Dissertations / Theses: 'Comparative industrial relatio'

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Cook, Gary A. S. "Vertical relations, corporate strategy and industrial organisation : a comparative analysis of two U.K. industries." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.630482.

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This thesis is fundamentally concerned with the reasons for vertical integration. It specifically addresses the questions of why vertical integration and close contractual equivalents have arisen in the petrol and brewing sectors of the U.K. and what influences the particular pattern of integration and contracts found. It further seeks to explain the major terms of the contracts used. The thesis is structured as a debate between explanations predicated on the assumption that market power drives vertical integration and those predicated on the assumption of efficiency. The thesis further considers the adequacy of the Neoclassical, New Institutional and Neoinstitutional paradigms for explaining the structure of industry. In concordance with a debate between paradigms, the thesis is rooted in the Lakatosian Methodology of Scientific Research Programmes. The thesis employs a case study methodology based principally on secondary sources and semi-structured interviews. Where possible, econometric techniques have also been employed. The principal case study period in 1965-1990, although the historical roots of vertical integration in both industries are explored. The principal conclusions of the thesis are as follows. The recent history of vertical integration is better accounted for by efficiency rationales in the case of petrol and by market power in the case of brewing, although the converse is true regarding the origins of vertical integration. Nevertheless, elements of both are present in each industry. Moreover, none of the paradigms emerges as being adequate on its own to account for the organisation of industry. Accordingly, the basis on which a synthesis would be possible is considered. This would require the rationality assumption to be relaxed by the Neoclassical and Neoinstitutional paradigms and the assumption of efficient outcomes of market processes to be relaxed in the New Institutional and Neoinstitutional. The recommendation for public competition policy is that both efficiency and power rationales should be considered and that a 'rule of reason' rather than a 'per se' approach is to be preferred.

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Greco, Lidia. "Industrial redundancies : a comparative analysis of the chemical and clothing industries on Teesside (UK) and Brindisi (I)." Thesis, Durham University, 2000. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/4533/.

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This thesis develops an alternative to the neo-classical approach to redundancies. The study assumes that the employment relation is not reducible to the labour contract and, therefore, cannot be subjected exclusively to the monetary exchange. It focuses on the intermediate formal and informal institutions that, by entering the process of wage determination and regulating the relationship between capital and labour, constitute a critical factor in explaining industrial and employment change. In doing so, it suggests a complementarity between macro-economic perspectives (e.g. the Keynesian approach, the Schumpeterian theory and Marxist perspective), preference models on industrial unemployment and the insights of the old institutionalist tradition. Industrial restructuring and redundancies are conceptualised as institutionally constructed processes and geographically situated. Rather than envisaging the convergence of firms towards a single, uniform form of restructuring synonymous with redundancies, the thesis holds that corporate adjustments are neither uniform, nor the result of profit maximising behaviours. Redundancies are subject to the actions and strategies of individuals and groups that influence the process of wage determination and, through it, the definition and the pursuit of profitability and efficiency. By considering institutional relations, shaped by external factors, cultural conditions and sedimented practices, the thesis highlights the spatial specificity of restructuring processes and redundancies. The thesis explores processes of corporate restructuring and redundancies in two industrial areas, Teesside (UK) and Brindisi (I), by drawing upon the evidence from two industries: the chemicals and the clothing sectors. Contrary to market-centred analyses, the evidence shows that similar economic pressures have generated different responses in the two sectors and among companies of the same sector. In addition, by focusing on the local environment in which companies are embedded, the thesis reveals how place-specific social and historical practices represent important variables to explain redundancy processes in the two areas.

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Wailes, Nick. "The Importance Of Small Differences: Globalisation And Industrial Relations In Australia And New Zealand." University of Sydney. Work and Organisational Studies, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/641.

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Recent debates in comparative industrial relations scholarship have raised significant questions about the impact of changes in the international economy on national patterns of industrial relations. Globalisation, it has been argued, creates pressures for convergence that will increasingly undermine national diversity in industrial relations institutions and outcomes. At its most extreme, the globalisation thesis predicts �a universal race to the bottom� of labour standards. This globalisation thesis has been broadly criticised in the comparative industrial relations literature. Rather, a growing body of comparative industrial relations literature has pointed to evidence of continued diversity, despite the common pressures associated with changes in the international economy. This literature has focussed on the importance national level institutional variables play in explaining diversity and suggested that differences in national level institutional variables are likely to produce cross-national divergence rather than convergence. While the institutionalist approach represents an important corrective to the globalisation thesis, it has difficulty explaining similarities in patterns of industrial relations changes, despite institutional differences across countries, and is largely unable to explain changes in the institutions themselves. This thesis argues that these limitations of the institutionalist approach reflect its intellectual origins in comparative politics. The major contribution of this thesis is the development of an interaction approach the relationship between international economic change and the domestic institutions of industrial relations. This alternative theoretical approach, which is drawn from concepts in the political economy tradition in industrial relations and the international political economy literature, identifies four key variables the shape the relationship between international economic change and the domestic institutions of industrial relations: namely, the international economic regime; the national production profile; the accumulation strategy of the state; and the role of institutional effects. The thesis tests the explanatory power of the interaction approach by focussing on the comparison between two closely matched countries- Australia and New Zealand- during three periods of significant economic change in the international economy: the end of the nineteenth century; the immediate post world war two period; and, in the late 1960s. It shows that each of these periods a focus on changes in the international economy and how they impact the interests of employers, workers and the state helps explain both similarities and differences in industrial relations developments in the two countries. In doing so it demonstrates the importance of what appear to be small differences between the cases. The ability of the interaction approach to account for similarities and differences across three time periods in two most similar countries suggests that it may have broader application in cross-national comparison and that may provide the basis for a more general reassessment of the relationship between the contemporary wave of globalisation and industrial relations institutions and outcomes.

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Riel, Bart van. "Unemployment divergence and coordinated systems of industrial relations : a comparative analysis of six economies /." Frankfurt am Main ; Berlin ; Paris [etc.] : Peter Lang, 1995. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb375012480.

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Michelotti, Marco 1970. "Changing employment protection systemsthe comparative evolution of labour standards in Australia and Italy 1979 to 2000 /." Monash University, Dept. of Management, 2003. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/7618.

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Horn, Jan Ernest. "The emergence of a new industrial relations system in Malawi : a comparative study." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/51975.

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Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2000.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This comparative study between the Malawian and the South African Labour Relations Act examines whether local industries in Malawi could benefit more from the new Act in comparison to the South African industries which also were exposed to a new Labour Relations Act. South Africa is the biggest exporter to Malawi representing 31% of total imports. Malawi is a net importer of goods relying on agricultural products such as tobacco, tea and sugar to earn foreign currency. The majority of manufactured goods are imported competing against a relative small local industry, which is not competitive and relies on import tariff for protection against cheaper imports. However, Malawi is a member of the Southern African Development Community (SADC) and is committed to import tariff reduction and eventual tariff elimination amongst SADC countries of which South Africa is also a member. This will have a devastating effect on Malawi's manufacturing industry if it cannot improve its competitiveness. One aspect that can assist local industries to become more competitive is the advent of the new Labour Relations acts introduced in both South Africa and Malawi following the historic and co-incidental change in both countries to multiparty democracy during 1994. Both acts recognise collective bargaining as the best means of resolving industrial disputes of interests. In order to make collective bargaining more effective, both acts require employers to disclose information deemed necessary for effective negotiations and bargaining. The acts attempt to assist in the process of reaching agreement between the parties. In Malawi, unresolved disputes must be referred to the Industrial Relations Court whereas the South African act replaced the Industrial Court with a new Commission for Conciliation, Mediation and Arbitration. In addition, the South African Labour Relations Act introduced the workplace forums which are organisations consisting of elected employees who have the right to consult with the employer to reach joint agreement on matters of mutual concern. The Malawian Labour Relations Act requires an employer to recognise a trade union for collective bargaining if the trade union membership represents at least twenty per cent of the employees. However, the South African Labour Relations Act attempts to create a spirit of industrial democracy through joint decisionmaking and promotes the concept of majoritarianism and collective bargaining at industry level. In Malawi, if a dispute is unresolved and it concerns the interpretation of statutory provisions or any provisions of a collective agreement or contract of employment, either party to such a dispute may apply to the Industrial Relations Court for determination of the dispute. However, the South African Labour Relations Act has created two new structures, bargaining councils and statutory councils. These structures perform primarily a dispute resolution function as part of what is referred to in the Act as the self-regulation principle which underlines the entire Act. The South African Labour Relations Act thus promotes self-regulatory principles whereas the Malawian Labour Relations Act promotes dispute resolution measures through statutory structures. In terms of both acts, employees have the right to strike and employers have the right to initiate a lock-out. It is important to note that, in the case of Malawi, seven days notice prior to taking industrial action is required whereas in South Africa only forty-eight hours notice is required. The South African Labour Relations Act has introduced workplace forums for the purpose of preventing or minimising unilateral decision making by employers. It therefore encourages worker participation in managerial decision making through workplace forums. The Malawian Labour Relations Act has not made any provision for workplace forums or any similar structure. This is a significant weakness in the Malawian Labour Relations Act as the encouragement of worker participation in managerial decision making might well be instrumental in the reduction of conflict at the workplace and for both employees and employers to appreciate each others contending goals. Unlike the new Malawian Industrial Relations Act, the new South African Act has replaced the Industrial Court with a new dispute resolution system in the form of a Commission for Conciliation, Mediation and Arbitration, which attempts to resolve disputes through the process of mediation and arbitration. The South African Labour Relations Act contains a whole chapter on unfair dismissals whereas the Malawian Labour Relations Act does not specifically address this issue. As to the effectiveness of the Malawian industrial relations system, several recommendations have been made in the following key areas: • Union representation; • Workplace forums; • Commission for Conciliation, Mediation and Arbitration; and • Unfair dismissal.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie vergelykende studie van die Malawiese en Suid-Afrikaanse Wet op Arbeidsverhoudinge ondersoek of plaaslike nywerhede in Malawi meer kan baat van die nuwe Wet in vergelyking met die Suid-Afrikaanse nywerhede wat ook aan die nuwe Wet op Arbeidsverhoudinge blootgestel is. Suid-Afrika is die grootste uitvoerder na Malawi, met 'n 31 persent verteenwoordiging van die totale invoere. Malawi is 'n netto invoerder van goedere en maak staat op boerderyprodukte soos tabak, tee en suiker om buitelandse valuta te verdien. Die meerderheid van die vervaardigde goedere word ingevoer en ding mee teen 'n redelike klein plaaslike industrie wat nie kompeterend is nie en vir beskerming teen goedkoper invoere op invoertariewe staatmaak. Malawi is egter 'n lid van die Suider-Afrikaanse Ontwikkelingsgemeenskap en is daartoe verbind om invoertariewe te verlaag en dit uiteindelik tussen die Suider-Afrikaanse Ontwikkelingsgemeenskap-lande, waarvan Suid-Afrika ook 'n lid is, uit te skakel. Dit sal 'n vernietigende uitwerking op Malawi se vervaardigingsindustrie hê as hulle nie hul mededinging kan verbeter nie. Een aspek wat plaaslike nywerhede kan help om meer mededingend te word, is die koms van die nuwe Wet op Arbeidsverhoudinge wat, na aanleiding van die geskiedkundige en gelyktydige veranderinge in beide lande na veelpartydemokrasie in 1994, in beide Suid-Afrika en Malawi ingestel is. Beide wette erken kollektiewe bedinging as die beste manier om arbeidsgeskille oor belange te besleg. Om kollektiewe bedinging doeltreffender te maak, vereis beide wette dat werkgewers inligting openbaar maak wat nodig geag word vir doeltreffende onderhandelinge en bedinging. Die wette probeer help dat ooreenkomste tussen die partye bereik word. In Malawi moet geskille wat nie besleg kan word nie, na die Arbeidsbetrekkingehof verwys word terwyl die Suid-Afrikaanse wet die Nywerheidshof met 'n nuwe Kommissie vir Versoening, Bemiddeling en Arbitrasie vervang het. Hierbenewens het die Suid-Afrikaanse Wet op Arbeidsverhoudinge die werkplekforums ingestel. Dit is liggame wat bestaan uit werknemers wat gekies is en die reg het om met die werkgewer te beraadslaag om 'n gemeenskaplike ooreenkoms oor gemeenskaplike belange te bereik. Die Malawiese Wet op Arbeidsverhoudinge vereis dat 'n werkgewer 'n vakbond erken vir kollektiewe bedinging as die vakbond ledetal minstens 20 persent van die werknemers verteenwoordig. Die Suid-Afrikaanse Wet op Arbeidsverhoudinge poog egter om 'n gevoel van arbeidsdemokrasie te skep deur gesamentlike besluitneming en bevorder die konsep van meerderheid en kollektiewe bedinging op industrievlak. As 'n geskil in Malawi nie bygelê kan word nie en dit raak die interpretasie van statutêre bepalings of enige bepalings van 'n kollektiewe ooreenkoms of dienskontrak, kan enigeen van die party tot so 'n geskil by die Arbeidsbetrekkingehof aansoek doen om 'n beslissing oor die geskil. Die Suid- Afrikaanse Wet op Arbeidsverhoudinge het egter twee nuwe strukture geskep, onderhandelingsrade en statutêre rade. Hierdie strukture verrig hoofsaaklik 'n geskilbyleggingsfunksie as deel van waarna in die wet as die selfreguleringsbeginsel verwys word en wat die hele wet versterk. Die Suid-Afrikaanse Wet op Arbeidsverhoudinge bevorder dus selfreguleringsbeginsels terwyl die Malawiese Wet op Arbeidsverhoudinge geskilbyleggingsmetodes deur statutêre strukture bevorder. Ingevolge beide wette het werknemers die reg om te staak en werkgewers het die reg om 'n uitsluitaksie te inisieer. Dit is belangrik om daarop te let dat in die geval van Malawi, sewe dae kennis gegee moet word voor dat die nywerheidsaksie ingestel kan word, en in Suid-Afrika word slegs 48 uur kennis verlang. Die Suid-Afrikaanse Wet op Arbeidsverhoudinge het werkplekforums ingestel met die doel om eensydige besluitneming deur werkgewers te voorkom of tot die minimum te beperk. Dit moedig dus werkerdeelname in bestuursbesluitneming deur werkplekforums aan. Die Malawiese Wet op Arbeidsverhoudinge het nie vir werkplekforums of enige soortgelyke struktuur voorsiening gemaak nie. Dit is 'n groot swakheid in die Malawiese Wet op Arbeidsverhoudinge omdat aanmoediging van werkerdeelname in bestuursbesluitneming straks instrumenteel kan wees in die vermindering van konflik in die werkplek en beide werknemers en werkgewers mekaar se strydende doelwitte kan waardeer. Anders as die nuwe Malawiese Wet op Arbeidsverhoudinge, het die nuwe Suid- Afrikaanse wet die Nywerheidshof vervang met 'n nuwe geskilbeslegtingstelsel in die vorm van 'n Kommissie vir Versoening, Bemiddeling en Arbitrasie, wat poog om geskille deur die proses van bemiddeling en arbitrasie by te lê. Die Suid-Afrikaanse Wet op Arbeidsverhoudinge bevat 'n hele hoofstuk oor onregverdige afdanking waar die Malawiese Wet op Arbeidsverhoudinge dié saak nie spesifiek aanroer nie. Wat die doeltreffendheid van die Malawiese arbeidsverhoudinge-stelsel betref, is verskeie aanbevelings op die volgende gebiede gedoen: • Vakbondverteenwoordiging • Werkplekforums • Kommissie vir Versoening, Bemiddeling en Arbitrasie • Onregverdige afdanking

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Michelotti, Marco 1970. "Changing employment protection systems : the comparative evolution of labour standards in Australia and Italy 1979 to 2000." Monash University, Dept. of Management, 2003. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/5612.

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Xi, Jing. "Industrial relations and human resources management : a comparative analysis of cultural barriers in Chinese companies." Thesis, London South Bank University, 2017. http://researchopen.lsbu.ac.uk/1973/.

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Given the impact of global commercialization, this research focuses on the multinational corporations (MNCs) and their subsidiaries in the newly developing transition economy in China, on the different forms of foreign direct investment (FDI) and joint-venture companies (JVCs). The conceptual models on which this research is based show that, in terms of industrial relations (IRs) and human resources management (HRM), culture and languages, as invisible and forgotten factors, play important roles in promoting or hindering managerial efficiency. The research objective is to determine whether or not the linguistic and cultural barriers have a significant influence on the MNCs in particular, IRs and HRM. As China transforms its economy, MNCs play a strategic role and, in order to acquire international competitive advantages, search for efficient IRs and HRM systems and practices. The research has identified a conceptual model that allows a hypothesis to be formed. The model has the advantage of combining cultural and linguistic factors, a synthesis so far largely ignored by researchers. It is designed to explain the shape of industrial relations institutions in the fields of bargaining, the amount of federal and government involvement, the existence of works councils, the payment structure, etc. It is suggested that, in the light of what has been learned from empirical studies (Warner, 1993; Greif, 1994; Globe, 1994; Child, 2003; Feely, 2003; Black, 2005), the research will explore how cultural factors in different stratifications have had an impact on FDI and JVCs industrial relations and HRM strategies in China. The empirical work mentioned has demonstrated a deficit of research focusing on culture and language so this research will make a valuable contribution to the field. To answer what role culture/language play and how and why, both quantitative and qualitative research methods are deemed suitable. Two typical MNCs, one located in Shanghai, the Yangtze Delta Zone and the other in Canton, the Pearl River Delta Zone, are planned to be used as subjects of case studies. The research also includes a survey by using questionnaires focusing on the mass FDIs and JVCs in east and south China. We therefore have two goals: first, to build up theories of culture and language functions in international management and present evidence scientifically for further research; second, to provide references for practitioners dealing in international business, especially those who work as expatriates in transition economies. This research is expected to contribute to both theory and practice in IRs and HRM management for Anglo-Saxon culture based MNCs in China.

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Faber, Pierre Anthony. "Industrial relations, flexibility, and the EU social dimension : a comparative study of British and German employer response to the EU social dimension." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1999. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:959fa1ee-cd08-450b-8e94-68b9858dd9e3.

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This study sets out to explore employer response to the EU social dimension, in answer to the question, "How are employers in the UK and Germany responding to the EU social dimension, and why?" Using case study evidence from nine large British and German engineering companies, as well as material from employers' associations at all levels, it is argued that there is little employer support for extending the social dimension. Focusing on micro-economic aspects of the debate, it is also argued that a common feature in both British and German employer opposition is a concern for the impact of EU industrial relations regulation on firm-level flexibility. This stands in direct contradiction of the EU Commission's own contentions about the flexibility-enhancing effects of its social policy measures, and appears paradoxical in light of earlier research findings of a German flexibility advantage over UK rivals on account of the country's well-structured regulatory framework for industrial relations. Evidence from participant companies, however, suggests that, in the global environment of the late 1990s, much of Germany's former flexibility advantage has been eroded, and the regulation-induced limitations on both the pace and scale of change are increasingly onerous to German companies. German managers perceive a need for targeted deregulatory reform of their industrial relations system; by strengthening (and often extending) existing industrial relations regulation, EU social policy measures meet with firm disapproval. In the UK, by contrast, the changed context has contributed to a significant increase in firm-level flexibility. British companies now operate to levels of flexibility often in advance of their German counterparts, at far lower 'cost' in terms of the time taken, and the extent to which change measures are compromised, to reach agreement. For British managers, EU social policy measures are perceived as a threat to these beneficial arrangements, and vigorously opposed. The thesis concludes by suggesting that such fixed opposition, in the face of Commission determination to extend the EU social dimension, points to an escalation of the controversy surrounding the social dimension.

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Colfer, Barry. "Trade union influence under austerity in Europe (2018-2016) : a study of Greece, Ireland and Belgium." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/287577.

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My PhD thesis concerns trade union responses to austerity in Belgium, Greece and Ireland (2008-2016). It explores the power resources trade unions in Europe have drawn on during these crisis years, and seeks to establish if unions are cultivating new sources of power and influence, as traditional sources wane. My research points to unions being under sustained pressure, but it also presents evidence of effective union revitalisation, including through the formation of new coalitions with civil society actors, through the use of innovative legal approaches to problem-solving, and with unions reaching out to new, often atypically-employed, groups of workers. Notably however, the national level remains the primary concern for unions, and the European Union (EU) level of action remains adjunct to what unions do.

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Nicolo, Rosetti. "EVALUATING TRADE UNION PERFORMANCE ACROSS INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS REGIMES：A comparative approach to quantitative analysis of outcomes associated with trade union membership." Kyoto University, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/253059.

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Vanommeslaghe, Laurence. "Les stratégies d'action ouvrières face aux menaces sur l'emploi en France et en Belgique (1996-2003) : étude ethnographique comparée de quatre conflits industriels." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009IEPP0043.

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Cette thèse de doctorat porte sur les réactions collectives des salariés frappés par la fermeture ou la restructuration de leur outil de production et, en conséquence, menacés de licenciement. Nous nous attachons à cerner les raisons de la résignation ou, au contraire, les ressorts des mouvements de protestation et des stratégies d’action mobilisées par les ouvriers de l’industrie, alors même que ceux-ci sont en mal de repères et que l’on constate un délitement de leur culture traditionnelle de lutte. Des enquêtes de terrain ont été menées sur la faillite des Forges de Clabecq, la délocalisation de trois usines de Levi’s, la restructuration de deux unités sidérurgiques continentales du groupe Arcelor et la liquidation judiciaire de l’usine Cellatex. Nos recherches s’inscrivent dans une perspective comparatiste France/Belgique, car nous avions formulé l’hypothèse que les organisations syndicales et leur degré de collaboration avec l’Etat n'étaient pas sans incidences sur l’intensité et la configuration des mouvements sociaux. Or, ces deux pays présentent, à cet égard, des systèmes extrêmement contrastés. Une seconde clé de compréhension réside dans l’ancrage local et les caractéristiques lourdes des bassins d’emplois. Enfin, l’entreprise elle-même, son histoire industrielle et sociale, son image locale, sa politique de gestion de la main-d’œuvre façonnent le patrimoine identitaire, les valeurs, la culture collective du personnel et sa perception des rapports de classe. Aussi accordons-nous une attention toute particulière aux effets du nouveau management sur la cohésion du collectif d'entreprise et, partant, sur son potentiel de mobilisation
This doctoral thesis deals with the collective response of employees hit by the closure or restructuring of their production tool, putting them at risk of losing their job. We have sought to identify the reasons for resignation or, on the contrary, the inspiration behind protest movements and response strategies put together by industry workers, at a time when such workers are to an extent losing their bearings and their traditional culture of struggle has been eroding. Field studies were carried out on the collapse of Forges de Clabecq, the offshoring of three Levi’s factories, the restructuring of two continental steel plants belonging to Arcelor and the receivership of the Cellatex factory. Our research was framed by a comparison between France and Belgium, as our hypothesis was that unions and the degree with which they work with the state have an impact on the intensity and form of labour movements. In this respect, France and Belgium offer highly contrasting systems. A second key to understanding this phenomenon is the local environment and the underlying characteristics of different employment basins. Lastly, the company itself, its industrial and social history, its local image and its human resources management policies forge the identity, values, collective culture and the perception of class relations of its employees. For this reason, we attach especial importance to the impact of new management on the company’s collective cohesiveness and, accordingly, its mobilisation potential

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O'Hagan, Emer. "Industrial relations within the integrating European Union : a comparative study of two peripheral economies, Ireland and Hungary." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.301032.

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Timming, Andrew Richard. "Identity and trust in comparative industrial relations : a case study of an Anglo-Dutch European works council." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.614218.

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Benhaim, Martine. "Les relations inter-firmes dans l'industrie de la construction : vers l'émergence de réseaux, une étude comparative France - Royaume Uni." Aix-Marseille 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998AIX24005.

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L'analyse de l'existant en matière de partenariat dans le domaine de la construction en France et au Royaume Uni a été menée grâce aux concepts tires des trois principaux corpus théorisant l'émergence et la mise en oeuvre de réseaux/coopérations d'entreprises : la sociologie des organisations, l'économie industrielle et le management stratégique. L'un des objectifs de cette recherche a été de montrer que les conditions d'émergence de réseaux dans la construction sont liées à l'état présent de cette industrie, résultat de stratégies individuelles menées depuis environ 25 ans par les grandes entreprises générales. En effet, la fragmentation constatée dans cette industrie - largement induite par la position dominante des entreprises générales, leurs options en matière de sous-traitance, et l'état du marché depuis le milieu des années 70 - a contribué à créer les conditions pour qu'un véritable cercle vicieux s'instaure dans le système constitué par les acteurs participant aux projets de construction. Ce cercle vicieux modifie la nature des relations inter-firmes et dégrade les conditions de production, faisant apparaître de multiples dysfonctionnements durant le processus de production et des problèmes de qualité au cours du cycle de vie du bâti ou de l'ouvrage réalisé. Une présentation historique de l'industrie de la construction en France et au Royaume Uni a révélé des similitudes dans l'évolution des deux industries nationales, avec cependant des variantes en ce qui concerne le rôle des acteurs et leur influence sur le processus de production. La dernière forme organisationnelle observable dans l'industrie de la construction - le partenariat de production, tendant vers une forme plus ou moins stable de réseau - adoptée par un très petit nombre de firmes françaises dans les années 1980 et par des entreprises générales pionnières au Royaume Uni depuis 1994, semble apporter d'autres éléments de réponse, autour d'un mode de relations différent entre les acteurs du processus de construction. Pour conclure, les trois approches théoriques sollicitées pour décrire l'émergence de réseaux ont été testées pour tenter de déterminer celle qui peut fournir un cadre interprétatif satisfaisant pour la situation relevée dans le domaine de la construction

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Kiblitskaya, Marina. "Formal and informal relations : comparative case studies of the privatisation of Russian and British railway repair plants." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1997. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/108488/.

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The thesis examines the role of formal and informal relations in the social organisation of production through a case study of two railway repair plants, one in Britain and one in Russia, both of which privatised in the course of the research. Although many Western commentators have noted the importance of informal relations in the social organisation of production, very little systematic research has been devoted to this theme, while in Russia it has only just begun to be a legitimate object of research. Moreover, most of the studies of informal relations have viewed their role within the framework of workers’ resistance rather than seeing them as a universal aspect of social organisation which perform functions for all actors and which are a contested terrain. This thesis studies informal relations as a field of conflict and compromise between workers and managers. The thesis is based on fieldwork carried out in both plants over the period 1993-7. In each case special attention is paid to a number of key areas of informal organisation: the management of the production process, the determination of wages, the differentiation of the labour force, the role of line managers and relations with customers. Both enterprises were state enterprises at the beginning of the research and were surprisingly similar, with a very formal hierarchical management structure and an extensive network of informal relations. The rigid planning system led to similar problems of meeting the plan, and similar informal solutions to those problems. In both plants the initial preparation for privatisation was associated with formal initiatives to restructure the internal relations of the plant, but these had very little impact. The striking contrast came when the plants were fully privatised. While privatisation for the Russian plant was a means of consolidating its privileged monopoly position, leading to few real changes within the plant, the British plant was subjected to a very radical restructuring which sharply reduced the significance of informal relations, although these changes were not made without resistance and informal relations began to take on new forms. In both plants the power of workers was at the same time being sharply reduced by the growing threat of redundancy.

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Santos, Glicia Vieira dos. "Globalização, estrategias gerenciais e trabalhadores : um estudo comparativo da industria brasileira de celulose." [s.n.], 2005. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/279824.

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Orientador: Angela Maria Carneiro Araujo
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas
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Resumo: Esta tese analisa, a partir do local de trabalho e da percepção dos trabalhadores, os efeitos da globalização e da reestruturação produtiva para a produção, os trabalhadores da indústria de processo contínuo expostas ao comércio internacional e os sindicatos papeleiros. A hipótese central é a de que as mudanças associadas à globalização têm um rebatimento importante no interior das fábricas, modificando a correlação de forças entre os diversos atores envolvidos na produção e tendo na participação da mão-de-obra uma mediadora não-desprezível. A reestruturação na indústria de celulose e papel alcançou um amplo espectro: desde a reestruturação das cadeias produtivas no plano internacional, passando pela redefinição das estratégias gerenciais das empresas, ultrapassando os limites de suas fronteiras com mudanças nas relações com as comunidades locais e as firmas que integram a cadeia de fornecimento de produtos e serviços e, contemplando ainda, a reformulação das estratégias sindicais. Decisões gerenciais ¿técnicas¿ que ocultam uma dimensão ¿política¿ alteraram as relações de poder entre chefes, engenheiros e trabalhadores do chão-de-fábrica. Os procedimentos metodológicos adotados para a elaboração deste trabalho compreenderam: pesquisa bibliográfica, pesquisa de campo, pesquisa documental, análise de estatísticas sobre o mercado de trabalho, visitas a fábricas e sindicatos e entrevistas
Abstract: This thesis analyzes, from the perspective of the workplace and the frame of reference of employees, the effects of globalization and of productive restructuring on production, on the employees involved in industries that employ continuous processes and on the unions of the pulp and paper sector. The central hypothesis is that the changes linked to globalization have had a significant effect inside the factories, modifying the correlation of the strength of the many diverse players involved in production and they have also had a relevant mediating effect in terms of the participation of labor. The restructuring has reached a broad scope: going from the restructuring of the production chains, on an international scale, to the redefinition of the management strategies of the industries, and reaching beyond the industries internal boundaries through the changes brought on with respect to the communities and the companies that make up the supply chain and, also taking into consideration the reformulation of the strategies taken up by the unions. ¿Technical¿ management decisions that conceal a ¿political¿ dimension have altered the relationships of power among the bosses, engineers and other employees. The methodological procedures adopted include: bibliographical research as well as that of documentation, fieldwork, the analysis of statistics regarding the labor market, visits to factories and unions and interviews
Doutorado
Ciencias Sociais
Doutor em Ciências Sociais

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18

Royle, Tony. "Globalisation, convergence and the McDonald's Corporation : industrial relations and the multi-national enterprise in Germany and the UK, a comparative study." Thesis, Nottingham Trent University, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.363334.

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19

Chen, Tzung-wen. "Industrial innovation and innovation community : studies on the semiconductor industry in Taiwan and the vaccine industry in France." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008IEPP0004.

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Ayant acquis une position reconnue dans le domaine de la recherche sur l’innovation depuis les années 90, la notion de « système d’innovation » est devenu l’outil dominant pour expliquer l’innovation industrielle. Cependant, le cadre d’analyse universel que constitue le système d’innovation ne peut pas expliquer pourquoi, dans un même contexte, certaines innovations industrielles peuvent réussir et d’autres pas. Essentiellement basé sur des organisations formelles, il ne prend pas en compte la notion de pouvoir et ignore l’effet de conflit qui joue un rôle important dans l’innovation industrielle. Les cas de la fonderie de semi-conducteurs et la conception de puces semiconductrices à Taiwan, présentés dans la première partie de la thèse, ainsi que le cas des vaccins BCG, Mutagrip, Hevac B, Prevenar et Gardasil en France qui constitue la deuxième partie de la thèse, démontrent la part significative de la dimension sociologique dans l’histoire de chaque innovation industrielle. L’innovation industrielle est une action collective qui dépasse les frontières organisationnelles et va à l’encontre de l’ordre actuel. Mais elle n’est pas sans discipline pour autant. Entre la structure formelle et la liberté des acteurs innovants, il existe une forme d’actions collectives qui réunit les intérêts des acteurs pour la réalisation d’une innovation industrielle. Ces actions, selon la thèse, sont constituantes d’une communauté d’innovation. C’est un « ordre local » construit par des acteurs clef de chaque innovation qui, en profitant de leurs pouvoirs dans le système des organisations formelles, cherchent des opportunités pour mobiliser des ressources nécessaires pour des activités innovantes. La thèse propose donc un modèle d’innovation industrielle, de bas en haut, basé sur l’action plutôt que l’acteur, qui sert à répondre aux questions que rencontre le système d’innovation en expliquant l’innovation industrielle
The concept of "innovation system" has acquired a dominating position in the field of innovation research since the 1990s. However, this perspective can not explain why in the same context some industrial innovations can succeed and others do not. Mainly based on formal organizations, the concept of innovation system does not take into account the notion of power and ignores the effect of conflict that plays an important role in industrial innovation. The cases of the semiconductor foundry and the IC design sectors in Taiwan presented in the first part of the thesis, as well as the cases of vaccines such as BCG, Mutagrip, Hevac B, Prevenar and Gardasil in the French vaccine industry which constitute the second part of the thesis, demonstrate the significance of sociological factors in the history of each industrial innovation. The industrial innovation is a collective action that goes beyond the organizational boundaries and goes against the actual order. But it is not without discipline. Between the formal structure and the freedom of innovators, there is a form of collective action which meets the interests of actors for the achievement of an industrial innovation. These actions, according to the thesis, were constituent of an innovation community. It is a local order established by key players of each innovation, taking advantage of their powers in the system of formal organizations, pursuing opportunities to mobilize the necessary resources for innovation activities. The thesis therefore propose a bottom-up model of industrial innovation, based on the action rather than the actor, which can help overcome the problems faced by the innovation system in explaining industrial innovation

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Bourque, Reynald. "Les relations industrielles et l'emploi dans la construction navale en France et au Québec de 1970 à 1988 : essai d'analyse stratégique comparative." Aix-Marseille 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990AIX24008.

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La thèse a pour objet l'analyse comparative des politiques industrielles et des politiques d'emploi dans la construction navale en France et au Québec de 1970 à 1988, période caractérisée par une crise aiguë de la construction navale à l'échelle mondiale. A partir d'une analyse des stratégies et des interactions des acteurs gouvernementaux, patronaux et syndicaux au niveau de la branche des entreprises de construction navale dans les deux pays, l'étude vise à identifier les principaux facteurs explicatifs des convergences et des divergences nationales au chapitre de politique industrielles et des politiques d'emploi au cours de la période étudiée. La principale conclusion de cette recherche est que si les analyses gouvernementales, patronales et syndicales de la crise de la construction navale sont très semblables des positions dans les deux pays, les moyens d'action et les mesures mises en oeuvre pour gérer le déclin de l'emploi sont très variables d'un pays à l'autre. Ces différences résultent principalement du cadre légal et institutionnel des relations du travail dans chacun des pays qui oriente les stratégies d'action et influence les niveaux et les formes d'interventions des acteurs sociaux
The thesis conducts a comparative analysis of industrial and manpower policies in the French and Canadian shipbuilding industries covering the period 1970 to 1988; that period is characterized by a severe crisis in shipbuilding throughout the world. The study analyzes the strategies and relationships existing between the main actors in the industry-government, employers and unions in both countries. The goal of the analysis is to identify the most important variables explaining national variations in industrial and manpower policies. The main conclusion of the study is that confronted by deteriorating economic conditions, despite the relative convergence of the economic and manpower objectives of the actors, there exist a great deal of divergence in the policies and measures put in place in the two countries. Those differences might be explained principally by the legal and institutional industrial relations framework shaping the behaviour of the actors in both countries

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Bostoen, Koen. "Etude comparative et historique du vocabulaire relatif à la poterie en Bantou." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211204.

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Le présent ouvrage envisage la présentation des conclusions comparatives résultant de l’inventaire systématique et de l’analyse linguistique du vocabulaire relatif à la poterie en bantou. À partir des données comparatives provenant de l’ensemble des langues bantoues actuellement documentées, l’organisation interne et l’évolution historique de ce domaine particulier de vocabulaire technique sont examinées. Portant sur la lexicologie diachronique, l’étude associe une approche onomasiologique et une approche sémasiologique. Non seulement plusieurs reconstructions formelles sont proposées à différents niveaux chronologiques et géographiques, mais ceux-ci font également l’objet d’une analyse sémantique approfondie. Les quatre chapitres de la thèse traitent du lexique portant sur cinq catégories conceptuelles majeures du champ sémantique en question :le travail de la poterie lui-même, l’artisan, les matières premières, les différents types de produits finis et enfin les procédés et outils typiques de la chaîne opératoire céramique. Les résultats obtenus sont confrontés aux modèles historiques et culturels apportés par les approches spécifiques aux études archéologiques et ethnoarchéologiques d’une part, et d’autre part, aux connaissances qui découlent de l’étude comparative du vocabulaire bantou relatif à d’autres techniques. Dans un cadre plus général, l’étude aboutit à quelques réflexions sur les rapports qu’entretiennent les langues et les cultures de même qu’à quelques propositions en vue de l’approfondissement de la méthode ‘Wörter und Sachen’. Ainsi, elle met en lumière certains traits méthodologiques spécifiques à l’exploitation des vocabulaires techniques dans la reconstruction de l’histoire très ancienne des sociétés dépourvues de traditions écrites et de vestiges iconographiques.
Doctorat en philosophie et lettres, Orientation linguistique
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

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Schulze-Marmeling, Sebastian. "Conflict at work and external dispute settlement : a cross-country comparison." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2013. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/conflict-at-work-and-external-dispute-settlement--a-crosscountry-comparison(f7b7c186-5541-418e-be6a-3bc3b6b311fa).html.

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The focus of both academic and public debate on the expression of work-related conflict has long been focused on strikes. Substantial declines in collective disputes have been associated with more harmonious and less conflict-laden employment relations. This research deals with another, often forgotten form in which conflict is manifested, namely the settlement of individual conflicts through labour courts or employment tribunals. Its aim is to explore and explain differences in application rates to national judicial bodies both across countries and over time. Using a novel database on 23 European Union Member States, it is found that a substantial degree of variance exists; claim rates across Europe differ substantially, and countries have developed along different lines. The explosion of court applications is found to be exceptional, and stability or volatility is identified in the large bulk of EU Member States. In order to explain cross-sectional and time differences, the research draws on wide range of literature, develops a new procedural concept of conflict, and proposes a comparative neo-institutionalist framework accounting for both institutions and actors. The theoretical discussion elaborates three sets of arguments to predict claim incidence. First, it is argued that the existence of comprehensive collective industrial relations institutions, particularly employee workplace representation and collective agreements, tend to reduce the frequency of labour court claims. Second, the amount and complexity of employment regulation is argued to have an impact on the incidence of court applications. Finally, cyclical economic conditions and individual characteristics of the potential grievant are expected to predict the phenomenon. Empirical evidence is presented from a range of different data sources, such as national administrative data and large-scale surveys for three country case studies on France, Germany and the United Kingdom. Findings support that all three sets of explanations contribute to the explanation of the incidence of labour court claims. Moreover, data seem to confirm the need for an interdisciplinary approach drawing on different bodies of literature.

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Chahkar, Mian Poshteh Benjamin. "L'étude du secret commercial et industriel : approche comparatiste en droit civil par l'exemple de sa relation avec la propriété intellectuelle (France et Québec)." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/34654.

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Le but de ce mémoire, à l’heure où la directive européenne n°2016/943 est sur le point d’être transposée en France, est de constater que le secret de commerce est une part essentielle de la stratégie des entreprises. Cela est vrai aussi bien en France qu’au Québec. Le secret de commerce entretient une relation ambivalente avec le droit de la propriété intellectuelle dont l’étude fait l’objet de ce mémoire. Il est donc procédé à la précision de la nature du secret de commerce par référence aux droits de la propriété intellectuelle tout en observant comment la pratique agence ces deux types de protections. Les aspects civils de ce régime de protection de fait sont étudiés au sein des deux juridictions afin d’observer pourquoi les entreprises se trouvent attirées vers ce régime pouvant sembler, a priori, fragile et risqué. Nous en concluons que le secret de commerce est un mode de protection efficace des actifs intellectuels de l’entreprise, permettant de compléter les droits de la propriété intellectuelle, et que l’influence de ces derniers sur le régime a permis de le rendre plus attirant pour les entreprises.

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Dupuis, Mathieu. "Crises, restructurations et relations industrielles dans l'industrie automobile nord-américaine : une étude comparative-historique des relations du travail de la General Motors Corporation et de Chrysler, c. 1973-2009." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27529/27529.pdf.

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Freire, Fátima de Souza. "L'influence de la globalisation économique et de la dynamique des avantages comparatifs dans le secteur textile international et brésilien." Toulouse 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998TOU10037.

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Nous nous proposons de faire une étude des impacts du processus de la globalisation économique dans le secteur textile international et brésilien dans le contexte conceptuel de la théorie des avantages comparatifs. Nous avons utilisé comme matériel de recherche une multitude de données statistiques sur le commerce textile international, ainsi que les réponses recueillies lors de deux enquêtes réalisées dans plusieurs industries textiles brésiliennes. Les conclusions suggèrent que dans les pays développés, la dépendance des industries textiles par rapport à l'approvisionnement en matière première ainsi que le coût élevé de la main d'œuvre ne sont plus compensés par des gains de productivité liés à l'utilisation d'une technologie textile de pointe. Il s'agit de facteurs déterminants de la perte de leur compétitivité dans le secteur. Quant aux pays en voie de développement, l'existence d'une main d'œuvre bon marché aussi bien que la productivité des équipements utilisés sont fondamentaux pour garantir la compétitivité de leur industrie textile. Dans le cas particulier du Brésil, la façon dont est gérée son insertion dans le processus de globalisation économique facilite la modernisation des équipements de ses industries textiles. Toutefois les répercussions ont été désastreuses pour la culture cotonnière du pays, cette gestion étant la principale responsable de la chute de plus de 60% de la production brésilienne de coton de 1993 à 1996. Des problèmes similaires commencent également à surgir dans le domaine des fibres synthétiques et celui de la confection. Nous en avons déduit que le processus de globalisation économique fait, des tendances à long terme du marché textile, des éléments clés de l'élaboration de stratégies compétitives. Il impose, en outre, une dynamique prononcée aux avantages comparatifs des pays. Le processus de globalisation devient donc un facteur déterminant non seulement des stratégies d'approvisionnement en matière première textile, mais aussi de la technologie la plus compétitive possible et enfin, des limites de coût destiné à la rémunération de la main d'œuvre
We perform a study of the impacts of the economic globalization process on the international and the Brazilian textile sector within the conceptual framework of the comparative advantage theory. We have used as research background a profusion of statistical data concerning the international textile trade, as well as the answers of two questionnaires that were applied to a certain number of Brazilian textile industries. Our results indicate that the dependence of the textile industries localized in developed countries on the raw material and on the work force cost are the main contributing factors to their loss of competitive power. These factors are not counterbalanced any more by the productivity gains generated by their modem textile technology. In the case of developing countries, not only their low cost work force but also the modernisation of their textile machinery is crucial to strength the international level competitiveness of their textile industries. In the specific case of Brazil, the way the government administration is opening the country to the economic globalization process helps the Brazilian textile industry to modernise its machinery, with favourable effects on the performance of its yam an- fabric plants. However, it is imposing a disastrous effect on the Brazilian cotton yields, being the main responsible for a cotton production decrease about 60% during the 1993 1996 period. Similar problems concerning the production of synthetic fibres and clothes begin also to occur. We conclude that the economic globalization process turns the long time tendencies in the international textile market into key elements of strategic competitiveness, and imposes a noticeable dynamic to the comparative advantage of the countries in the textile sector. It is going to be fundamental not only to determine the textile raw material supply strategies, but also to indicate the most appropriate textile technology to be used, and finally the constraints on the work force payment costs

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Fröhard, Jaime Andrés Castro. "Trajetórias de acumulação de capacidades inovadoras, mecanismos de aprendizagem e fatores organizacionais relativos a atividades em gestão de projetos: estudo de caso comparativo inter-empresarial na indústria de bens de capital e de celulose e papel no Brasil." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/3950.

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Over the last 40 years there has been a profusion of studies about the ccumulation of technological capacities in firms from developing economies. However, there remain few studies that examine, on a combined basis, the relationship among: the trajectories of technological capacities accumulation; the underlying learning mechanisms; and, the implications of organizational factors for these two variables. Still scarcer are the studies that examine the relationship among these variables along time and based on a comparative case study. This dissertation examines the relationship among the trajectory of accumulation of innovative capacities in complex project management, the learning mechanisms underlying these technological capacities and the intra-organizational factors that influence these learning echanisms. That set of relationships is examined through a comparative and a long-term (1988-2008) case study in a capital goods firm (for the pulp and paper industry) and a pulp mill in Brazil. Based on first-hand quantitative and qualitative empiric evidence, gathered through extensive field research, this dissertation found: 1. Both firms accumulated innovative capacity in project management at the international frontier level (Level 6). However, there was variability between the firms in terms of the nature and speed of accumulation of those capacities. It was also observed that, at this level of innovation, the innovative capacities of both firms are not confined to their organizational boundaries, but they are distributed beyond their boundaries. 2. So that these companies could accumulate those levels of innovative capacities it was necessary to manage several learning mechanisms: leveraging of external knowledge and its internalization in terms of internal apacities of the firm. In other words, as the companies accumulated more innovative levels of capacities for project management, it was necessary to manage different cycles of technological learning. 3. Further, the relationship between the ccumulation of technological capacities and learning was affected positively by intra-organizational factors, such as 'authority disposition', 'mutability of work roles' and 'intensity of internal crises', and negatively by the factor 'singularity of goals'. This dissertation revealed divergent results between firms in two of the four factors studied. These results contribute to advance our understanding of the complexity and variability involved in the process of accumulation of innovative capacities in firms from developing economies. This highlights the growing importance of the organizational and the human resource dimensions of innovation and technological capacity as the company approaches the international frontier. The results suggest to managers that: (i) the good performance in project management in the two firms studied did not occur simply as a result of the pulp and paper Brazilian industry growth, rather as a result of the deliberate construction and accumulation of the capacities through an intensive and coordinated cyclical process of technological learning, (ii) to develop innovative capabilities in project management, besides looking for learning mechanisms they should also look at the organizational factors that influence the learning mechanisms directly, (iii) performance of pulp mill¿s projects is better when projects are implemented together with technology suppliers than when performed only by the mill. This dissertation concludes that capital goods firms have been having a fundamental role for the innovative capabilities accumulation in project management of pulp mills in Brazil (and vice-versa) for a long time. This contradicts some authors' propositions that affirm that: a) equipment suppliers for the pulp and paper industry have been creating little, if any, development of processes or engineering projects in Brazil; b) firms in the pulp and paper industry have little capacity for machinery and equipments projects only taking place in few technological activities, being internal or external to the firm. Finally, some studies are proposed for future research.
Ao longo dos últimos 40 anos tem havido uma profusão de estudos sobre acumulação de capacidades tecnológicas em empresas de economias emergentes. Porém, ainda são escassos os estudos que examinem, de maneira conjunta, o relacionamento entre trajetórias de acumulação de capacidades tecnológicas, os mecanismos subjacentes de aprendizagem e as implicações de fatores organizacionais sobre essas duas variáveis. Mais escassos ainda são estudos que examinem o relacionamento entre essas três variáveis ao longo do tempo e à base de estudo de caso comparativo. Esta dissertação examina o relacionamento entre a trajetória de acumulação de capacidades inovadoras em gestão de projetos complexos, os mecanismos de aprendizagem subjacentes a essas capacidades tecnológicas e os fatores intra-organizacionais que influenciam esses mecanismos de aprendizagem. Esse conjunto de relacionamentos é examinado por meio de estudo de caso comparativo e de longo prazo (1988-2008) numa empresa de bens de capital (para a indústria de celulose e papel) e numa empresa produtora de celulose no Brasil. Baseando-se em evidências empíricas qualitativas e quantitativas, de primeira mão, coletadas por meio de um extenso trabalho de campo, esta issertação encontrou: 1. As duas empresas acumularam capacidade inovadora em gestão de projetos em nível da fronteira internacional (Nível 6). Porém, houve variablidade entre as empresas em termos da natureza e velocidade de acumulação dessas capacidades. Observou-se ainda que, neste nível de inovação, as capacidades inovadoras de ambas as empresas não se confinam às suas fronteiras organizacionais, mas encontram-se distribuídas além de suas fronteiras. 2. A fim de que essas empresas pudessem acumular esses níveis de capacidades inovadoras foi necessária uma gestão de vários mecanismos de aprendizagem: da alavancagem de conhecimentos externos à sua internalização em termos de capacidades internas da empresa. Em outras palavras, à medida que as empresas acumulavam níveis mais inovadores de capacidades para gestão de projetos, era necessário administrar diferentes ciclos de aprendizagem tecnológica. 3. Por sua vez, o relacionamento entre acumulação de capacidades tecnológicas e aprendizagem foi afetado positivamente por fatores intra-organizacionais, tais como `disposição de autoridade¿, `mutabilidade de tarefas¿ e `intensidade de crises internas¿, e negativamente por o fator `singularidade dos objetivos¿. Mostrou-se que as duas empresas se envolveram de maneira diferente com dois dos quatro fatores estudados por esta dissertação. Esses resultados contribuem para avançar nosso entendimento da complexidade e variabilidade envolvida no processo de acumulação de capacidades inovadoras em empresas de economias emergentes. Chama a atenção, a crescente importância da dimensão organizacional e de recursos humanos da inovação e da capacidade tecnológica à medida que a empresa aproxima-se da fronteira internacional. Os resultados sugerem aos gestores que: (i) a boa performance em gestão de projetos nas duas empresas estudadas não ocorreu simplesmente como resultado do crescimento da indústria de celulose e papel brasileira, e sim como resultado da construção e acumulação deliberada de capacidades tecnológicas; (ii) para desenvolver capacidade inovadora em gestão de projetos, além de olhar para os mecanismos de aprendizagem devem também olhar para os fatores organizacionais que influenciam diretamente os mecanismos de aprendizagem; (iii) o desempenho em projetos de uma empresa produtora de celulose é melhor quando projetos são executados em conjunto com os fornecedores de tecnologia do que quando executados somente pela empresa. Este estudo conclui, que, empresas de bens de capital têm tido ao longo do tempo um papel fundamental para a acumulação de capacidades inovadoras em gestão de projetos de empresas produtoras de celulose no Brasil (e vice-versa). Isto contradiz proposições de autores que afirmam que: a) fornecedores de equipamento da indústria de celulose e papel têm criado pouco, senão nenhum, desenvolvimento de processos ou projetos de engenharia no Brasil; b) em empresas na indústria de bens de capital existe uma relativa capacidade para projetos de maquinaria e equipamentos se realizando só umas poucas atividades tecnológicas, sendo internas ou externas à firma. Finalmente são propostos alguns estudos para pesquisa futura.

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Diallo, Mouhamadou Lamine. "Activités extractives et dynamiques territoriales au Sénégal : étude comparative entre l'or et le phosphate." Thesis, Paris 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA010632.

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Cette thèse étudie les transformations économiques, sociales et environnementales liées à l’insertion des industries extractives dans leurs territoires d’accueil au Sénégal. Notre hypothèse part du principe que les réformes néolibérales notées dans le secteur minier en Afrique depuis les années 1980 se traduisent par la construction d’enclaves extractives très faiblement intégrées dans le système économique local. Or, les projets d’exploitation minière sont la source importante d’attentes de développement des populations riveraines. En effet, les modalités d’insertion minière s’accompagnent d’une part, d’effets irréversibles sur l’environnement et sur la population (expropriation des moyens de subsistances locaux, pollutions, déplacement des populations). D’autre part, les impacts induits par l’exploitation minière se manifestent sous différentes formes de compensations collectives et individuelles de la part des compagnies minières. Pour analyser ces effets contradictoires des activités extractives nous avons une démarche comparative et s’appuyant sur deux exploitations de natures différentes (or et phosphate) et d’âges différents situées dans des régions distinctes (ouest et sud-est) opposées par de profondes disparités économiques, sociales et démographiques. L’analyse des transformations locales liées à l’exploitation de l’or et du phosphate s’appuie sur des données de terrain accueillies par des enquêtes qualitatives dans les villages affectés par l’extraction minière et des concepts en vogue dans le secteur extractif (arène locale, frontière minière, enclave archipel). Ainsi, cette thèse s’articule autour de trois parties. La première partie décrit les enjeux de développement associés aux industries extractives dans les régions étudiées. La seconde aborde les effets des mines sur l’économie locale et la compétition pour l’appropriation des ressources qui en résulte. La troisième partie s’intéresse aux jeux de pouvoir entre les différents acteurs du secteur minier à l’échelle locale notamment dans un contexte de décentralisation. Les résultats de cette analyse pourraient favoriser une meilleure prise en charge des effets des projets miniers sur les conditions de vie des riverains de la part de l’État du Sénégal, mais aussi améliorer les cadres de concertation autour des sites miniers
This thesis focuses on the economic, social, environmental changes sparked by extractive factories in their home territories at Senegal. Our hypothesis assumes that neoliberal reforms noted in the mining sector in Africa since the 1980s tend to favor the constrcution of extractive enclaves that maintain weak ties with the economy at the local level. Yet, the mining projects arouse expectations of development of local residents. Indeed, the inclusion methods of mining are characterized on the one hand, by irreversible impacts on the environment and on the people (the expropriation of local ressources polution, population displacement). On the other hand, the iimpacts induced by mining resulting in various forms of collective and individual compensation from the mining companies. To analyse these contradictory impacts of extractive activities we chose a comparative approach based on two exploitations of different types (gold and phosphate) and located in different areas (west and south-east), opposed by deep economic, social and demographic inequalities. The analysis of local changes related to the exploitation of gold and phosphate is based on field date collected through qualitative surveys conducted in the villages affected by mining activities and key concepts (local arena, mining frontier, mining enclave, Archipelago) This thesis is thus structured into three parts. The first part describes the development challenges associated with extractive companies in the area of investigation. The second focuses on the local implications of mining activities in terms of competition for the appropriation of resources. The third part deals with the power relationships between the various stakeholders in the mining sector at the local level in the decentralization context. The results of this analysis could promote better management of the effects of mining enhance consultation frameworks on mining sites

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Ambroisine, Joel. "Les relations professionnelles dans le milieu associatif. Analyse comparative entre la France, l'Espagne et le Royaume-Uni. Le cas des communautés du mouvement associatif "EMMAUS"." Thesis, Paris 3, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA030091/document.

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Les structures de l’Economie sociale et solidaire ont développé des relations professionnelles au fil de l’histoire sociale, de l’évolution des différentes formes de regroupements, et adaptées au cours des cycles économiques. Ces relations se sont transformées afin de satisfaire différents besoins et de couvrir différents risques. L’Abbé Pierre, fondateur du Mouvement Emmaüs a créé une structure permettant la protection sociale et l’emploi des populations exclues. Cette structure s’inspire d’anciennes formes de structures solidaires, les communautés ; et d’anciennes pratiques économiques, celles des chiffonniers. Les Communautés pratiquent une politique de "flexicurité" au niveau des conditions de travail. En effet, elles emploient des salariés, des bénévoles, mais aussi un troisième acteur : le Compagnon. Celui-ci est à la fois bénéficiaire d’une aide solidaire, et travailleur dans la structure qui lui fournit cette aide. Les Communautés sont des structures productives et solidaires, soumises à des obligations de rentabilité économique et de protection sociale. La comparaison entre la France, l’Espagne et le Royaume-Uni permet de voir l’évolution des relations de travail dans ces structures, selon des contextes économiques différents. La rationalité des communautés évolue selon leurs positions au coeur des différents marchés. Plus une Communauté s’éloigne de l’idéologie solidaire du mouvement, plus elle adopte des principes marchands. Cette flexibilité détermine la trajectoire professionnelle des Compagnons et les régimes communautaires de protection solidaire, créées par Emmaüs
The Third Sector Structures have developed a form of Industrial Relations, linked to the Social Movement History; based on the evolution of different Cooperative groups; and adapted over the business cycle. This Relation System improves the well-being of individuals and Groups, it has evolved to suit social needs and to cover various risks. Abbé Pierre, founder of the Emmaus Movement has created a Structure providing supportive environment, social benefits and work for homeless people. This structure is similar to old forms of Charity and Cooperative structure, "Communities". It deals with old economic activities, those of "Ragpickers". Emmaüs Communities practice "Flexicurity" working policies. Indeed, they have staffs, volunteers, but also a third type of worker: the Companion. The Companion is both Social beneficiary and Worker in the structure that provides him Social benefits. Communities are both supportive and productive structures, dealing with Industrial and Welfare requirements. The comparison between France, Spain and the UK shows the evolution of Industrial Relations into the Communities, within different economical contexts. The Community’ Strategy evolves according to their positions on the Market. "The far, a Community is from Emmaus Movement’s Ideology, the more it adopts market principles". This flexibility determines the Career path of Companions. It conditions the Communities Welfare and Solidarity System

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Socher, Ulrich. "La face cachée de l'autonomie : management et performance des équipes autonomes dans deux alumineries, en France et au Canada (Québec)." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000IEPP0014.

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La mise en place d'équipes autonomes se traduit, du fait de l'abolition de la fonction de chef de poste, par un accroissement des interdépendances au niveau des opérateurs de production. Ces nouvelles interdépendances sont à l'origine de régulations et normes sociales spécifiques à l'échelle des équipes. Ce processus se traduit par une tendance forte à la différenciation des équipes autonomes. Les observations dans deux usines d'aluminium montrent cependant que le niveau de différenciation des équipes demeure très inégal selon les différents ateliers et que ces différences peuvent être reliées à la cohérence de l'environnement organisationnel des équipes au sein des différents secteurs de production. L'environnement des équipes forme un espace d'autonomie et l'articulation des trois dimensions de cet espace - le changement organisationnel, l'organisation de la hiérarchie et le système de relations professionnelles - est révélatrice de sa cohérence. L'espace d'autonomie influence directement le comportement de groupe des équipes autonomes et la cohérence de cet espace devient source d'autorité et de pouvoir. L'articulation entre les équipes et leur environnement constitue la face cachée de l'autonomie, qui trop souvent reste focalisée, dans la conception des managers et consultants, sur les seules équipes de travail.

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Silva, Luís Filipe Reis da. "Desenvolvimento colaborativo de novos produtos: perspetivas comparativas da colaboração, do envolvimento e do alinhamento." Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/23749.

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Doutoramento em Marketing e Estratégia
Propósito: O objetivo principal desta tese é comparar a forma de colaboração, o tipo de envolvimento e o alinhamento efetuados pelas empresas industriais no desenvolvimento colaborativo de novos produtos (DCNP). Para o efeito foram desenvolvidos três estudos sistematizados para aferir sobre o relacionamento fornecedor-cliente, de acordo com o tamanho das empresas e a inovação gerada. Metodologia: Este estudo exploratório, desenvolvido com base numa pesquisa qualitativa, utiliza uma purposive sampling composta por empresas industriais. Os dados obtidos nas empresas analisadas, através de entrevistas semiestruturadas, contribuíram para a elaboração de casos para estudo. Principais resultados: Os resultados permitiram concluir que: (1) o DCNP é mais ativo a montante do que a jusante quando a colaboração entre as empresas industriais e entre estas e os fornecedores de serviços é mais frequente e ativa, em resultado da maior radicalidade da inovação gerada; (2) o tamanho das empresas limita o envolvimento no DCNP às grandes empresas quando gera produtos diferenciados em elevada escala de produção; (3) o envolvimento prematuro dos fornecedores no DCNP ocorre quando as grandes empresas objetivam diferenciar os seus produtos e quando as pequenas e médias empresas pretendem incrementar a eficiência, através da inovação disruptiva; (4) a intensidade do alinhamento é influenciada pela partilha de informação entre os intervenientes na fase inicial do DCNP, e pela elevada confiança e comprometimento gerados na relação fornecedor-cliente; (5) a intensidade do alinhamento no desenvolvimento colaborativo de novos produtos não é influenciada pelo tamanho das empresas, apesar de ser maior no caso do DCNP realizado pelas grandes empresas. Contribuições: Em primeiro lugar, este estudo complementa a literatura sobre o DCNP com uma perspetiva comparativa sobre a influência do tamanho das empresas e da inovação sobre o relacionamento fornecedor-cliente a montante e a jusante. Em segundo lugar, este estudo complementa o debate relativamente ao envolvimento prematuro dos fornecedores de pequena e média dimensão, com uma abordagem comparativa em relação às grandes empresas e à influência da inovação radical na relação fornecedor-cliente. Em terceiro lugar, este estudo contribui com uma perspetiva comparativa sobre a intensidade do alinhamento no DCNP de acordo com o tamanho das empresas e a inovação gerada. Por último, este estudo contribui com uma perspetiva sistematizada sobre o DCNP e sugere futuras áreas de investigação a serem exploradas sobre temáticas relacionadas.
Purpose: The main objective of this thesis is to compare the form of collaboration, the type of involvement and the alignment carried out by industrial companies in collaborative new product development (CNPD). To this end, three systematized studies were carried out to determine the supplier-client relationship, according to firm size and the innovation created. Methodology: This exploratory study, based on qualitative research, uses purposive sampling formed of industrial companies. The data obtained in the firms analysed, through semi-structured interviews, contributed to elaborating the cases for study. Main results: The results allowed the conclusion that: (1) CNPD is more active upstream than downstream when collaboration between industrial firms and between these and service suppliers is more frequent and active, resulting from the more radical nature of the innovation generated; (2) firm size limits CNPD involvement to large firms when generating differentiated products at a high scale of production; (3) early supplier involvement in CNPD occurs when large firms aim to differentiate their products and when small and medium-sized firms aim to increase efficiency through disruptive innovation; (4) the intensity of the alignment is influenced by information-sharing between parties at the initial stage of CNPD, and by the increased trust and commitment created in the supplier-client relationship; (5) the intensity of alignment in the collaborative development of new products is not influenced by firm size, despite being greater in the case of CNPD undertaken by large firms. Contributions: Firstly, this study complements the literature on CNPD with a comparative perspective of the influence of firm size and innovation on the supplier-client relationship upstream and downstream. Secondly, it complements the debate on the early involvement of small and medium-sized suppliers, with a comparative approach in relation to large firms and the influence of radical innovation on the supplier-client relationship. Thirdly, it contributes with a comparative perspective of the intensity of alignment in CNPD according to firm size and the innovation created. Finally, the study contributes with a systematized perspective of the CNPD and suggests future areas of research to be explored on related topics.

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Chatzilaou, Konstantina. "L’action collective des travailleurs et les libertés économiques : essai sur une rencontre dans les ordres juridiques nationaux et supranationaux." Thesis, Paris 10, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA100155.

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L’action collective des travailleurs - qu’on désigne ordinairement en France par le terme de grève - fait l’objet d’un traitement juridique diversifié, aussi bien au niveau national que supranational. A la suite des arrêts Viking et Laval, rendus en 2007 par la Cour de justice de l’Union européenne, les régimes nationaux et supranationaux de l’action collective sont amenés à évoluer du fait de leur rencontre avec les libertés économiques, au premier rang desquelles figurent la liberté d’établissement et la libre prestation de services. L’étude de ces évolutions requiert la combinaison de deux perspectives. Dans une perspective historique et descriptive, il s’agit d’examiner ces régimes pour en saisir la construction. A cette fin, l’outil choisi est celui de la comparaison juridique, comparaison qui s’effectue à un double niveau : national (droit français et droit anglais) et supranational (droit de l’OIT et droit du Conseil de l’Europe). C’est dans une perspective plus dynamique que l’étude porte ensuite sur les interactions de ces régimes avec les libertés économiques
Collective action of workers - ordinarily designated by the term of “strike” or “grève” in France - is subject to a diverse legal understanding at national and supranational level. Following the Viking and Laval judgments, made in 2007 by the Court of Justice of the European Union, national and supranational regimes of collective action are likely to evolve as a result of their encounter with the economic freedoms, the first among which are freedom of establishment and freedom to provide services. The study of these changes requires a combination of two perspectives. In a historical and descriptive perspective, the aim is first to understand the structure of these regimes. To this end, the chosen tool is that of legal comparison, made at a double level, national (French law and English law) and supranational (ILO Law and Law of the Council of Europe). It is in a more dynamic perspective that the study then focuses on the interactions of these regimes with economic freedoms

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Pinzon, Correa Juan David. "La fabrication d'un contexte institutionnel favorable à la confiance inter-organisationnelle au sein d'une méta-organisation : étude de deux clusters des industries culturelles et créatives en France et au Canada." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0499.

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Notre objectif est de comprendre comment les acteurs qui prennent part à la gouvernance d’une méta-organisation interviennent dans l’émergence et le maintien d’un contexte institutionnel favorable à la confiance dans les relations inter-organisationnelles (RIO). Nous réalisons deux études de cas qualitatifs de clusters des industries culturelles et créatives, en France et au Canada. Pour le cas français nous pointons les difficultés relatives à la confiance et le travail postérieur de construction de nouvelles frontières, avec une conciliation entre besoins économiques et esprit de création artistique. Pour le cas canadien : un climat initial peu propice à la confiance et un travail postérieur d’institutionnalisation de l’idée que le cluster agit dans l’intérêt de toute l’industrie. Nous proposons un cadre conceptuel pour analyser les pratiques de création et maintien d’un contexte institutionnel favorable à la confiance dans les RIO, dans une perspective structurationniste (relation récursive institutions/action). Nous distinguons des dimensions du contexte et deux types de pratiques : « d’activation » (les acteurs font intentionnellement appel à des éléments institutionnels jugés pertinents vis-à-vis de la confiance par rapport à l’interaction) ; et « de structuration », (ils structurent progressivement les bases institutionnelles de la confiance pour des interactions, actuelles et futures). Nous proposons des éléments pour une « compétence liée à la confiance », comme une capacité liée au déploiement, dans une manière perçue comme authentique, de comportements liés à la confiance et jugés appropriés vis-à-vis du rôle de l’acteur dans un contexte institutionnel donné
The aim of the research is to understand how the actors involved in the governance of a meta-organization intervene in the emergence and maintenance of an institutional context favorable to trust in inter-organizational relations (IOR). Following a qualitative approach, we carried out two embedded case studies of clusters operating within the cultural and creative industries in France and Canada. Regarding the French case, we highlighted the difficulties of trust and later work by some actors aimed at adopting new boundaries that involves new sectors, which included the search for conciliation between economic needs and the spirit of artistic creation. As for the Canadian case, we highlighted the initial climate not propitious to trust and the subsequent institutionalization work of the idea that the cluster acts in the interest of the whole industry. We propose a conceptual framework to analyze the practices of creating and maintaining an institutional environment favorable to trust in IOR, within a structurational perspective (recursive relation institutions/action). We distinguish dimensions of the context, and two types of practices: of “activation” (actors intentionally call upon institutional elements considered as relevant to trust in the current interaction); and of "structuration" (actors gradually structure the institutional bases of trust for current and future interactions). In the conclusion, we propose elements for a "trust-related competence" as a capacity related to the deployment, in in a manner perceived as authentic, of behaviors related to trust and considered as appropriate regarding the role of the actor in a given institutional context

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Mazzucchi, Nicolas. "Stratégies d'influence réciproque Etat-entreprise dans le secteur de l'énergie : analyse croisée des cas américain, brésilien, chinois, français et russe." Thesis, Paris 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA010673.

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Cette thèse traite des rapports État-entreprise du secteur de l'énergie dans le contexte de la mondialisation. Son objectif est de comprendre et d'analyser les stratégies d'influence réciproque entre les acteurs publics et les grandes transnationales. Pour ce faire cinq cas d'étude précis d'une relation État-entreprise, au travers d'une problématique territoriale, sont étudiés. Ces cinq cas, choisis sur toute la planète et dans toutes les énergies permettent d'appréhender l'ensemble des facettes du phénomène sans toutefois que l'analyse ne soit biaisée par une orientation culturelle trop marquée. En effet en choisissant d'étudier aussi bien des entreprises occidentales que russe, brésilienne ou chinoise, c'est l'ensemble des pratiques qui est étudié. Cette analyse de cas donne lieu à une modélisation des relations État-entreprise dans le secteur de l'énergie avec trois grands types, caractérisés par des forces et des faiblesses. Ils se répartissent en relations de subordination, d'arbitrage et d'opportunité, selon une proximité structurelle ou interpersonnelle. Ces types permettent, à leur tour, de brosser un panorama complet de la géoéconomie de l'énergie. La compréhension des dynamiques ainsi que des stratégies des différents acteurs, États, entreprises, organisations internationales et représentants de la société civile, participe de l'appréhension globale du phénomène de mondialisation et du nouveau rôle des firmes comme acteurs internationaux
This PhD dissertation is about state-companies of the energy sector relationship in the context of globalization. It aims to understand and analyze the strategies of influence between public actors and transnational companies. In order to do this, five cases-studies of specific state-company relationship, through a territorial issue, are studied. These five cases, selected ail around the planet and in ail energies fields, allow to understand all facets of the phenomenon, avoiding the biases of a too important cultural orientation. Indeed, by choosing to study both Western and Russian, Brazilian or Chinese companies, the set of practices could be understood. Those case-studies analysis results in a model of state-business relations in the energy sector with three main types, characterized by strengths and weaknesses. They are divided into relation of subordination, arbitration and opportunity, according to a structural or interpersonal closeness. These types allow, subsequently, to provide a comprehensive overview of the energy geo-economics. Understanding the dynamics and strategies of various stakeholders, governments, companies, international organizations and civil society organizations such as NGOs, helps to the overall comprehension of globalization phenomenon and the new role of companies as international actors

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Blake, Greyory. "Good Game." VCU Scholars Compass, 2018. https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/5377.

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This thesis and its corresponding art installation, Lessons from Ziggy, attempts to deconstruct the variables prevalent within several complex systems, analyze their transformations, and propose a methodology for reasserting the soap box within the display pedestal. In this text, there are several key and specific examples of the transformation of various signifiers (i.e. media-bred fear’s transformation into a political tactic of surveillance, contemporary freneticism’s transformation into complacency, and community’s transformation into nationalism as a state weapon). In this essay, all of these concepts are contextualized within the exponential growth of new technologies. That is to say, all of these semiotic developments must be framed within the post-Internet sphere.

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Morgado, David José Cardoso. "Legislação europeia e relações industriais: o impacto da diretiva sobre o tempo de trabalho numa perspetiva comparada." Master's thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/11241.

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O Tempo de Trabalho ganha importância nas discussões laborais enquanto conceito relevante na análise das relações sociais que os indivíduos têm com o seu Trabalho, e na influência que esse Tempo exerce na sua esfera privada. Considerando que as dinâmicas sobre o Tempo de Trabalho variam consoante diferentes contextos nacionais de relações laborais, este trabalho procura identificar até que ponto a legislação europeia sobre o tema – expressa na Diretiva 2003/88/CE – exerce efeito sobre a evolução do Tempo de Trabalho em três países distintos. Esses países – no caso, Portugal, Reino Unido e Suécia – são considerados como representativos de Sistemas de Relações Laborais diferentes, mas com um mesmo enquadramento institucional europeu. Procurando averiguar essas mesmas diferenças, e tomando em conta um período temporal de 2002 a 2012, importa estudar a temática à luz de dois planos – o plano microeconómico, com uso de dados provenientes das rondas 1 a 6 do European Social Survey, e o plano macroeconómico, utilizando estatísticas europeias (com base no conteúdo disponibilizado pelo Eurostat). Assim, contrapõe-se a realidade percecionada pelos trabalhadores do setor Privado de Emprego a um nível microeconómico com as estatísticas oficiais a um nível macroeconómico, identificando também as variações pertinentes no período analisado. Os dados recolhidos permitiram concluir que a evolução do Tempo de Trabalho é díspar conforme as realidades nacionais, consoante os diferentes anos do período analisado. Foi possível concluir, ainda, que o sentido da evolução do Tempo de Trabalho foi diferente nas três realidades nacionais comparadas, havendo uma tendência para a convergência.
The Working Time becomes important in labor discussions as an important concept in the analysis of social relations that individuals have with their work, and the influence that time plays in their private sphere. Whereas the dynamics on the Working Time varies depending on different national contexts of industrial relations, this paper seeks to identify the extent to which European legislation on the subject – expressed in Directive 2003/88/EC – has an effect on the evolution of Working Time in three different countries. These countries – in this case Portugal, Sweden and the UK – are considered to be representative of different industrial relations systems, but with the same European institutional framework. Looking ascertain these same differences, and taking into account a time period from 2002 to 2012, it is studying the issue in the light of two planes – the microeconomic level, with data usage coming from rounds 1-6 of the European Social Survey, and the plan macroeconomic using European statistics (based on content provided by Eurostat). Thus contrasts with the perceived reality by industry workers Job Private to a micro level to official statistics at a macroeconomic level, also identifying the relevant variations during the period. The data collected showed that the evolution of the Working Time disparate as national realities, according to the different years of the study period. It was concluded also that the sense of the evolution of Working Time was different in the three national realities compared, with a trend towards convergence.
Mestrado em Ciências do Trabalho e Relações Laborais

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Sung, Chia-Lin, and 宋嘉琳. "Nursing Occupation Industrial Relations: A Comparative Study between Taiwan and the USA." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/86488769430360351966.

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Geppert, M., K. Williams, M. Wortmann, J. Czarzasty, D. Kağnıcıoğlu, H.-D. Köhler, Tony Royle, Y. Rückert, and B. Uckan. "Industrial relations in European hypermarkets: Home and host country influences." 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/6599.

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Yes
In this article we examine the industrial relations practices of three large European food retailers when they transfer the hypermarket format to other countries. We ask, first, how industrial relations in hypermarkets differ from those in other food retailing outlets. Second, we examine how far the approach characteristic of each company’s country-of-origin (Germany, France and the UK) shapes the practices adopted elsewhere. Third, we ask how they respond to the specific industrial relations systems of each host country (Turkey, Poland, Ireland and Spain).

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Tang, Chia-chun, and 唐嘉駿. "A Comparative Study of Industrial Relations betweenAdversarialism and Consensualism – Taking the British and German Industrial Systems as the examples." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/98719583245226338562.

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碩士
淡江大學
歐洲研究所碩士班
94
Both United Kingdom and Germany engaged in the most prosperous and affluent countries in the international economy, and also one of the key countries in European Union. Under the demands for the social integration in EU member states, the Council of Europe has to learn about the differences between social, economic and political issues in each of them. Therefore, the comparative and comprehensive studies of policies in every sector are necessary. However, the labor-developing history backgrounds in United Kingdom and Germany are completely different. Because of the more widespread tradition of voluntarism, the workplace-based confrontation and uncompulsory arbitrations brought the British industrial relations to be criticized. Since the end of World War Ⅱ, social-economic Germany established the institutions of Co-determination and Collective Bargaining. There are agreements of voluntary negotiations between the social partners and are not determined by legal enactments or any other form of state interference. On the other hand, the organized work councils in workplaces represent the interests of employees and prove able to promote a high degree of social integration. At the end of 1990’s, the British Prime Minister Tony Blair and the German former Chancellor Gerhard Schröder have advocated the ideas of “ the Third Way” and “ the New Centre”. In present work we explore the convergences of this two different industrial systems under the effects of economic globalization and European integration. This study is devoted to comparisons between the two industrial models and policies in United Kingdom and Germany and also pointed out the problems of unemployment phenomenon in present Germany.

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"The demise of the National Union in Italy : lessons for comparative industrial relations theory." Sloan School of Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/2340.

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Pellegrini, Claudio. "Comparative industrial relations at the local level in Rome and Chicago the case of mass transit /." 1989. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/20224097.html.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1989.
Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 226-247).

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Durand-Allard, Marc-Antoine. "Jeunes et syndicalisme : une intégration réussie? Analyse comparative de deux organisations syndicales du Québec." Thèse, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/11644.

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Cette recherche dresse un portrait de la situation de la relève syndicale au Québec et des tentatives des organisations syndicales pour stimuler la participation de leurs membres de moins de 30 ans. Elle brosse d’abord un aperçu des habitudes sociales, des valeurs et des caractéristiques en emploi des jeunes. Elle nuance et recadre ensuite la problématique des jeunes en ce qui concerne l’identité collective qu’ils partagent instinctivement et les modalités de socialisation à l’interne façonnant leur participation. Cette recherche remet en question la fenêtre de recrutement estimée où les jeunes seraient en mesure d’entâmer leur participation dans les structures syndicales. Au demeurant, elle décrit l’ampleur des innovations syndicales destinées à stimuler la participation des jeunes et démystifie le mandat de l’une d’elle, les comités jeunes, qui peuvent agir à la fois comme porte-parole de leur organisation, comme la voix des jeunes membres et comme pépinière de la relève syndicale. Les données empiriques utilisées pour ce mémoire proviennent d’une vingtaine de groupes de discussion et de huit entretiens semi-dirigés (n=228), tenus dans deux organisations syndicales d’importance au Québec, disposant d’un comité jeunes et organisés par les chercheures d’un projet de recherche plus vaste sur la participation syndicale des jeunes. Nos résultats démontrent en premier lieu une identité collective construite autour de la précarité et des injustices perçues par les nouveaux travailleurs. L’âge ne serait pas significatif dans la construction de l’identité des jeunes qui semblent en phase de conquérir leur identité. En second lieu, le cadre strict de plusieurs modalités de socialisation avait un effet inhibiteur sur la participation, favorisait des relations d’échanges instrumentales et ne tenait pas compte de la sensibilité de cette nouvelle génération pour les interactions réciproques avec leurs représentants syndicaux. Nous avons aussi observé une utilisation limitée des nouvelles technologies, qui présentent des potentialités intéressantes en matière de transfert des connaissances de surcroît. Par ailleurs, nos résultats à l’égard de l’identité collective observée et de la durée du processus de socialisation soulèvent des questionnements sur la pertinence même des structures jeunes dans leurs paramètres actuels. Le parcours d’un jeune vers la militance syndicale apparaît plus tardif qu’escompté. Plus encore, la problématique jeunes met en lumière les tensions intrinsèques au mouvement syndical quant à la libre négociation sociale des intérêts défendus et du consensus interne nécessaire à leur légitimité.
This research addresses the situation of Québec’s trade unions’ youth and the trade unions’ attempts to stimulate the participation of those under 30 years old. It also helps to describe social habits, values and characteristics at work of young workers. Then it qualifies and reframes the youth issue in terms of their shared identity and the socialization mechanisms shaping their participation. This research brings into question the actual recruitment window when young members could start participating into their unions. Finally, it describes some trade unions’ strategies to stimulate youth’s participation and clarifies one of the, the youth committees, who not only have the mandate to act as the unions’ spokesperson, but also as the youth’s voice from the inside and as a school for the trade unions’ next generation of members. The chosen qualitative methodology comes from twenty focus groups and eight semi-structured interviews (n=228) held in two notorious trade unions in Québec which had youth committees and organized by the researchers of a larger research project on youth’s participation. Our results show a collective identity built around precariousness and perceived unfair treatments by the newest workers. We found that age was not a significant factor in building collective identity and young members were still battling to express their own collective identity. Besides, it shows how the rigid frame of many socialization mechanisms had inhibiting effects on participation, positionned members in an instrumental relationship with their trade union and did not take into account this generation’s sensitivity for reciprocal interactions with their union representatives. We also observed weak engagement coming from trade unions towards new technologies, which seemed a great opportunity for knowledge transfer regarding the new generations of workers. In addition, our results about the observed collective identity and the actual duration of the socialization process bring into question the relevance of youth structures within their actual parameters. The journey of a young member towards union activism seemed to take more time than estimated. Moreover, the youth issue highlights inherent tensions to the labour movement’s social negotiation of the defended interests and the consensus needed for their legitimacy.

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Dupuis, Mathieu. "Les stratégies syndicales face aux restructurations d’entreprises : une étude comparative des contre-pouvoirs syndicaux dans le secteur des équipementiers automobiles en France et au Canada." Thèse, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/16056.

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Cette thèse tente de comprendre l’impact des restructurations des entreprises multinationales sur les stratégies syndicales. Les acteurs syndicaux locaux sont-ils déterminés par l’appartenance à des régimes nationaux et à des contingences organisationnelles ou peuvent-ils influencer des décisions objectives comme les restructurations ? Cette recherche s’insère dans une problématique large qui fait la jonction entre la mondialisation économique sur une base continentale, la réorganisation productive des entreprises multinationales et l’action syndicale. Au plan théorique, nous confrontons trois grandes approches analytiques, à savoir : le néo-institutionnalisme et les structures d’opportunités ; l’économie politique critique et la question du pouvoir syndical ; la géographie économique critique mettant de l’avant les contingences, l’encastrement et l’espace concurrentiel. Sur la base de ces trois familles, nous présentons un modèle d’analyse multidisciplinaire. Au plan méthodologique, cette thèse est structurée autour de quatre études de cas locales qui ont subi des menaces de restructurations. Cette collecte a été effectuée dans deux pays (la France et le Canada) et dans un secteur particulier (les équipementiers automobiles). Trois sources qualitatives forment le cœur empirique de cette thèse : des statistiques descriptives, des documents de sources secondaires et des entretiens semi-dirigés (44), principalement avec des acteurs syndicaux. L’analyse intra et inter régime national éclaire plusieurs aspects de la question des stratégies syndicales en contexte de restructurations. Les principales contributions de cette thèse touchent : 1. l’impact des facteurs relationnels et des ressources de pouvoir développées par les syndicats locaux sur les structures d’opportunités institutionnelles; 2. l’importance des aspects « cognitifs » et d’envisager le pouvoir de manière multi-niveaux; 3. l’importance de l’encastrement social et des dynamiques relationnelles entre syndicats et patronats; 4. l’influence de la concurrence internationale/nationale/régionale/locale dans le secteur des équipementiers automobiles; et 5. l’importance des arbitrages et des relations entre les acteurs de l’entreprise par rapport à la théorie de la contingence pour comprendre les marges structurelles des syndicats locaux. Notre recherche invite les acteurs sociaux à repenser leur action dans le cadre des restructurations. En particulier, les syndicats locaux se doivent d’explorer de nouveaux répertoires stratégiques pour répondre aux nombreux défis que posent le changement économique et les restructurations.
This thesis examines the impacts of the restructuring of multinational enterprises on trade union strategies. Are local union strategies an outcome of national institutional embeddedness and organizational contingencies, or can unions in fact influence core elements of corporate decision-making vis-à-vis restructuring? This research speaks to major scholarly debates concerning economic globalization, corporate restructuring, and union organization. In terms of theory, this thesis addresses three large analytical approaches, these being: neo-institutionalism and opportunity structures; critical political economy and the question of union power; and critical economic geography in relation to contingencies, embeddedness, and competition across borders. Drawing from these three theories, this research proposes a new multidisciplinary model of analysis for research on union strategies. In terms of methodology, this thesis is structured around four case studies of local unions in two countries (Canada and France) and a specific sector (automobile equipment manufacturers). Three qualitative sources are at the heart of this thesis: descriptive statistics, documentation from secondary sources, and semi-structured interviews (44), primarily focused union actors. This thesis analyzes union strategies within and across jurisdictions to elucidate their ramifications for firms and workers, particularly in the context of restructuring. The principal contributions of this thesis touch on: 1. the impacts of power resources developed by local unions on institutional opportunity structures; 2. the importance of cognitive aspects of strategy and its implications for power in a multi-level context; and 3. the importance of social embeddedness and social relations between unions and employers; 4. the omnipresence of international/national/regional/local competition in the automobile equipment manufacturing sector; and 5. the importance of trade-offs and relationships between business players from the vantage point of contingency theory to understand the structural facets of local union action. This research invites social actors to rethink their strategies concerning corporate restructuring. In particular, local unions should explore new strategic repertoires of action for responding the new challenges pertaining to economic change and restructuring.

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O'Brady, Sean. "Negotiating insecurity? : a comparative study of collective bargaining in retail food in Canada, Germany, Sweden and the United States." Thèse, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/21603.

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SHI, XI-QUAN, and 施溪泉. "A comparative study to the teaching load of related subject teachers and shop practice teachers in senior vocational industrial high school in Taiwan, Republic of China." Thesis, 1992. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/12179649341687575699.

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Borges, Bruno de Moura. "Technology and Development: The Political Economy of Open Source Software." Diss., 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10161/2290.

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This dissertation examines the role of governments in adopting Open Source Software (OSS) for their needs and tries to explain the variation in adoption and implmentation, among both developing and developed countries. The work argues that there are different logics guiding developing and developed countries OSS adoption. As developed countries follow a pattern based on the Varieties of Capitalism model, the difference in OSS adoption in developing countries is a combination of the relation between the state and market forces (especially how business and firms are organized) and state capacity to overcome collective action problems and to reap the benefits of technological upgrade. This dissertation also presents a structured and focused comparison of two cases (Brazil and Mexico) and define which are the factors that matter for the outcomes.

Dissertation

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Michaud, Jonathan. "L’action collective chez les travailleuses et les travailleurs précaires : étude comparative des dynamiques en milieux syndiqués." Thèse, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/20340.

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Mischke, Carl. "Discourses of silence : judicial responses to industrial action as an archaeolgy of juridification." 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/17462.

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A study of silences: as a metaphysics of the law, juridification silences the text of the law in order to enable an allegorical reading of the law. This silencing of the legal text can only be avoided through a non-metaphysical archaeological reading. Similarly, the programme of comparative labour law is silent at its most pivotal points, leaving some concerns of the programme indeterminate and indeterminable. As context, the dominant discourses of the labour law systems of the Federal Republic of Germany (Tarifautonomie), Great Britain (collective laizzesfaire) and South Africa (fairness) are identified and the agents of the jurisprudence (the courts) are briefly outlined. The silence operating within the phenomenology of the labour judiciary and the concept of a 'court' is also examined. The study then proceeds to read, in an archaeological manner, the industrial action jurisprudence in Germany, Great Britain and South Africa, such readings again yielding silences within the discourse of the law. The silences occurring throughout (and the resulting normative breaches in the rationality of the legal discourse) are the prerequisites for juridification, a process in terms of which the metajuridical standard is imported into the legal normative system and thereby rendered part of the archival discourse of the law.
LL.D.

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Imparato, Paula Barcelos. "La responsabilité civile de l'industrie pharmaceutique : le risque de développement : étude comparative des droits brésilien et québécois." Thèse, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/4541.

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D’une part, le développement scientifique dans le domaine pharmaceutique fournit des bénéfices substantiels à la santé des personnes, améliorant par conséquent leur qualité de vie. Toutefois, créer et mettre en marché une nouvelle substance thérapeutique n’est pas une tâche facile. Les laboratoires investissent du temps et de l’argent en recherche et développement pour y parvenir. D’autre part, malgré les bienfaits de la science et les efforts des chercheurs, les médicaments sont des produits potentiellement dangereux. Ils présentent des risques inhérents à leur nature, capables de causer des préjudices graves et irréversibles. D’ailleurs, la nature dangereuse de ces produits a incité l’instauration de normes qui imposent des critères stricts aux fabricants de médicaments dans le but de protéger le public. En suivant cette tendance mondiale, les législateurs brésilien et canadien ont instauré des régimes statutaires qui édictent des règles rigoureuses de conception, de fabrication et de commercialisation des médicaments. Néanmoins, à cause de la nature pénale et administrative de ces normes, elles ne sont pas efficaces lorsqu’il s’agit de dédommager le consommateur ou le tiers qui est victime du fait du médicament. Dans une telle situation, il faut recourir au droit civil dans le cas du Brésil et du Québec, ou à la common law dans les autres provinces canadiennes. Dans une étude comparée sur le sujet, nous avons appris que les droits civils brésilien et québécois ainsi que la common law canadienne ont des ressemblances très importantes, cependant en ce qui concerne l’exclusion de la responsabilité fondée sur le risque de développement scientifique, différentes solutions s’appliquent.
On the one hand, the scientific development in the pharmaceutical sector provides substantial benefits to human health, thus improving his quality of life. However, developing a new therapeutic substance is a hard task. The laboratories have been investing time and money in research and development to get there. On the other hand, despite the benefits of science and the efforts of researchers, drugs are potentially dangerous. They pose risks inherent in their nature, can cause serious and irreversible damage. Moreover, the hazardous nature of these products has prompted the creation of standards that impose strict criteria for drug manufacturers in order to protect the public. By following this global trend, the Brazilian and Canadian legislators have introduced statutory regulations that lay down strict rules of design, manufacture and marketing of drugs. However, as a result of criminal and administrative standards, they are not effective when it comes to compensate the victim of the drug. In this situation, we must resort to civil law, in the case of Brazil and Quebec, or the common law in respect of other Canadian provinces. In a comparative study, we find out that civil law in Brazil and Quebec and Canadian common law have significant similarities, however, regarding the exclusion of liability based on the risk of scientific development, different solutions apply.

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Bao, Xiaoming. "Can Chinese enterprise unions improve employee union identification? Comparative case studies of six subsidiaries of foreign multinational enterprises." Thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/24662.

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Les syndicats d’entreprise chinois souffrent d’un manque apparent de pertinence pour les salariés. Dans l’intervalle, les gouvernements et les fédérations de syndicats locaux mènent de plus en plus de réformes syndicales d’entreprise en vue de promouvoir la négociation collective et la démocratie syndicale. Ces deux tendances se produisant simultanément, c’est ainsi que les questions de recherche suivantes viennent à l’esprit: (1) D’une manière générale, la négociation collective et la démocratie syndicale améliorent-elles la pertinence des syndicats pour les salariés? (2) Dans le cas chinois, les réformes de la négociation collective et de la démocratie syndicale menées par les gouvernements et les fédérations de syndicats locaux améliorent-elles la pertinence des syndicats d’entreprise pour les salaries? Afin d’explorer et d’expliquer les variations de l’identification syndicale des employés et de l’identification des employés avec l’employeur, cette thèse développe un nouveau cadre théorique composé de quatre lignes d’analyse. Cette thèse examine d’abord les récits instrumentaux et constructivistes de l’identification syndicale des salariés. La possibilité d’une double identification, d’une identification unilatérale, ou d’une double désidentification ouvre une troisième ligne d’analyse, qui se concentre sur la relation entre l’identification des salariés – la configuration combinant l’identification syndicale des salariés et l’identification des salariés à l’employeur – et le cadre de référence pour les relations de travail. Enfin, en prenant en considération la spécificité du système chinois de relations de travail, cette thèse considère l’intervention du Parti-État en vue d’explorer comment une telle intervention affecte la démocratie syndicale et s’il existe ou non d’autres facteurs en jeu dans la relation entre la démocratie syndicale et l’intervention du Parti-Etat. Afin d’explorer ces quatre lignes d’analyse, cette thèse s’est appuyée sur des études de cas comparatives de six filiales d’entreprises multinationales étrangères dans, ce que nous appelons à des fins d’anonymat, la zone de développement économique et technologique de Binhai. Deux iv séries d’enquête sur le terrain comprenaient des entretiens dans chaque entreprise de l’échantillon avec le responsable syndical, trois à cinq membres du comité syndical, quatre ou cinq délégués syndicaux (le cas échéant), et cinq à sept membres syndicaux. Les principaux résultats empiriques sont résumés comme suit. Premièrement, trois types d’identité des syndicats d’entreprise chinois – le pont critique, le pont constructif, et le pont communicatif – à titre de pont entre les salariés et leur employeur et qui est assumé par un syndicat d’entreprise. Il existe par ailleurs une correspondance entre l’identité syndicale et l’identification des salariés. Deuxièmement, l’identification du syndicat des salariés est associée au caractère instrumental de syndicat et à la démocratie syndicale. La démocratie syndicale affecte non seulement directement l’identification du syndicat des salariés, mais affecte également le caractère instrumental de syndicat et, à son tour, a un impact indirect sur l’identification du syndicat des salariés. Les synergies entre le cadre de référence des relations de travail, la capacité stratégique syndicale, et la vitalité délibérative conduisent à la construction de l’identité syndicale. Troisièmement, le cadre de référence va du pluralisme adversarial à l’unitarisme autocratique, puis à l’unitarisme consultatif, et enfin, à l’unitarisme coordonné. En affectant l’instrumentalité syndicale, le cadre de référence affecte indirectement l’identification syndicale des salariés. Le cadre de référence affecte également l’amélioration des intérêts des salariés par un employeur et à son tour, a un impact indirect sur l’identification des salariés à l’employeur. Enfin, l’intervention du Parti-Etat affecte la démocratie syndicale mais comme modérée par la capacité stratégique.
Chinese enterprise unions suffer the apparent absence of relevance for employees. In the meantime, local governments and federations of trade unions are increasingly conducting enterprise union reforms with a view to promoting collective bargaining and union democracy. With these two trends occurring simultaneously, the following research questions come to mind: (1) Do collective bargaining and union democracy improve the relevance of trade unions for employees? (2) Do the reforms of collective bargaining and union democracy conducted by local governments and federations of trade unions in China improve the relevance of enterprise unions for employees? In order to explore and explain the variations in employee union identification and employee identification with the employer, this thesis develops a novel theoretical framework consisting of four lines of analysis. This thesis first examines the instrumental and constructivist accounts of employee union identification. The possibility of dual identification, unilateral identification, or dual disidentification opens up a third line of analysis, which focuses on the relationship between employee identification – the configuration combining employee union identification and employee identification with the employer – and the frame of reference for labour relations. Finally, in taking the specificity of the Chinese labour relations system into consideration, this thesis considers the intervention of the Party-State with a view to exploring how such intervention affects union democracy and whether or not there are other factors at play in the relationship between union democracy and the intervention of the Party-State. In order to pursue these four lines of analysis, this thesis drew on the comparative case studies of six subsidiaries of foreign multinational enterprises in, what we label for the purpose of anonymity, the Binhai Economic-Technological Development Area. Two rounds of fieldwork involved interviews in each sample enterprise with the union officer, three to five union committee members, four or five union stewards (when applicable), and five to seven union vi members. The major empirical findings are summarized as follows. First, three types of identity of the Chinese enterprise unions discussed – critical bridging, constructive bridging, and communicative bridging – emerge in terms of the role of the bridge between employees and their employer, which is played by an enterprise union. There is a link between trade union identity and employee identification. Second, employee union identification is associated with union instrumentality and union democracy. Union democracy not only directly affects employee union identification but also affects union instrumentality and in turn, has an indirect impact on employee union identification. Synergies between the frame of reference for labour relations, union strategic capacity, and deliberative vitality lead to union identity construction. Third, the frame of reference ranges from adversarial pluralism to autocratic unitarism, then to consultative unitarism, and finally, to coordinated unitarism. By affecting union instrumentality, the frame of reference indirectly affects employee union identification. The frame of reference also affects the improvement of employee interests by an employer and in turn, has an indirect impact on employee identification with the employer. Finally, the intervention of the Party-State affects union democracy but as moderated by strategic capacity.

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Chevalier, Bonin Jean-Philippe. "L'influence de la culture organisationnelle sur l'épuisement professionnel ; étude comparative entre cols blancs et policiers d'un service de police urbain." Thèse, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/9835.

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Ce mémoire élaboré dans le cadre d'une étude plus vaste sur la santé mentale au travail étudie l'effet de la culture organisationnelle ainsi que certains facteurs du travail comme la supervision abusive, la latitude décisionnelle, l'utilisation des compétences, l'autorité décisionnelle, les demandes psychologiques, le soutien social ainsi que l'horaire de travail sur l'épuisement professionnel et ses trois dimensions. Ces facteurs, à l'exception de la culture organisationnelle ont fait l'objet d'études approfondies dans le passé. Ce mémoire se base sur un modèle connu et régulièrement utilisé mesurant l'effet de ces facteurs du travail sur la santé mentale. Ce modèle est communément appelé le modèle demandes-contrôle de Karasek. L'échantillon à l'étude est constitué de 384 policiers et travailleurs cols blancs travaillant pour le service de police de la Ville de Montréal. La récolte des données à été effectuée en 2008 et 2009. Ce mémoire confirme en partie les résultats fréquemment observés dans les études sur le sujet. La supervision abusive, les demandes psychologiques et certains types de culture augmentent le niveau d'épuisement professionnel. D'autres variables comme la latitude décisionnelle et certains autres types de culture organisationnelle réduisent le niveau d'épuisement professionnel.
This thesis is part of a vast study on mental health at work started by the Équipe de Recherche sur le Travail et la Santé Mentale. It more specifically focus on the effect of organizational culture and some work concepts like abusive supervision, decisional latitude, skills utilisation, psychological demands, social support and work schedules on the incidence of burnout including its three specific dimensions. Previous studies were conducted on these factors with the exception of organizational culture. This thesis is based on a previous studies which have developed models to explain the incidence of burnout : the demand-control model proposed by Karasek et al. This study uses data collected in 2008 and 2009 from 384 policemen and white collar workers from the Montreal Police Service. This thesis confirms some frequently observed results like the positive influence of abusive supervision and jobs demands on the incidence of burnout. There is also some variables such as decisional latitude and certain types of organizational cultures which are negatively related to the incidence of burnout.

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