submitted to: Boston College. Lynch School of Education<br>Discipline: Educational Leadership and Higher Education

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Books on the topic "Comparative Economic Systems"

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Schnitzer, Martin. Comparative economic systems. 5th ed. South-Western Pub. Co., 1991.

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Elliott, John E. Comparative economic systems. 2nd ed. Wadsworth Pub., 1985.

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Gregory, Paul R. Comparative economic systems. 2nd ed. Houghton Mifflin, 1985.

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Comparative economic systems. 7th ed. South-Western College Pub., 1997.

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Schnitzer, Martin. Comparative economic systems. 4th ed. South-Western Pub. Co., 1987.

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Kohler, Heinz. Comparative economic systems. Scott, Foresman, 1989.

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Gregory, Paul R. Comparative economic systems. 4th ed. Houghton Mifflin, 1992.

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Comparative economic systems. 6th ed. South-Western Pub. Co., 1994.

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Comparative economic systems. Scott, Foresman, 1989.

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Gardner, H. Stephen. Comparative economic systems. 2nd ed. Dryden Press, 1998.

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Book chapters on the topic "Comparative Economic Systems"

1

Rosefielde, Steven. "Economic Systems." In The Routledge Handbook of Comparative Economic Systems. Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003144366-5.

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Wagener, Hans-Jürgen. "Comparative Economic Systems and Economic Theory." In The Routledge Handbook of Comparative Economic Systems. Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003144366-3.

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Barkley Rosser, J., and Marina V. Rosser. "Comparing Alternative Economic Systems." In The Routledge Handbook of Comparative Economic Systems. Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003144366-12.

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Mizobata, Satoshi, and Ichiro Iwasaki. "Comparative Economic Studies of Transition." In The Routledge Handbook of Comparative Economic Systems. Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003144366-17.

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Petrakis, Panagiotis E. "The Political Economy of Alternative Economic Futures1." In The Routledge Handbook of Comparative Economic Systems. Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003144366-40.

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Choudhury, Masudul Alam. "Globally Interactive Systems." In Comparative Economic Theory Occidental and Islamic Perspectives. Springer US, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-4814-7_3.

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Gardner, H. Stephen. "Principles and Methods for Classification of Economic Systems and Comparing their Economic Performance." In The Routledge Handbook of Comparative Economic Systems. Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003144366-11.

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Bruno, Randolph Luca, and Saul Estrin. "Taxonomies and Typologies: Starting to Reframe Economic Systems." In The Palgrave Handbook of Comparative Economics. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-50888-3_33.

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Valli, Vittorio. "The Contemporary History of Comparative Economic Studies." In The Routledge Handbook of Comparative Economic Systems. Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003144366-4.

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Hynes, William, Alan Kirman, Clara Latini, and Davide Luzzati. "A Systemic Approach to Economic Resilience." In The Routledge Handbook of Comparative Economic Systems. Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003144366-36.

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Conference papers on the topic "Comparative Economic Systems"

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Duquette, Brandon, and Todd Otanicar. "Comparative Economic Analysis of Concentrating Solar Technologies." In ASME 2011 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2011-63956.

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One of the noted benefits of concentrating photovoltaics (PV) is the reduced cell area which results in reduction of the overall system cost. A variety of studies have looked at the cost for concentrating PV systems and made comparisons to concentrating solar thermal power plants, typically resulting in concentrating solar thermal power having lower system costs. Recently a widespread design space was assessed for the potential efficiency improvements possible with a coupled hybrid PV/thermal solar energy system for electricity generation. The analysis showed that modest efficiency improvements could be made but no assessment of the economic impact was made. Although modest efficiency gains can be made such a hybrid system requires more components than one of the conventional stand alone concentrating solar power plant on its own resulting in significantly different system costs. As a result we look to compare the overall system costs of three different solar power technologies: concentrating PV, concentrating solar thermal, and the concentrating hybrid approach. Additionally we will focus on documenting the necessary hybrid efficiencies to make a hybrid system competitive as well as the feasibility and means for achieving these efficiencies.

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Morozov, Andrey. "Implementation of the Eurasian Economic Commission Decisions in Legal Systems of Member States of the Customs Union." In II public readings "Actual problems of comparative jurisprudence". Infra-M Academic Publishing House, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1031.10.

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Zohrabian, Angineh, Mohammad Mansouri Majoumerd, Mohammad Soltanieh, and Øystein Arild. "Techno-Economic Comparative Study on Hydrogen and Electricity Cogeneration Systems With CO2 Capture." In ASME 2016 10th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2016 Power Conference and the ASME 2016 14th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2016-59433.

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In order to achieve the international climate goals and to keep the global temperature increase below 2 °C, carbon capture and storage in large point sources of CO2 emissions has received considerable attention. In recent years, mitigation of CO2 emissions from the power sector has been studied extensively whereas other industrial point source emitters such as hydrogen industry have also great potential for CO2 abatement. This study aims to draw an updated comparison between different hydrogen and power cogeneration systems using natural gas and coal as feedstock. The goal is to show the relative advantage of cogeneration systems with respect to CO2 emission reduction costs. Accordingly, the Reference Case is selected as a large-scale H2 production system with CO2 venting using natural gas based on steam methane reforming. In this work, H2 and electricity cogeneration with CO2 capture based on auto-thermal reforming of natural gas has been simulated using ASPEN Plus™, while the cost and performance indicators for the plant based on steam methane reforming of natural gas and the coal-based plants have been adopted from the literature. Using a consistent approach, different plants are compared techno-economically. A sensitivity analysis has also been performed with variation in the most important input parameters including natural gas price (2–8 $/GJ), coal price (1–4 $/GJ), electricity price (30–90 $/MWh) and capacity factors (85–50%) and the results are presented here. The results demonstrate that the total efficiency of the system is slightly higher in natural gas-based systems than in coal-based systems. The results also indicate that although H2 production cost increases with power cogeneration and CO2 capture, cogeneration is a promising and attractive alternative for clean power generation. The highest sensitivity of the results has been observed for the fuel price.

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Lin, Dianchao, and Saif Eddin Jabari. "Comparative Analysis of Economic Instruments in Intersection Operation: A User-Based Perspective." In 2020 IEEE 23rd International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/itsc45102.2020.9294641.

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Pritula, O. D. "Comparative Characteristics Of Approaches To Differentiation Of Elements Of Territorial Socio-Economic Systems." In CIEDR 2018 - The International Scientific and Practical Conference "Contemporary Issues of Economic Development of Russia: Challenges and Opportunities". Cognitive-Crcs, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2019.04.50.

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Baumann, M., B. Zimmermann, H. Dura, B. Simon, and M. Weil. "A comparative probabilistic economic analysis of selected stationary battery systems for grid applications." In 2013 International Conference on Clean Electrical Power (ICCEP). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccep.2013.6586972.

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Todt, E., A. Gehlen de Leão, L. A. Lindau, E. Bortolini, and B. M. Pereira. "Market Trends and Comparative Study of Economic and Technological Parameters of APM Systems." In 12th International Conference of Automated People Movers. American Society of Civil Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41038(343)23.

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Sun, Yanxia. "Comparative analysis of PSO and quasi-newton methodsfor economic dispatch of power systems." In 2017 International Conference on Machine Learning and Cybernetics (ICMLC). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmlc.2017.8108953.

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Kacou, N. R. "RUSSIA AND COTE D'IVOIRE - A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF INDICATORS OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMIC SYSTEMS." In Трансформация экономических систем: низкоуглеродная экономика и климатическая политика. Воронежский государственный лесотехнический университет им. Г.Ф. Морозова, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.58168/lcecp2022_33-36.

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Vaz, Filipe, Pedro Sebastiao, Luis Goncalves, and Americo Correia. "Economic and environmental comparative analysis on macro-femtocell deployments in LTE-A." In 2013 3rd International Conference on Wireless Communications, Vehicular Technology, Information Theory and Aerospace & Electronic Systems (VITAE). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/vitae.2013.6617060.

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Reports on the topic "Comparative Economic Systems"

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Nechaev, V., Володимир Миколайович Соловйов, and A. Nagibas. Complex economic systems structural organization modelling. Politecnico di Torino, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/0564/1118.

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One of the well-known results of the theory of management is the fact, that multi-stage hierarchical organization of management is unstable. Hence, the ideas expressed in a number of works by Don Tapscott on advantages of network organization of businesses over vertically integrated ones is clear. While studying the basic tendencies of business organization in the conditions of globalization, computerization and internetization of the society and the results of the ﬁnancial activities of the well-known companies, the authors arrive at the conclusion, that such companies, as IBM, Boeing, Mercedes-Benz and some others companies have not been engaged in their traditional business for a long time. Their partner networks performs this function instead of them. The companies themselves perform the function of system integrators. The Tapscott’s idea ﬁnds its conﬁrmation within the framework of a new powerful direction of the development of the modern interdisciplinary science – the theory of the complex networks (CN) [2]. CN-s are multifractal objects, the loss of multifractality being the indicator of the system transition from more complex state into more simple state. We tested the multifractal properties of the data using the wavelet transform modulus maxima approach in order to analyze scaling properties of our company. Comparative analysis of the singularity spectrumf(®), namely, the diﬀerence between maximum and minimum values of ® (∆ = ®max ¡ ®min) shows that IBM company is considerably more fractal in comparison with Apple Computer. Really, for it the value of ∆ is equal to 0.3, while for the vertically integrated company Apple it only makes 0.06 – 5 times less. The comparison of other companies shows that this dependence is of general character. Taking into consideration the fact that network organization of business has become dominant in the last 5-10 years, we carried out research for the selected companies in the earliest possible period of time which was determined by the availability of data in the Internet, or by historically later beginning of stock trade of computer companies. A singularity spectrum of the ﬁrst group of companies turned out to be considerably narrower, or shifted toward the smaller values of ® in the pre-network period. The latter means that dynamic series were antipersistant. That is, these companies‘ management was rigidly controlled while the impact of market mechanisms was minimized. In the second group of companies if even the situation did changed it did not change for the better. In addition, we discuss applications to the construction of portfolios of stock that have a stable ratio of risk to return.

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Соловйов, В. М., та К. В. Соловйова. Кількісні методи оцінки складності в прогнозуванні соціально-економічних систем. Видавець Ткачук О.В., 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/0564/1333.

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The features of the complexity concept in social and economic systems. Shown that the economic paradigm of complexity theory is an alternative in volatile dynamics of the global economy. Information and fractal measures of complexity used to analyze comparative dynamic complexity of systems in the current global financial crisis.

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Kiv, A., V. Soloviev, and K. Solovieva. Multiscaling of information complexity measures. Брама-Україна, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/0564/1298.

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The features of the complexity concept in social and economic systems. It is shown that the economic paradigm of complexity theory is an alternative in volatile dynamics of the global economy. Information and multiscale measures of complexity are used to analyze comparative dynamic complexity of systems in the current global financial crisis.

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Rentería Palomares, Zaira, Jorge Gutiérrez García, and Daniel Perdomo Rodríguez. Digitalization in the Extractive Sector: A Comparative Analysis of the Andean Region. Inter-American Development Bank, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004675.

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Global efforts to achieve the climate goals specified in the Paris Agreement pose major challenges for the global production system, because demand for clean fuels, metals, and minerals will increase considerably in the coming decades. This trend is the main driver for extractive companies transformations of their production systems to maintain their profitability and operability in the face of an increasingly stringent context in economic, environmental, and social terms. Hence, the adoption of digital technologies appears as a unique opportunity that would enable the industry to meet the challenges posed by the energy transition that is looming. In this challenging context, companies in the extractive sector have started to rethink not only their internal operations, but also the ways in which they interact with communities, the environment, and public opinion.

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Bourrier, Mathilde, Michael Deml, and Farnaz Mahdavian. Comparative report of the COVID-19 Pandemic Responses in Norway, Sweden, Germany, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. University of Stavanger, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31265/usps.254.

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The purpose of this report is to compare the risk communication strategies and public health mitigation measures implemented by Germany, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom (UK) in 2020 in response to the COVID-19 pandemic based on publicly available documents. The report compares the country responses both in relation to one another and to the recommendations and guidance of the World Health Organization where available. The comparative report is an output of Work Package 1 from the research project PAN-FIGHT (Fighting pandemics with enhanced risk communication: Messages, compliance and vulnerability during the COVID-19 outbreak), which is financially supported by the Norwegian Research Council's extraordinary programme for corona research. PAN-FIGHT adopts a comparative approach which follows a “most different systems” variation as a logic of comparison guiding the research (Przeworski & Teune, 1970). The countries in this study include two EU member States (Sweden, Germany), one which was engaged in an exit process from the EU membership (the UK), and two non-European Union states, but both members of the European Free Trade Association (EFTA): Norway and Switzerland. Furthermore, Germany and Switzerland govern by the Continental European Federal administrative model, with a relatively weak central bureaucracy and strong subnational, decentralised institutions. Norway and Sweden adhere to the Scandinavian model—a unitary but fairly decentralised system with power bestowed to the local authorities. The United Kingdom applies the Anglo-Saxon model, characterized by New Public Management (NPM) and decentralised managerial practices (Einhorn & Logue, 2003; Kuhlmann & Wollmann, 2014; Petridou et al., 2019). In total, PAN-FIGHT is comprised of 5 Work Packages (WPs), which are research-, recommendation-, and practice-oriented. The WPs seek to respond to the following research questions and accomplish the following: WP1: What are the characteristics of governmental and public health authorities’ risk communication strategies in five European countries, both in comparison to each other and in relation to the official strategies proposed by WHO? WP2: To what extent and how does the general public’s understanding, induced by national risk communication, vary across five countries, in relation to factors such as social capital, age, gender, socio-economic status and household composition? WP3: Based on data generated in WP1 and WP2, what is the significance of being male or female in terms of individual susceptibility to risk communication and subsequent vulnerability during the COVID-19 outbreak? WP4: Based on insight and knowledge generated in WPs 1 and 2, what recommendations can we offer national and local governments and health institutions on enhancing their risk communication strategies to curb pandemic outbreaks? WP5: Enhance health risk communication strategies across five European countries based upon the knowledge and recommendations generated by WPs 1-4. Pre-pandemic preparedness characteristics All five countries had pandemic plans developed prior to 2020, which generally were specific to influenza pandemics but not to coronaviruses. All plans had been updated following the H1N1 pandemic (2009-2010). During the SARS (2003) and MERS (2012) outbreaks, both of which are coronaviruses, all five countries experienced few cases, with notably smaller impacts than the H1N1 epidemic (2009-2010). The UK had conducted several exercises (Exercise Cygnet in 2016, Exercise Cygnus in 2016, and Exercise Iris in 2018) to check their preparedness plans; the reports from these exercises concluded that there were gaps in preparedness for epidemic outbreaks. Germany also simulated an influenza pandemic exercise in 2007 called LÜKEX 07, to train cross-state and cross-department crisis management (Bundesanstalt Technisches Hilfswerk, 2007). In 2017 within the context of the G20, Germany ran a health emergency simulation exercise with WHO and World Bank representatives to prepare for potential future pandemics (Federal Ministry of Health et al., 2017). Prior to COVID-19, only the UK had expert groups, notably the Scientific Advisory Group for Emergencies (SAGE), that was tasked with providing advice during emergencies. It had been used in previous emergency events (not exclusively limited to health). In contrast, none of the other countries had a similar expert advisory group in place prior to the pandemic. COVID-19 waves in 2020 All five countries experienced two waves of infection in 2020. The first wave occurred during the first half of the year and peaked after March 2020. The second wave arrived during the final quarter. Norway consistently had the lowest number of SARS-CoV-2 infections per million. Germany’s counts were neither the lowest nor the highest. Sweden, Switzerland and the UK alternated in having the highest numbers per million throughout 2020. Implementation of measures to control the spread of infection In Germany, Switzerland and the UK, health policy is the responsibility of regional states, (Länders, cantons and nations, respectively). However, there was a strong initial centralized response in all five countries to mitigate the spread of infection. Later on, country responses varied in the degree to which they were centralized or decentralized. Risk communication In all countries, a large variety of communication channels were used (press briefings, websites, social media, interviews). Digital communication channels were used extensively. Artificial intelligence was used, for example chatbots and decision support systems. Dashboards were used to provide access to and communicate data.

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Khan, Mahreen. Public Financial Management and Transitioning out of Aid. Institute of Development Studies, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.145.

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This rapid review found an absence of literature focused specifically on measuring the impact of PFM and governance systems in countries that have transitioned from aid, by moving up the income ladder. However, there are a few academic publications and a limited number of studies by multilateral, such as the World Bank, that examine the role of PFM and governance systems in countries that are transitioning or have moved away from aid. However, the importance of public financial management (PFM) and governance systems in development is well established and seen as a pre-requisite for economic growth. To effectively transition from aid, most low-income countries (LICs) need to upgrade their PFM and governance systems to meet the different scale, resources, accountability mechanisms, and capacity-building requirements of a middle-income country (MIC). The absence of the above empirical evidence may be due to the complexity of measuring the impact of PFM reforms as the results are non-linear, difficult to isolate from other policies to establish causality, and manifest in a longer time frame. However, through comparative country studies, the consequences of deficient PFM and governance have been well documented. So impaired budgetary planning, implementation, and reporting, limited fiscal transparency, weak accountability mechanisms, resource leakage, and inefficient service delivery are well recognised as detrimental to economic growth and development. The literature on transitioning countries focuses predominantly on the impact of aid withdrawal on the social sector, where comparative qualitative data is easier to obtain and the effects are usually more immediate, visible, and may even extend to global health outcomes, such as in AIDS prevention programmes. Thus, tracking the progress of donor-assisted social sector programmes is relatively easier than for PFM and governance reforms. The literature is more abundant on the overall lessons of transitions from aid both for country governments and donors. The key lessons underscore the importance of PFM and governance systems and mechanisms to a successful transition up the income ladder: Planning for transition should be strategic, detailed and specifically geared to mitigate against risks, explicitly assessing the best mix of finance options to mitigate the impact of aid reduction/withdrawal on national budgets. The plan must be led by a working group or ministry and have timelines and milestones; Where PFM and governance is weak transition preparation should include strengthening PFM especially economic and fiscal legislation, administration, and implementation; Stakeholders such as donor partners (DPs) and NGOs should participate in the planning process with clear, open, and ongoing communication channels; Political and economic assessments in the planning and mid-term phases as well as long-term monitoring and evaluation should be instituted; Build financial, technical, and management capacity throughout the plan implementation This helpdesk report draws on academic, policy, and grey sources from the previous seven years rather than the usual K4D five-year window, to account for the two-year disruption of COVID-19. As cross-country studies on PFM and governance are scarce, a few older studies are also referenced to ensure a comprehensive response to the query. The report focuses on low-income countries transitioning from aid due to a change in status to lower-middle-income countries.

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Urfels, Marie. From state support to market and financialization measures in crisis times: A comparative literature review of the Swedish and German housing systems. Malmö University, Faculty of Culture and Society (KS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24834/isbn.9789178772605.

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This paper present the findings of an extensive literature review on the housing systems in Germany and Sweden. The literature review majorly focuses on the rental housing sector but also touches upon other segments of the housing market, especially the cooperative housing sector. The report thus provides a general overview and situates the rental sector in the wider context of the overall housing market in the two countries. The paper adds valuable knowledge about the large differences in the post-war responses to the housing shortage in Germany and Sweden. While Sweden responded with a universal off-market approach to housing, (West) Germany implemented a dualist housing system within a social market economy. Despite differences in past solutions, the contemporary problems seem to be similar. The report concludes that, in the search of a response to the current housing crisis, Germany sees a re-emergence of the state, while Sweden’s next moves are uncertain.

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Dudoit, Alain, Molivann Panot, and Thierry Warin. Towards a multi-stakeholder Intermodal Trade-Transportation Data-Sharing and Knowledge Exchange Network. CIRANO, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.54932/mvne7282.

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The performance of supply chains used to be mainly the concern of academics and professionals who studied the potential efficiencies and risks associated with this aspect of globalisation. In 2021, major disruptions in this critical sector of our economies are making headlines and attracting the attention of policy makers around the world. Supply chain bottlenecks create shortages, fuel inflation, and undermine economic recovery. This report provides a transversal and multidisciplinary analysis of the challenges and opportunities regarding data interoperability and data sharing as they relate to the ‘Great Lakes - St. Lawrence Seaway Trade Corridor’ (GLSLTC)’s intermodal transportation and trade data strategy. The size and scope of this trade corridor are only matched by the complexity of its multimodal freight transportation systems and growing urbanization on both sides of the Canada-US border. This complexity is exacerbated by the lack of data interoperability and effective collaborations between the different stakeholders within the various jurisdictions and amongst them. Our analytical work relies on : 1) A review of the relevant documentation on the latest challenges to supply chains (SC), intermodal freight transport and international trade, identifying any databases that are to be used.; 2) A comparative review of selected relevant initiatives to give insights into the best practices in digital supply chains implemented in Canada, the United States, and the European Union.; 3) Interviews and discussions with experts from Transport Canada, Statistics Canada, the Canadian Centre on Transportation Data (CCTD) and Global Affairs Canada, as well as with CIRANO’s research community and four partner institutions to identify databases and data that they use in their research related to transportation and trade relevant data availabilities and methodologies as well as joint research opportunities. Its main findings can be summarized as follow: GLSLTC is characterized by its critical scale, complexity, and strategic impact as North America’s most vital trade corridor in the foreseeable further intensification of continental trade. 4% of Canadian GDP is attributed to the Transportation and Logistics sector (2018): $1 trillion of goods moved every year: Goods and services imports are equivalent to 33% of Canada’s GDP and goods and services exports equivalent to 32%. The transportation sector is a key contributor to the achievement of net-zero emissions commitment by 2050. All sectors of the Canadian economy are affected by global supply chain disruptions. Uncertainty and threats extend well beyond the COVID-19 Pandemic. “De-globalization” and increasing supply chains regionalization pressures are mounting. Innovation and thus economic performance—increasingly hinges on the quantity and quality of data. Data is transforming Canada’s economy/society and is now at the center of global trade “Transport data is becoming less available: Canada needs to make data a priority for a national transportation strategy.” * “How the Government of Canada collects, manages, and governs data—and how it accesses and shares data with other governments, sectors, and Canadians—must change.”

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Ehrlich, Marcelo, John S. Parker, and Terence S. Dermody. Development of a Plasmid-Based Reverse Genetics System for the Bluetongue and Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease Viruses to Allow a Comparative Characterization of the Function of the NS3 Viroporin in Viral Egress. United States Department of Agriculture, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7699840.bard.

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Project Title: "Development of a plasmid-based reverse genetics system for the Bluetongue and Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease viruses to allow comparative characterization of the function of the NS3 viroporin in viral egress". Project details: No - IS-4192-09; Participants – Ehrlich M. (Tel Aviv University), Parker J.S. (Cornell University), DermodyT.S. (Vanderbilt University); Period - 2009-2013. Orbiviruses are insect-borne infectious agents of ruminants that cause diseases with considerable economical impact in Israel and the United States. The recent outbreaks of BTV in Europe and of Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease Virus (EHDV) in Israel, underscore the need for: (i) a better comprehension of the infection process of orbiviruses, (ii) the identification of unique vs. common traits among different orbiviruses, (iii) the development of novel diagnosis and treatment techniques and approaches; all aimed at the achievement of more effective control and treatment measures. It is the context of these broad goals that the present project was carried out. To fulfill our long-term goal of identifying specific viral determinants of virulence, growth, and transmission of the orbiviruses, we proposed to: (i) develop reverse genetics systems for BTV and EHDV2-Ibaraki; and (ii) identify the molecular determinants of the NS3 nonstructural protein related to viroporin/viral egress activities. The first objective was pursued with a two-pronged approach: (i) development of a plasmid-based reverse genetics system for BTV-17, and (ii) development of an "in-vitro" transcription-based reverse genetics system for EHDV2-Ibaraki. Both approaches encountered technical problems that hampered their achievement. However, dissection of the possible causes of the failure to achieve viral spread of EHDV2-Ibaraki, following the transfection of in-vitro transcribed genomic segments of the virus, revealed a novel characteristic of EHDV2-Ibaraki infection: an uncharacteristically low fold increase in titer upon infection of different cell models. To address the function and regulation of NS3 we employed the following approaches: (i) development (together with Anima Cell Metrology) of a novel technique (based on the transfection of fluorescently-labeledtRNAs) that allows for the detection of the levels of synthesis of individual viral proteins (i.e. NS3) in single cells; (ii) development of a siRNA-mediated knockdown approach for the reduction in levels of expression of NS3 in EHDV2-Ibaraki infected cells; (iii) biochemical and microscopy-based analysis of the localization, levels and post-translational modifications of NS3 in infected cells. In addition, we identified the altered regulation and spatial compartmentalization of protein synthesis in cells infected with EHDV2-Ibaraki or the mammalian reovirus. In EHDV2-Ibaraki-infected cells such altered regulation in protein synthesis occurs in the context of a cell stress reponse that includes the induction of apoptosis, autophagy and activation of the stressrelated kinase c-Jun N-terminal Kinase (JNK). Interestingly, inhibition of such stress-related cellular processes diminishes the production of infectious virions, suggesting that EHDV usurps these responses for the benefit of efficient infection. Taken together, while the present project fell short of the generation of novel reverse genetics systems for orbiviruses, the development of novel experimental approaches and techniques, and their employment in the analysis of EHDV-infected cells, yielded novel insights in the interactions of orbiviruses with mammalian cells.

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Arora, Sanjana, and Olena Koval. Norway Country Report. University of Stavanger, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31265/usps.232.

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This report is part of a larger cross-country comparative project and constitutes an account and analysis of the measures comprising the Norwegian national response to the COVID-19 pandemic during the year of 2020. This time period is interesting in that mitigation efforts were predominantly of a non-medical nature. Mass vaccinations were in Norway conducted in early 2021. With one of the lowest mortality rates in Europe and relatively lower economic repercussions compared to its Nordic neighbours, the Norwegian case stands unique (OECD, 2021: Eurostat 2021; Statista, 2022). This report presents a summary of Norwegian response to the COVID-19 pandemic by taking into account its governance, political administration and societal context. In doing so, it highlights the key features of the Nordic governance model and the mitigation measures that attributed to its success, as well as some facets of Norway’s under-preparedness. Norway’s relative isolation in Northern Europe coupled with low population density gave it a geographical advantage in ensuring a slower spread of the virus. However, the spread of infection was also uneven, which meant that infection rates were concentrated more in some areas than in others. On the fiscal front, the affluence of Norway is linked to its petroleum industry and the related Norwegian Sovereign Wealth Fund. Both were affected by the pandemic, reflected through a reduction in the country’s annual GDP (SSB, 2022). The Nordic model of extensive welfare services, economic measures, a strong healthcare system with goals of equity and a high trust society, indeed ensured a strong shield against the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Yet, the consequences of the pandemic were uneven with unemployment especially high among those with low education and/or in low-income professions, as well as among immigrants (NOU, 2022:5). The social and psychological effects were also uneven, with children and elderly being left particularly vulnerable (Christensen, 2021). Further, the pandemic also at times led to unprecedented pressure on some intensive care units (OECD, 2021). Central to handling the COVID-19 pandemic in Norway were the three national executive authorities: the Ministry of Health and Care services, the National directorate of health and the Norwegian Institute of Public Health. With regard to political-administrative functions, the principle of subsidiarity (decentralisation) and responsibility meant that local governments had a high degree of autonomy in implementing infection control measures. Risk communication was thus also relatively decentralised, depending on the local outbreak situations. While decentralisation likely gave flexibility, ability to improvise in a crisis and utilise the municipalities’ knowledge of local contexts, it also brought forward challenges of coordination between the national and municipal level. Lack of training, infection control and protection equipment thereby prevailed in several municipalities. Although in effect for limited periods of time, the Corona Act, which allowed for fairly severe restrictions, received mixed responses in the public sphere. Critical perceptions towards the Corona Act were not seen as a surprise, considering that Norwegian society has traditionally relied on its ‘dugnadskultur’ – a culture of voluntary contributions in the spirit of solidarity. Government representatives at the frontline of communication were also open about the degree of uncertainty coupled with considerable potential for great societal damage. Overall, the mitigation policy in Norway was successful in keeping the overall infection rates and mortality low, albeit with a few societal and political-administrative challenges. The case of Norway is thus indeed exemplary with regard to its effective mitigation measures and strong government support to mitigate the impact of those measures. However, it also goes to show how a country with good crisis preparedness systems, governance and a comprehensive welfare system was also left somewhat underprepared by the devastating consequences of the pandemic.

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