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1
Abdullayeva, Elnara. "ENGLISH TRANSLATIONS OF MEDIEVAL CLASSICAL AZERBAIJAN LITERATURE." Scientific Journal of Polonia University 54, no. 5 (December 26, 2022): 8–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.23856/5401.
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Summary After the restoration of state independence in Azerbaijan, within 20–25 years, a rich translation literature covering various types and genres of our national word art was created in English. At the same time, books and monographs, literary-critical and theoretical-scientific articles were written in English about Azerbaijani literature. Many of the publications in English were published in the USA, Great Britain and other foreign countries, and some of them were published in Baku. At that time, it was impossible to fully cover the translation literature created by translating from our mother tongue within the framework of one article. The translated works we reviewed show that our literary examples translated from our mother tongue into English have been successfully presented. However, each of the translations we talked about in the form of a summary deserves a wider analysis and study from the point of view of translation studies. The purpose of the article. It is a comprehensive study of the relations of Azerbaijani literature in the context of world literature. Methodology and methods used. The methodological basis of the article is based on historical-comparative, comparative-typological, analytical-critical methods of approach. In the context of Azerbaijani-Western scientific-aesthetic thought, as well as in the level of scientific-theoretical parallels of Azerbaijani-English relations in the medieval period and XIX– XX centuries, in 1991–2011, the translation of examples of modern Azerbaijani literature into English and the study of these works in English-language literary studies were dedicated. The main scientific innovation put forward. In the presented article, the author made innovations in the field of translation studies and scientific-theoretical aspects of the problems of studying Azerbaijani literature in the English-language literary studies of 1991–2011. Here, the materials have been filtered by literary and critical analysis, and the adequacy of the same theory of translation has been evaluated. The scientific novelty of the research was also developed by the analysis of the problems of studying Azerbaijani literature in Englishlanguage literary studies. The following result was obtained in the article: Summarizing our analysis and research on the subject, we come to the following conclusions. 1) There is a history of approximately four hundred years of translation of a number of examples of classical and modern Azerbaijani literature into English and studying them in English-language literary studies. 2) Many examples of Azerbaijani literature in different types and genres have been translated into English and published separately as books. So, a rich material has been created for the study and research of the translated literature of the mentioned period. 3) Classical Azerbaijani literature, at different stages of historical development, has more or less established relations with a number of Eastern and Western literatures through more translations. The research conducted on existing translations has led to further expansion of our relations. Classical masterpieces of Azerbaijani artistic thinking have been the focus of English literary thought for many centuries, and hundreds of our ancient historical manuscripts have become rare exhibits of individual libraries, scientific centers, and museums of Great Britain. There is no doubt that the works of our rich literary treasure – especially the works of Nizami, Nasimi, Fuzuli, Vagif, Akhundzade, Mirza Jalil, Sabir, Jabbarli, Vurgun, Anar, Elchin have created a high aesthetic appeal in English literary circles, have given impetus to the translation of their works into English and the study of their creativity in the international world.
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Zabel, Blaž. "Hutcheson Macaulay Posnett, World Literature, and the Colonial Comparisons." Journal of World Literature 4, no. 3 (August 8, 2019): 330–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/24056480-00403003.
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Abstract This article discusses the work of the early Irish comparatists Hutcheson Macaulay Posnett, who in 1886 published the first monograph in English in comparative literature. By bringing into discussion Posnett’s lesser-known journalistic publications on politics, the essay argues that his comparative project was importantly determined by the contemporary challenges of British imperial politics and by his own position in the British Empire. The article investigates several aspects of Posnett’s work in the context of British colonialism: his understanding of literature and literary criticism, his perception of the English and French systems of national literature, and his understanding of world literature and classical literature. Recognising the imperial and colonial context of Comparative Literature additionally highlights the development of literary comparisons, which have marked subsequent discussions in the discipline.
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Scott, Clive. "French and English Rhymes Compared." Empirical Studies of the Arts 10, no. 2 (July 1992): 121–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/ufek-yh99-erm5-7jab.
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The richness and complexity of rhyme has to a great extent been ignored. This article first examines the structural role of rhymes within metrics, illuminating its contrasted role in French and English verse. Linguistic differences and their consequences for the exploitation of various rhyme schemes in French and English are also examined—for example through a discussion of the role of rhyme in French classical drama as compared to English Restoration drama. The semantic and pragmatic consequences of rhyme are also addressed, with special emphasis on the comparative anatomy of rhyme words (morphemes, suffixes, endings) and the changed significance of rhyme with the advent of free verse.
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Yujie, Li, and Wang Feng. "On the English Translation of Li Qingzhao’s Ci-poems--A Contrastive Study on the Translations of the Ci-Poem “To the Tune of Tipsy in Flower Shade”." English Literature and Language Review, no. 55 (May 15, 2019): 64–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.32861/ellr.55.64.70.
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Li Qingzhao (1084-ca. 1155?) is widely lauded as the most celebrated and talented woman poet in the history of classical Chinese literature. This study, with the theoretical guidance of Dr. Wang Feng’s “Harmony-Guided Three-Level Poetry Translation Criteria”, focuses on a comparative analysis of the collected renditions of the ci-poem “to the tune of Tipsy in Flower Shade” at the macro, middle and micro levels, to further promote the translation and communication of classical Chinese literature. This study aims to exert far-reaching influences on the process of Chinese literature going global, which has unprecedented contemporary significance.
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Buell, Lawrence. "Teaching English in American Universities—1895." PMLA/Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 112, no. 1 (January 1997): 76–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/463055.
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Although modem literary studies in the United States began well before the turn of the century, it was only through gradual evolution that the field acquired a self-conscious pedagogy differentiated from the methods of classical and philological education. A provocative barometer of this emergence is English in American Universities (Boston: Heath, 1895), a late-Victorian collection of twenty-five position statements by professors from leading universities and colleges from coast to coast, assembled by William Morton Payne in large part from papers previously published in the Dial. The following excerpts from this book concern pedagogical ethos (Martin W. Sampson, Univ. of Indiana), pedagogical drill (F. A. March, Lafayette Coll.), the undergraduate English curriculum (Melville B. Anderson, Stanford Univ.), and the premises of comparative literature (Charles Mills Gayley, Univ. of California, Berkeley).
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Mahfouz, Safi Mahmoud. "Tragedy in the Arab Theatre: the Neglected Genre." New Theatre Quarterly 27, no. 4 (November 2011): 368–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266464x11000686.
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In this article Safi Mahmoud Mahfouz investigates the current state of tragedy in the Arab theatre and suggests some of the reasons behind the lack of an authentic Arabic tragedy developed from the Aristotelian tradition. Through analyses of the few translations and adaptations into Arabic of Shakespearean and classical tragedy, he both confirms and questions the claims of non-Arabic scholars that ‘the Arab mind is incapable of producing tragedy’. While the wider theatre community has been introduced to a handful of the Arab world's most prominent dramatists in translation, many are still largely unknown and none has a claim to be a tragedian. Academic studies of Arabic tragedy are insubstantial, while tragedy, in the classical sense, plays a very minor role in Arab drama, the tendency of Arab dramatists being towards comedy or melodrama. Safi Mahmoud Mahfouz is Head of the Department of English Language and Literature at UNRWA University, Amman, Jordan. His research interests include American Literature, Arabic and Middle Eastern literatures, modern and contemporary drama, contemporary poetics, comparative literature, and synchronous and asynchronous instructional technology.
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Sadigova, Nazila. "COMPARISON OF ROMANTICISM IN ENGLISH AND AZERBAIJANI LITERATURE ON THE BASE OF HUSEYN JAVID'S POETRY." Молодий вчений, no. 3 (103) (March 31, 2022): 57–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.32839/2304-5809/2022-3-103-12.
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The article is devoted to the issue of the choice of the Azerbaijani scientific thought of the English literature as an object of comparison in relation to Huseyn Javid’s romanticism. It was noted that Azerbaijani literary studies, as a rule, when evaluating the work of Huseyn Javid, samples of English literature were selected for comparison, in particular, the literary heritage of the great classical English literature of the XIX century George Gordon Noel Byron (1788-1824). The literary criticist Ali Sultanli called the image of Arif in the tragedy “Iblis” (the Devil) the younger brother of Childe Harold, the personage of Byron. In the comparative analysis of Huseyn Javid’s art with English literature, literary critisist Ajdar Ismailov gave rise to a new stage. Although in the work “Huseyn Javid and the world romanticism traditions” creativity of English romantic poet Byron and Azerbaijani writer Javid became the object of comparison. The comparison of Byron and Javid led to recognition of originality in the works of both poets. It is no coincidence that Javid’s work “Devil” differs substantially from Byron’s work “Cain”. Although the Azerbaijani romantic was familiar with Byron’s work from a young age, he did not accept the views of his European predecessor on many issues, but gave the concret ways of problem solvation to the reader, who faced serious socio-political and philosophical problems.
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Chirkunova, E. V. "Methods of translation culture-specific vocabulary into English in translation of Russian classical literature (on the example of A. Chekhov’s stories)." Uchenye zapiski St. Petersburg University of Management Technologies and Economics, no. 4 (December 23, 2021): 42–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.35854/2541-8106-2021-4-42-53.
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Translating a text, especially when it comes to fiction, one of the main problems is to find appropriate and qualitative methods of translating culture-determined words. Therefore, a number of decisions made by the translator defines how a given text will be perceived by readers of a different culture. This article presents a comparative analysis of the culture-specific vocabulary of the original Russian text and the text of the translation, followed by the identification of vocabulary features given in the original text and the methods of its translation into English.
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Korotkina, Irina B. "Teaching Academic English Corpus Trough Word-formation." Higher Education in Russia 28, no. 2 (March 8, 2019): 94–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.31992/0869-3617-2019-28-2-94-103.
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Classical elements permeate global academic discourse and scientific terminology. Understanding the meanings and functioning of these elements can help multilingual scholars cope with disciplinary literature and write for publication and is therefore essential in teaching English for academic and specific purposes. However, few manuals on academic vocabulary explore word-formation in-depth or use it as a tool to alleviate learning through analysis and synthesis rather than memorizing words. Russian, as many other European languages, is a synthetic language in which affixation is as productive as in Latin. The paper presents a well-designed and approbated course of academic vocabulary for social scientists, analyses relationships between linguistic studies and teaching academic vocabulary, and discusses the ways of increasing the effectiveness and clarity of teaching by more systematic study of classical elements, enhancing students’ analytical skills through innovative methodology and using the advantages of similarities between Russian and Latin word-formation. Comparative analysis demonstrates that the key features of the course, such as interactive computer-based visual materials and various analytical tasks involving students’ background knowledge and academic awareness, help students not only decipher unknown words, but also produce neologisms, which is essential in coping with new terminology. Published as a book, Academic Vocabulary for Social Sciences is now available for teachers, students and researchers as a resource for study and self-study. The effectiveness of the approach demonstrates that it can be used as a model to design similar specific vocabulary courses for students of other synthetic languages.
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Wang, Fengling. "TOPSIS Method for Teaching Effect Evaluation of College English with Interval-Valued Intuitionistic Fuzzy Information." Journal of Mathematics 2021 (April 21, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5517198.
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Teaching effect evaluation of College English is frequently considered as a multiattribute group decision-making (MAGDM) issue. Thus, a novel MAGDM method is needed to tackle it. Depending on the classical TOPSIS method and interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy sets (IVIFSs), this paper designs a novel intuitive distance-based IVIF-TOPSIS method for teaching effect evaluation of College English. First of all, a related literature review is conducted. Furthermore, some necessary theories related to IVIFSs are briefly reviewed. In addition, the weights of attribute are decided objectively by using the CRITIC method. Afterwards, relying on novel distance measures between IVIFSs, the conventional TOPSIS method is extended to the IVIFSs to calculate closeness degree of each alternative from the interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy positive ideal solution (IVIF-PIS). Finally, an empirical example about teaching effect evaluation of College English and some comparative analyses have been given. The results show that the designed method is useful for teaching effect evaluation of College English.
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Kharmandar, Mohammad Ali. "Argumentation-based literary translation quality assessment." Journal of Argumentation in Context 5, no. 2 (October 14, 2016): 139–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jaic.5.2.02kha.
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This study correlates argumentation, translation, and literature to construct a new model for assessing the quality of translated literature. Literary translation is described as being compatible with the rhetorical stream of argumentation studies, while the study rests on the overriding notion of ethics of difference in argumentative cross-cultural and translational encounters. The model incorporates ethics of difference and interpretive act, pragma-dialectical contributions of scheme/structure and rhetorical/dialectical situations, and aesthetic features including figures of speech and (sub)genres of literature. Application of the model to an English translation of a classical poem (a Rumi’s allegory) shows that the model can be systematically applied to quality assessment of translated literature (and literary genres e.g. plays, novels, audiovisual/cinematic products, etc.). Considering the implications and suggestions for further research, the study can progressively develop into a literary or cross-linguistic subgenre of argumentation theory, with implications for comparative literature, philosophy of meaning, translation theory, and dialectical hermeneutics.
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Clegg, Cyndia Susan. "Pacific Ancient and Modern Language Association." PMLA/Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 110, no. 4 (September 1995): 882. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/s0030812900173201.
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The association's most significant news is its change in name from PAPC to PAMLA to strengthen its identification with the Modem Language Association and to maintain the historic presence of classical languages. The association's ninety-third annual meeting will be held 3-5 November 1995 at the University of California, Santa Barbara, hosted by the College of Letters and Science with its Division of the Humanities, and cosponsored by the Interdisciplinary Humanities Center, the Department of Classics, the Comparative Literature Program, the Department of English, the Department of Germanic, Semitic, and Slavic Studies, and the Department of Spanish and Portuguese. Gerhart Hoffmeister, professor of German, is serving as chair of the local committee.
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Vasunia, Phiroze. "The Comparative Study of Empires." Journal of Roman Studies 101 (May 24, 2011): 222–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0075435811000086.
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On the basis of a random sample of English-language internet websites about empires, we can now formulate the first law of comparative imperialisms as follows: as an online discussion of empire grows longer, the probability of a comparison involving the Roman Empire approaches 1. (This is a variant of the general law that states that ‘as an online discussion grows longer, the probability of a comparison involving Nazis or Hitler approaches 1’.) The comparative study of empires is thriving, and the recent intensity of interest is connected, at least in part, to the international military interventions of the United States. But comparisons between empires are nothing new, and, in the 1960s, Peter Brunt wrote an insightful article on British and Roman imperialism. That analysis was the product of the age of decolonization, an age which also acted as a spur to comparative approaches within classical scholarship: witness Nicole Loraux's suggestion that it was anti-colonial movements associated with the Algerian and Vietnam wars that led Jean-Pierre Vernant to embark on his series of comparative investigations into Greek thought and religion. Brunt's article was written in a retrospective key at a time when it was possible to look back to the completion, or the near completion, of a major period of European colonialism and arrive at a sort of reckoning. Some two generations prior to Brunt, in the early twentieth century and at the apogee of the British Empire, Lord Cromer delivered an address to the Classical Association on ‘Ancient and Modern Imperialism’ in which he found it unimaginable to think of independence for Britain's overseas colonies. Francis Haverfield responded sympathetically to Cromer and in his own writings associated the British and the Roman empires. Any discussion of comparative imperialisms, therefore, will need to consider not just the recent concentration of debates over empire but also a lengthy trajectory that extends back to Cromer and Haverfield and indeed further beyond into the eighteenth century. None of the books under review reflects in detail on the intellectual history in which they may be situated, but this is a subject that at least needs to be acknowledged and that we shall have occasion to return to later.
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Bakirova, A. A. "Concept "Star" in English Linguaculture: Notional Features." Bulletin of Kemerovo State University 21, no. 4 (December 31, 2019): 1069–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2078-8975-2019-21-4-1069-1077.
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The article describes the notional features of the concept of star in the English worldview and focuses on those specifics of the representation of the concept that reveal the national consciousness of native English speakers. To describe the structure of the concept, the author analyzed dictionary articles, idioms, and synonyms. The analysis revealed 17 notional signs: a natural luminous body visible in the sky at night; a fixed point of light in the sky; hot balls of burning gas that emits its own light; a planet; fortune / destiny; horoscope; a celebrity; the main person in a film / play; an outstandingly successful person or thing in a group; an object or shape; a figure; a sign of rank / position; a star-shaped ornament or medal worn as a badge of honor or authority; classification of hotels; a white patch on the forehead of a horse or other animal; starfish; a sign of asterisk. The cognitive attributes "stellar body", "fortune / destiny", and "a white patch on the forehead of a horse or other animal" proved to go back to motivating features, which indicates their long-term presence in the language. However, a study of co-occurrence indicated relatively recent cognitive features. Examples were taken from classical English literature and the British National Corpus. A comparative analysis of the actualization of the meanings of the representative word in sentences showed that its conceptual features coincide with the data of explanatory dictionaries.
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Panchenko, Olena. "TRANSLATION STRATEGIES FOR CONTEXTUAL MEANING." Problems of General and Slavic Linguistics, no. 3 (July 1, 2019): 90–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/251912.
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The aim of the article is to analyze translational strategies used to render a contextual meaning of a lexical unit. The article deals with the general problem of studying word translation in artistic English texts. The object of the article is the novels by K. Vonnegut. The subject of the article is translational transformations, their frequency and reliability. This problem is a topical one as any type of meaning on the one hand is a certain translational problem, on the other hand, it creates a text specificity. The material of investigation includes abstracts from various artistic texts of classical English literature. The methods of investigation are descriptive and comparative one. Thus the results of the article are the description of stylistic and translational peculiarities of contextual meaning. The mechanism of its translation was studied by a few researchers and the peculiarities of their functioning were analyzed. Translation of contextual meaning is important enough. Every language combines a form and value arbitrary enough and has specific character. All types of meaning have such inherent feature that they contrast to each other, and there are a few expressions that have different values but identical or similar form. The conclusions state that analyzing the classical English literature we can specify such translational transformations as main ones: 1) analogous translation; 2) compensation; 3) replacement. The main ways of translating this kind of words are analogue, compensation, replacement and sometimes omission which is not desirable. Their choice to a certain extent depends on the register of the context: neutral narrative, scientific or colloquial. Ther transformations in scientific context are less pronounced, there we can find analogues, antonymic translations and logical development. All types of replacements are traced in narrative register. The colloquial register may need all types of transformations, compensation among them. The prospects of our investigation are connected with studying possibilities of translating pragmaic meaning.
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Zarei, Rouhollah. "The Persian Face of Edgar Allan Poe." Edgar Allan Poe Review 23, no. 1 (2022): 23–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/edgallpoerev.23.1.0023.
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Abstract This article examines the reception of Edgar Allan Poe in modern Persian literature with regard to his fiction and theory of writing. There have been scattered pieces written on Poe’s influence on Iranian poets and writers in Persian or English, but this article aims to offer a fairly comprehensive picture of Poe in Iran in general with a focus on his influence or affinities with two leading Iranian authors, Sadeq Hedayat and Sadeq Chubak, as far as female characters are concerned. The article at first surveys how Poe was introduced into Persian literature and then it studies personal, social, political, and historical backgrounds in classical and modern Persian literature that determined men’s taking a misogynous approach. A comparative study of representative works of Hedayat and Chubak reveals conscious alignment with Poe’s ideas. Confessionary monologues, gloomy atmosphere, and the lack of proper dialogues between men and women mark their writings. The article concludes that although patriarchy has been responsible for these two writers’ failures to overcome gender stereotypes, their acquaintance with Edgar Allan Poe had its impact on aggravating such tendencies.
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Radzyner, Amihai. "Between Scholar and Jurist: The Controversy over the Research of Jewish Law Using Comparative Methods at the Early Time of the Field." Journal of Law and Religion 23, no. 1 (2007): 189–248. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0748081400002654.
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The “[Torah] scholar” and the “scientist” thus part waysThe Torah scholar and the Jurist both supplement each other's workAt the beginning of the 1950s (or thereabouts) Rabbi Yitzhak (Isaac) ha-Levi Herzog, Ashkenazi Rabbi of the State of Israel and a researcher of Jewish law, delivered a lecture to a group of lawyers. He opened with the following comments: Before beginning my lecture, I would like to correct an error in its title, and I would ask that the correction also be published in the press. The subject I chose to lecture on was “Knowledge and Will in Contract and Property in Mishpat ha-Torah.” The words “In comparison with English law” were added subsequently, without my knowledge. In my introduction to the second volume of my English work on Mishpat ha-Torah, I have already condemned a conspicuous proclivity in large portions of the modern literature on Mishpat ‘Ivri, to invariably search for comparisons and analogies from external sources. In essence, from an internal, spiritual perspective, such a comparison—God forbid—is inconceivable, for as the heavens are higher than the earth, so the Divine Torah granted from heaven is higher than any kind of jurisprudential system produced by human intellect and spirit. At the most, it is useful for explanatory purposes, enlisting human intellect to invoke external concepts in explaining certain concepts of Mishpat ha-Torah for those who are not conversant with classical Jewish sources, but are familiar with other legal systems. Therefore, my lecture is not devoted to comparison but rather to explanation, in other words explaining with the assistance of concepts and definitions taken from English law.
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Iansonas, Oleg E. "CHARLES TOMLINSON AS A TRANSLATOR OF POEMS BY FYODOR TYUTCHEV INTO ENGLISH." Вестник Пермского университета. Российская и зарубежная филология 12, no. 3 (2020): 132–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.17072/2073-6681-2020-3-132-139.
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The article deals with the translations of Fyodor Tyutchev’s poems into English made by the British poet and translator Charles Tomlinson (1927–2015). Poetic works present a serious challenge for those engaged in literary translation. Until the present day, the criteria for estimating the adequacy of poetic translation have been a question under discussion and deep consideration; the issue of poetic translation has been studied by both Russian and foreign scholars. In this regard, the works of Charles Tomlinson as a poetry translator from Russian into English offer new opportunities for a detailed study of his translation method, characterized by the desire to penetrate into the essence of the original works and preserve their lyrical and aesthetic components, as well as by Tomlinson’s intention to introduce Russian classical literature to English- speaking readers. The article analyzes in detail the main characteristics of literary and in particular poetic translation, shows different approaches to translating poetry and reveals both the specific features of translation transformations and the principles of their use. It also provides a comparative analysis of Tomlinson’s English translations of poems by Tyutchev, namely Silentium! and Spring, and the original texts. This study shows that the English poet often imparts his own unique and recognizable style to Tyutchev’s works, which is manifested in omitting repetitions and epithets in the original poems and adding new details to his translations. Tomlinson’s style can also be seen in the overcomplicated syntax of the transformed poems. On the other hand, there is a strong similarity between Tomlinson’s translations of Tyutchev’s famous poems and the original poetic works due to the translation transformations used. As the research reveals, modulations and transpositions are the most frequent transformations in Tomlinson’s modified versions of the original.
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Kirchanov, Maksim Valer'evich. "Pagan motifs as the manifestation of anti-modernism in the novels of N. Gaiman “American Gods” and A. Rubanov “Mahogany Man”." Litera, no. 1 (January 2022): 55–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-8698.2022.1.35266.
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The subject of this research is the “pagan” images in modern mass culture in the context of the novels “American Gods” by the English writer Neil Gaiman and “Mahogany Man” by the contemporary Russian writer Andrey Rubanov. The goal of this article lies in the analysis of the US and Russian experience of assimilation and integration of pagan heritage in the context of mass culture of consumer society. Research methodology employs the methods offered by Eric Hobsbawm in his theory of “inventing traditions”. Thus, the author perceives pagan motifs as one of the “invented traditions” of the modern literature of consumer society. The scientific novelty lies in the comparative analysis of actualization of pagan images in the English and Russian literature of consumer society in the novels “American Gods” by N. Gaiman and “Mahogany Man” by A. Rubanov. Analysis is conducted on the “pagan” images in the context of ethno-futuristic discourse defined as an alternative to modern serial identities of consumer society. It is demonstrated that in the literary texts of mass culture, pagan motifs have multiple and heterogeneous origins and cultural genealogies, localized in the classical heritage and popular culture simultaneously. The author believes that pagan images in the prose of mass culture actualize the problems of identity crisis, as well as the erosion of ethnic traditional cultures in globalizing society. It is suggested that visualization of literary texts may become the key trend in the development of pagan images in the mass literature of consumer society.
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Yugay, O. M., D. A. Mtvralashvili, V. V. Veselov, Yu E. Vaganov, O. E. Mainovskaya, A. A. Likutov, M. A. Nagudov, and S. V. Chernyshov. "COMPARISON OF TUNNEL AND CLASSICAL METHODS OF ENDOSCOPIC SUBMUCOSAL DISSECTION IN EPITHELIAL COLON TUMORS (systematic review and meta-analysis)." Koloproktologia 19, no. 2 (June 2, 2020): 39–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.33878/2073-7556-2020-19-2-39-52.
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BACKGROUND: endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is a modern effective method for patients with benign epithelial tumors and early colorectal cancer.The use of such a technique for ESD as a submucosal tunnel (‘pocket’) – creation under a tumor creates conditions for improving the surgical specimen qualityand reducingfragmentationrate.Aim: to study the effectiveness and safety of the tunnel method of ESD (TESD) in comparison with classical ESD (CESD) in colorectal adenomas and early colorectal cancer.MATERIALS AND METHODS: literature search and meta-analysis were performed in accordance with the PRISMA recommendations using the PUBMED search system in the Medline electronic database without limiting publication datesin the English language literature. The systematic review included all the studies on comparison of the tunnel and classical ESD methods.RESULTS: the analysis included 4 studies (1,422 patients, 458 in the TESD group and 961 in the CESD group). The groups were comparable in the number of adenomas (OR=1.25; 95% CI=0.87-1.79; p=0.22), adenocarcinomas (OR=0.96; 95% CI=0.49-1.87; p=0.90), in the size of neoplasms (95% CI=-6.26-1.22; p=0.19), and in the presence of submucosal fibrosis (p=0.69). There were no significant differences in intraoperative bleeding rate (OR=1.24; 95% CI=0.53-2.88; p=0.61); however, perforations occurred more often when using CESD (OR= 0.35; 95% CI=0.15-0.83; p=0.02). The CESD took significantly longer time than the TESD (OR=-19.1; 95% CI=33.89-4.45; p=0.01). The frequency of en bloc resections (OR=16.06; 95% CI=4.95-52.11; p<0.0001) and R0-resections (OR=3.28; 95% CI=1.30-8.32; p=0.01) were significantly higher in the TESD. CONCLUSION: the tunnel method of endoscopic submucosal dissection is an effective and safe alternative to the classical method. However, there is currently a lack of data for the choice of submucosal dissection method for large colorectal adenomas and early colorectal cancer, which requires further comparative studies.
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Menshchikova, Mariya, and Olga Koroleva. "Genre Strategies of a Historical Novel and a Detective Story in Abir Mukherjee's Work "A Man with a Great Future"." Филология: научные исследования, no. 11 (November 2022): 14–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0749.2022.11.39197.
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The purpose of this study is to analyze genre strategies in modern British multicultural literature on the example of A. Mukherjee's novel "A Man with a Great Future". The subject of the study is the genre dominants of the detective and historical novel in the work of A. Mukherjee, in particular elements of the classic English detective literature, as well as detective novels by Scottish writers of the XX century, who paid considerable attention to social issues in their works. The relevance of the article is determined by the relevance in modern humanities of scientific works devoted to the study of genres and genre models, including their transformation in modern world literature. The novelty of the work is determined by the low degree of study of A. Mukherjee's works, mainly from the point of view of genre specificity in the context of the expression of multicultural features of the text under consideration. The main research methods are biographical, comparative-historical and typological. As a result of the analysis, it is concluded that A. Mukherjee refers to the structure of the classical model of both the detective and historical novel, but adds a social and national context to the traditional genre dominants. The strategies of the detective and historical novel allow the author to reflect the patterns of historical determinism that determined the development of modern Britain and India, as well as to identify the origins of British multiculturalism, of which A. Mukherjee himself is a part.
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Fernée, Tadd Graham. "Echoes of the Infernal Machine: 1940s French and English Literature of Resistance and Collaboration as a Revolution in the Mythic Imagination." English Studies at NBU 5, no. 2 (December 30, 2019): 220–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.33919/esnbu.19.2.3.
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This article comparatively examines French and English literature based on two novels published in 1947, Malcolm Lowry’s Under the Volcano and Jean-Louis Curtis’ The Forests of Night. Both novels employ the mythic device to construct narratives on the twilight of the British Empire and the German occupied French Vichy regime, respectively, depicting experiences of resistance and collaboration on the eve of and during the Second World War. Both invent a system of symbolic imagery modelled on the Surrealist template in Jean Cocteau’s The Infernal Machine, that turns the classical mythic device still prevalent in the early 20th century (i.e. in Joyce or Eliot) upside down. The revolution in Mythic Imagination follows the Structuralist Revolution initiated by Durkheim, Saussure and Bachelard, evacuating fixed ontological architecture to portray relational interdependency without essence. These novels pursue overlapping ethical investigations, on “non-interventionism” in Lowry and “fraternity” in Curtis. The novels raise questions about the relation between colonialism and fascism and the impact of non-Western mythic universes (i.e. Hinduism) upon the Mythic Imagination. They have implications for our understanding of gender relations, as well as the value of political activism and progress.
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Zhao, Heping. "Negotiating between the Constant and the Changing: Balancing Acts in the Training of Writing Teachers." European Journal of Language and Literature 2, no. 1 (August 30, 2015): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejls.v2i1.p19-25.
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TA training is an important component of any rhetoric/composition program in American universities. As a faculty member in the Department of English, Comparative Literature, and Linguistics with a specialty in classical oratory and comparative rhetoric, I have been training TAs for over a decade as a significant portion of my teaching assignment. In my presentation, I would like to discuss the major factors that affect the quality of the TA training program and ways to balance these factors to maximize the learning experience for the TAs. TAs, short for “teaching assistants” or “teaching associates,” are graduate students in English who are assigned to teach a writing class or two, usually of beginning college level. It is essential that these graduate students be provided with detailed hands-on training both in theory and in practice every step of the way in order for them to feel confident and comfortable in the classroom. My role as their teacher and supervising instructor is to provide them with fundamental training, laying a solid foundation for them to grow professionally. As I see it, four major factors interact in the TA training process: the available theory, the institutional and academic expectations, the class of student writers they each teach, and the TAs themselves as a team. Some of these factors are relatively constant; others are fluid and always changing. They often present fresh challenges when they interact in the writing classroom. I would like to explore how these factors act upon each other and complement each other as I try to create an environment in which the TAs feel encouraged to learn and experiment on their own with a minimal amount of guidance. I will argue that, based on my years of experience and on the reflections by the TAs themselves, it is of critical importance that the focus be placed on the balancing of the four factors in an individualized approach for TA training.
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Burridge, Claire. "Healing Body and Soul in Early Medieval Europe: Medical Remedies with Christian Elements." Studies in Church History 58 (June 2022): 46–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/stc.2022.3.
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The early medieval period has been traditionally cast as the nadir of medicine in the West. Such an image stemmed in part from the negative perceptions of ‘superstitious’ charms and incantations, in which medicine was seen to be detrimentally affected by Christian and pagan influences alike. This outdated view has been revised substantially, and the intersections between medicine and religion are now understood to reflect a complex, multivalent approach to healing. However, this re-evaluation of early medieval medicine, and especially of recipe literature, has concentrated primarily on Old English material. As a result, the substantial corpus of early medieval Latin continental recipes found outside the established canon of classical and late antique texts has largely been overlooked. This article seeks to redress this imbalance, offering the first systematic investigation into the ways in which Christian elements appear in these comparatively understudied pharmaceutical writings. The article's findings have significant implications for our understanding of Latin recipe literature and of the evolution of medical knowledge in early medieval Europe.
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Sidorova, Olga G. "Contact of Cultures and the Image of Japan in European Fiction (Frigate “Pallada” by I. Goncharov and The Thousand Autumns of Jacob de Zoet by D. Mitchell)." Izvestia of the Ural federal university. Series 2. Humanities and Arts 24, no. 2 (2022): 97–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/izv2.2022.24.2.027.
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This article studies the situation of contact between European and Japanese cultures and the image of Japan created in the classical work of Russian literature Frigate “Pallada” (1858) by I. Goncharov and in the novel The Thousand Autumns of Jacob de Zoet (2010) by David Mitchell, a contemporary British writer. The books were written during different periods of time, but they describe the same historical period and similar events; they both have documentary foundation. Special attention is paid to translators as characters of the books who play an important role in the plot development and provide intercultural communication. The research methodology combines methods of comparative literary criticism with a post-colonial approach, E. Said’s ideas about orientalism and ethnocentrism in particular. Comparative analysis of the two books demonstrates that the image of Japan created by the two writers has a number of similar features, which confirms its objective nature. Conversely, the authors’ perspectives and points of view of Japan differ drastically. The Russian writer looks at the Japanese down and from the outside; he considers “strangeness” and “childishness” to be their national features. Goncharov’s Eurocentric position is explained by several reasons: his knowledge of Japan was external, he was a civil servant, who cared mostly about the interests of Russia, and he represented an influential group of Eurocentric intelligentsia. D. Mitchell’s knowledge of Japan and its culture is deep and internal due to his biography. The English writer creates a bicultural novel in which the European and the Japanese worlds are equally significant. Thus, in the novel, the author offers a modern point of view on the world order and intercultural communication.
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Selim, Samah. "Toward a New Literary History." International Journal of Middle East Studies 43, no. 4 (November 2011): 734–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743811000973.
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The past twenty years witnessed a dramatic transformation in Arabic literature studies in the United States. In the early 1990s, the field was still almost exclusively a satellite of area studies and largely bound by Orientalist historical and epistemological paradigms. Graduate students—even those wishing to focus entirely on modern literature—were trained to competence in the entire span of the Arabic literary tradition starting with pre-Islamic times, and secondary research languages were still rooted in the philological tradition of classical scholarship. The standard requirement was German, with Spanish as a distant second for those interested in Andalusia, but rarely French, say, or Italian or Russian. Other Middle Eastern languages were mainly conceived as primary-text languages rather than research languages. Philology, traditional literary history, and New Criticism formed the methodological boundaries of research. “Theory”—even when it purported to speak of the world outside Europe—was something that was generated by departments of English and comparative literature on the other side of campus, and crossings were rare and complicated in both the disciplinary and the institutional sense. Of course, one branch of “theory”—postcolonial studies—made its way into area studies much faster than the more eclectic offshoots of continental philosophy, for obvious reasons. From nationalism studies to subaltern studies, from Benedict Anderson to Gayatri Spivak, the wave of postcolonial critical theory that swept through U.S. academia in the 1980s and 1990s sparked an uprising in area studies at large and particularly in the literature disciplines. One of the first casualties of this uprising was the old historical paradigm itself: narratives of rise and fall, golden ages, and ages of decadence. Slowly but surely, scholars began to question the entire epistemological edifice through which Arabic literary history had been constructed by Orientalism. It was through the postcolonial theory of the 1980s that Arabic literature came to a broader rapprochement with poststructuralism: Foucault, Derrida, Ricoeur, Jameson, and White, to name a few of the major thinkers who began to transform the field in the late 1990s.
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Parray, Tauseef Ahmad. "Contemporary Western Scholarship on Islam: An Appraisal of Selected ‘Introductory’ Reference Works on Islamic History." Analisa: Journal of Social Science and Religion 6, no. 02 (December 31, 2021): 253–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.18784/analisa.v6i02.1467.
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Writing on Islamand things Islamic has a long history in the West, but has seen a growth in 20thcentury and an unprecedented surgeafter the events of 9/11 (2001)—both because of Islam’s ‘global’ spread and ‘growing global impact’ as well as its diverse interpretations and explanations. Among this plethora of literature, a major portion is devoted to the Islamic historyand its inter-related aspects, in the form of ‘introductory’ reference books.These are primarily targeted for (under) graduate student community as well as for the general people interested in knowing about the faith and beliefs of 1.6 billion Muslims, living globally. This study, in this context, attempts to present an evaluation and brief content-analysis of four (4) latest works by the Western academics (mostly ‘Islamicists’) on Islamic history, published in between 2009 and 2016 (and referring to their latest editions as well). Theoretical in nature, following both descriptive and comparative methodological approaches, this study attempts to (i) get clues of the recent trends, tendencies and tenors in the English (predominantly American) scholarship on Islamic history; and (ii) identify the main topics, themes and issues covered under the broader rubric ofIslamic history/ civilization in these works. The study agrues that such mins of appraisal and evaluation helps in understanding the main themes/ topics discussed under the broader rubric ofIslamic historyas well as helps in knowing and understanding the diverse scholarly approaches adopted in studying different aspects of Islamic history—from classical to contemporary eras.
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Tsuji, Naoko, Yasuko Umehara, Mamoru Takenaka, Yasunori Minami, Tomohiro Watanabe, Naoshi Nishida, and Masatoshi Kudo. "Verrucous antral gastritis in relation to Helicobacter pylori infection, nutrition, and gastric atrophy." Gastroenterology Report 8, no. 4 (October 30, 2019): 293–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gastro/goz057.
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Abstract Background There have been few studies in the English literature regarding verrucous gastritis (VG). The present study investigated the clinical and endoscopic features of verrucous antral gastritis, especially focusing on Helicobacter pylori infection, nutrition, and gastric atrophy. Methods We performed a retrospective study of patients who underwent routine endoscopy with indigo carmine chromoendoscopy and a comparative study was conducted between VG-positive and VG-negative groups. VG was subdivided into classical and numerous types based on the number and distribution of verrucous lesions. Demographic, clinical, and endoscopic data including body mass index (BMI), serum albumin and cholesterol, gastric atrophy, reflux oesophagitis, Barrett’s oesophagus, and H. pylori status were collected. Univariate and multivariable analyses were performed to identify factors associated with VG. Results We analysed the data of 621 patients undergoing routine endoscopy and found that VG (n = 352) was significantly associated with increased BMI (1.12 [1.05–1.18], P < 0.01), reflux esophagitis (1.96 [1.10–3.28], P < 0.01), and H. pylori negativity with or without a history of eradication (9.94 [6.00–16.47] and 6.12 [3.51–10.68], P < 0.001, respectively). Numerous-type (n = 163) VG was associated with both closed- and open-type gastric atrophy (9.9 [4.04–21.37] and 8.10 [3.41–19.24], P < 0.001, respectively). There were no statistical differences between groups regarding age, sex, total cholesterol, albumin, and bile-colored gastric juice. Conclusions Verrucous antral gastritis was related to increased BMI, reflux esophagitis, and H. pylori negativity. Numerous-type verrucous lesions were associated with gastric atrophy. These indicate that VG may be a physiological phenomenon due to high gastric acidity, mechanical overload, and vulnerability of background mucosa.
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Aspaas, Per Pippin. "Synnøve des Bouvries karriere ved UiT, 1972–2014: Intervju og bibliografi." Nordlit, no. 33 (November 16, 2014): xix. http://dx.doi.org/10.7557/13.3191.
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<p><em>The career of Synnøve des Bouvrie at the University of Tromsø, 1972–2014: Interview and bibliography. </em>Synnøve des Bouvrie was born in Bussum near Amsterdam on 16 November 1944 as the child of a Norwegian mother and a Dutch father. After studies of classical philology at Leiden, she became one of the first lecturers at the University of Tromsø (UiT) in September 1972. A true pioneer, she has fought relentlessly for gender equality and the preservation of the so-called «small» languages at the UiT. Mastering ten languages altogether, Synnøve’s own research has always been internationally oriented. Applying an anthropological perspective on the ancient societies, she has also studied the current study of ancient tragedies from a similar, detached perspective, by means of which she has been able to single out national trends and historical contingency in cutting-edge research. Moreover, this «rare bird in Ultima Thule» is a staunch advocate for the active use of Latin in teaching and research and a prominent member of the <em>Academia Latinitati Fovendae</em>. In Tromsø too, she has been active in another academy, the cross-disciplinary <em>Academia Borealis</em>, of which she is the serving president. Moreover, she has taught and helped establish courses in various subjects outside her field of specialty at the UiT, like a cross-disciplinary course on Graeco-Roman art, archaeology, literature and history (<em>Antikkens kultur</em>) and comparative literature (<em>Allmenn litteratur</em>). The interview is highly personal, crammed with anecdotes from Synnøve’s private life and deliberations on how her upbringing may have influenced her choices as an academic. The bibliography lists her publications from 1972 to the present. In the interview she reveals that a monograph on Euripides can be expected to be published soon with an international publisher. In the appendix several illustrations are included, with captions in English.</p>
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Rengdong, Xiang. "First Translation and Retranslation in the Historical, Social and Cultural Context: A case study of two Chinese versions of Tess of the D'Urbervilles." Babel. Revue internationale de la traduction / International Journal of Translation 58, no. 4 (December 31, 2012): 457–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/babel.58.4.06xia.
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The case study examined in depth is a comparison analysis of the classical English novel Tess of the D’Urbervilles by Thomas Hardy, which has been translated into Chinese seven times, with seven versions preserving the novel form of the original. The present study will elaborate on the differences between two Chinese versions of Tess of the D’Urbervilles, one is Zhang Guruo’s version translated in 1934, and the other is Sun Zhili’s version translated in 1999, with regard to language style, literature, concept, acceptance of context, as well as the different translation strategies translators adopted in different historical, social and cultural contexts. The study also examines the special role played in the process by the two translations. The present paper thus contributes both to translation studies and to literary theory. The comparison is carried out by answering the following questions: – What are the social cultural impacts on the first translation and the retranslation? – What kind of selection tendencies do the two translators have? – What are the specific translation strategies adopted by the translators in the field of social customs, history and religion, literature and art, Bible and other allusions, literature and historical figures? Why? Résumé L’etude de cas examinee en detail est une analyse comparative du roman anglais classique Tess of the D’Ubervilles de Thomas Hardy, qui a ete traduit sept fois en chinois, avec sept versions preservant la forme originale du roman. Cette etude exposera dans le detail les differences entre deux versions chinoises de Tess of the D’ Ubervilles, l’une etant la version de Zhang Guro traduite en 1934 et l’autre celle de Sun Zhili traduite en 1999, en ce qui concerne le style de la langue, la litterature, le concept, l’acceptation du contexte, ainsi que les differentes strategies de traduction que les traducteurs ont adoptees dans differents contextes historiques, sociaux et culturels. L’etude examine egalement le role special joue dans le processus par les deux traductions. Par consequent, cet article contribue tant a la traductologie qu’ a la theorie litteraire. La comparaison est effectuee en repondant aux questions suivantes : – Quels sont les impacts socio-culturels sur la premiere traduction et la retraduction ? – Quel type de tendances de selection les deux traducteurs ont-ils ? – Quelles sont les strategies de traduction specifiques, adoptees par les traducteurs dans le domaine des coutumes sociales, de l’histoire et de la religion, de la litterature et de l’art, de la bible et d’autres allusions, des personnages litteraires et historiques ? Pourquoi ?
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Saussy, Haun. "Comparative Literature?" Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 118, no. 2 (March 2003): 336–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/003081203x67730.
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What is comparative literature? Not a theory or a methodology, certainly (which raises the question of why this article should appear in a series so entitled), though theories and methodologies aplenty occur as part of its typical business. Is there, or can there be, an object of knowledge identifiable as “comparative literature”?When I began hearing about comparative literature in the middle 1970s, there was a fairly straightforward means of distinguishing comparative literature on the university campuses where it was done. The English department pursued knowledge of language and literature in one language; the foreign language departments pursued similar studies in two languages (typically English, assumed to be most students' native language, plus the foreign tongue); and comparative literature committees, programs, or departments carried out literary analysis in at least three languages at once.
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Fowler, Robert L., and Wolfgang G. Haase. "Classical mythology and Nineteenth-Century English Literature." International Journal of the Classical Tradition 5, no. 3 (March 1999): 335. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02687691.
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Ghosh, Peter. "Gibbon's First Thoughts: Rome, Christianity and the Essai sur l'Étude de la Littérature 1758–61." Journal of Roman Studies 85 (November 1995): 148–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/301061.
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While Gibbon's Roman History and his Memoirs are established as classic works in any canon of English or historical literature, the first of his three books, the youthful Essai sur l'Étude de la Littérature (1758–61), remains the victim of comparative neglect. There has been no edition of this work since 1814, but we can ill afford to ignore a text which is at once the first fruit of Gibbon's intellectual ‘creation’ at Lausanne in the 1750s, and also serves as an indispensable general and methodological introduction to his History. One symptom of our casual attitude lies in the fact that, although the Essai is the only one of Gibbon's works which can be traced from its manuscript conception through to final publication, no attempt has been made to explore his compositional and intellectual processes by this route. Furthermore, in an age where every scrap of new text by the great historian has become a precious relic worthy of immediate publication, we have overlooked thereby the last really significant cache of his unpublished writing. Given its subject matter, one may say that the omission is not merely significant but spectacular. In a series of cancelled passages from the Essai's first draft of 1758, Gibbon dealt with topics such as the need for philosophic detachment, rather than sentimental alignment, in discussing Roman history; the role of ‘general’ or profound causes in explaining Rome's rise and fall; and the significance of Pagan corruption for the rise of Christianity.
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Tuleasca, Constantin, Jean Régis, Arjun Sahgal, Antonio De Salles, Motohiro Hayashi, Lijun Ma, Roberto Martínez-Álvarez, et al. "Stereotactic radiosurgery for trigeminal neuralgia: a systematic review." Journal of Neurosurgery 130, no. 3 (March 2019): 733–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2017.9.jns17545.
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OBJECTIVESThe aims of this systematic review are to provide an objective summary of the published literature specific to the treatment of classical trigeminal neuralgia with stereotactic radiosurgery (RS) and to develop consensus guideline recommendations for the use of RS, as endorsed by the International Society of Stereotactic Radiosurgery (ISRS).METHODSThe authors performed a systematic review of the English-language literature from 1951 up to December 2015 using the Embase, PubMed, and MEDLINE databases. The following MeSH terms were used in a title and abstract screening: “radiosurgery” AND “trigeminal.” Of the 585 initial results obtained, the authors performed a full text screening of 185 studies and ultimately found 65 eligible studies. Guideline recommendations were based on level of evidence and level of consensus, the latter predefined as at least 85% agreement among the ISRS guideline committee members.RESULTSThe results for 65 studies (6461 patients) are reported: 45 Gamma Knife RS (GKS) studies (5687 patients [88%]), 11 linear accelerator (LINAC) RS studies (511 patients [8%]), and 9 CyberKnife RS (CKR) studies (263 patients [4%]). With the exception of one prospective study, all studies were retrospective.The mean maximal doses were 71.1–90.1 Gy (prescribed at the 100% isodose line) for GKS, 83.3 Gy for LINAC, and 64.3–80.5 Gy for CKR (the latter two prescribed at the 80% or 90% isodose lines, respectively). The ranges of maximal doses were as follows: 60–97 Gy for GKS, 50–90 Gy for LINAC, and 66–90 Gy for CKR.Actuarial initial freedom from pain (FFP) without medication ranged from 28.6% to 100% (mean 53.1%, median 52.1%) for GKS, from 17.3% to 76% (mean 49.3%, median 43.2%) for LINAC, and from 40% to 72% (mean 56.3%, median 58%) for CKR. Specific to hypesthesia, the crude rates (all Barrow Neurological Institute Pain Intensity Scale scores included) ranged from 0% to 68.8% (mean 21.7%, median 19%) for GKS, from 11.4% to 49.7% (mean 27.6%, median 28.5%) for LINAC, and from 11.8% to 51.2% (mean 29.1%, median 18.7%) for CKR. Other complications included dysesthesias, paresthesias, dry eye, deafferentation pain, and keratitis. Hypesthesia and paresthesia occurred as complications only when the anterior retrogasserian portion of the trigeminal nerve was targeted, whereas the other listed complications occurred when the root entry zone was targeted. Recurrence rates ranged from 0% to 52.2% (mean 24.6%, median 23%) for GKS, from 19% to 63% (mean 32.2%, median 29%) for LINAC, and from 15.8% to 33% (mean 25.8%, median 27.2%) for CKR. Two GKS series reported 30% and 45.3% of patients who were pain free without medication at 10 years.CONCLUSIONSThe literature is limited in its level of evidence, with only one comparative randomized trial (1 vs 2 isocenters) reported to date. At present, one can conclude that RS is a safe and effective therapy for drug-resistant trigeminal neuralgia. A number of consensus statements have been made and endorsed by the ISRS.
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Frost, William, and George DeForest Lord. "Classical Presences in Seventeenth-Century English Poetry." Comparative Literature 41, no. 4 (1989): 395. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1770729.
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Toliver, H. "Classical Presences in Seventeenth-Century English Poetry." Modern Language Quarterly 48, no. 3 (January 1, 1987): 285–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00267929-48-3-285.
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Semerenko, Lubov I., and Oleksandr O. Pliushchai. "Pictorial as readable: ekphrasis in a literary work and reader’s p." Alfred Nobel University Journal of Philology 1, no. 23 (June 2022): 50–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.32342/2523-4463-2022-1-23-4.
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The interaction of arts which poets, writers, artists, scholars and philosophers have always paid considerable attention, has gained popularity recently and it has been given serious consideration in art history, literary and cultural studies, and aesthetics. Some researchers explain a growing interest in the phenomenon of increasing significance of visuality in modern culture. The aim of the article is to clarify the status quo in the study of ekphrasis in literary and cultural studies. To achieve the aim pursued, the following research methods have been used: cultural-aesthetic, comparative and hermeneutic. The paper focuses on the concept of ekphrasis and its use in literary works and studies the current trends in the study of ekphrasis, regarding its definition, typology, functions, ekphrastic genre invariants, and reader’s perception of ekphrasis. Some exemplary instances of ekphrasis description in English ekphrastic poetry and emotive prose have been considered, and the verbal means of ekphrasis generation have been analysed. The analysis of the most popular works of domestic and foreign scholars such as: N.S. Bochkareva, L. Geller, N.N. Yefimova, A.Yu. Krivoruchko, V. Cunningham, J. Hollander, L. Spitzer and many others, has allowed to make the conclusion that most scholars use the definition of ekphrasis as a “poetic description of a pictorial or sculptural work of art” suggested by Leo Spitzer, although, the definition of ekphrasis as a “verbal representation of visual representation” of James Hefferman, which is a broader concept is also popular. Different classifications of ekphrasis have been suggested by the researchers. N. Braginskaya, for instance, distinguishes the dialogical and monological ekphrasis on the basis of the internal structure of the text, the main difference being the manner of presenting information to the reader. The typology of ekphrasis and its main functions are mainly given on the basis of creative works of a particular writer or poet and many researchers pay attention to sense general features of ekphrasis as the process which combines iconic and sign images in verbal discourse. Ekphrasis, being the representation of other arts in literature, expands considerably the narrative space. The origin of ekphrasis goes back to the ancient times where it is seen as a rhetorical device. In classical rhetoric, ekphrasis could refer virtually to any extended description of art objects. Ekphrasis, an ancient rhetorical term, has been now revived in academic circles, in the studies of art and literature. After languishing in obscurity until 1967, when Murray Krieger published a notable essay on it, ekphrasis is commanding major attention, “ploughing the inexhaustibly fertile ground where literature meets visual arts”. There are various approaches to the study of the ekphrastic tradition, and the historical approach being one of them, can be seen in many works. Ekphrasi in modern research is a multifaceted and polyfunctional phenomenon. The typology of ekphrasis and its main functions are mainly given on the basis of the particular poet`s or writer`s creative works, paying attention to some general features of ekphrasis which combines iconic and sign images in verbal discourse. The phenomenon of ekphrasis merits further consideration, especially, due to the availability of Liliane Louvel’s The Pictorial Third: An Essay into Intermedial Criticism, which provides the author’s innovative approach to the understanding of the relationships between the literary text and image.
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Ahn, Dong Hyun, and Jin Kyeong Kim. "A Case Study of General Education Using Classic English Novels: Focusing on Seoul Theological University's 〈H+Reading Classics and Debate〉." Korean Society of Culture and Convergence 44, no. 10 (October 31, 2022): 177–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.33645/cnc.2022.10.44.10.177.
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This paper aims to re-evaluate classical literature’s fundamental role in liberal education, and propose convergent education that incorporates more English novels. Modern curricula in American universities have systematized the use of classical literature, and since the 2000’s, classical literature has had a significant role in general education in Korea. However, with new focus in convergence education, interest in classical reading education has been dwindling. In order to analyze the possible benefits of classical reading education through English novels, this paper examines two Seoul Theological University courses. These courses show that novels have advantages over other classical literature or genres by being more approachable and interesting. Furthermore, novels are appropriate for convergence education as they deal with complex subjects from many different fields that converge together. English novels in particular are especially beneficial as they allow students to experience foreign cultures and broaden their horizons. For these reasons, we propose that English novels be more actively used in classical reading education.
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Hart, Jonathan Locke. "Poetry in English as Comparative and World Literature." University of Toronto Quarterly 88, no. 2 (August 2019): 229–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/utq.88.2.10.
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Hao, Fu. "On English Translations of Classical Chinese Poetry." Babel. Revue internationale de la traduction / International Journal of Translation 45, no. 3 (November 15, 1999): 227–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/babel.45.3.05hao.
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Abstract There have been numerous classical Chinese poems translated into English since the 18th century, and many of them enjoy more than one version. This article discusses some prominent aspects of English translation of classical Chinese poetry, such as choice of words, syntax, metre and form, and allusion, based on comparative analysis of different versions. In the language of classical Chinese poetry, the prevailing monosyllabic word often tends to be polysemous and the grammatical function of a word more flexible. There are also many grammatical ellipses in its syntax. How does a translator choose the right word and decipher the sentence? In addition, classical Chinese poetry enjoys strict verse forms and rhyme schemes, and has a tradition to employ literary allusions. How can an English version achieve an equivalent effect? To solve such problems, translators in different times and places have made various experiments. But the swing of the pendulum seems not to go beyond the two extremes, rigidly imitating the original form or freely rewriting in another language. Under proper modulation, both methods may score some points. Résumé Il y a eu de nombreux poèmes classiques en langue chinoise traduits vers la langue anglaise depuis le 18ème siècle, et plusieurs d'entre eux ont plus d'une version. Cet article discute de certains aspects particuliers de la traduction anglaise de la poésie classique chinoise tels que le choix des mots, la syntaxe, la versification et la forme ainsi que les allusions, basées sur l'analyse comparative des différentes versions. Dans le langage de la poésie classique chinoise, le mot monosyllabique qui prévaut tend à avoir plusieurs significations et la fonction grammaticale du mot à être plus souple. Il existe aussi beaucoup d'ellipses grammaticales dans sa syntaxe. Comment un traducteur choisit-il le mot exact et décompose-t-il la phrase? En outre. la poésie classique chinoise nous offre une structure en vers et un agencement de rimes très strictes et possède une tradition de l'emploi d'allusions littéraires. Comment une version anglaise peut-elle atteindre un effet équivalent? Pour résoudre ce type de problèmes, les traducteurs à différentes époques et lieux ont effectué des expériences différentes. Mais le pendule ne balance pas en dehors des deux extrêmes, l'imitation rigide de la forme originale ou sa réécriture libre dans une autre langue. Selon la modulation appropriée, chacune des deux méthodes pourrait présenter certains avantages.
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Ganin, V. N. "The English Dialogue with French Classical Literature (C. Raine «1953»)." Вестник Московского государственного лингвистического университета. Гуманитарные науки, no. 3 (2021): 264–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.52070/2542-2197_2021_3_845_264.
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Khallieva, Gulnoz, and Bahor Turaeva. "COMPARATIVE STUDIES OF E.BERTELS ON NAVOI WORKS." ALISHER NAVOIY INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL 1, no. 1 (January 30, 2021): 179–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.26739/2181-1490-2021-1-18.
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The article studies the scientific activity of E. E. Bertels (1881-1957), one of the orientalists who seriously studied Uzbek classical literature on the basis of high textological training. The aim of the article is to reveal the literary criticism of Uzbek classical literature in Russian orientalism of the XX century in comparatively study of the process of the Uzbek classical literature research in connection with cultural, literary and historical-social processes, unbias evaluation of Russian scholars literary-aesthetic viewpoints
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Jinseo Noh. "Cultural Elements in Korean-English Translation of the Korean Classical Literature." Bilingual Research ll, no. 52 (June 2013): 101–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.17296/korbil.2013..52.101.
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Zerkina, Natalya, Yekaterina Lomakina, and Natalia Kostina. "Place and Role of English Classical Literature in Modern Educational Discourse." Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 199 (August 2015): 459–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.07.532.
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Udhayakumar, S. "Kinds of Ode: A Comparative Study." Shanlax International Journal of English 9, no. 2 (March 1, 2021): 43–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/english.v9i2.3717.
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This paper brings a comparative analysis of three types of ode poems, i.e., the Pindaric, Horatian and Irregular odes. Its major focus is on the evolutionary changes of odes from its inception at Grecian to English Romantic odes which were greatly influenced by many like Roman influence, Italian influence, Renaissance and Romantic period etc. Moreover the paper gives a clear picture of ode poetry, its characteristics, form and structure and the functions of each type. Through a comparative study the distinct characteristics of the three types are explicated. Some of the ode poems of English poetry such as “The progress of Poesy: A Pindaric ode” by Thomas Grey, “Ode on Solitude” by Alexander Pope and “Ode on a Grecian Urn” by John Keats have been taken as the English models of the three kinds respectively. These poems where compared with the original classical models and critically analyzed.
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Collins, Peter. "The structure of English comparative clauses∗." English Studies 75, no. 2 (March 1994): 157–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00138389408598907.
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Acharya, Pushpa Raj. "Rabindranath Tagore and World Literature." Literary Studies 28, no. 01 (December 1, 2015): 71–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/litstud.v28i01.39577.
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Courses on world literature in English translations indicate to a new popular trend in the discipline of comparative literature in North American universities. Some scholars like David Damrosch promote the practice as a new way of doing comparative literature, but others like Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak think that an encyclopedic survey of world literatures in English translations confirms the logic of globalization. Whether the world literature courses and anthologies in English translation inspire enthusiasm or invite reservation, the question "What is world literature?" has come to the fore as one of the central concerns of the discipline. In 1907, eighty years after German poet Johann Wolfgang von Goethe in Germany coined the term Weltliteratur, Rabindranath Tagore in India expressed his views on “comparative literature” translating it as vishwa sahitya, “world literature.” My paper is a reading of Tagore’s lecture on world literature. Tagore envisions world literature as a creative transgression that activates a persistent human struggle for a bonding between aesthetics and alterity.
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Collins, Andrew. "The Modern Pronunciation of the Classical Proper Name “Hephaestion” in English Literature." ANQ: A Quarterly Journal of Short Articles, Notes and Reviews 27, no. 2 (April 3, 2014): 52–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0895769x.2014.912127.
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Kakkar, Shruti. "NATURE OF AESTHETIC CLASSICAL THINKING IN SECULAR SANSKRIT LITERATURE." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 7, no. 11 (November 30, 2019): 268–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v7.i11.2019.3751.
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English: The Ramayana and the Mahabharata are considered epics, which are two representative texts of the advanced tradition of Indian literature. Their study gives the knowledge of the state of art prevailing at that time. By the time of "Ramayana" and "Mahabharata", there had been substantial development of painting, sculpture and architecture.
Hindi: रामायण और महाभारत को महाकाव्य माना जाता है जो भारतीय साहित्य की उन्नत परम्परा के दो प्रतिनिधि ग्रन्थ हैं। इनके अध्ययन से उस समय प्रचलित कला की स्थिति का ज्ञान होता है। ''रामायण'' और ''महाभारत'' काल तक चित्रकला, मूर्तिकला व वास्तुकला का पर्याप्त विकास हो चुका था।
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Chambers, Claire. "A comparative approach to Pakistani fiction in English." Journal of Postcolonial Writing 47, no. 2 (May 2011): 122–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17449855.2011.557182.
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