Dissertations / Theses: 'Comparative logic (history of)'

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Friberg, Katarina. "The workings of co-operation : A comparative study of consumer co-operative organisation in Britain and Sweden, 1860-1970." Doctoral thesis, Växjö universitet, Institutionen för humaniora, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:vxu:diva-432.

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This thesis explores the workings of co-operation. It proceeds by way of a two-case comparative study, where the units of comparison are local consumer co-operatives: the Newcastle upon Tyne Co-operative Society Ltd., situated in the north-east of England, and Konsumentföreningen Solidar in Malmö, in the south-west of Sweden. We get to follow the two societies through minutes from member meetings, and from several other data sources, from their dates of birth to 1970. This material is utilised for cross-case and within-case comparisons as we follow the interaction between the societies and their environments, between organisational structure and decision-making, and between different factions within the societies. The primary purpose is to charter, understand, and explain the complexities brought out by the empirical inquiry. But in doing so, we also discern more general underlying principles for variations in the workings of co-operation. While this makes the thesis into an exploratory endeavour, it also contains an attempt to map the historiography of co-operation in Britain and Sweden: themes and research questions are construed so as to make a contribution to both literatures. One such contribution is the description and analysis of two separate organisational logics, of their dynamics, conditions, effects, and development over time.

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Lantschner, Patrick. "The logic of political conflict in the late Middle Ages : a comparative study of urban political conflicts in Italy and the southern Low Countries, c. 1370-1440." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:88345337-bad5-4eb6-b626-ec6ae003cfef.

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This thesis examines urban political conflict in the late Middle Ages (c. 1370-1440) in Europe’s most heavily urbanised regions, Italy and the Southern Low Countries. Conflicts have frequently been viewed in the context of an emerging state-controlled political order, and have been interpreted either as forms of disruptive disorder, or as affirmations of political processes shaped by states. This thesis suggests that urban conflict should be studied not in the context of a state-controlled political order, but within the political framework provided by the numerous semi-autonomous jurisdictional institutions inside and outside cities (such as guilds, parishes or contending outside powers). This pluralistic order of politics gave rise to a form of political order sui generis which expressed itself in two ways. According to a general logic of conflict (Part One), particular rationales for justifying conflict (Chapter One) and specific political practices ranging from concealed protest to urban warfare (Chapter Two) were embedded in this multi-faceted and shifting political framework. Action groups could be negotiated and renegotiated around the resources provided by the city’s multiple legitimating institutions (Chapter Three). At the same time, such political institutions were configured differently in different cities, and this also generated a particular logic which lay at the basis of different systems of conflict (Part Two). Levels of conflict could, in fact, vary greatly between Bologna and Liège (Chapter Four), Florence and Tournai (Chapter Five), and Lille and Verona (Chapter Six), where, on the basis of different underlying political institutions, diverse practices of conflict and forms of association prevailed. The pluralistic order of politics itself was, therefore, a form of political organisation which crystallised around conflict. It gave rise to a logic which put conflict at the centre of the political order of late medieval cities.

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Ozkan, Cuma. "A comparative analysis| Buddhist Madhyamaka and Daoist Chongxuan (Twofold Mystery) in the early Tang (618-720)." Thesis, The University of Iowa, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1540391.

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The interactions between Chinese religions has occupied an enormous amount of scholarly attention in many fields because there have been direct and indirect consequences resulting from the interactions among Buddhism, Daoism, and Confucianism. These religious traditions have obviously influenced each other in many respects such as rituals, doctrines, textual materials, philosophy and so on. Accordingly, I will, in this paper, critically analyze the implications of the interactions between Buddhism and Daoism by examining Twofold Mystery. Since Twofold Mystery is heavily dependent on Madhyamaka Buddhist concepts, this study will, on the one hand, examine the influence of Madhyamaka Buddhism on the development of Twofold Mystery. On the other hand, it will critically survey how Twofold Mystery remained faithful to the Daoist worldview.

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Cosci, Matteo. "Verità e comparazione in Aristotele." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3422182.

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This research aims to study the Aristotelian notion of truth (ἀλήϑεια) in relation to the development of the so called logic of comparison from a historical and philosophical standpoint. The logic of comparison (or comparative logic) is defined as the proportioning way to make comparisons between different terms through major, minor or equal measure (Casari 1984; 1985). The main thesis of this research is that the Aristotelian notion of truth is not a gradable value, i. e. declinable by “more” or “less”, but, because of that, it could be considered as the ultimative reference of validity for comparative logic. This is argued through the analysis of three chosen key-concepts: gradationism, truth and comparison. Firstly, it is shown how some Aristotelian conceptions about “more” or “less” were unduly taken over with ontological (mis)understanding by later metaphisics, up to consider them as logical justification of existence for degrees of being and corresponding truths, despite Aristotle’s thought, from faulty sensibility to a highest level of absolute Truth. Some recent authoritative studies about the subject of the Aristotelian theory of ἀλήϑεια are been considered here and the result is that none of those allows to attribute such a gradable notion to Aristotle. Then it is proposed a critique evaluation about the problem of the origins of the ancient comparative logic, showing that presumed degrees of truth are not detectable at all in the Aristotelian dialectic, but only more or less sound arguments always based on the criterion of bivalence (truth/false) provided by the Principle of Excluded Middle. Finally, the research ends arguing the groundlessness for attributing to Aristotle the idea of an intuitive and pre-predicative truth as different, prior and superior to an alleged predicative truth through the contextual critique of the interpretations of A. Trendelenburg (1846), F. Brentano (1862) and M. Heidegger (1930) and their common Neo-Scholastic background. - From a theoretical point of view, the whole thesis can be read as a critique to the idea of «truer»
La presente ricerca mira a studiare da un punto di vista storico-filosofico la nozione aristotelica di verità (ἀλήϑεια) in relazione allo sviluppo della cosiddetta logica della comparazione. La logica della comparazione (o comparativa) è definita come la procedura di proporzionamento atta ad effettuare confronti tra diversi termini di paragone secondo maggiore, minore o uguale misura (Casari 1984; 1985). La tesi centrale di questa ricerca è che la nozione aristotelica di verità non sia un valore gradazionistico, declinabile cioè secondo “più” e “meno”, ma che, proprio in virtù di questo, possa costituire il riferimento di validità per una comparazione logica. Tre sono i concetti chiave attorno ai quali si articola l’esposizione: gradazionismo, verità, comparazione. In tema di gradazionismo, si mostra come alcune concezioni logiche aristoteliche siano state poi equivocate in senso ontolgico dalle metafisiche successive, fino a giustificare, malgrado Aristotele, l’esistenza di livelli di essere-verità culminanti in un Vero assoluto. In tema di verità, si prendono in analisi alcune recenti autorevoli interpretazioni sul tema dell’ἀλήϑεια aristotelica e si dimostra come nessuna di queste autorizzi ad attribuire ad Aristotele una nozione gradazionistica di verità. In tema di comparazione, si cerca di offrire un bilancio critico riguardo all’origine della logica comparativa antica, mostrando come nella dialettica aristotelica non siano rilevabili gradi di verità, quanto piuttosto modi più o meno fondati di argomentare, sempre basati comunque sulla presupposizione del criterio di bivalenza (vero/falso) ben definito dal principio del terzo escluso. Infine, la ricerca si conclude sostenendo l’implausibilità di attribuzione ad Aristotele dell’idea di una nozione di verità intuizionistica ed antepredicativa come differente, prioritaria e superiore rispetto ad una verità del giudizio, attraverso la critica contestuale di A. Trendelenburg (1846), F. Brentano (1862) e M. Heidegger (1930) e alla loro comune impostazione neoscolastica. - Da un punto di vista teoretico, questa tesi può essere letta come una critica all’idea di «più vero»

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Zhang, Yijing. "Traduire l’impensé, penser l’intraduisible. La première traduction chinoise des Catégories d’Aristote." Thesis, Paris 4, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA040119.

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Le traité des Catégories d’Aristote est l’une des premières œuvres de la philosophie occidentale traduite en chinois. Introduit par les jésuites en Chine au XVIIème siècle, sa traduction fut une confrontation entre la pensée gréco-chrétienne et la pensée chinoise. Elle nous renseigne sur le rapport entre la langue et la pensée. Le premier chapitre est un aperçu de l’environnement historico-culturel dans lequel cette traduction a été réalisée. Le deuxième chapitre présente notre méthode et nos outils de travail. Nous expliquons, dans le troisième chapitre, le titre de l’ouvrage en chinois : il est censé être la traduction du mot « logique », mais il est composé de mots qui renvoient à des doctrines philosophiques chinoises traitant de problèmes fondamentalement différents de ceux dont s’occupe la logique aristotélicienne. Les quatrième et cinquième chapitres constituent un commentaire de la traduction chinoise du premier chapitre du traité aristotélicien. Les différences linguistiques entre le chinois et les langues indo-européennes se révèlent tant sur le plan lexical que sur le plan grammatical. Nous terminons notre travail par une discussion sur la traduction du verbe « être ». Notre objet est de montrer que ce qui est perdu dans la traduction est moins le sens du mot « être » que sa syntaxe et le mode de pensée qui lui est lié. Étudier les intraduisibles en philosophie, c’est découvrir les différentes façons de thématiser et de problématiser, qui caractérisent chaque système de pensée. Cette étude de philosophie comparée gréco-chinoise espère contribuer à la réflexion sur la pluralité linguistique et culturelle
Aristotle’s Categories is one of the first Western philosophical texts translated into Chinese. Since Jesuit missionaries introduced scientific thoughts into China in the 17th century, Chinese literati have shown a strong interest in the demonstration method that was originated in Aristotelian logic. This dissertation presents a detailed study of the Chinese translation Ming li tan, with the aim of addressing several issues on the relationship between language and thought. Chapter 1 is an overview of the historical and cultural environment in which the translation took place. Chapter 2 presents our approach to comparative philosophy. Chapter 3 discusses the translation of the title “Ming li tan”. The term “ming li” is used as a translation of the word “logic”, but is actually composed of terms referring to Chinese philosophical doctrines which deal with problems fundamentally different from those of the Aristotelian logic. Chapters 4 and 5 provide a detailed commentary of the Chinese translation of the first chapter of Categories, focusing in particular on three notions: homonym, synonym and paronym. We conclude our work with a discussion on the translation of the verb “to be” and its derivatives (e.g., being, substance), and explain the reasoning behind its various Chinese renditions. Our central claim is that what is lost in translation is less the literal meaning of word “to be” than its syntax and the way of thinking underlying the use of this word. The focus on translation provides a unique approach to studying linguistic relativism and linguistic and cultural pluralism. A good understanding of these issues is crucial for improving the intercultural dialogue

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Blackburn, Patrick Rowan. "Nominal tense logic and other sorted intensional frameworks." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/6588.

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This thesis introduces of a system of tense logic called nominal tense logic (NTL), and several extensions. Its primary aim is to establish that these systems are logically interesting, and can provide useful models of natural language tense, temporal reference, and their interaction. Languages of nominal tense logic are a simple augmentation of Priorean tense logic. They add to the familiar Priorean languages a new sort of atomic symbol, nominals. Like propositional variables, nominals are atomic sentences and may be freely combined with other wffs using the usual connectives. When interpreting these languages we handle the Priorean components standardly, but insist that nominals must be true at one and only one time. We can think of nominals as naming this time. Logically, the change increases the expressive power of tensed languages. There are certain intuitions about the flow of time, such as irreflexivity, that cannot be expressed in Priorean languages; with nominals they can. The effects of this increase in expressive power on the usual model theoretic results for tensed languages discussed, and completeness and decidability results for several temporally interesting classes of frames are given. Various extensions of the basic system are also investigated and similar results are proved. In the final chapter a brief treatment of similarly referential interval based logics is presented. As far as natural language semantics is concerned, the change is an important one. A familiar criticism of Priorean tense logic is that as it lacks any mechanism for temporal reference, it cannot provide realistic models of natural language temporal usage. Natural language tense is at least partly about referring to times, and nowadays the deictic and anaphoric properties of tense are a focus of research. The thesis presents a uniform treatment of certain temporally referring expressions such as indexicals, and simple discourse phenomena.

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Friedman-Biglin, Noah. "Carnap's conventionalism : logic, science, and tolerance." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/6334.

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In broadest terms, this thesis is concerned to answer the question of whether the view that arithmetic is analytic can be maintained consistently. Lest there be much suspense, I will conclude that it can. Those who disagree claim that accounts which defend the analyticity of arithmetic are either unable to give a satisfactory account of the foundations of mathematics due to the incompleteness theorems, or, if steps are taken to mitigate incompleteness, then the view loses the ability to account for the applicability of mathematics in the sciences. I will show that this criticism is not successful against every view whereby arithmetic is analytic by showing that the brand of "conventionalism" about mathematics that Rudolf Carnap advocated in the 1930s, especially in Logical Syntax of Language, does not suffer from these difficulties. There, Carnap develops an account of logic and mathematics that ensures the analyticity of both. It is based on his famous "Principle of Tolerance", and so the major focus of this thesis will to defend this principle from certain criticisms that have arisen in the 80 years since the book was published. I claim that these criticisms all share certain misunderstandings of the principle, and, because my diagnosis of the critiques is that they misunderstand Carnap, the defense I will give is of a primarily historical and exegetical nature. Again speaking broadly, the defense will be split into two parts: one primarily historical and the other argumentative. The historical section concerns the development of Carnap's views on logic and mathematics, from their beginnings in Frege's lectures up through the publication of Logical Syntax. Though this material is well-trod ground, it is necessary background for the second part. In part two we shift gears, and leave aside the historical development of Carnap's views to examine a certain family of critiques of it. We focus on the version due to Kurt Gödel, but also explore four others found in the literature. In the final chapter, I develop a reading of Carnap's Principle - the `wide' reading. It is one whereby there are no antecedent constraints on the construction of linguistic frameworks. I argue that this reading of the principle resolves the purported problems. Though this thesis is not a vindication of Carnap's view of logic and mathematics tout court, it does show that the view has more plausibility than is commonly thought.

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Chrisomalis, Stephen. "The comparative history of numerical notation." Thesis, McGill University, 2003. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=19493.

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Numerical notation systems are structured, visual, and primarily non-phonetic systems for representing number. This study employs a diachronic and comparative framework to examine over 100 systems used during the past 5000 years. The historical context of each system's origin, transmission, transformation, and decline is traced, linking systems together into phylogenies, but according priority to neither analogical or homological explanations. Structural aspects of numerical notation systems are compared and the limits of variability among them are established. A two-dimensional typology is presented that analyzes the intraexponential and interexponential structuring of each system, in addition to one or more numerical bases. In previous approaches, the only relevant factor considered was the presence or absence of positionality, which led inevitably to unilinear and progressivist conclusions. The analysis of historical relations among numerical notation systems permits a direct approach to questions of how and why they changed. The application of a multilinear cultural evolutionary framework reveals both synchronic and diachronic regularities among numerical notation systems. Where possible, these cross-cultural regularities are related to principles of cognitive psychology. Full explanations of the cultural evolution of numerical notation must also take account of social factors because changes in systems are always the product of decisions made in particular social contexts. Most numerical notation systems are used only for recording and communication, not computation, so it is illegitimate to evaluate their usefulness for functions for which they were never used. A model is presented that relates structural features of numerical notation systems to the contexts of their use and transmission. Because positional systems are most useful for functions related to administrative and scientific institutions that promote cultural hegemony, the observed trend towards positional numerals is a consequence of the dominance of societies that possess such institutions rather than the numerals' inherent superiority.

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Kim, Mi-Kyung. "The logic of regionalism: a comparative study of regionalism in Europe and Asia." Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/1326.

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Why do some states develop deeper regionalism while others do not? Comparing European and Asian regionalism, this study provides an alternative explanation of different types of regionalism and the national variations in regionalization since the mid 1980s. It defines regionalism as a strategy pursued by a state that desires to enhance its governability of the national economy when market authority outgrows state authority. The rise of regionalism in the neoliberal world economic order changes the balance between the states public power and the states market governability, consequently resulting in a political convergence toward a majoritarian political system based on individualism and delegative democracy. However, regionalism is realized in very distinctive patterns across different regions as the different historical paths of regional capitalism shape the state-society relationship and the states capability of governing the national economy. European welfare states developed a deeper regionalism because they sought to impose a neoliberal economic transformation on their societies by shifting their economic priority of equality and economic policy making based on social concertation toward efficiency and the formation of an encompassing distributional coalition. In contrast, Asian developmental states prefer preserving national autonomy to relying on a formal regional institution to constrain states national authority because they are more capable of implementing the neoliberal economic transformation in terms of market governability and the formation of encompassing distributional coalitions.

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Flores, Javier Alejandro. "Autonomous vehicle navigation a comparative study of classical logic and neural network technique /." To access this resource online via ProQuest Dissertations and Theses @ UTEP, 2009. http://0-proquest.umi.com.lib.utep.edu/login?COPT=REJTPTU0YmImSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=2515.

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Holness, Nelson Anthony. "The analysis of design methods by a comparative study of award-winning industrial architecture (1970-1990)." Thesis, Northumbria University, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.326715.

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This thesis advances a proposition that designers of exemplary industrial buildings adopt design heuristics based on evolving conceptual prototypes. The detail design priorities and formal expressions may vary, but the essential structure of their design solution search patterns should show a high degree of commonality. This commonality is based on the balance between rational and intuitive strategies for design decision making. Therefore it is the central objective of this thesis to demonstrate that a pattern between these two cognitive approaches to design thinking occurs across the cases investigated. The research was organised as a comparative study of the design process used by a selection of designers to design industrial buildings which subsequently received design awards for the quality of their design. Through a series of six case studies using semi-structured interviews and follow-up repertory grid analysis, data was obtained which allowed the various design methods to be recorded, analysed and compared. A control sample of designers of non award winning industrial buildings was also conducted as a comparison to validate the classification of designers on the basis of design quality on the grounds of design awards. The thesis will propose that each designer resorted to a constantly evolving genenc 'prototype' for the design of industrial buildings which helps reduce the search area for a design solution. Therefore relatively little time is required to analyse the problem at the beginning of the process before a suitable solution is formulated. The prototype allows the designers to quickly identify aspects of the design that might prove problematic and hence require specific attention. The strategy is then one of rational analysis to solve specific problems rather than an extensive rationally based development of the whole design. Hence the supporting role of rationally based techniques during the design process. Finally, the familiarity that comes from using a design method based on a constantly evolving prototype provides the designer with greater 'outcome certainty', in that they have an increased likelihood of achieving a successful design as the potential of the prototype is known to the designer at the commencement of the project

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Gould, Russell T. "Logic and the analysis of function in historical archaeology." online access from Digital Dissertation Consortium access full-text, 2002. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/er/db/ddcdiss.pl?3048073.

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Lea, Roy Kim. "A comparative study by simulation and experimentation of control techniques for autonomous underwater flight vehicles." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.264389.

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Pettersson, Emil. "Meta-Interpretive Learning Versus Inductive Metalogic Programming : A Comparative Analysis in Inductive Logic Programming." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för informatik och media, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-393291.

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Artificial intelligence and machine learning are fields of research that have become very popular and are getting more attention in the media as our computational power increases and the theories and latest developments of these fields can be put into practice in the real world. The field of machine learning consists of different paradigms, two of which are the symbolic and connectionist paradigms. In 1991 it was pointed out by Minsky that we could benefit from sharing ideas between the paradigms instead of competing for dominance in the field. That is why this thesis is investigating two approaches to inductive logic programming, where the main research goals are to, first: find similarities or differences between the approaches and potential areas where cross-pollination could be beneficial, and secondly: investigate their relative performance to each other based on the results published in the research. The approaches investigated are Meta-Interpretive Learning and Inductive Metalogic Programming, which belong to the symbolic paradigm of machine learning. The research is conducted through a comparative study based on published research papers. The conclusion to the study suggests that at least two aspects of the approaches could potentially be shared between them, namely the reversible aspect of the meta-interpreter and restricting the hypothesis space using the Herbrand base. However, the findings regarding performance were deemed incompatible, in terms of a fair one to one comparison. The results of the study are mainly specific, but could be interpreted as motivation for similar collaboration efforts between different paradigms.

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Parent, Marcel 1975. "Is comparative philosophy postmodern?" Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=79800.

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This thesis examines the claims of Jeffrey Timm and James Buchanan that the field of Comparative Philosophy is moving in a postmodern direction. I examine their conception of the postmodern and compare to both the most influential views of postmodernism and with my own understanding of postmodernism. To evaluate their claims I examine the journal Philosophy East and West, which I argue is representative of the field of Comparative Philosophy. I analyze the works of the editors of the journal and also do a statistical analysis of the journal to determine whether the field is becoming more postmodern. I conclude that Timm and Buchanan may be correct.

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Mbeau, ache Cyril. "Comparative demography and life history evolution of plants." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/3201.

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Explaining the origin and maintenance of biodiversity is a central goal in ecology and evolutionary biology. Some of the most important, theoretical explanations for this diversity centre on the evolution of life histories. Comparative studies on life history evolution, have received significant attention in the zoological literature, but have lagged in plants. Recent developments, however, have emphasised the value of comparative analysis of data for many species to test existing theories of life history evolution, as well as to provide the basis for developing additional or alternative theories. The primary goal of this study was to explore existing theories of life history evolution using a dataset of demographic information in the form of matrix population models for a large number of plant species. By projecting average matrix population models for 207 plant species, life tables and fecundity schedules were obtained and, in turn, were used to estimate relevant life history parameters. These parameters were then used to explore the i) lability of life history traits in plants ii) their continuum of life history variation, iii) the evolution of senescence and iv) the significance of demographic entropy in population ecology. Elasticities and sensitivities of life history traits showed significant phylogenetic signal compared to other life history traits, although, all the values of phylogenetic signal observed were < 1 indicating that life history traits are generally labile. Eighty one percent of species in the datset had mortality curves that increased with age compared to one hundred percent of species that showed a reproductive value curve that decreases with age at the end of life. In particular, the parameters that measured pace and duration were inversely related suggesting in general, the presence of senescence in our data set. Finally, the tenets of the directionality theory based on demographic entropy were generally not confirmed. This study provides an important contribution to the life history evolution of iteroparous perennial plants and confirms existing theories on life history evolution.

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Jiang, Yun. "Comparative study on the history of derivative action." Thesis, University of Macau, 2016. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b3525657.

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Karamichas, John. "The 'logic' of Green Party formation : a comparative study of the Greek and Spanish cases." Thesis, University of Kent, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.405521.

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Yousef, Abdul Karim. "Crusader ideology (1095-1291) : a comparative study." Thesis, University of Essex, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.315688.

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Seaver, Nicholas Patrick. "A brief history of re-performance." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/59573.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Comparative Media Studies, 2010.
This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 93-97).
Discussions of music reproduction technology have generally focused on what Jonathan Sterne calls "tympanic" reproduction: the recording and playback of sounds through microphones and speakers. While tympanic reproduction has been very successful, its success has limited the ways in which music reproduction is popularly imagined and discussed. This thesis explores the history of "re-performance," an alternative mode of reproduction epitomized by the early twentieth-century player piano. It begins with a discussion of nineteenth-century piano recorders and the historical role of material representation in the production of music. It continues with the advent of player pianos in the early twentieth century that allowed users to "interpret" prerecorded material, blurring the line between performance and reproduction and inspiring popular reflection on the role of the mechanical in music. It concludes with the founding of the American Piano Company laboratory in 1924 and the establishment of a mechanically founded rhetoric of fidelity. Bookending this history is an account of a performance and recording session organized by Zenph Studios, a company that processes historical tympanic recordings to produce high-resolution data files for modern player pianos. Zenph's project appears futuristic from the perspective of tympanic reproduction, but is more readily understood in terms of the history of re-performance, suggesting a need for renewing critical attention on re-performative technologies. Contemporary developments in music reproduction such as music video games and sampling may make new sense considered in the context of re-performance. This alternative history aims to provide a ground on which such analysis could be built.
by Nicholas Patrick Seaver.
S.M.

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Davies, James Edgar. "Changes of Setting and the History of Mathematics: A New Study of Frege." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Mathematics & Statistics, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/4330.

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This thesis addresses an issue in the philosophy of Mathematics which is little discussed, and indeed little recognised. This issue is the phenomenon of a ‘change of setting’. Changes of setting are events which involve a change in a scientific framework which is fruitful for answering questions which were, under an old framework, intractable. The formulation of the new setting usually involves a conceptual re-orientation to the subject matter. In the natural sciences, such re-orientations are arguably unremarkable, inasmuch as it is possible that within the former setting for one’s thinking one was merely in error, and under the new orientation one is merely getting closer to the truth of the matter. However, when the subject matter is pure mathematics, a problem arises in that mathematical truth is (in appearance) timelessly immutable. The conceptions that had been settled upon previously seem not the sort of thing that could be vitiated. Yet within a change of setting that is just what seems to happen. Changes of setting, in particular in their effects on the truth of individual propositions, pose a problem for how to understand mathematical truth. Thus this thesis aims to give a philosophical analysis of the phenomenon of changes of setting, in the spirit of the investigations performed in Wilson (1992) and Manders (1987) and (1989). It does so in three stages, each of which occupies a chapter of the thesis: 1. An analysis of the relationship between mathematical truth and settingchanges, in terms of how the former must be viewed to allow for the latter. This results in a conception of truth in the mathematical sciences which gives a large role to the notion that a mathematical setting must ‘explain itself’ in terms of the problems it is intended to address. 2. In light of (1), I begin an analysis of the change of setting engendered in mathematical logic by Gottlob Frege. In particular, this chapter will address the question of whether Frege’s innovation constitutes a change of setting, by asking the question of whether he is seeking to answer questions which were present in the frameworks which preceded his innovations. I argue that the answer is yes, in that he is addressing the Kantian question of whether alternative systems of arithmetic are possible. This question arises because it had been shown earlier in the 19th century that Kant’s conclusion, that Euclid’s is the only possible description of space, was incorrect. 3. I conclude with an in-depth look at a specific aspect of the logical system constructed in Frege’s Grundgesetze der Arithmetik. The purpose of this chapter is to find evidence for the conclusions of chapter two in Frege’s technical work (as opposed to the philosophical). This is necessitated by chapter one’s conclusions regarding the epistemic interdependence of formal systems and informal views of those frameworks. The overall goal is to give a contemporary account of the possibility of setting-changes; it will turn out that an epistemic grasp of a mathematical system requires that one understand it within a broader, somewhat historical context.

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Harrison, Roger. "Medieval and modern new towns : a comparative study." Thesis, Bangor University, 1985. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/medieval-and-modern-new-towns--a-comparative-study(625e0383-c636-4729-acec-072c5e5301db).html.

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This study was generated by the writer's twenty years of responsibility for the architecture and planning of Runcorn new town in Cheshire. It draws on this experience to chart the development of Runcorn and the towns founded by Edward 1 in North Wales between 1277 and 1284. The work is written in two principal sections dealing with Runcorn and Conway respectively and concludes with a chapter drawing together those points of comparison and contrast made apparent by the main body of the work. The first section in each part examines how these new towns each formed part of a larger programme of town building designed to re-orientate regional economies in the aftermath of war. The process of planning the new towns is then discussed in the context of contemporary functional requirements and the constraints imposed by the selected sites. The origins of the settlers recruited to the new towns is analysed and a theory put forward concerning the methods whereby the medieval new towns were populated by the royal administration. The problems of land assembly are examined and the remarkably similar principles of financial compensation for acquired land that were adopted in the medieval and modern periods. The administration and internal organisation of the new towns are compared and how these related to local government which itself was reorganised contemporaneiously with the development of the new towns. The basis of the economic life of the towns is examined in the context of wider economic factors affecting the financial fortunes of medieval kings and modern democratic government. The trades and occupations of the early settlers are analysed and the relationship of the royal administration and the development corporation to the social and economic life of the new towns. Internal trade and how this was affected by external lines of communication is considered and the concluding part of each section of the work deals with the settled towns and their relationship to the regions in which they were planted.

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Khamis, Susie. "Bushells and the cultural logic of branding." Phd thesis, Australia : Macquarie University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.14/70732.

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Thesis (PhD)--Macquarie University, Division of Society, Culture, Media & Philosophy, Dept. of Media, 2007.
Bibliography: leaves 281-305.
Introduction -- Advertising, branding & consumerism: a literature survey -- Methodology: from Barthes to Bushells -- A taste for tea: how tea travelled to and through Australian culture -- Class in a tea cup -- A tale of two brands -- Thrift, sacrifice and the happy housewife -- 'He likes coffee SHE likes tea' -- 'Is it as good?': Bushells beyond Australia -- 'The one thing we all agree on' -- Conclusion.
Since its introduction in 1883, the Bushells brand of tea has become increasingly identified with Australia's national identity. Like Arnott's, QANTAS and Vegemite, Bushells has become a part of the nation's cultural vocabulary, a treasured store of memories and myths. This thesis investigates how Bushells acquired this status, and the transformation by which an otherwise everyday item evolved from the ordinary to the iconic. In short, through Bushells, I will demonstrate the cultural logic of branding. -- Bushells is ideally suited for an historical analysis of branding in Australia. Firstly, tea has been a staple of the Australian diet since the time of the First Fleet. So, it proves a fitting example of consumer processes since the early days of White settlement. From this, I will consider the rise of an environment sensitive to status, and therefore conducive to branding. In the late nineteenth century, Bushells was challenged to appeal to the burgeoning corps of middle class consumers. To this end, the brand integrated those ideals and associations that turned its tea into one that flattered a certain sensibility. Secondly, having established its affinity with a particular market group, the middle class, Bushells was well positioned to track, acknowledge and incorporate some of the most dominant trends of the twentiethcentury; specifically, the rise of a particular suburban ideal in the 1950s, and changing conceptions of gender, labour and technology. Finally, in the last two decades, Bushells has had to concede decisive shifts in fashion and taste; as Australia's population changed, so too did tea's place and prominence in the market. This thesis thus canvasses all these issues, chronologically and thematically. To do this, I will contextualise Bushells' advertisements in terms of the contemporary conditions that both informed their content, and underpinned their appeal. -- Considering the breadth and depth of this analysis, I argue that in the case of Bushells there is a cultural logic to branding. As brands strive for relevance, they become screens off which major societal processes can be identified and examined. As such, I will show that, in its address to consumers, Bushells broached some of the most significant discourses in Australia's cultural history.
Mode of access: World Wide Web.
v, 305 leaves ill

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Bozzato, Laura <1977&gt. "Romanticism and the enlightened logic of the compromise: a comparative reading of 'Waverley' and 'David Copperfield'." Doctoral thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/289.

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Ho, Sun-yan Anita. "Post-1949 China in Hong Kong's "History" and "Chinese History" curricula a comparative study /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2007. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/b40203815.

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Ho, Sun-yan Anita, and 何蕣顏. "Post-1949 China in Hong Kong's "History" and "Chinese History" curricula: a comparative study." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2007. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B40203815.

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Moraes, Carlos Roberto de [UNESP]. "Uma história da lógica no Brasil." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/102163.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:31:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2007-09-03Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:22:48Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 moraes_cr_dr_rcla.pdf: 3736090 bytes, checksum: bff4869f93df679fa3b0a827a8a642f5 (MD5)
Pretendemos mostrar o desenvolvimento da lógica matemática no Brasil focando principalmente nos sessenta anos iniciais do século XX apresentando obras e estudiosos que contribuíram para a consolidação e o desenvolvimento da lógica como um campo de pesquisa no Brasil. Abordaremos três obras que acreditamos serem relevantes na história da lógica no Brasil: As Ideas Fundamentaes da Matemática, de Manuel Amoroso Costa, publicada em 1929; Elementos de Lógica Matemática, de Vicente Ferreira da Silva, publicada em 1940 e O Sentido da Nova Lógica, de Willian Van Orman Quine, publicada em 1944. A lógica apresenta um salto qualitativo a partir do final dos anos 50, quando dois centros se destacam: um na Universidade de São Paulo (USP), em São Paulo, com o Prof. Edison Farah e outro na antiga Faculdade Nacional de Filosofia, no Rio de Janeiro. Neste trabalho, dedicaremos especial atenção aos pioneiros do grupo de São Paulo, que, no final da década de 50 reuniam-se sob a liderança do Prof. Edison Farah em um grupo de estudiosos de lógica e fundamentos da matemática do qual fizeram parte os professores Benedito Castrucci, Newton Carneiro Affonso da Costa, Mario Tourasse Teixeira e Leonidas Hegenberg que se reuniam em seminários no Departamento de Matemática da Universidade de São Paulo.
We intend to present the development of mathematical logic in Brazil focusing mainly in the first six decades of the twenty century, presenting studies and researchers who contributed to consolidate and develop the logic as a field of research in Brazil. We will discuss about three books we believe that are more relevant in the History of Logic in Brazil: As Ideas Fundamentais da Matemática, by Manuel Amoroso Costa, published in 1929; Elementos de Lógica Matemática, by Vicente Ferreira da Silva, published in 1940; and O Sentido da Nova Lógica, by Willian Van Orman Quine, published in 1944. The logic presents a qualitative upgrade by the end of the fifties, when two centers obtain a great highlight: one at University of Sao Paulo (USP), in Sao Paulo city, with Professor Edison Farah and the other one at the former National Faculty of Philosophy, in Rio de Janeiro city. In the present study, we will pay special attention to the pioneers of the Sao Paulo group that, in the end of the fifty decade, upon the leadership of Professor Edison Farah, organized a group of researchers in logic and fundamentals of mathematics. Professors Benedito Castrucci, Newton Carneiro Affonso da Costa, Mario Tourasse Teixeira, and Leonidas Hegenberg took part of this group that used to have their meetings and seminars in the Department of Mathematics at University of Sao Paulo.

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Blackburn, T. M. "Comparative and experimental studies of animal life history variation." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.257652.

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Fisher, David Lockwood. "Comparative life history studies of sexual and parthenogenetic Liposcelis." Thesis, University of Reading, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.264839.

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30

Behrstock-Sherratt, Ellen. "Teacher shortage in England and Illinois : a comparative history." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.670003.

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Lumsden, John M. "At the limit of the concept : logic and history in Hegel, Schelling, and Adorno." Thesis, University of Essex, 2016. http://repository.essex.ac.uk/16502/.

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In this thesis I show how the challenges of producing a philosophy of history responsive to the negativity of the world benefits from working through the difficulties of G. W. F. Hegel’s systematic philosophy. By revealing the powerful and intricate ways that Hegel gives an illegitimate primacy to thought (or the concept) we can better appreciate the obstacles that face a philosophy which places new emphasis on the nonconceptual whilst recognising the genuine role of the concept. In the first half of this thesis I reconstruct the important criticisms levelled at Hegel by F. W. J. Schelling and Theodor W. Adorno. I argue that both their criticisms illuminate our understanding of the metaphysical status of Hegel’s thought and expose the surreptitious means by which Hegel overextends the concept. The value of Adorno’s and Schelling’s reading of Hegel is also due to the fact that they do not cast aside Hegel’s ambitions as mere fantasy. Rather, they provide important insight into the goals philosophy should be striving towards—even if we cannot be as confident as Hegel in their imminent achievement. In the second half I reconstruct Schelling’s and Adorno’s philosophies of history in light of their criticisms of Hegel. The core problem addressed is how unwarranted optimism – entailed by the idealistic operation in Hegel’s theoretical philosophy – is to be eschewed whilst also avoiding a lapse into unwarranted pessimism. I argue that, while both Schelling and Adorno make important advances in this direction, Adorno’s philosophy of history is better able to make sense of both the prevalence of unfreedom in history and the ways in which we can respond to this situation.

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Fitzgerald, Katherine Elizabeth. "An Outline of the Bibliographic History of Nangsa Ohbum." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1449232633.

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Tan, Kang John. "History of the history curriculum under colonialism and decolonisation : a comparison of Hong Kong and Macau /." [Hong Kong] : University of Hong Kong, 1993. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B13553847.

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Laurence, Raymond Malcolm. "The social structure of the Roman City in Italy (100 BC to AD 300) : the logic of space." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.316317.

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Spitz, David (David Ethan). "Contested codes : toward a social history of Napster." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/39188.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Comparative Media Studies, June 2001.
"June 2001."
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 77-83).
In the years since its inception, some interpretations of the software program known as "Napster" have been inscribed into laws, business plans, and purchasing decisions while others have been pushed to the fringes. This paper examines how and why certain assumptions about Napster gained consensus value whereas others did not. The analytical approach involves an examination of discourses about Napster in several arenas - legal, economic, social, and cultural - and is informed by a conceptualization of Napster as an ongoing encounter between, rather than the accomplishment of, inventor(s), institution(s), and interest(s). While acknowledging the importance of empirical examinations of Napster's impact on firms and markets, as well as the proscriptive advice which it supports, the focus here is on providing a contextualized understanding of the technology as an object whose meanings were contested and ultimately resolved, or at least stabilized, within, across, and through a broader systems of power and structured interests.
by David Spitz.
S.M.

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Driver, Daniel R. "Brevard Childs : the logic of scripture's textual authority." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/754.

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Brevard Childs argues for the inner logic of scripture’s textual authority as an historical reality that gives rise to the material condition by which the church apprehends and experiences God in Christ. The church’s use of (or by) scripture thus has a larger interiority: the shaped canon of scripture, Old and New Testaments, is a rule of faith which accrues authority in the church, through the vehicle of the sensus literalis. Childs’ work has been misplaced, however. Part one locates it internationally, attending to the way it has been read in English and German and ﬁnding that it has enjoyed a more patient reception in Europe than in Britain or North America. To illustrate, Childs’ definition of biblical theology is contrasted with that of James Barr. Their diﬀerences over gesamtbiblische theology involve opposite turns toward and away from Barthian dogma in biblical inquiry. Part two examines Childs on biblical reference, introducing why intertextuality is not midrashic but deictic—pointing to the res. This coincides with an understanding of the formation of biblical literature. Childs’ argument for canonical shaping is juxtaposed with Hermann Gunkel on tradition history, showing “ﬁnal form” to be a deliberate inversion of form critical principles. Childs’ interest in the Bible as religious literature is then set alongside his studious confrontation of Judaism, with implications for inter-religious dialogue. Barr and Childs are compared again in part three, which frames their respective senses of indirect and direct biblical reference in terms of allegory. Both see allegory at work in the modern world under certain rules (either biblical criticism or the regula ﬁdei). Their rules affect their articulations of trinitarian dogma. Finally, Psalm102 highlights divergences between modern and pre-modern interpreters. If scripture comprehends the present immediately, some postures of the church toward the synagogue may be excluded.

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Mueller, Laura Joy. "The Logic of American Exceptionalism: Petrus Ramus, the Puritans, and Contemporary American Politics." OpenSIUC, 2010. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/207.

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Petrus Ramus was one of the most influential philosophers of the 1500s. His attempted reform of pedagogy, which was exemplified in his dialectic and rhetoric, not only changed the way people generations after taught and thought, but also demonstrated the scholastic reforms occurring in his lifetime. Ramus' influence is evident through the amount of controversy it sparked, the amount of scholarship devoted to Ramus, and, most importantly, the spread of Ramism from Europe to New England, finding its home in the New England Puritans. Through the passing of time, Puritan notions have not entirely been subsumed and have recently reappeared in American political discourse. American Exceptionalism, traceable to the Puritans, has emerged in the words of conservative American politicians such as Ronald Reagan, George W. Bush, and Sarah Palin. Has American identity, imbued with Puritan ideas, also been infected with a subtle Ramism? A study of political and theological reactions to 9/11--a reflection of the Puritan "provoking evils" --and political speeches appealing to the fabled "city upon a hill" not only show the continuance of American Exceptionalism but also demonstrate Ramist logic at work. The identification of America as "exceptional," and the support of this idea as provided by the aforementioned reactions and speeches, exhibit a belief in the ontological relationship between signs and exceptionalism. By investigating Ramism, Ramist influence upon the Puritans, and the theology and logic of Jonathan Edwards, along with recent American political discourse, one can still see not only the Puritan traces in recent American identity, but also the Ramist roots twining through it all.

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Alsarhani, Sami. "Reasoning about history based access control policy using past time operators of interval temporal logic." Thesis, De Montfort University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2086/10406.

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Interval Temporal Logic (ITL) is a flexible notation for the propositional and first-order logical reasoning about periods of time that exist in specifications of hardware and software systems. ITL is different from other temporal logics since it can deal with both sequential and parallel composition and provides powerful and extensible specification and verification methods for reasoning about properties such as safety, time projection and liveness. Most imperative programming constructs can be seen as ITL formula that form the basis of an executable framework called Tempura that is used for the development and testing of ITL specifications.\\ ITL has only future operators, but the use of past operators make specifications referring to history more succinct; that is, there are classes of properties that can be expressed by means of much shorter formulas. What is more, statements are easier to express (simplicity) when past operators are included. Moreover, using past operators does not increase the complexity of interval temporal logic regarding the formula size and the simplicity. This thesis introduces past time of interval temporal logic where, instead of future time operators Chop, Chopstar, and Skip, we have past operators past Chop, past Chopstar and past Skip. The syntax and semantics of past time ITL are given together with its axiom and proof system. Furthermore, Security Analysis Toolkit for Agents (SANTA) operators such always-followed-by and the strong version of it has been given history based semantics using past time operators. In order to evaluate past time interval temporal logic, the problem of specification, verification of history based access control policies has been selected. This problem has already been solved using future time of interval temporal logic ITL but the drawback is that policy rules are not succinct and simple. However, the use of past time operators of ITL produces simple and succinct policy rules. The verification technique used to proof the safety property of history based access control policies is adapted for past time ITL to show that past time operators of interval temporal logic can specify and verify a security scenario such as history based access control policy.

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Tan, Easter. "Étude comparative de différentes structures de contrôleurs flous." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997INPL143N.

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Ce mémoire de thèse présente une étude comparative de différentes structures de contrôleurs flous ou plus exactement de contrôleurs à plusieurs modes. Dans une première étape, nous présentons quelques éléments de base de la logique floue en insistant sur les trois phases essentielles du fonctionnement d'un contrôleur flou : la fuzzification, le mécanisme de décision et la défuzzification. Par la suite, nous détaillons la structure analytique du contrôleur flou proposée par H. Ying et al. (1990). Nous traitons notamment de l'influence du choix de la méthode d'implication, de l'opérateur et du nombre de sous-ensembles flous pour chacune des entrées et pour la sortie du contrôleur flou. Tous les contrôleurs flous étudiés présentent des structures analytiques différentes selon la zone ou se trouvent l'erreur et la variation de l'erreur. Aussi, nous présentons une méthode de simplification qui conduit à une seule expression analytique fonction de l'erreur et de la variation de l'erreur. Enfin, dans la dernière partie, nous proposons une nouvelle structure analytique du contrôleur flou décrite par une unique équation dépendante de trois paramètres pour lesquels nous expliquons le réglage et montrons ses performances en régulation

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40

Bellhorn, Margaret Mary. "A Comparative Approach to Slave Life on Bermuda, 1780-1834." W&M ScholarWorks, 1992. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539625720.

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Haberl, Jan. "Salmon aquaculture in British Columbia a history and comparative analysis /." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ61563.pdf.

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Ratnayaka, R. M. H. Sujeeva. "Nationalism in Sri Lanka and Malaysia : comparative history and historiography /." Title page, contents and introduction only, 1994. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09AR/09arr234.pdf.

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Hall, Mark Edwin. "A comparative history of seven Southern Baptist colleges and universities /." Access abstract and link to full text, 1991. http://0-wwwlib.umi.com.library.utulsa.edu/dissertations/fullcit/9123420.

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44

Bennett, P. M. "Comparative studies of morphology life history and ecology among birds." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.379453.

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45

DellaMattera, Julie Natelle Mullen. "A Historical Comparative Analysis of Preschool Policy Frameworks." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2006. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/DellaMatteraJNM2006.pdf.

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46

Cohen, Robin John. "British energy crisis management : a comparative study in the 20th century." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.301572.

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47

Schrier, Karen L. "Revolutionizing history education : using augmented reality games to teach histories." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/39186.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Comparative Media Studies, 2005.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 154-162).
In an ever-changing present of multiple truths and reconfigured histories, people need to be critical thinkers. Research has suggested the potential for using augmented reality (AR) games- location-based games that use wireless handheld devices to provide virtual game information in a physical environment-as educational tools. I designed "Reliving the Revolution" as a model for using AR games to teach historic inquiry, decision-making, and critical thinking skills. "Reliving the Revolution" takes place in Lexington, MA, the site of the Battle of Lexington (American Revolution) and simulates the activities of a historian, such as evidence collection and interpretation. Participants interact with virtual historic figures and gather virtual testimonials and evidence on the Battle, each triggered by GPS to appear on the handheld devices depending on one's specific location on or around the Lexington Common. The participants collect differing evidence based on their historic role in the game (Minuteman soldier, loyalist, African American/Minuteman soldier, or British soldier) and then collaboratively evaluate who fired the first shot to start the Battle of Lexington.
(cont.) I envision "Reliving the Revolution" not as a standalone educational solution, but as an activity integrated into a broader history curriculum that teaches students how to approach and evaluate complex social problems. This thesis provides a detailed rationale for each of my design choices, as well as an assessment of each choice based on the results of iterative game testing. In my analysis of the game's design, I focus specifically on four game elements: (1) collaborative, (2) role-playing, (3) storytelling or narrative elements; and (4) kinesthetic and mobility. Results of trials of the game suggest that "Reliving the Revolution" and similar AR games can enhance the learning of: (1) historical name, places, and themes; (2) historical methodology and the limits to representations of the past; and (3) alternative perspectives and challenges to "master" historical interpretations. The game motivated participants to gather, evaluate, and interpret historical information, devise hypotheses and counter-arguments, and draw informed conclusions.
(cont.) My trials also suggested that AR games such as "Reliving the Revolution" can enhance learning because it can: 1. Create an authentic "practice field" for solving problems and using real-world contexts and tools. 2. Increase the potential for collaboration among participants, and enhance opportunities for reflection. 3. Enable participants to take on and express new identities through role-playing. 4. Encourage participants to explore more deeply a physical site and to consider interactions between the real and virtual worlds.
by Karen L. Schrier.
S.M.

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48

Teele, Langan Dawn. "The logic of women's enfranc|-isement| A comparative study of the United States, France, and the United Kingdom." Thesis, Yale University, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3663657.

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A broad-based franchise - that is, an inclusive policy for who elects leaders - is fundamental to the spirit of democracy in the twenty-first century. Yet the world's earliest democratic constitutions in Europe and the Americas either made no provision for women's participation, or explicitly prohibited it in their founding documents. Women were barred from the franchise even in those countries that went the furthest in guaranteeing men political equality, such as France and the United States. Things began to change in the 189os, when women around the world began to vote alongside men. What explains this sea-change in women's rights? Were women agents of their own political emancipation, or did politicians preemptively grant women voting rights in a bid for electoral success? Studying the political inclusion of women around the turn of the twentieth century, this dissertation argues that both electoral politics and the ordinary strategies of women's movements explain the extension of female suffrage.

The argument is simple. Politicians care about getting re-elected and so will only support reform if they think it serves that end. But even if politicians believe they can win the votes of the excluded group, they will not deviate from the status quo unless they anticipate losing future elections without female voters. Hence voting rights reform is more likely to occur in highly competitive political environments. In combining these insights, I construct an intuitive theory of the electoral conditions under which franchise extensions should be forthcoming, predicting that vulnerable political parties that foresee an electoral advantage will push for reform. Along with electoral vulnerability and the political preferences of the excluded group, organized political movements add a critical third dimension to this story. Political movements can intervene in the electoral arena, either by changing politician's beliefs about how the disfranchised will vote, or by changing the relative strength of competing political parties.

I substantiate this theory through a comparative historical study of women's suffrage reform in England, France and the United States. Drawing on multiple forms of evidence, including large-n statistical analyses, roll-call analysis, close reading of legislative debates, and primary research into the interactions between suffrage organizers and elected politicians, I show how male representatives were induced by party competition, preference convergence, and organized activism to restrict women's access to political decision-making or to grant women the right to vote.

Whereas most recent scholarship on franchise reform has avoided the subject of female voting rights, determining a priori that it is distinct from, and thus not comparable to, male enfranchisement, my research bridges this gap by highlighting the semi-democratic context in which most moments of voting rights reform have taken place. This re-formulation allows women to emerge as an interesting and relevant group for comparative analysis, and provides an analytical structure for future work to examine the enfranchisement of other groups in a semi-democratic context, including minority groups and segments of the non-ruling classes.

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Buckland, S. G. "Theology and the 'logic of practice' : a study with reference to Shona anthropology, history and religion." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.597057.

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Like all practices, anthropological knowledge is situated (in space and time), laborious (taking time and labour, carrying a risk of failure), and directed (oriented in a direction). This situation, labour and direction are specifiable in social and political space, in history. Chapters Two and Three of this dissertation reconstruct the fieldwork and scriptural practices which in recent decades have produced anthropological accounts of some groups of the Shona-speaking peoples of Zimbabwe. Being a practice (or a set of practices), anthropological knowledge can itself become the object of a 'science of practices'. Chapter Four argues that a 'reflexive anthropology', which insists on knowing the social, political, and historical conditions of its own possibility, is necessary to pass beyond 'subjectivism' and 'objectivism' to an 'adequate science of practices'. At the level of theory, such reflexive knowledge quickly opens to an unresolvable infinite regress. It is at the level of practice, and relative to its own (often unspoken) project, that reflexive empiricism is intelligible. Speaking knowingly of God, Christian theology too is a form of laborious practice, situated within specifiable communities and directed within specifiable projects. However, since its holds that its knowledge is both situated, laborious and directed and also 'revealed', it is to an ultimate moral authority that theology lays claim. To speak not just knowingly but also responsibly about God, therefore, theology strains towards reflexive awareness of the social and political conditions of the possibility of its own knowledge, towards opening all its accounts of God's project to a reflexive critique. Its intelligibility is that of a practical form of hope in a future which, with God, remains radically unknown.

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Moraes, Carlos Roberto de. "Uma história da lógica no Brasil /." Rio Claro : [s.n.], 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/102163.

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Orientador: Sergio Roberto Nobre
Banca: Rosa Lucia Sverzut Baroni
Banca: Maria Terezinha Jesus Gaspar
Banca: Antonio Sérgio Cobianchi
Banca: Marcos Vieira Teixeira
Resumo: Pretendemos mostrar o desenvolvimento da lógica matemática no Brasil focando principalmente nos sessenta anos iniciais do século XX apresentando obras e estudiosos que contribuíram para a consolidação e o desenvolvimento da lógica como um campo de pesquisa no Brasil. Abordaremos três obras que acreditamos serem relevantes na história da lógica no Brasil: As Ideas Fundamentaes da Matemática, de Manuel Amoroso Costa, publicada em 1929; Elementos de Lógica Matemática, de Vicente Ferreira da Silva, publicada em 1940 e O Sentido da Nova Lógica, de Willian Van Orman Quine, publicada em 1944. A lógica apresenta um salto qualitativo a partir do final dos anos 50, quando dois centros se destacam: um na Universidade de São Paulo (USP), em São Paulo, com o Prof. Edison Farah e outro na antiga Faculdade Nacional de Filosofia, no Rio de Janeiro. Neste trabalho, dedicaremos especial atenção aos pioneiros do grupo de São Paulo, que, no final da década de 50 reuniam-se sob a liderança do Prof. Edison Farah em um grupo de estudiosos de lógica e fundamentos da matemática do qual fizeram parte os professores Benedito Castrucci, Newton Carneiro Affonso da Costa, Mario Tourasse Teixeira e Leonidas Hegenberg que se reuniam em seminários no Departamento de Matemática da Universidade de São Paulo.
Abstract: We intend to present the development of mathematical logic in Brazil focusing mainly in the first six decades of the twenty century, presenting studies and researchers who contributed to consolidate and develop the logic as a field of research in Brazil. We will discuss about three books we believe that are more relevant in the History of Logic in Brazil: As Ideas Fundamentais da Matemática, by Manuel Amoroso Costa, published in 1929; Elementos de Lógica Matemática, by Vicente Ferreira da Silva, published in 1940; and O Sentido da Nova Lógica, by Willian Van Orman Quine, published in 1944. The logic presents a qualitative upgrade by the end of the fifties, when two centers obtain a great highlight: one at University of Sao Paulo (USP), in Sao Paulo city, with Professor Edison Farah and the other one at the former National Faculty of Philosophy, in Rio de Janeiro city. In the present study, we will pay special attention to the pioneers of the Sao Paulo group that, in the end of the fifty decade, upon the leadership of Professor Edison Farah, organized a group of researchers in logic and fundamentals of mathematics. Professors Benedito Castrucci, Newton Carneiro Affonso da Costa, Mario Tourasse Teixeira, and Leonidas Hegenberg took part of this group that used to have their meetings and seminars in the Department of Mathematics at University of Sao Paulo.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Comparative logic (history of)'

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