Relevant bibliographies by topics / Comparative literature Comparative literature Comparative literature Comparative literature

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Academic literature on the topic 'Comparative literature Comparative literature Comparative literature Comparative literature'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 13 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Comparative literature Comparative literature Comparative literature Comparative literature"

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Nayak, Santosh Kumar. "On Comparative Literature." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development Volume-1, Issue-6 (2017): 349–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd2529.

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Nayak, Santosh Kumar. "Understanding Comparative Literature." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development Volume-1, Issue-6 (2017): 953–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd5727.

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GéRARD, Albert S., and W. Hanekom. "COMPARATIVE LITERATURE AND AFRICAN LITERATURES." South African Journal of African Languages 5, sup1 (1985): 150–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02572117.1985.10586639.

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Smith,, Robert P., Albert S. Gérard, and C. F. Swanepoel. "Comparative Literature and African Literatures." World Literature Today 69, no. 2 (1995): 415. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40151320.

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Damrosch, David. "Comparative Literature?" Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 118, no. 2 (2003): 326–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/003081203x67712.

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In recent years, North American literary studies has been marked by a double movement: outward from the Euro-American sphere toward the entire globe and inward within national traditions, in an intensified engagement with local cultures and subcultures. Both directions might seem natural stimuli to comparative study—most obviously in the transnational frame of global studies but also in more local comparisons: a natural way to understand the distinctiveness of a given culture, after all, is to compare it with and contrast it to others. Yet journal articles and job listings alike have not shown any major growth in comparative emphasis in recent years. Is the comparatist doomed to irrelevance, less equipped than the national specialist for local study and yet finding the literary globe expanding farther and farther out of reach, accessible only to a multitude of, again, local specialists?
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David Damrosch and Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak. "Comparative Literature/World Literature:." Comparative Literature Studies 48, no. 4 (2011): 455. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/complitstudies.48.4.0455.

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Saussy, Haun. "Comparative Literature?" Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 118, no. 2 (2003): 336–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/003081203x67730.

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What is comparative literature? Not a theory or a methodology, certainly (which raises the question of why this article should appear in a series so entitled), though theories and methodologies aplenty occur as part of its typical business. Is there, or can there be, an object of knowledge identifiable as “comparative literature”?When I began hearing about comparative literature in the middle 1970s, there was a fairly straightforward means of distinguishing comparative literature on the university campuses where it was done. The English department pursued knowledge of language and literature in one language; the foreign language departments pursued similar studies in two languages (typically English, assumed to be most students' native language, plus the foreign tongue); and comparative literature committees, programs, or departments carried out literary analysis in at least three languages at once.
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Jonas, Gerald. "Comparative Literature." Grand Street 7, no. 1 (1987): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/25007038.

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Hyeryon, Hahm, and Edward W. Poitras. "Comparative Literature." Chicago Review 39, no. 3/4 (1993): 244. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/25305761.

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During, Simon. "Comparative Literature." ELH 71, no. 2 (2004): 313–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/elh.2004.0023.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Comparative literature Comparative literature Comparative literature Comparative literature"

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O'Sullivan, Emer. "Comparative children's literature /." London [u.a.] : Routledge, 2009. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=018910995&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.

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Mattson, Christina Phillips. "Children's Literature Grows Up." Thesis, Harvard University, 2015. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:17467335.

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Children’s Literature Grows Up proposes that there is a revolution occurring in contemporary children’s fiction that challenges the divide that has long existed between literature for children and literature for adults. Children’s literature, though it has long been considered worthy of critical inquiry, has never enjoyed the same kind of extensive intellectual attention as adult literature because children’s literature has not been considered to be serious literature or “high art.” Children’s Literature Grows Up draws upon recent scholarship about the thematic transformations occurring in the category, but demonstrates that there is also an emerging aesthetic and stylistic sophistication in recent works for children that confirms the existence of children’s narratives that are equally complex, multifaceted, and worthy of the same kind of academic inquiry that is afforded to adult literature. This project investigates the history of children’s literature in order to demonstrate the way that children’s literature and adult literature have, at different points in history, grown closer or farther apart, explores the reasons for this ebb and flow, and explains why contemporary children’s literature marks a reunification of the two categories. Employing J. K. Rowling’s Harry Potter novels as a its primary example, Children’s Literature Grows Up demonstrates that this new kind of contemporary children’s fiction is a culmination of two traditions: the tradition of the readerly children’s book and the tradition of the writerly adult novel. With the fairy tales, mythologies, legends, and histories that contemporary writers weave into their texts, contemporary fictions for children incorporate previous defining characteristics of children’s fantasy literature and tap into our cultural memory; with their sophisticated style, complex narrative strategies, and focus on characterization, these new fictions display the realism and seriousness of purpose which have become the adult novel’s defining features. Children’s Literature Grows Up thus concludes that contemporary children’s fiction’s power comes from the way in which it combines story and art by bringing together both the children’s literature tradition and the tradition of the adult novel, as well as the values to which they are allied. Contemporary writers for children therefore raise the stakes of their narratives and change the tradition by moving beyond the expected conventions of their category.<br>Comparative Literature
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Sham, Hok-man Desmond, and 岑學敏. "Sinophone comparative literature: problems, politics and possibilities." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2009. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B42182530.

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Sham, Hok-man Desmond. "Sinophone comparative literature problems, politics and possibilities /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2009. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B42182530.

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Akalay, Mohamed. "Las maqāmāt y la picaresca al-Hamad̲ānī y al-Ḥarīrī, Lazarillo de Tormes y Guzmán de Alfarache /." Mohammedia, Maroc : Imprimerie de Fédala, 1998. http://books.google.com/books?id=4ZVZAAAAMAAJ.

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Graham, Elyse (Jean Elyse). "Remaking English literature : editors at work between media." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/81133.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Comparative Media Studies, 2013.<br>"June 2013." Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 63-70).<br>by Elyse Graham.<br>S.M.
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Li, Shunxing. "Utopia, where East and West meet : a comparative study of hybrid utopias in twentieth-century Chinese and western literature /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/6679.

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Tierney, Robin Leah. "Japanese literature as world literature: visceral engagement in the writings of Tawada Yoko and Shono Yoriko." Diss., University of Iowa, 2010. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/750.

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This dissertation argues that the writings of the contemporary Japanese writers Tawada Yoko and Shono Yoriko should be understood as literature that is commenting upon global processes and therefore categorized within the newly re-deployed category of "World Literature." In the first chapter I explore the political project of Shono Yoriko's fictional and polemical writings. Shono uses the bundan (literary establishment) as a platform for her critique of neo-liberal economic trends and launches a campaign that is both global in scope and kyoku-shi (hyper-personal) in tone. She counters universally applicable socio-economic trends with intensely personal myths and private vendettas against public intellectuals who deny the value of non-profit-grossing "serious" literature. In chapter two I perform a close reading of her 2004 novel Kompira as well as her busu mono (ugly tales). Kompira, I argue, is both a historical narrative of a particular kompira kami (deity) and the postulating of a system of resistance that involves hybridity and embodiment. While Tawada Yoko is most often identified as a border-crossing, multi-lingual writer who publishes in both German and Japanese, in chapter three I argue that this "identity" threatens to eclipse the ways in which she investigates the bodily reception of language. My claim is that Tawada's interstitial explorations pose translation and bodily coding as inherent to language acquisition in general and suggests that all words carry their own libidinal imprint. In chapter four I argue that Tawada mines bodily processes for her representational strategies. In Tawada's texts the unraveling of national and masculine aesthetics forms a critical part of decoding the body as a fixed and gendered entity. . When Tawada positions the male body as an object of tactile inquiry and explores the bodily-confusion-with-another inherent in the process of ovulation as a narrative drive, I see a re-working of corporeal and cognitive logics. This reworking, I contend, is not a conclusive "righting of wrongs" but an invitation to join in the ongoing process of articulating difference in a potentially post-national world.
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Oliveira, Kátia Isidoro de. "Silêncios e espetáculos : leitura comparada de A Cidade Sitiada (1949), de Clarice Lispector e Noites no Circo (1984), de Angela Carter /." Assis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/150373.

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Orientador: Cleide Antonia Rapucci<br>Banca: Altamir Botoso<br>Banca: Letícia de Souza Gonçalves<br>Banca: Antonio Roberto Esteves<br>Banca: Katia Rodrigues Mello Miranda<br>Resumo: The aim of this thesis is to discuss how the gender issue is represented in literature by pointing out differences and similarities between Clarice Lispector's A Cidade Sitiada (1949) and Angela Carter's Nights at the Circus (1984). In A Cidade Sitiada (1949), Lucrécia is a "beleaguered" woman; she is not presented to the reader as the subject of her story, but, rather, an object. She is a foreigner in her world, with what she does not interact, surrounded, exiled by city walls. In her novel Carter shows the process of modernization, love, the perspective of the marginalized, human relations and female freedom. To build the effect of liberation, the author frees herself from closed environments that were part of the settings of her previous novels and opts for an exterior space. And she also chooses as protagonist Fevers, a woman with wings, a powerful image of liberation and female transformation and aware of what she represents. The discoveries of the protagonists are set in the process of social modernization of the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. While in England the woman is born with wings and free, in Brazil she remains trapped in patriarchal society. Lastly, this research paper intends to compare the way in which Clarice Lispector and Angela Carter can discuss the gender issue in literature and break through the lines of patriarchal society. From this point of view, the intention of this thesis is to confront the construction of the female characters in ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)<br>Abstract: The aim of this thesis is to discuss how the gender issue is represented in literature by pointing out differences and similarities between Clarice Lispector's A Cidade Sitiada (1949) and Angela Carter's Nights at the Circus (1984). In A Cidade Sitiada (1949), Lucrécia is a "beleaguered" woman; she is not presented to the reader as the subject of her story, but, rather, an object. She is a foreigner in her world, with what she does not interact, surrounded, exiled by city walls. In her novel Carter shows the process of modernization, love, the perspective of the marginalized, human relations and female freedom. To build the effect of liberation, the author frees herself from closed environments that were part of the settings of her previous novels and opts for an exterior space. And she also chooses as protagonist Fevers, a woman with wings, a powerful image of liberation and female transformation and aware of what she represents. The discoveries of the protagonists are set in the process of social modernization of the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. While in England the woman is born with wings and free, in Brazil she remains trapped in patriarchal society. Lastly, this research paper intends to compare the way in which Clarice Lispector and Angela Carter can discuss the gender issue in literature and break through the lines of patriarchal society. From this point of view, the intention of this thesis is to confront the construction of the female characters in the works and discuss the process of modernization under the eyes of the protagonists in English and Brazilian literatures<br>Doutor
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Blaise, Aboua Kumassi Koffi. "Macunaíma / Kaydara: dois espelhos face a face. Ler Macunaíma sem rir." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8149/tde-12092012-120553/.

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Explorar outros caminhos, até agora pouco seguidos, no intuito de participar de forma pertinente do debate acerca da inteligibilidade de Macunaíma de Mário de Andrade, isto, pode ser considerado o eixo que norteia este estudo comparado. Para levar adiante esta pesquisa comparativa apelamos para Kaydara, não apenas por ser uma obra prima da literatura africana de expressão francesa, mas também porque traz o olhar de dentro para fora de uma sociedade tradicional africana, capaz de dialogar com a literatura brasileira a ponto de lançar luz sobre alguns elementos culturais de origem afro-brasileira presentes nela. Por isso, fomos mergulhar naquilo que a maioria das sociedades africanas considera sua referência na Antiguidade: o Egito Antigo. Agora, quando se põem duas obras de grande valor estético frente a frente, o que sói acontecer é uma ajudar a ler a outra, por isso, nossa abordagem deixa de ser unilateral para privilegiar uma relação de leitura mútua, dando destaque às mais variadas consequências disso.<br>Explore other ways, until now little followed in order to participate in a meaningful way to the debate about the intelligibility of Macunaíma, this can be taken as the shaft that drives this comparative study. To carry out this comparative research we appeal to Kaydara, not only because it is a masterpiece of african french literature, but also because it brings - the look of the inside of a traditional african society, capable to converse with the brazilian literature, point to shed light on some cultural elements of afro-brazilian origin present in it. So we have been diving in what the vast majority of african societies consider his reference in antiquity: Ancient Egypt. Now, when you put two works of great aesthetic value face to face, which is usually happen is one help to read other, so our approach is no longer unilateral and privilege a relationship of mutual reading, highlighting various consequences.
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Books on the topic "Comparative literature Comparative literature Comparative literature Comparative literature"

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de Zepetnek, Steven Totosy, and Tutun Mukherjee, eds. Companion to Comparative Literature, World Literatures, and Comparative Cultural Studies. Foundation Books, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/upo9789382993803.

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Comparative children's literature. Routledge, 2005.

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Enani, M. M. Comparative moments: Essays in comparative literature. GEBO, 1996.

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name, No. Comparative literature and comparative cultural studies. Purdue University Press, 2003.

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Companion to comparative literature, world literature, and comparative cultural studies. Cambridge University Press India, Foundation Books, 2013.

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Majumdar, Swapan. Comparative literature: Indian dimensions. Papyrus, 1987.

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Re-visioning comparative literature. Authorspress, 2012.

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Essays on comparative literature. Progressive Publishers, 2007.

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Indiana, University Bloomington Dept of Comparative Literature. Yearbook of comparative literature. Dept. of Comparative Literature, Indiana University, 2009.

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Counterpoints: Essays in comparative literature. Prajñā, 1985.

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Book chapters on the topic "Comparative literature Comparative literature Comparative literature Comparative literature"

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Hart, Jonathan. "Comparative Literature." In Literature, Theory, History. Palgrave Macmillan US, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230339583_2.

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Gifford, Henry. "Comparative studies at the university." In Comparative Literature. Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003091837-5.

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Gifford, Henry. "The mind of Europe." In Comparative Literature. Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003091837-3.

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Gifford, Henry. "Notes on translation." In Comparative Literature. Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003091837-4.

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Gifford, Henry. "The education of a modern poet." In Comparative Literature. Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003091837-1.

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Gifford, Henry. "National accent and tradition." In Comparative Literature. Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003091837-2.

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Gifford, Henry. "American literature—the special case." In Comparative Literature. Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003091837-6.

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Keuschnigg, Mirela. "Literature Overview." In Comparative Advantage in International Trade. Physica-Verlag HD, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-50212-5_8.

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Berman, Jessica. "Imagining World Literatures: Modernism and Comparative Literature." In Disciplining Modernism. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230274297_4.

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Ning, Wang, and César Domínguez. "Comparative literature and translation." In Benjamins Translation Library. John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/btl.126.14nin.

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Conference papers on the topic "Comparative literature Comparative literature Comparative literature Comparative literature"

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Hou, Ying. "Research on the Teaching of Comparative Literature." In 2018 3rd International Conference on Education, Sports, Arts and Management Engineering (ICESAME 2018). Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icesame-18.2018.15.

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Soomro, Mansoor. "Generalist Versus Specialist Ceo: A Comparative Literature Review." In 13th Asian Academy of Management International Conference 2019. European Publisher, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2020.10.64.

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Wang, Lun. "The Essence of Literary Translation in Comparative Literature." In 8th International Conference on Education, Management, Information and Management Society (EMIM 2018). Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/emim-18.2018.79.

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Breil, Bernhard, Lisanne Kremer, Adel Taweel, and Thomas Lux. "A Comparative Literature Analysis of the Health Informatics Curricula." In 2018 IEEE/ACS 15th International Conference on Computer Systems and Applications (AICCSA). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/aiccsa.2018.8612821.

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Chzhan, Cincyan. "Theme of love comparative analysis in Western and Chinese literature." In VIII International applied research conference, chair Sergey Petrovich Tolkachev. TSNS Interaktiv Plus, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.21661/r-91312.

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"Academic Standards and rules of Schools for Talented Students in Asian Countries, A comparative study." In International Conference on Humanities, Literature and Economics. International Centre of Economics, Humanities and Management, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.15242/icehm.ed0114003.

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Schweissinger, Marc J. "Aspects of a Comparative Coming-of- Age Novel Typology." In 6th Annual International Conference on Language, Literature and Linguistics (L3 2017). Global Science & Technology Forum (GSTF), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5176/2251-3566_l317.60.

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Sulistyaningsih, Lilis Siti, Nunung Sitaresmi, and Rahmawati. "A Comparative Study of Indonesian and Sundanese Homonym Vocabularies." In 4th International Conference on Language, Literature, Culture, and Education (ICOLLITE 2020). Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.201215.061.

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"Senatorial Inspections about Problem of Officials` Malfeasances in Provincial Governments of the Late Russian Empire: Comparative Analysis." In International Conference on Humanities, Literature and Management. International Centre of Economics, Humanities and Management, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.15242/icehm.ed0115003.

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Sara, Mesrar, and Marghoubi Rabiaa. "IS/IT performance measurement system: Literature review and a comparative study." In 2016 International Conference on Information Technology for Organizations Development (IT4OD). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/it4od.2016.7479283.

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Reports on the topic "Comparative literature Comparative literature Comparative literature Comparative literature"

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Tellis, D. A. Australian geoscience literature - subject distribution and comparative use. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/193971.

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Tugba, Sam. Intercultural communication problems of Nigerian students in the Portland Metropolitan Area : a comparative study of a review of literature and personal interviews. Portland State University Library, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.5299.

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Halker Singh, Rashmi B., Juliana H. VanderPluym, Allison S. Morrow, et al. Acute Treatments for Episodic Migraine. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer239.

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Objectives. To evaluate the effectiveness and comparative effectiveness of pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic therapies for the acute treatment of episodic migraine in adults. Data sources. MEDLINE®, Embase®, Cochrane Central Registrar of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, PsycINFO®, Scopus, and various grey literature sources from database inception to July 24, 2020. Comparative effectiveness evidence about triptans and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) was extracted from existing systematic reviews. Review methods. We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and comparative observational studies that enrolled adults who received an intervention to acutely treat episodic migraine. Pairs of independent reviewers selected and appraised studies. Results. Data on triptans were derived from 186 RCTs summarized in nine systematic reviews (101,276 patients; most studied was sumatriptan, followed by zolmitriptan, eletriptan, naratriptan, almotriptan, rizatriptan, and frovatriptan). Compared with placebo, triptans resolved pain at 2 hours and 1 day, and increased the risk of mild and transient adverse events (high strength of the body of evidence [SOE]). Data on NSAIDs were derived from five systematic reviews (13,214 patients; most studied was ibuprofen, followed by diclofenac and ketorolac). Compared with placebo, NSAIDs probably resolved pain at 2 hours and 1 day, and increased the risk of mild and transient adverse events (moderate SOE). For other interventions, we included 135 RCTs and 6 comparative observational studies (37,653 patients). Compared with placebo, antiemetics (low SOE), dihydroergotamine (moderate to high SOE), ergotamine plus caffeine (moderate SOE), and acetaminophen (moderate SOE) reduced acute pain. Opioids were evaluated in 15 studies (2,208 patients).Butorphanol, meperidine, morphine, hydromorphone, and tramadol in combination with acetaminophen may reduce pain at 2 hours and 1 day, compared with placebo (low SOE). Some opioids may be less effective than some antiemetics or dexamethasone (low SOE). No studies evaluated instruments for predicting risk of opioid misuse, opioid use disorder, or overdose, or evaluated risk mitigation strategies to be used when prescribing opioids for the acute treatment of episodic migraine. Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) receptor antagonists improved headache relief at 2 hours and increased the likelihood of being headache-free at 2 hours, at 1 day, and at 1 week (low to high SOE). Lasmiditan (the first approved 5-HT1F receptor agonist) restored function at 2 hours and resolved pain at 2 hours, 1 day, and 1 week (moderate to high SOE). Sparse and low SOE suggested possible effectiveness of dexamethasone, dipyrone, magnesium sulfate, and octreotide. Compared with placebo, several nonpharmacologic treatments may improve various measures of pain, including remote electrical neuromodulation (moderate SOE), magnetic stimulation (low SOE), acupuncture (low SOE), chamomile oil (low SOE), external trigeminal nerve stimulation (low SOE), and eye movement desensitization re-processing (low SOE). However, these interventions, including the noninvasive neuromodulation devices, have been evaluated only by single or very few trials. Conclusions. A number of acute treatments for episodic migraine exist with varying degrees of evidence for effectiveness and harms. Use of triptans, NSAIDs, antiemetics, dihydroergotamine, CGRP antagonists, and lasmiditan is associated with improved pain and function. The evidence base for many other interventions for acute treatment, including opioids, remains limited.
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Morini, Luca, and Arinola Adefila. Decolonising Education – Fostering Conversations - Interim Project Report. Coventry University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18552/glea/2021/0001.

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‘Decolonising Education – Fostering Conversations’ is a project funded by RECAP involving Coventry University (CU) and Deakin University. While originated as a comparative study focussing on exploring respective decolonisation practices and discourses from staff and student perspectives, the pandemic forced a shift where Coventry focused data collection and developments were complemented, informed and supported by literatures, histories, institutional perspectives, and methodologies emerging from Indigenous Australians’ struggle against colonialism. Our aims are (1) map what is happening in our institution in terms of decolonisation, and (2) to explore accessible and inclusive ways of broadening the conversation about this important topic.
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Garsa, Adam, Julie K. Jang, Sangita Baxi, et al. Radiation Therapy for Brain Metasases. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer242.

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Abstract:
Objective. This evidence report synthesizes the available evidence on radiation therapy for brain metastases. Data sources. We searched PubMed®, Embase®, Web of Science, Scopus, CINAHL®, clinicaltrials.gov, and published guidelines in July 2020; assessed independently submitted data; consulted with experts; and contacted authors. Review methods. The protocol was informed by Key Informants. The systematic review was supported by a Technical Expert Panel and is registered in PROSPERO (CRD42020168260). Two reviewers independently screened citations; data were abstracted by one reviewer and checked by an experienced reviewer. We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and large observational studies (for safety assessments), evaluating whole brain radiation therapy (WBRT) and stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) alone or in combination, as initial or postoperative treatment, with or without systemic therapy for adults with brain metastases due to non-small cell lung cancer, breast cancer, or melanoma. Results. In total, 97 studies, reported in 190 publications, were identified, but the number of analyses was limited due to different intervention and comparator combinations as well as insufficient reporting of outcome data. Risk of bias varied; 25 trials were terminated early, predominantly due to poor accrual. Most studies evaluated WBRT, alone or in combination with SRS, as initial treatment; 10 RCTs reported on post-surgical interventions. The combination treatment SRS plus WBRT compared to SRS alone or WBRT alone showed no statistically significant difference in overall survival (hazard ratio [HR], 1.09; confidence interval [CI], 0.69 to 1.73; 4 RCTs; low strength of evidence [SoE]) or death due to brain metastases (relative risk [RR], 0.93; CI, 0.48 to 1.81; 3 RCTs; low SoE). Radiation therapy after surgery did not improve overall survival compared with surgery alone (HR, 0.98; CI, 0.76 to 1.26; 5 RCTs; moderate SoE). Data for quality of life, functional status, and cognitive effects were insufficient to determine effects of WBRT, SRS, or post-surgical interventions. We did not find systematic differences across interventions in serious adverse events radiation necrosis, fatigue, or seizures (all low or moderate SoE). WBRT plus systemic therapy (RR, 1.44; CI, 1.03 to 2.00; 14 studies; moderate SoE) was associated with increased risks for vomiting compared to WBRT alone. Conclusion. Despite the substantial research literature on radiation therapy, comparative effectiveness information is limited. There is a need for more data on patient-relevant outcomes such as quality of life, functional status, and cognitive effects.
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Viswanathan, Meera, Jennifer Cook Middleton, Alison Stuebe, et al. Maternal, Fetal, and Child Outcomes of Mental Health Treatments in Women: A Systematic Review of Perinatal Pharmacologic Interventions. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer236.

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Background. Untreated maternal mental health disorders can have devastating sequelae for the mother and child. For women who are currently or planning to become pregnant or are breastfeeding, a critical question is whether the benefits of treating psychiatric illness with pharmacologic interventions outweigh the harms for mother and child. Methods. We conducted a systematic review to assess the benefits and harms of pharmacologic interventions compared with placebo, no treatment, or other pharmacologic interventions for pregnant and postpartum women with mental health disorders. We searched four databases and other sources for evidence available from inception through June 5, 2020 and surveilled the literature through March 2, 2021; dually screened the results; and analyzed eligible studies. We included studies of pregnant, postpartum, or reproductive-age women with a new or preexisting diagnosis of a mental health disorder treated with pharmacotherapy; we excluded psychotherapy. Eligible comparators included women with the disorder but no pharmacotherapy or women who discontinued the pharmacotherapy before pregnancy. Results. A total of 164 studies (168 articles) met eligibility criteria. Brexanolone for depression onset in the third trimester or in the postpartum period probably improves depressive symptoms at 30 days (least square mean difference in the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, -2.6; p=0.02; N=209) when compared with placebo. Sertraline for postpartum depression may improve response (calculated relative risk [RR], 2.24; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.95 to 5.24; N=36), remission (calculated RR, 2.51; 95% CI, 0.94 to 6.70; N=36), and depressive symptoms (p-values ranging from 0.01 to 0.05) when compared with placebo. Discontinuing use of mood stabilizers during pregnancy may increase recurrence (adjusted hazard ratio [AHR], 2.2; 95% CI, 1.2 to 4.2; N=89) and reduce time to recurrence of mood disorders (2 vs. 28 weeks, AHR, 12.1; 95% CI, 1.6 to 91; N=26) for bipolar disorder when compared with continued use. Brexanolone for depression onset in the third trimester or in the postpartum period may increase the risk of sedation or somnolence, leading to dose interruption or reduction when compared with placebo (5% vs. 0%). More than 95 percent of studies reporting on harms were observational in design and unable to fully account for confounding. These studies suggested some associations between benzodiazepine exposure before conception and ectopic pregnancy; between specific antidepressants during pregnancy and adverse maternal outcomes such as postpartum hemorrhage, preeclampsia, and spontaneous abortion, and child outcomes such as respiratory issues, low Apgar scores, persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn, depression in children, and autism spectrum disorder; between quetiapine or olanzapine and gestational diabetes; and between benzodiazepine and neonatal intensive care admissions. Causality cannot be inferred from these studies. We found insufficient evidence on benefits and harms from comparative effectiveness studies, with one exception: one study suggested a higher risk of overall congenital anomalies (adjusted RR [ARR], 1.85; 95% CI, 1.23 to 2.78; N=2,608) and cardiac anomalies (ARR, 2.25; 95% CI, 1.17 to 4.34; N=2,608) for lithium compared with lamotrigine during first- trimester exposure. Conclusions. Few studies have been conducted in pregnant and postpartum women on the benefits of pharmacotherapy; many studies report on harms but are of low quality. The limited evidence available is consistent with some benefit, and some studies suggested increased adverse events. However, because these studies could not rule out underlying disease severity as the cause of the association, the causal link between the exposure and adverse events is unclear. Patients and clinicians need to make an informed, collaborative decision on treatment choices.
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