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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Comparative Law'
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1
Romano, Valerio Cosimo. "Empirical Comparative Law." Doctoral thesis, Luiss Guido Carli, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11385/200991.
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Infantino, Marta. "Comparative Law of causation in Tort Law." IUS ET VERITAS, 2014. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/123595.
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this article analyzes the causal element of torts from the perspective of comparative law, focusing on the field of tort liability. Thus, it specifies both the particular aspects of the investigation as well as each legal system studied. then, the article discusses the differences and similarities of each system. Later, it stops on the dominant approaches examining its success on facing the tort phenomenon in order to highlight the essential characteristics that determine the various approaches tort liability can assume.El presente artículo analiza el elemento causal de la responsabilidad civil desde una perspectiva de derecho comparado, haciendo énfasis sobre el campo de la responsabilidad aquiliana. Así, precisando tanto los aspectos particulares de la propia investigación como de cada Ordenamiento Jurídico estudiado, el artículo aborda las diferencias y similitudes de cada Ordenamiento. De esta forma, se detiene sobre los enfoques dominantes examinando la capacidad de los mismos. Ello con la finalidad de evidenciar las características esenciales que determinan los diversos alcances que puede asumir la responsabilidad aquiliana.
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Pardolesi, Roberto, and Massimiliano Granieri. "The Future of Law Professors and Comparative Law." IUS ET VERITAS, 2014. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/123064.
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In this paper, the authors analyze the positions on the objectives of Comparative Law as an autonomous discipline, as well as the intersection between law and economics and its implications for future studies of law. this is studied in relation not only to what is Law, but with what it should be. ending the authors propose a new perspective for comparatists lawyers, seeking to revitalize legal research.En el presente artículo, los autores analizan las posiciones acerca de los objetivos del Derecho Comparado como una disciplina autónoma, así como la intersección entre Derecho y la economía y sus implicancias en los futuros estudios del Derecho. todo ello se estudia a en relación no solo a lo que es el Derecho, sino con lo que debería ser. Finalizan los autores proponiendo una nueva perspectiva para los abogados comparatistas, buscando revitalizar la investigación jurídica.
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Khan, Adnan. "Blasphemy laws and freedom of speech : a comparative study of Islamic law and modern law." Thesis, University of Lincoln, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.629938.
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McCoy, Gerard John Xavier. "Uxorial privileges in substantive criminal law: a comparative law enquiry." University of Canterbury. School of Law, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/3674.
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This thesis investigates three exemplars of uxorial substantive privileges in the criminal law: the marital coercion doctrine, the intraspousal conspiracy exemption, and the uxorial post-offence accessorial immunity. Their history, choreography and variations are comparatively investigated across the common law jurisdictions including the impact of statutory interventions. The principal argument is that the judicial and legislative treatment of these uxorial privileges has been inconsistent or erratic so that they are not the products of any systematic, modern development in the criminal law. This thesis proposes that there is no justification for their continued retention in common law legal systems. Archival, Parliamentary, and other sources have been used to identify the factors impinging upon the creation of specific statutory uxorial privileges. The diaspora of these laws throughout the other common law jurisdictions is investigated. The discussion is illustrated by examination of the particular issues raised by polygamy, customary law concubinage as well as by gender-reassignment. This thesis examines whether both gender-specific and marriage-specific criteria are valid constituents within the parameters of substantive criminal law. It traces the genesis of these special defences within the criminal law available exclusively to women, from the time of King Ine of the West Saxons c712, to examine the current status of such laws throughout common law jurisdictions. The investigation explores factors shaping the creation of a statutory defence of marital coercion by the British Parliament in 1925 and outlines the challenges generated by that law and its extraordinary resilience. This thesis demonstrates the failure of the criminal law to provide an overarching construct to implement emergent gender equality.
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Wang, Yu Xi. "The concept of mixed legal system : a Chinese perspective." Thesis, University of Macau, 2012. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b2586420.
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Cabrillac, Rémy. "Economic Duress: overview of Comparative Law." IUS ET VERITAS, 2017. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/122572.
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This paper explains how the notion of economic duress is understood in different legal regimes of Civil Law and Common Law. This way, the author first addresses the concept of economic duress from a restrictive sense (as a defect of consent) and, later, develops the concept from a wider perspective (taking into account an objective economic imbalance).El presente artículo explica cómo se entiende la noción de violencia económica en diversos ordenamientos jurídicos tanto del Civil Law como del Common Law. Así, el autor aborda primero el concepto de violencia económica en un sentido restringido (como vicio del consentimiento), y posteriormente lo desarrolla desde una perspectiva más amplia (tomando en cuenta un desequilibrio económico objetivo).
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Drummond, Susan G. (Susan Gay) 1959. "Legal itineraries through Spanish Gitano family law : a comparative law ethnography." Thesis, McGill University, 2001. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=38447.
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In the context of globalization, the idea of place is reputed to be losing its footing. This thesis explores the implications of these developments with respect to the way that place is constructed in law by focusing on tensions between the concept of jurisdiction and the ways that the contexts of law overspill it, threatening to engulf comparative analysis. Central to the idea that jurisdiction is losing its familiar moorings is the implication that other forms of thinking about legal normativity are emerging as more commonsensical alternatives to the state-based idea of jurisdiction that emerged in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. The thesis explores this hypothesis by bringing elements of the discipline of comparative law (conventionally state based) into play with elements of the discipline of legal anthropology (conventionally culture based). The focus for this theoretical intrigue is an Gitano population in the South of Spain that served as the fieldwork locale for seven months of ethnographic fieldwork carried out in 1995. Investigations are centered on the theme of family law. Familiar notions of state and culture, and the legal sensibilities associated with each, are examined through exploring the interplay between local expressions of Gitanitude in Jerez de la Frontera and regional, national, international, and global forces that structure legal sensibilities in the area. The first chapter explores the interplay by focusing on the context surrounding Spain's reforms to family law in the 1980s. The familiar frontiers of the state are prodded through this analysis. The second chapter then explores the frontiers of culture through an examination of a variety of expressions of Gitanitude in Spain. The third chapter brings modified versions of state and culture together in a reconceptualisation of family law. As a whole, the thesis suggests a new way of approaching the problematic relationship between context and the disciplines of comparative law an
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Chen, Liuye <1992>. "Reasonableness in European and Chinese Contract Law. A Comparative Law Study." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/9899/1/Thesis_Liuye_Chen.pdf.
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Contemporary private law, in teh last few decades, TEMPhas been increasingly characterized by teh spread of general clauses and standards and by teh growing role of interpreters in teh framework of teh sources of law. dis process TEMPhas also consistently effected those systems dat are not typically centered on judge-made law. In particular in contract law general clauses and standards has assumed a leading role and has become protagonists of processes of integration and harmonization of teh law. Wifin dis context, teh reasonableness clause TEMPhas come to teh attention of scholars, emerging as a new element of connection between different legal systems -first of all between common law and civil law – and even between different legal traditions.
dis research aims at reconstructing teh patterns of emersion and evolution of teh TEMPprincipal of reasonableness in contract law both wifin European Union Law and in teh Chinese legal system, in order to identify evolutionary trends, processes of emersion and circulation of legal models and teh scope of operation of teh TEMPprincipal in teh two contexts.
In view of teh increasingly intense economic relations between Europe and China, wifin teh framework of teh new project called Belt and Road Initiative, a comparative survey of dis type can foster mutual understanding and make communications more TEMPeffective, at teh level of legal culture and commercial relations, and to support teh processes of supranational harmonization of contract law rules.
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Yoo, Namyoung. "Japanese spirit and Western utility : a comparative study of Japanese conflicts jurisprudence /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/9618.
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Kadelbach, Philipp. "The law affecting comparative advertising in South Africa." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/11035.
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Includes bibliographical references (p. 153-159).Preliminary research showed that: firstly, South Africa's policy on comparative advertising is restrictive, and, secondly, that the country has a market structure where such advertising has the potential for a very positive effect on the market. Realising the potential role advertising could play in South Africa, the concept was born; not only to present South Africa's policy on the issue, but also to embark on an abstract analysis of the advertising regulation structure. The analysis provides the opportunity to present reasons for the present restrictive policy, and provides an essential background to pinpointing why policy changes might be necessary, and the changes required to reach a more satisfactory conclusion, based on literature and case reports available to me as at July 2002.
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Cabral, Harsha, and n/a. "Corporate law, derivative actions : a comparative approach." University of Canberra. Law, 1999. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20060622.163443.
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This thesis is a culmination of a research of a particular branch of Corporate Law, which
has grown in several major parts of civilized jurisdictions. The thrust of the study was to
evaluate the past, present and the future of a particular type of action known in Corporate
Law under the umbrella of shareholder remedies - the 'Derivative Action' with emphasis
to develop the law in one jurisdiction profiting from another. The research thus reveals
how, when and where the so called action originated, the initial effects these actions had on
the corporate world including shareholders, companies and related persons natural or
juristic. Though much has been written by way of books, treatises and articles and several
researches have dealt with the common topic shareholder remedies in its broad perspect,
there is no separate study carried out on this topic in its global context with a comparative
focus. This study has therefore given me the drive, initiative and courage to look at the
conceptual view or the macro view of the so called 'Derivative Action' with of course
special emphasis on the Australian and Sri Lankan jurisdictions in its micro aspects. This, I
believe is the first time anyone has undertaken such a task. The study thus travels through
distant roads of common law action to the statutory form of the action in the relevant
jurisdictions and finds it driving with much purpose in jurisdictions such as Australia and
Sri Lanka which are both in the transitional era from the common law action to the
statutory action.
The research is based on the collection of material namely, case law - Australian, Sri
Lankan and international on the matters in issue, Legal treatises on the subject matter local
and international, Law reform material - Australian, Sri Lankan and international on the
topic, Bills and Statutes available on the topic in Australia, Sri Lanka and other countries.
I have met resource personnel with regard to Law Reform in several jurisdictions on the
matters in issue and visited the Australian Stock Exchange and the Colombo Stock
Exchange.
The research findings depend mainly on the electronic data available in addition to
resources available at the University of Canberra, the Australian National University,
Colombo Law Library, The Colombo Law Society Library and the Sri Lanka Supreme
Court Judges' Chambers Library and the Sri Lanka Attorney General's Department
Library. Visits to the McGill University in Montreal, Canada and the corporate law sector
in New Zealand, including Universities and Law Offices in Christchurch and Auckland too
has helped me considerably in the process.
Review of the literature of the proposed statutory Derivative Action in Australia and the
proposed statutory Derivative Action in Sri Lanka, are based mainly on; Enforcement of
the duties of directors and officers of a company by means of a statutory derivative action
(Report No. 12) Companies and Securities Law Review Committee. (November 1990.),
Corporate Practices and the Rights of Shareholders (Report of the House of
Representatives Standing Committee on Legal and Constitutional Affairs) Parliament of
the Commonwealth of Australia. (November 1991.), Report on A Statutory Derivative
Action Companies and Securities Advisory Committee. (July 1993.), Corporate Law
Economic Reform Program (CLERP) Proposal Paper No 3 (1997), the CLERP draft
legislative provisions (1998), Australian case law on the application of the common law
Derivative Action, both in the High Court and in individual States and Australian articles
on Derivative Action as a common law remedy and on the introduction of the statutory
action. In the Sri Lankan context, the proposals in Sri Lanka for the statutory Derivative
Action and the case law in Sri Lanka on the application of the common law remedy has
been referred to. Other literature include, material available on the Canadian formula of
Derivative Action, including Statutes, Rules, case law, articles and other relevant data,
material available on the Derivative Actions in the United States, material available in New
Zealand on Derivative Actions, material available in England on Derivative Actions,
namely on the common law approach, case law, articles, Bills, Rules and other connected
material, Statutes on Derivative Actions in other jurisdictions at present and Hong Kong
proposals for a statutory Derivative Action, to name some.
The aforesaid material and the review of the same have assisted the study as follows:
-To place the past, present and the future of the common law Derivative Action.
-Examine the objectives of the Derivative Action.
-The operation of the common law aspects of the action.
-The benefits of the statutory form of the action.
-Experiences of other countries in the recent past on the subject.
-The Australian reform process presently underway.
-The best experiences in Australia with regard to case law.
-To evaluate whether the remedy should be limited to fraud on the minority or whether it
should be extended further even to negligence.
-How best Sri Lanka could benefit from the Australian formula of the statutory form of the
action.
-To evaluate whether the proposed model of the statutory action in Sri Lanka is adequate in
view of the Australian and other accepted formulae on the subject.
-Whether the common law action should be expressly abolished in Sri Lanka.
-Consider the possible introduction of the best methods to Sri Lanka.
Finally, the research speaks for itself the need for a statutory Derivative Action for Sri
Lanka in the future, to be an improvement on the Canadian, New Zealand and Australian
models. The research findings, especially in its conclusions and recommendation in
Chapter 8, will no doubt help to improve the proposed statutory Derivative Action in Sri
Lanka in a small way.
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Sainter, S. "The law of agency : a comparative analysis." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.366108.
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Lin, Ching-Lang. "Arbitration in administrative contracts : comparative law perspective." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014IEPP0023/document.
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Il a été longuement discuté de savoir si le système d'arbitrage est applicable pour régler les litiges administratifs qui concernent certains contrats administratifs ou d’autres sans rapport avec le contrat administratif. Dans cette thèse, les trois questions spécifiques sont analysées tour à tour : (1) Est-il possible pour un arbitre ou un tribunal arbitral de trancher des questions relevant du droit administratif? (2) Y a-t-il, ou devrait-il y avoir, des limitations à l'autorité des arbitres et des tribunaux arbitraux? (3) Enfin, après la délivrance d'une sentence arbitrale, quel rôle devrait jouer l'État dans la phase de contrôle judiciaire? La première question concerne l'arbitrabilité et a été discutée dans la première partie (FIRST PART: ARBITRABILITY). La deuxième question a été discutée dans la deuxième partie (SECOND PART: PARTICULAR QUESTIONS OF ADMINISTRATIVE MATTERS IN ARBITRATION PROCEDURE). Enfin, sur la dernière question a fait l’objet d’une troisième partie (THIRD PART: JUDICIAL REVIEW AND EXECUTION OF ARBITRATION AWARD). Dans cette thèse, nous avons comparé les systèmes de quatre pays (Canada, Chine, France, Taïwan). En conclusion, nous pouvons donc conclure que l’évolution de la conception du contrat administratif implique de nombreux aspects, y compris les aspects juridiques, économiques, politiques et même culturels. Le développement de la fonction de contentieux administratif, comme ‘’subjectivement orienté" ou "objectivement orienté" aura une incidence sur l'acceptation de l'arbitrage en matière administrative. Dans l'ensemble, l'arbitrage sera plus acceptable dans les systèmes dont la fonction est plus ‘’subjectivement orientée" que dans ceux dont la fonction est "objectivement orientée"While arbitration has traditionally been considered as a means to resolve private disputes, its role in disputes involving administrative contracts is a crucial question in administrative law. In brief, the three specific questions are (1) Can arbitrators or arbitral tribunals decide issues involving administrative law? and (2) Is there, or should there be, any limitation on the authority of arbitrators or arbitral tribunals? (3) Moreover, after the issue of an arbitration award, what role should the State play in the judicial review phase? The first question, the issue of arbitrability, is discussed in part 1 (FIRST PART: ARBITRABILITY). The second question will be discussed in part2 (SECOND PART: PARTICULAR QUESTIONS OF ADMINISTRATIVE MATTERS IN ARBITRATION PROCEDURE). Finally, on the question of what happens after the arbitration award, we will discuss judicial review in part 3 (THIRD PART: JUDICIAL REVIEW AND EXECUTION OF ARBITRATION AWARD). We compare legal systems between the four countries: in France, in Canada, in China and in Taiwan. We believe that an administrative contract, at least in its function and conception, is gradually becoming different from a private contract. Innovation with respect to administrative contracts will also reflect the concentration and function of the administrative litigation systems in each country. In addition, the “objective” or “subjective” function of administrative litigation will also affect the degree of arbitrability, as well as arbitration procedures. Taken together, arbitration will be more acceptable in systems whose function is more “subjectively oriented” than in those whose function is “objectively oriented". Finally, “the arbitration of administrative matters” traditionally has been an important question in administrative and arbitration law. In the future, we will continue to see it shine in the doctrine and jurisprudence of both the administrative and arbitration law fields
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Lee, Lai-lan, and 李麗蘭. "The new PRC company law: a comparison with Hong Kong company law : its adequacies and deficiencies." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1995. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31266629.
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Ahmed, Mukarrum. "A comparative study of the fundamental juridical nature, classification and private law enforcement of jurisdiction and choice of law agreements in the English common law of conflict of laws, the European Union private international law regime and the Hague Convention on Choice of Court Agreements." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2016. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=230177.
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During the course of this PhD thesis, it will be argued that it is misconceived to think of jurisdiction and choice of law agreements as unilaterally enforced domestic private law obligations within an English 'dispute resolution' paradigm because multilateral private international law rules are essentially secondary rules for the allocation of regulatory authority which may not permit a separation of functions or the relative effect of such agreements. In other words, a multilateral system for the public ordering of private law will assume priority over or trump the existence of the private law rights and obligations of the parties to the jurisdiction and choice of law agreement and the unilateral enforcement of such rights via anti-suit injunctions and the damages remedy. Otherwise, the private law enforcement of the mutual contractual obligation not to sue in a noncontractual forum attributed to an exclusive jurisdiction agreement may operate as a 'unilateral private international law rule' with a controversial and confrontational allocative function of its own. It may lead to the 'privatization of court access' by dubiously perpetuating and prioritizing the unilateral private ordering of private law over the multilateral public ordering of private law. Moreover, the enforcement of jurisdiction and choice of law agreements by private law remedies within a multilateral system will necessarily distort the allocative or distributive function of private international law rules by giving precedence to the redistributive will of the parties premised on principles of corrective justice inter partes of questionable applicability. International structural order is compromised in the unilateral private law enforcement of jurisdiction and choice of law agreements as such enforcement gives rise to a clash of sovereign legal orders and also the possibility of 'regime collision' by interfering with the jurisdiction, judgments and choice of law apparatus of foreign courts which a multilateral conception of private international law is supposed to prevent in the first place. However, this PhD thesis will argue that outside the confines of the EU private international law regime, the variable geometry that is characteristic of the international commercial litigation sphere may not impede the separation of functions within such agreements. Whether an English court ought to grant a pragmatic private law remedy enforcing such agreements is of course another matter. Ultimately, a more comprehensive concept of transnational justice in private international law disputes informed by methodological pluralism needs to be developed. A notion of transnational justice which seeks to simultaneously balance the competing demands of the notion of 'conflicts justice' which prioritizes ex ante multilateral allocative imperatives and the idea of an ex post material justice between the litigating parties in the individual instance.
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Pourbaix, Marie-Noëlle. "Étude comparative sur l'abandon d'enfants." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0011/MQ32552.pdf.
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Abdul, Malek Normi. "Malaysian law of custody : a comparative study with Islamic, English and Scottish laws." Thesis, Glasgow Caledonian University, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.388285.
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Cadinot, Clément. "Les Préambules des constitutions : approche comparative." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0340.
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Les préambules constitutionnels sont répandus à travers le monde, depuis le constitutionnalisme de la fin du XVIIIème. A ce jour, plus de deux constitutions sur trois dans le monde en sont précédées. Pourtant, leur nature suscite un faible intérêt pour la doctrine, voire même un rejet. Pourtant, l'intérêt que leur porte constituants contemporains et l'utilisation qui en est faite par les juges constitutionnels invalide cette position de principe. Il convient de s'attacher à la variété des préambules constitutionnels à travers le monde, en dégager des fonctions et comprendre leurs utilisations contentieuses (ce qui n'exclut nullement la possibilité que certaines juridictions constitutionnelles ne s'y réfèrent pas). A ces fins, une approche marco-comparative puis micro-comparative semblent nécessaires pour embrasser cet objet juridique rarement étudié de manière systématiqueConstitutional Preambles are worldwide spread from the late 18st Century constitutionalism. And today, more than two to three constitutions are opened with such a Preamble. Yet, regarding to their particuliar nature, law studies dealing with them are quite rare, if not deny them. However, the certain onstituents'interest to them and their use by constitutional judges just disprove it. A broad and methodic study dealing with the wide range of Preambles shall be established in ordre to understand their functions and their judicial uses - though a jurisdiction can not use them. To that end, a broad - macro-comparativ - and then a micro-comparativ study must be done, since a systematic study on Preambles has not been done
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O'Malley, William Joseph. "The Informal sector under Ohada: Implications for law and development." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/27810.
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This dissertation evaluates the Organization for the Harmonisation of Business Law in Africa (OHADA) in relation to the informal sector in West Africa. The paper also considers the challenges to successful legal reform arising from the interaction of African cultural and social values with imposed formal law. Means to improve links between OHADA formal laws and institutions to the realities of the majority of Africans living and operating in the informal sector are suggested. These topics are explored within a thematic context of desiring to enhance the development prospects for the people in the region.
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Liu, Hongyan. "Liner conferences in competition law a comparative analysis of European and Chinese law." Berlin Heidelberg Springer, 2009. http://d-nb.info/995338809/04.
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Sims, Vanessa Karin. "Good faith in contract law : a comparative analysis of English and German law." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2003. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/265456.
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The concept of good faith has an important role to play in English contract law, where the elements necessary for its recognition already exist. Nevertheless, the issue has divided the contract community. Although there is strong support for the recognition of such a concept, it is more often rejected on the basis that it would be, at best, unnecessary and, at worst, a serious disruption of contract law. These arguments are correct to the extent that it would indeed be difficult, if not impossible, to transplant an existing continental version of good faith into English law. They fail, however, to consider the possibility of good faith developing organically within the common law, as an overarching principle integral to general law of contract that governs the performance of agreements. In preparation for the argument that the elements necessary for the recognition of a concept of good faith already exist in English law, the use of the term 'good faith' in contracts uberrimae .fidei and the Unfair Terms in Consumer Contracts Regulations 1999 is contrasted with, respectively related to, the present debate. The analysis then focuses on the implied term of mutual trust and confidence in employment law, which is identified as a functional equivalent to the German concept of Treu und Glauben. The subsequent extension of this comparison to terms commonly implied into commercial contracts culminates in the identification of the key elements of good faith. At one level, it ensures that contracts are performed as they were intended to be, by ensuring that the parties do not abuse contractual rights for an extraneous purpose; at another, it provides an instrument for the enforcement of policy considerations within the contractual framework. The central concern is always the balancing of interests - those of the parties, those of the community within which the parties are operating, and those of society as a whole. The elements thereby identified are more than capable of refinement into a coherent theory; this thesis commences the process of conceptual analysis and thereby takes the first step towards the recognition of a truly English concept of good faith.
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Ibrahim, Ahmad Basri Bin. "Kidnapping and hostage-taking in malaysian law and Islamic law : A comparative study." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.497558.
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Magone, Michael A. "Education law priorities and need a comparative analysis /." CONNECT TO THIS TITLE ONLINE, 2007. http://etd.lib.umt.edu/theses/available/etd-09262007-112630/.
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Hjerrild, Bodil. "Studies in Zoroastrian family law : a comparative analysis /." Copenhagen : Museum Tusculanum Press, 2003. http://www.gbv.de/dms/spk/sbb/recht/toc/362635250.pdf.
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Conley, Anna. "A comparative law analysis of U.S. judicial assistance." Thesis, McGill University, 2007. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=18431.
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This thesis analyzes 28 U.S.C. §1782 from a comparative point of view, and highlights the problems with the statute that become quite apparent when comparing the statute with its common law counterparts. I have chosen England and Canada as comparative jurisdictions because they are common law jurisdictions with at least some pre-trial discovery, judicial assistance statutes, and developed caselaw regarding these issues. The main deficiencies of §1782 that a comparative analysis brings to light are its anti-comity implications, its unfairness to U.S. defendants, and its refusal to acknowledge worldwide distaste toward U.S. style discovery. A simple solution to §1782's current problems would be to allow only foreign courts and tribunals to request judicial assistance, as opposed to any interested person.La présente thèse adopte une approche comparative à la fois pour analyser l'article 1782 de l'U.S.C. 28 et pour souligner les problèmes qui surviennent lorsque cette loi est comparée à ses pendants des pays régis par la common law. Le Canada et l'Angleterre se sont imposés en tant que pays comparables puisque ces derniers sont régis par la common law, procèdent à des enquêtes préalables, disposent de lois sur l'entraide judiciaire et d'une jurisprudence détaillée faisant état des problèmes qui y sont liés. Aussi, l'emploi d'une méthode comparative a permis de révéler les principales lacunes de l'article 1782, soit ses conséquences néfastes sur la courtoisie entre tribunaux, son injustice à l'égard des inculpés américains et son refus de reconnaître le malaise éprouvé mondialement envers les techniques employées par les États-Unis pour recueillir des éléments de preuve. Par ailleurs, une solution simple aux problèmes actuels de l'article 1782 consisterait à permettre uniquement aux cours et aux tribunaux étrangers de réclamer l'entraide judiciaire, plutôt que de le permettre à toute personne intéressée.
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Singhvi, A. M. "The law of emergency powers : a comparative study." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.246633.
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PINTO, JOSE GUILHERME BERMAN CORREA. "COMPARATIVE CONSTITUTIONAL LAW AND WEAK-FORM JUDICIAL REVIEW." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2013. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=22217@1.
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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIROCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
Até os anos 1980, tratar de controle de constitucionalidade no âmbito do direito comparado significava ignorar a prática constitucional desenvolvida em boa parte dos países da família da common law. Isso porque o Reino Unido, juntamente com algumas de suas ex-colônias (como Canadá, Nova Zelândia e Austrália, além de Israel, cujo território fora um protetorado inglês antes de se tornar um Estado independente), apegados ao dogma da soberania do Parlamento, resistiam em reconhecer a juízes não eleitos competência para invalidar atos emanados dos legítimos representantes do povo. O cenário começa a mudar com a aprovação da Carta de Direitos e Liberdades canadense, em 1982. Nesta ocasião, os direitos fundamentais foram recolhidos em um documento jurídico dotado de supremacia e rigidez, tendo sido facultado a juízes e tribunais invalidar normas que não os respeitassem. Mas, para conciliar a nova prática com a tradição constitucional habituada à supremacia do Parlamento, alguns arranjos foram feitos, de forma a permitir que a última palavra em matéria de interpretação de direitos constitucionalmente protegidos permanecesse com o legislador. Surgiu, assim, um novo modelo de controle de constitucionalidade, no qual o judiciário possui um papel importante, mas não determinante, na proteção a direitos fundamentais. Este modelo, aqui chamado de controle fraco de constitucionalidade, serviu de inspiração para que o próprio Reino Unido e outras de suas ex-colônias adotassem alguma forma de judicial review entre os anos que marcaram a virada do século XX para o XXI. Nesta tese, pretende-se apresentar as características desse novo modelo, contrapondo-o ao modelo tradicional (forte) de controle de constitucionalidade e, ao final, fazer reflexões sobre a possível recepção do novo sistema em países integrantes da família romano-germânica.
By the 1980s, to approach judicial review in the context of comparative law meant to ignore the constitutional practice developed in a number of members within the common-law family of nations. This happened because the United Kingdom, along with some of her former colonies (such as Canada, New Zealand and Australia, besides Israel, whose territory had been an English protectorate before becoming an independent state), attached to the principle of Parliament s sovereignty, resisted the endowment of unelected judges with the power to invalidate acts performed by the people s legitimate representatives. The scenario began to change with the adoption of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms in 1982. On that occasion, fundamental rights were put into a legal document tagged with supremacy and rigidity; judges and courts having been authorized to invalidate norms that clearly did not respect such rights. However, to accommodate the new practice without sacrificing the constitutional tradition more accustomed to the sovereignty of Parliament, some arrangements were made in order to allow that the last word on the interpretation of constitutionallyprotected rights would remain with the legislator. Thus a new pattern of judicial review appeared in which the Judiciary plays a significant, but not decisive role in protecting fundamental rights. This pattern, herein called weak-form judicial review, inspired the UK herself and other former colonies to adopt some form of judicial review, in the years that marked the turn of the 20th century to the 21st. The present paper intends to present the characteristics of this new pattern, comparing it to the traditional (strong) judicial review pattern, and it eventually elaborates on the possible receptivity to the new system by member countries of the civil law family of nations.
29
Kahn, Robert Andrew. "Holocaust denial and the law : a comparative study /." New York : Palgrave Macmillan, 2004. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb400005794.
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Thesis Ph. D--Political science--Baltimore--Johns Hopkins University, 2000. Titre de soutenance : The limits of legal fairness : holocaust denial and the law in America, Canada, France and Germany.Bibliogr. p. 191-198.
30
Montanini, Giulia <1992>. "Slavish imitation in Chinese law: a comparative perspective." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/11874.
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The purpose of this thesis is to analyse the phenomenon of slavish imitation as an act of unfair competition, in a national and international legal framework, with a special focus on the Chinese practices to safeguard the external form of the products.
31
Stoker, Stuart Mitchell Imrie. "A comparative study of law reform implementation : selected cases /." Thesis, Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 1987. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B42574110.
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TSALPATOUROS, Eva. "Le statut normatif des décisions du juge constitutionnel en droit comparé." Doctoral thesis, European University Institute, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/13177.
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Defence Date: 29 October 2007Examining Board: Prof. Wojciech Sadurski, (Institut Universitaire Européen) ; Prof. Otto Pfersmann, (Université I Panthéon-Sorbonne) ; Prof. Luís María Díez-Picazo Giménez, (Universidad Castilla-La-Mancha) ; Prof. Jacques Ziller, (Institut Universitaire Européen)
PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digital archive of EUI PhD theses
no abstract available
33
Denson, Razaana. "A comparative exposition of Islamic law relating to the law of husband and wife." Thesis, Nelson Mandela University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/19564.
Full textAbstract:
Notwithstanding the enactment of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996 the recognition of systems of religious, personal or family law for certain cultural and religious groups has either been limited or is virtually non-existent. To this extent, marriages concluded in terms of Islamic rites do not enjoy the same legal recognition that is accorded to civil and customary marriages. Non-recognition of Muslim marriages means there is no legal regulatory framework to enforce any of the consequences that arise as a result of the marriage, or any orders that are made by the Ulama, thereby creating a perilous situation that has dire consequences for spouses to a Muslim marriage. Despite South Africa’s commitment to the right of equality and freedom of religion, the courts have acknowledged that the failure to grant recognition to Muslim marriages on the ground of gender equality, has worsened the plight of women in these marriages, in that they were left without effective legal protection, should the union be dissolved either by death or divorce. Whilst the ad hoc recognition of certain consequences of Muslim marriages by the judiciary has gone a some way to redress the plight of Muslim women, and provided relief to the lived realities of Muslim women, these decisions are in fact contrary to the teachings and principles of Islam and therefore problematic for Muslims. These court decisions, that are in conflict with Muslim Personal Law (MPL), will ultimately lead to the emergence of a distorted set of laws relating to Muslim family law. This is a real cause for concern. This thesis is written from an Islamic legal theory perspective, which is contrary to western legal theory, as the latter adopts a human rights perspective. The basis of modern western democratic societies is a constitution that is premised on human rights and equality and which advocates the notion that the rights contained in the constitution reign supreme in all matters, religion included. Therefore, where a conflict arises in respect of the freedom of religion and the right to equality, western ideologies and philosophies dictate that the latter trump the former. This would inevitably mean that religious law would have to be adapted and ultimately amended so that it is in compliance with the constitution. From an Islamic religious perspective, this is not feasible and practicing Muslims will find this untenable. This may be legally uncomfortable in South Africa as a constitutional democracy but it is the reality for the adherents of the Muslim faith. A draft Muslim Marriages Bill (MMB) was released in 2003, and an amended MMB was tabled in Parliament in 2010. Both MMBs propose the legal recognition and regulation of Muslim marriages in South Africa. However, the two major issues delaying the enactment of the MMB into legislation are, firstly, whether or not the MMB would pass constitutional muster and secondly, the lack of agreement in the Muslim community on whether the MMB is Shari’ah compliant. Despite the largely consultative process that the MMBs underwent the legislative attempts to enact the MMB into legislation has not been successful. This thesis seeks to provide a possible solution whereby legislation regulating MPL law can be implemented in South Africa, notwithstanding the apparent conflict existing between MPL and the rights contained in the Bill of Rights. Notwithstanding the preference shown by the legislature to enact the MMB into legislation which will grant recognition to Muslim marriages, it is submitted there is a need for the legislature to rethink the approach that has to date been adopted. To this extent, it is submitted that the legislature should reconsider granting recognition to Muslim marriages by enacting legislation that takes the form of general legislation where state recognition is granted to all religious marriages, whether it be Muslim, Hindu or Jewish marriages. General legislation would mean that the state would require the marriage to be registered. However, the prescribed requirements, formalities and the consequences of the marriage would be determined by the chosen religious system of the spouses. On a national level a comparative analysis between Islamic law and the South African legal system, relating to the law of marriage is conducted. For the comparative analysis on an international level the law of marriage in England and Wales has been chosen. South Africa and England and Wales share a commitment to human rights and have adopted various approaches in respect of accommodating the application of Islamic law. Furthermore, an internal pluralism exists within the Muslim communities in South Africa, England and Wales as the majority of Muslims in these countries have to varying degrees developed diverse strategies to ensure compliance with Islamic law, and as well as South African and English law. The manner in which MPL is granted recognition needs to be given careful consideration as the implementation of this legislation will only be successful if it is compatible with the rulings and teachings of Islamic law. Caution should therefore be exercised to ensure that the fundamental aspects of MPL are not compromised as this will result in the legislation not being Shari’ah compliant and there will be no buyin from the Muslim community, with the consequence that this legislation will be mere paper law.
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Watt, Ilze Jr. "The consequences of contracts concluded by unassisted minors : a comparative evaluation." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/71723.
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Thesis (LLM)--Stellenbosch University, 2012.Includes bibliography
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: It is a general principle of the law of South Africa that an unassisted contract of a minor is unenforceable against the minor. Although it binds the other party, the minor is not bound. The minor will only be bound if the contract is enforced by his guardian, or if the contract is ratified by the child after attaining majority. This implies that the other party is in a rather unfortunate position, since the effectiveness of the contract will remain uncertain until the guardian of the minor decides to enforce or repudiate the contract, or until the minor ratifies it after attaining majority. The other party may not resile from the contract during this interim period. Should it be established that the contract has failed, the question arises to what extent the parties are obliged to return performances made in purported fulfilment of the contract. In terms of the law of South Africa, the prevailing view is that these claims are based on unjustified enrichment. However, the extent of these claims differs. In principle, both parties’ liability will be limited to the amount remaining in its estate, according to the defence of loss of enrichment. But the application of the defence is subject to an exception that does not apply equally to the parties. Had the other party known or should the other party have known that the enrichment was sine causa, yet continued to part with it, he will be held liable for the full enrichment. However, this exception does not apply to the enrichment liability of minors. In other words, whether the minor knew or should have known that the enrichment was sine causa, he would still be allowed to raise the defence of loss of enrichment. Furthermore, the rules applicable to minors’ enrichment liability applies to all minors, and no scope is left to consider the specific circumstances of each minor. It is accepted that there are two competing principles relating to minors’ unassisted contracts. On the one hand, the law must protect the minor from his immaturity and lack of experience. On the other hand, the law must protect the interests of the other party. It will be seen throughout this study that the determination of how to balance these competing principles is not an easy task. The key aim of this thesis is to investigate the principles governing the unwinding of unassisted minors’ contracts in South Africa. A comparison will be made with the principles applied in other legal systems, in order to identify similarities and differences in the approaches and, to establish what underlies the differences in the various approaches. Germany, England and Scotland have been chosen for comparison for various reasons. First, they share some historical roots, and they represent three major legal traditions, namely the civil law, common law and mixed legal systems, of which South Africa also forms part. Secondly, both England and Scotland have experienced recent legislative reform in this regard, which implies that their respective legal systems should be in line with modern tendencies, and consequently they may provide a valuable framework for possible reform in South Africa. In Germany, although mainly regulated by rather older legislation, there have been interesting developments in the determination of consequences of failed contracts. Hellwege has argued that the unwinding of all contracts should be treated similarly, regardless of the unwinding factor. He has also suggested that in order to prevent the accumulation of risk on one party, and to ensure that the risk is placed on the person who is in control of the object, the defence of loss of enrichment should not be available to any party. His reasoning and suggestions is dealt with in more detail in this thesis. This study argues that the current strict approach applied under South African law regarding minors’ unassisted contracts needs to be re-considered. The current approach is dated and is not in line with modern tendencies and legislation. No proper consideration is given to minors’ development into adulthood or personal circumstances of the parties. It is submitted that in the process of re-consideration, some form of acknowledgement must be given to minors’ development towards mature adults. It is submitted that this would be possible by introducing a more flexible approach to regulate the enforceability and unwinding of minors’ unassisted contracts.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING Dit is ‘n algemene beginsel van die Suid-Afrikaanse reg dat ‘n kontrak aangegaan deur ‘n minderjarige sonder die nodige bystand van sy ouer of voog onafdwingbaar is teenoor die minderjarige. Die minderjarige sal slegs gebonde wees indien die kontrak afgedwing word deur sy voog, of indien die minderjarige self die kontrak ratifiseer nadat hy meerderjarig word. Dit impliseer dat die ander party in ‘n ongunstige posisie is, aangesien die werking van die kontrak onseker is totdat die voog besluit om die kontrak af te dwing of te repudieer, of totdat die minderjarige dit ratifiseer nadat hy meerderjarig word. Gedurende hierdie interim periode mag die ander party nie terugtree uit hierdie kontrak nie. Sou dit bepaal word dat die kontrak misluk het, ontstaan die vraag tot watter mate die partye verplig word om prestasies wat reeds gemaak is, terug te gee. In terme van die Suid-Afrikaanse reg is die meerderheidsopinie dat hierdie eise gebaseer is op onregverdige verryking, maar die omvang van die partye se eise verskil. In beginsel is beide partye se aanspreeklikheid beperk tot die bedrag wat steeds in sy boedel beskikbaar is, weens die beskikbaarheid van die verweer van verlies van verryking. Maar die toepassing van die verweer is onderworpe aan ‘n uitsondering wat nie op beide partye geld nie. Indien die ander party geweet het of moes geweet het dat die verryking sine causa was, maar steeds afstand gedoen het van die verryking, sal hy aanspreeklik gehou word vir die volle verryking. Hierdie reel is egter nie van toepassing op die minderjarige se verrykingsaanspreeklikheid nie. Met ander woorde, indien die minderjarige geweet het of moes geweet het dat die verryking sine causa was, en steeds afstand gedoen het van die verryking, sal hy steeds die verweer van verlies van verryking kan opper. Bowendien, die reels van toepassing op minderjariges se verrykingsaanspreeklikheid is van toepassing op alle minderjariges, en geen ruimte word gelaat om die spesifieke omstandighede van elke minderjarige in ag te neem nie. Wanneer ons kontrakte aangegaan deur minderjariges sonder die nodige bystand, oorweeg, word dit algemeen aanvaar dat daar twee kompeterende beginsels van belang is. Aan die een kant moet die reg die minderjarige beskerm teen sy onvolwassenheid en gebrek aan ondervinding. Aan die ander kant moet die reg ook die belange van die ander party beskerm. Dit sal deurlopend in hierdie studie gesien word dat die behoorlike balansering van hierdie twee beginsels nie ‘n maklike taak is nie. Die hoofdoel van hierdie tesis is om die beginsels wat die afdwingbaarheid en ontbinding van minderjariges se kontrakte in Suid-Afrika, wat aangegaan is sonder die nodige bystand van ‘n voog, te ondersoek. ‘n Vergelyking sal getref word met die beginsels wat in ander regstelsels toegepas word, om sodoende die ooreenkomste en verskille te identifiseer, asook om te bepaal wat hierdie verskille onderlê. Duitsland, Engeland en Skotland is gekies as vergelykende jurisdiksies vir verskeie redes, naamlik hulle historiese gebondenheid en die feit dat hulle drie groot regstradisies (die kontinentale regstelsel, die gemenereg en die gemengde regstelsel) verteenwoordig. Bowendien het beide Engeland en Skotland onlangse wetgewende hervorming ondergaan in hierdie sfeer van die reg, wat impliseer dat hierdie regstelsels waarskynlik in lyn sal wees met moderne tendense. Gevolglik kan hulle ‘n waardevolle raamwerk skep waarbinne moontlike hervorming in Suid-Afrika mag plaasvind. Alhoewel Duitsland grotendeels nog deur ouer wetgewing gereguleer word, het dit ook ‘n reeks interessante verwikkelinge ondergaan in die bepaling van die gevolge van kontrakte wat misluk het. Hellwege argumenteer dat die ontbinding van alle kontrakte dieselfde hanteer moet word, ongeag die onderliggende ontbindende faktor. Hy stel ook voor dat om te verhoed dat die risiko op slegs een party geplaas word, en om te verseker dat dit eerder gedra word deur daardie party wat beheer het oor die voorwerp, die verweer van verlies van verryking nie vir enige party beskikbaar moet wees nie. Sy redenering en voorstelle word in meer besonderhede in hierdie studie bespreek. Hierdie studie argumenteer dat die huidige streng benadering wat in Suid-Afrika toegepas word met betrekking tot kontrakte aangegaan deur minderjariges sonder die nodige bystand van ‘n voog, heroorweeg moet word. Die huidige benadering is verouderd en is nie lyn met moderne tendense en wetgewing nie. Bowendien word geen behoorlike oorweging gegee aan minderjariges se ontwikkeling tot volwassenheid nie, en die partye se persoonlike omstandighede word ook nie in ag geneem nie. Daar word argumenteer dat in die proses van heroorweging, ‘n mate van erkenning gegee moet word aan minderjariges se persoonlike ontwikkeling. Daar word verder argumenteer dat ‘n meer buigsame benadering toegepas moet word ten opsigte van die regulering van die afdwingbaarheid en ontbinding van hierdie kontrakte.
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Erdemir, Omer. "A Comparative Approach To National Protection Law (1940-1956)." Master's thesis, METU, 2004. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12605670/index.pdf.
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A COMPARATIVE APPROACH TO NATIONAL PROTECTION LAW (1940-1956)
Erdemir, Ömer M.A, Department of History Supervisor: Prof.Dr. Seç
il Karal Akgü
n December 2004, 130 pages This thesis introduces a comparative history of National Protection Law of 1940 and 1956. It analyzes the two applications of the law, first, by the Republican People&rsquo
s Party governments during World War II, and second, by the Democratic Party Government during the years between 1956 and 1960 in view of the general economic policies followed during both periods. It argues, in reference to the ideological struggle over Turkish economic development during the twentieth century, that the enactments and applications of the first and second National Protection Law address the authoritarian characteristics of both the Republican People&rsquo
s Party and the Democratic Party. It further argues, the enactment and application of National Protection Law by the Democratic Party government contradicted with the party&rsquo
s economic principles whereas the Republican governments had already been on the interventionist path that they inherited from the previous decade of etatism. In addition, the thesis reveals that the first National Protection Law was more widely applied than the second. In both cases, the application of National Protection Law failed to solve economic problems and aroused a public discontent which brought about political losses for its executors.
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Smith, Anne Marie. "The appraisal remedy in corporate law a comparative study." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/5717.
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Kammel, Armin J. "The law of international banking institutions : a comparative analysis /." Vienna : Mille Tre, 2005. http://www.gbv.de/dms/spk/sbb/recht/toc/494675012.pdf.
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Smith, Alastair David. "Some comparative aspects of specific implement in Scots law." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.236166.
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Plunkett, James Christopher. "The duty of care : a comparative common law analysis." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:0323d109-bf6b-4ccc-bbcc-effa936e7b54.
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The general aim of this thesis is to provide a detailed overview of the duty of care enquiry, drawing on both academic analyses and judicial experience in leading common law systems. The thesis starts by exploring the history of the duty concept, including how it first came to be an element of the negligence enquiry, and how it later came to be determined via the use of a general formula. The thesis then explores and analyses the various methods through which the existence of a duty of care has been determined. Having provided an overview of the development of the duty concept, it is then argued that the duty of care is best understood as consisting of two discrete parts: a factual aspect and a notional aspect. It is suggested that the factual aspect of the duty enquiry is superfluous and should be abandoned so that the duty enquiry is a notional issue only. It is then argued that the notional aspect of the duty enquiry is best understood as consisting of two separate types of determinations: those relating to broad situations, and those based on assumptions of responsibility. Both of these types of notional duty determinations are explored in detail. The propriety of basing situational notional duty determinations on considerations of policy, and the necessity of notional duty, are also considered. Finally, the thesis provides an overview of an empirical study of ultimate appellate court duty decisions, investigating, among other things, whether the understanding of duty provided in the thesis is consistent with the practice of the courts.
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Bendezú, Medina Samuel H. "Critical analysis of Comparative Law. Interview with Tom Ginsburg." IUS ET VERITAS, 2017. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/122496.
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In this interview, the professor Tom Ginsburg addresses Comparative Law, the conditions for its study, its influence in capitalism, as well as his comparative studies over the constitutions, especially, of Latin American ones. He also addresses the conceptions that societies have about the relationship between Law and society, the moment of the creation of a Constitution, the factors involved in it and the perception of the judges and their decisions.En la presente entrevista, el profesor Tom Ginsburg comenta acerca del Derecho Comparado, de las condiciones para su estudio, de su influencia en el capitalismo, así como sus estudios comparados sobre las constituciones, en especial, de las latinoamericanas. También comenta las concepciones que las sociedades tienen acerca de la relación entre el Derecho y la sociedad, el momento de la creación de una Constitución, los factores involucrados en ella y, sobre la percepción de los jueces y sus decisiones.
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Nijsten, Machteld. "Abortion and constitutional law : a comparative European-American study /." Florence : European university institute, 1990. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35732666z.
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Erdemir, Ömer Supervisor :. Akgün Seçil Karal. "A comparative approach to national protectional law (1940-1956)." Ankara : METU, 2005. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12605670/index.pdf.
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Haji, Abdullah Luqman. "The classical Islamic Law of Waqf : a comparative approach." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/23032.
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This thesis is a study of the classical Islamic Law of Waqf. This thesis is divided into two parts. Part One is focused on the nature of waqf, while Part Two is about the administration of waqf. Part One is divided into two chapters. Chapter One provides a discussion of the nature and the legal principles of the classical law of waqf according to the four Sunni schools of law. It serves as the basis for later discussion and argumentation. The origin of the law of waqf is also discussed in this chapter. Chapter Two focuses on the constituent elements of waqf. It then analyzes the conditions for the validity of the founder of a waqf, the subject of a waqf, the object of a waqf and the declaration of waqf as provided by the classical jurists. Part Two comprises two chapters, i.e. Chapter Three and Chapter Four. Chapter Three discusses the office of the administrator of a waqf (nazir). It explores the discussion of the jurists regarding the role of the administrator of a waqf as well as his limit and power in the classical law. Chapter Four discusses the methods of maintenance and mobilization of waqf property. In tackling both parts a comparative approach has been taken, i.e., a comparison between the four sunni schools in matters concerning the principles of the schools in the classical Islamic law of waqf.
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Harrison, John Conacher. "The Mareva injunction : a comparative and critical analysis." Thesis, McGill University, 1992. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=60642.
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This thesis charts the progress of the Mareva Injunction from its inception in 1975 in England, to the present day. It examines selected issues of importance relating to the injunction and provides a critical analysis thereof recommending reforms where appropriate.The thesis commences with an examination of the historical origins of the jurisdiction in England. Chapter II looks at the evolution of the Mareva Injunction and Chapters II to VIII analyse certain legal consequences flowing from the Mareva Injunction which the author considers are of particular interest.
Section B of the thesis is a critical analysis and historical survey of the Mareva Injunction in Canadian law. It attempts to compare and contrast English and Canadian jurisprudence on this topic. The thesis concludes that the majority of jurisprudence in both England and Canada has helped and not hindered the development of the Mareva Injunction.
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Braslow, Norman Taylor. "Legal transplants and change : unjust enrichment law in Japan /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/9622.
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Atrey, Shreya. "Realising intersectionality in discrimination law." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:ff5720c2-d40f-4126-9a1e-3831e61f0986.
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The central aim of the thesis is to understand why intersectionality remains at the fringes of mainstream discrimination law and to provide an alternative vision to the dominant conception of single-axis discrimination. This aim is pursued by translating intersectionality theory into the conceptual and doctrinal precincts of comparative discrimination law of South Africa, Canada and the United Kingdom. The thesis is divided into three parts. Part One posits the framework of 'intersectional integrity' as forming the backbone of the category of intersectional discrimination. Its normative core insists on mapping the intersections between identities as creating unique and shared patterns of group disadvantage by considering people's identities as a whole. It is this bipartite framework against which the doctrine is considered. Part Two deals with the doctrinal limitations which impede a successful claim of intersectional discrimination. The comparative analysis fine-combs through the judicial interpretation to understand how it fares against the framework of intersectional integrity. The judicial strategies emerging from the doctrinal analysis are consolidated in the form of a graded spectrum which captures the proximity of each response from the category of intersectional discrimination. Beyond this conceptual reimagination, it also considers how other tools in discrimination law need to be recalibrated to accommodate an intersectional claim. These include the conception of equality and discrimination, the criteria for selection of analogous grounds, the understanding of indirect discrimination, the relationship between impact and justification analysis, apportioning the burden of proof and determining the standard of scrutiny. Part Three consolidates the normative insights emerging from the thesis. A restatement of the theoretical and doctrinal recalibrations helps imagine how a lawyer would walk through the labyrinth of discrimination law for realising a claim of intersectional discrimination.
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Staniland, Hilton. "A comparative analysis of maritime liens." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.316446.
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Noor, Fauziah Mohd. "Agricultural law - A comparative study between Islamic law and Malaysian law, with special reference to paddy cultivation in Malaysia." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.497556.
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Youngs, Raymond. "A comparative law assessment of the contribution which German human rights law can make to English human rights law." Thesis, Kingston University, 2013. http://eprints.kingston.ac.uk/27783/.
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Habibzadeh, Taher. "Developing and modernizing Iranian law in the context of electronic contracts by a comparative study of UNCITRAL rules, English law, American law, EU law and Iranian law." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2014. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/developing-and-modernizing-iranian-law-in-the-context-of-electronic-contractsbya-comparative-study-of-uncitral-rules-english-law-american-law-eu-law-and-iranian-law(004e86e1-83a6-42f0-9e6b-d3f6270696ad).html.
Full textAbstract:
In the modern world, electronic communications play a significant role in national and international electronic transactions. This issue has forced all legal systems to face up to many emerging legal problems in the context of electronic communications, such as the time and the place of formation of electronic contracts, the validation of e-contracts made by the interaction with e-agents, the legal validity of electronic documents and signatures, consumer protection in contracting electronically in particular in cross-border e-transactions, and the Internet jurisdiction and choice of law. One issue to determine is the place of formation of contracts when contracting electronically, either through email, websites or chat-rooms to see how the notion of 'place' is perceivable in cyberspace; and the way of application of the four traditional theories of information, dispatch, receipt and awareness relating to the time and place of conclusion of contracts in contracting by electronic means should be examined. Regarding the legal validity of e-contracts made through interactive websites, the legal status of electronic agents which play an important role in this process is questionable to see whether they are akin to real agents in the physical world or they are only a mere tool of communication. The responsible person for any mistakes that an electronic agent makes and causes losses or damages to the contracting parties should also be examined. There are also questions regarding meeting the formalities in the formation of some specific contracts in contracting electronically to see whether the electronic documents and signatures legally valid and admissible at the courts of law or not. Their legal weight should also be measured. Moving on the jurisdiction and choice of law issue, some argumentative questions raise. For instance, where the rule of private international law provides that the competent court is the court within which jurisdiction the contract is performed, it is necessary to see that where the place of performance of the contract in which the subject matter is digital goods such as e-books or computer software delivered online is. This is also an important question in providing electronic services such as e-teaching. Regarding the choice of law issue the same questions of jurisdiction are posed. Furthermore, as consumer protection issue in B2C contracts is important in developing electronic commerce worldwide, it should be considered that whether the consumer party is able to bring an action against the business party in his own place of domicile or habitual residence or not. These are only a sample of questions that the current research tries to analyse based on the traditional legal rules and principles and the statues on electronic commerce. Discussing the above legal doubts in the context of Iranian law shows that there are a number of legal uncertainties in the Iranian legal system hindering, or at least putting in doubt, the development of electronic commerce in both national and cross-border electronic transactions. Despite the fact that some of them have been addressed by the Iranian Electronic Commerce Act 2004 indirectly, however a detailed legal work is still definitely needed to elaborate the questions and provide solutions developing and modernizing Iranian law in the context of electronic contracts. The author in the current research tries to analyse the questions by a horizontal comparative study of the UNCITRAL Model Laws, the Convention on the Use of Electronic Communications in International Contracts 2005, the EU law, English law, American law and Iranian law. Also, a four-stage roadmap that acts as the guiding principle of this research is employed to develop the Iranian legal system in the context of e-commerce. The first stage focuses on whether the exact application of Iranian traditional law can address the emerging legal doubts; the second stage expands and develops traditional rules; the third introduces legal presumptions; and the fourth theorizes new rules. The research concludes that the Iranian legal system may be modernized and developed in the context of electronic contracts by adopting the legal policy and solutions of other legal systems by both scholarly legal doctrines and legislation.