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1
Ozaki, Muneto. "Comparative morphology of Korean and Japanese." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.567818.
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Similarities between Korean and Japanese have attracted the attention of linguists for more than a century. Although much research has already been carried out by many scholars on lexical comparison between the two languages, there is a scarcity of systematic comparison of grammatical morphemes between them. This dissertation seeks to fill the gap. It identifies common Proto-Korean/Japanese origins of a number of nominal and aspectual formants, such as the nominal formant *-i-, perfective formant *-n-, and imperfective formant *-l-/-r-. It also ascertains the validity of Frellesvig's proposal about the Proto- Korean/Japanese common copula root *t. Moreover, relying on evidence showing pre-Middle Korean (MK) *s > h lenition, it identifies a common verb stem *sV-, whose reflexes are the MK lexical verb and derivational suffix 'ho- 'do', and the Old Japanese (01) lexical verb se- 'do' and derivational suffix -s-. The interrogative marker -ka is also identified as having common Proto- Korean/Japanese origin. A number of OJ loan-words from early Korean are also identified. They include the Kami Nidan (upper bigrade) stem-forming derivational suffix -bwi, which has its origin in the early Korean 'pwoy- 'make see, show'; the OJ adverb koto 'like' ~ semblative -goto 'similar' from the early Korean semblative - 'kot 'similar' and adjective root 'kot-tho)-; the OJ adjective infinitive-formant -ku and bound noun -ku 'place' from the early Korean noun 'kwot 'place, fact' and gerund-formant - 'kwo; OJ adjective formant -si- from early Korean existential verb isi- 'be, exist'; and the OJ honorific -s- from the early Korean honorific -si-, The OJ ablative particle ywo ~ yu has its origin in the Proto-Korean/Japanese copula root *t, which gave the OJ copula to ~ ni, but ywo ~ yu was later borrowed from the ancestor of MK adverbial particle 'lwo. On the other hand, the dissertation examines and rejects the cognation of several seemingly related pairs, such as the OJ perfective -te- and the MK retrospective //a-; the OJ derivational suffix -m- and the MK nominalizer -m; the OJ negative -(a)n- and the MK negative adverb a 'ni; and the OJ conjectural-(a)m- and the MK adverb "amattwo).
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Sartori, André Fernando. "Comparative morphology and phylogeny of anomalodesmatan bivalves." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2010. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/273157.
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Anomalodesmatans comprise a large, ancient and ecologically diverse group of marine bivalves, but are nonetheless inconspicuous in most extant shallow water communities. For various reasons, which include their present scarcity and a bewildering array of disparate morphologies, representatives of the group have always proved difficult to interpret, and their systematics lagged behind those of most other major bivalve taxa. Most of this dissertation reports the results of a comparative investigation on the shell morphology and anatomy of extant anomalodesmatans, which formed the basis for a reassessment of hypotheses of primary homology established by previous investigators and identification of novel characters for phylogenetic inference. Due to the chief role played by the hinge ligament in authoritative discussions of anomalodesmatan evolution, this organ was chosen as the focus of a more detailed treatment. Discontinuous ontogeny of fibrous ligament is shown to characterise several members of the group, with the implication that, in contrast to the prevailing model,not all anomalodesmatan adult ligaments may be considered homologous. Likewise, a system of multicellular glands concerned with sediment agglutination was studied with particular emphasis because it is both exclusive to and widespread within Anomalodesmata. Evidence of preserved glandular secretion is recorded for the first time in fossil material and the glands themselves found in extant laternulids and pholadomyids, thus considerably expanding their known taxonomic distribution. Finally, this volume also documents the largest cladistic analysis of extant anomalodesmatans performed to date, including morphological data compiled from both original observations and literature accounts. Among traditionally recognised superfamilies, Pholadomyoidea, Clavagelloidea and Septibranchia were found monophyletic. Taxa commonly referred to Pandoroidea and Thracioidea were recovered as part of two new clades, which are also supported by recent molecular studies. Interpreted in the light of the fossil record, reconstructed phylogenetic relationships favour the iterative evolution of shallow infaunal and epifaunal anomalodesmatans from deep-burrowing ancestors over previously advanced patterns for the history of the clade, namely ventral migration of the ligament and irreversible radiations into a deep infaunal life habit.
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Wu, Jiahua. "Landscape morphology : a comparative study of landscape aesthetics." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1992. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/1851/.
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This research is about landscape aesthetics. Aesthetics is not purely Platonic but a result of human communication with nature which relates to landscape experience and, in turn, reflects and guides the way people appreciate, paint and design. This is an issue of art philosophy and design methodology. To link theory with practice, the relationship between landscape - both painted and designed - and aesthetic thinking is the most important topic discussed throughout the writing. To achieve a relatively complete understanding of landscape aesthetics, the discussion develops with reference to the historical, cultural, philosophical and technical contexts of both the East and the West. Some key issues such as Romanticism of the English School and Tao in Chinese landscape have been chosen as the central objects of attention in the study. The manner of discussion, reason and analysis is one of comparison. Taking into account the roles of philosophy in art and environmental design, 'Landscape Morphology', a systematic study of the language system of landscape art, design and education, is of high value in the area of environmental development, which substantially links the theory with environmental art and design, and foreshadows the future of landscape aesthetic research.
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Potari, Despoina. "Power in political thought : a comparative conceptual morphology." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2017. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:383dc200-e915-4c80-bedb-b98cf16ed3db.
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The aim of this thesis is to resurrect interest in the concept of power in political theory by shedding light on some of its relatively unexplored discursive dimensions and developing a fresh approach to its understanding. Particularly, it studies an under-examined theme in the current literature, which, however, forms a crucial aspect determining different definitions of power: in what manner do different ways of thinking about power underpin variable conceptual formulations and theoretical interpretations of this key political concept? What types of cognitive, ideational and conceptual 'micro-processes' shape different ways of thinking about power in political thought? The thesis suggests novel interpretative possibilities that may be distilled from developing a hermeneutical approach extending across the dimensions of historical time and disciplinary space, by combining methodological insights from the fields of morphology, intellectual history and interdisciplinary study. To that end, it engages perspectives gleaned from historical treatments of power, as well as recent understandings of spatiality and force provided by scientific discourse. The concept of power is explored through the perspectives of (i) cultural historicity and (ii) interdisciplinarity. Along the axis of cultural historicity, the analysis studies Aristotle's classical concept of 'dunamis' as the original conceptual modality of power in political thought. Along the axis of interdisciplinarity, the examination explores the concept of force in the discourse of physics, and its parallel development in political thought. This dissertation shows that the exploration of those conceptual modalities can yield a new appreciation of certain diachronic and contingent conceptual features of power and enhance our understanding of the multifaceted discursive processes through which those form, including the underpinning 'micro-semantic', linguistic and ideational processes which contribute to the emergence of variable modes of thinking about power. In so doing, the thesis aims at illuminating our modern understanding of the concept, moving the scholarly discourse forward towards new horizons of meaning and interpretation.
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Pierce, Patricia Ann. "On merging morphology and syntax in Romance /." Full text (PDF) from UMI/Dissertation Abstracts International, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3004358.
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Siddiki, Asma Azam. "Developmental and behavioural studies in English and Arabic inflectional morphology." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.269485.
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Rose, Sharon. "Theoretical issues in comparative ethio-semitic phonology and morphology." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/NQ37017.pdf.
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Chantangsi, Chitchai. "Comparative morphology and molecular evolution of marine interstitial cercozoans." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/12007.
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The Cercozoa is an extremely diverse and poorly understood group of
amoeboflagellated microeukaryotes that are united mainly by molecular phylogenetic data; a
concrete synapomorphy at the morphological level has yet to be identified for the group. In
order to better understand the biodiversity and evolutionary history of this lineage, I explored
several marine benthic habitats in British Columbia, Canada and characterized novel
cercozoans with high-resolution light microscopy and electron microscopy. Comparative
ultrastructural studies using scanning and transmission electron microscopy on some of the
newly discovered taxa demonstrated several novel features, including putative primary
endosymbionts in one lineage (i.e., Auranticordis) and homologous patterns of muciferous
bodies beneath the cell surface in another lineage. I coupled these morphological data with
molecular phylogenetic analyses of small subunit (SSU) and large subunit (LSU) rDNA
sequences and comparative analyses of polyubiquitin genes. This approach provided
evidence that a concatenation of SSU and LSU rDNA sequences improves the phylogenetic
resolution within the Cercozoa and that an insertion of one or two amino acids at the
junctions between monomers in the polyubiquitin gene is a universal molecular signature for
cercozoans (and foraminiferans). This study also enabled me to discover and describe eleven
new species and five new genera, which underscores how poorly we currently understand the
diversity of these marine microeukaryotic predators. The acquired SSU rDNA sequences
from these novel lineages enabled me to provide the cellular identities of several
environmental DNA sequence clades previously containing only uncharacterized taxa; these
data also demonstrated the effectiveness of using a 600-bp fragment of the SSU rRNA gene
for delimiting cercozoan species with limited morphological variation.
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Rose, Sharon 1965. "Theoretical issues in comparative Ethio-Semitic phonology and morphology." Thesis, McGill University, 1997. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=34531.
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This thesis explores three fundamental issues in the phonology and morphology of Ethiopian Semitic languages: mobile morphology, reduplication and epenthesis. In each chapter I draw on comparative evidence from different Ethiopian Semitic languages, an approach which provides greater insight into how the languages vary with respect to these three issues, and how the issues themselves are best analyzed.The first issue is that of 'mobile morphology' a term I coin to describe the ability of a particular morphological category to be realized on various segments within a stem. The two major types in the South Ethio-Semitic languages are palatalization and labialization. I develop an analysis of palatalization in five different languages which relies on a hierarchy of preferred targets, along with a number of constraints regulating the appearance of palatalization within the stem.
Ethio-Semitic languages have several different types of reduplication. I draw a distinction between phonological and morphological reduplication and argue that phonological reduplication should be viewed as copying rather long-distance geminate structures created by spreading. I also examine the interaction of reduplication with mobile morphology and I present an analysis of double reduplication, showing how languages will avoid the creation of double reduplication relationships.
I develop an analysis of epenthesis which contrasts the behaviour of one set of languages which epenthesize following final consonant clusters with other languages which epenthesize between consonant clusters. I show that while all Ethio-Semitic languages follow the same general pattern, this may be overridden by templatic constraints and more importantly, by sonority considerations holding of adjacent syllables in coda-onset sequences. This last observation is important because it shows that while languages may on the whole violate heterosyllabic contact constraints, in particular circumstances, the constraints will be obeyed, giving rise to an emergence of the unmarked scenario.
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Holloway, Waymon L. "Comparative Cranial Ecomorphology and Functional Morphology of SemiaquaticFaunivorous Crurotarsans." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1542230980102513.
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Hutchins, J. B. "The comparative morphology and phylogeny of the Monacanthid fishes." Thesis, Hutchins, J B (1988) The comparative morphology and phylogeny of the Monacanthid fishes. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 1988. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/52059/.
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The family Monacanthidae was investigated firstly, to determine the number of valid species and their correct nomenclature, and secondly, to discover the relationships within the family as evidenced by its comparative morphology, in particular its osteology.
A total of 97 species of monacanthid fishes are considered valid, the list of nominal species numbering 255 (a brief taxonomic resume is provided). The morphology of each species is described, concentrating on those characters considered to have potential as indicators of evolutionary change [these were selected on the basis of three previous studies (Fraser-Brunner, 1941; Matsuura 1979; and Tyler, 1980), in addition to many new features reported here for the first time]. Numerous illustrations of the distinguishing features are included.
An analysis of the phylogenetic relationships is presented, following the cladistic approach of Hennig. At the generic level, 30 assemblages in three distinct lineages are recognised, a finding based on the derived states of the following characters: first dorsal, second dorsal, anal, and caudal fins, basal pterygiophores of the first and second dorsal fins, cranium, vertebral column, pelvis and associated structures, scalation, lateral line sensory system teeth, branchiostegals, and sexual dimorphism. However, the monophyly of each of these assemblages is not proven in all cases. Furthermore the relationships of the genera in each of the first two lineages are only partly resolved, whereas those of the third are fully resolved. Three species could not be placed in any of the known genera and each has been treated as representing an undescribed monotypic genus. The intrageneric relationships proved difficult to resolve in numerous instances due to the lack of identifiable synapomorphies.
A discussion is presented on the above relationships and includes a comparison with previous hypothesised phylogenies.
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Abdullah, Nur Ashikin Psyquay. "Comparative molecular and morphology studies in Malaysian Garcinia L. (Clusiaceae)." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.505771.
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The Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) is an economically important fruit in Malaysia but the species and most Malaysian members of the genus are understudied. Full morphological descriptions of most of the species are still not complete. The genus possesses an apomictic mode of reproduction which is an important factor in plant breeding and seed production in agriculture. The aim of the present study is to observe polyembryony in G, mangostana, to classify the Malaysian Garcinia into sections, to look at the genetic variation and relate it to apomixis, and finally to identify the parents of G. mangostana.
13
Gibbs, Sally. "Comparative soft tissue morphology of the extant Hominoidea, including man." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.365281.
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Bennett, P. M. "Comparative studies of morphology life history and ecology among birds." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.379453.
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Day, Julia Jane. "Comparative morphology and evolutionary relationships of the Sparidae (Teleostei: Percoidei)." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.326234.
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Yang, Emma Yunyi. "COMPARATIVE STUDY ON DROSOPHILA LARVAL LOCOMOTION AND NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTION MORPHOLOGY." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1364945662.
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Wolff, Jonas Otto [Verfasser]. "Comparative functional morphology of attachment devices in Arachnida / Jonas Otto Wolff." Kiel : Universitätsbibliothek Kiel, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1075492661/34.
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Condon, James M. "Aspects of comparative vegetative morphology as an aid to Actinidia taxonomy." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Plant and Microbial Sciences, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/5882.
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This study explores the practical value of comparative morphology as an aid to Actinidia taxonomy, using vegetative characters derived from spring and summer shoots of 20-30 taxa, selected from the “NZ D.S.I.R. Actinidia germplasm collection” at Auckland and Te Puke during 1988-1989. Data are collected from field-based observations and from samples processed for light and electron microscopy; these are supplemented with observations derived from herbarium specimens collected in China. The taxonomic potential of characters is further tested using multivariate and other statistical methods.
Actinidia are morphologically variable vines which, nevertheless, express genetically-determined form in: their manner of climbing, the types and growth characteristics of shoots and in the ontogenetic expression of shoot form. There is however a strong “opportunistic component” in the realisation of plant form. Some more conservative characters include leaf venation pattern, trichome morphology, arrangement of sclerenchyma fibres and the complement of ergastic crystals associated with vascular bundles of the leaf. Microscopic examination of abaxial foliar trichomes, currently used to demarcate sections of the genus, reveal branched hair types in Maculatae and Strigosae, which are supposed to be absent (Dunn 1911, Liang 1984) from these sections of the genus. Re-examination of these groups and the characters delimiting them is recommended.
Comparative morphological studies of Actinidia in the germplasm collection show that many of the characters of winter-dormant shoots are genotypic in nature. Vines of Leiocarpae and Stellatae may be identified below the species level by their bud-form characteristics. Discriminant analysis shows the value of bud height and ostiole size in separating major taxonomic and geographic groups. Detailed analysis of bud characters is justified as poor or uneven budbreak currently limits the productivity of commercial cultivars.
Taxonomists need to be more aware of the spatial and temporal potential afforded by vegetative morphological characters in this genus.
The discovery of “water-excreting glands” (= hydathodes) in all Actinidia seen, culminating in a combination of “water spending” characters in A. deliciosa, has important implications for water-relations in these plants. Hydathodes in A. deliciosa are well supplied by craspedodromous venation and the ultimate tracheids terminate in a spatially diffuse but metabolically active environment, in the apices of these glands. The fate and functioning of hydathodes in Actillidia needs further research.
The results from this exploratory study are intended to contribute to the programme of genetic and taxonomic studies of Actinidia; currently being undertaken by D.S.I.R. Fruit and Trees, Auckland.
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Wolff, Jonas [Verfasser]. "Comparative functional morphology of attachment devices in Arachnida / Jonas Otto Wolff." Kiel : Universitätsbibliothek Kiel, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:8-diss-174379.
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Shaw, Shane William. "Comparative Morphology of the Glossopodia of Three North American Isoetes Ligules." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1099083922.
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Takano, Tomo. "Comparative and functional morphology of the forelimb skeleton of Nacholapithecus kerioi." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/149117.
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Kavanagh, Kathryn D. "Comparative Ecology, Morphology, and Population Genetics of Black Triggerfish, Melichthys niger." W&M ScholarWorks, 1991. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539617624.
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Thompson, Catherine Anderson. "Development of morphological forms in four-year-old children." PDXScholar, 1989. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/3917.
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The purpose of this study was to investigate morphological development in 4-year-old children. Two tests were utilized and compared to see if there was a significant difference between the expression of meaningful and nonmeaningful words. The first test, a modified version of the Test for Examining Expressive Morphology (TEEM), used meaningful words to assess allomorphic variations of six bound morphemes. The second test, a modified version of Berko's Test of English Morphology (BTEM), assessed the same allomorphic variations, but it used nonmeaningful words.
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Stephan, Taylorlyn. "What's In A Neanderthal: A Comparative Analysis." Oberlin College Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=oberlin159282580067034.
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Moyer, Robert Walter. "Comparative morphological and biochemical study of the pineal complex in geckos /." Title page, abstract and contents only, 1998. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phm938.pdf.
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Rouse, Garrie Davis. "Comparative analysis of ovary development in selected members of the subtribe Abutilinae (Malvaceae)." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/101464.
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The gynoecia of all three species considered in this study originate not as individual carpel primordia but rather as a continuous ring. Processes of continued radial expansion and differential zonal growth give rise to the mature body of the gynoecium with no observable fusion taking place. Later manifestations of distinctness and separation of carpels represent secondarily acquired traits. Consequently, the mature gynoecia of the Malvaceae cannot be reliably used to infer early developmental events.
The physical environment in which carpels originate is proposed to play a role in determining carpel number. Carpel size at inception does not vary considerably among the different species surveyed here. Ring size, however, does and this presumably dictates carpel number by the upward limit of what its circumference can ultimately accommodate.
The uniovulate condition appears to be derived from the pluriovulate one through several interrelated developmental events. On the basis of acropetal initiation of ovules in Abutilon species and the precocious development of style primordia in Malacothamnus fasciculatus, a mechanism for the origin of the uniovulate carpel is proposed. Here, early style growth may limit zonal growth of the gynoecial base so that the acropetal series of ovule initiations is disrupted, leaving only a single basal one.
The study of gynoecial development in this group has been hindered by certain problems of interpretation (e.g., Duchartre, 1845; Klotz, 1975; present account). These include difficulties in conceptualization of developmental processes and their reconciliation with preconceived views of the evolutionary origin of gynoecia. Consideration of relative size among successive stages is crucial, since the affect of radial growth is otherwise easily overlooked.
Despite the differences of their mature gynoecia, the three species studied were determined to be strikingly similar in development, thereby supporting the close affinities attributed to them. In the final analysis, however, conclusive statements regarding the systematic implications of the ontogenetic patterns observed would be premature. Too few taxa have been studied and those that have should be reassessed in light of the developmental phenomena presented here.M.S.
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Sun, Xiaowei. "Comparative Analysis of Urban Morphology: Evaluating Space Syntax and Traditional Morphological Methods." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för Industriell utveckling, IT och Samhällsbyggnad, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-15492.
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This thesis examines the urban morphology of fifty cities using spatial syntax analysis. The analysis compares the urban street networks of European, USA, Islamic and East Asian cities. Street connectivity was the main metric and natural roads were the basis for the analysis. The aim of the study was to analyze determine how sensitive space syntax methods are for uncovering the hierarchical patterns of urban street networks and examining their scale-free and small-world properties. Street data was collected from OpenStreetMap. ArcGIS 10 with the Axwoman extension was used to study the hierarchical levels of street networks. Matlab provided the platform to examine the scale-free property of street data. Pajek software was used to measure the small-world behavior. Based on the hierarchical representation, the fifty sample cities were classified into different groups and their scale-free and small-world properties were studied. From a traditionally morphological perspective, it was found that some cities in Europe have a close-knit cellular and organic urban morphology. Cities in the USA exhibit gridiron patterns on the whole. Some Islamic cities have special urban structure with houses grouped around the cul-de-sac lanes. Several of the East Asian cities studied also have grid forms. According to the space syntax analysis, urban street networks that have a connectivity value greater than the average value were less than 40%. The results showed that for most cities, the street connectivity distribution follows a power-law distribution and exhibits scale-free properties. Urban street networks of all sample cities were found to have a small-world property. Space syntax cannot detect all of the morphological patterns recognized in traditional morphological studies. The method can, however, efficiently quantify the spatial configuration of a large sample. Space syntax’s topological and scaling metrics thus provide a way to compare urban street networks. These metrics can thus help classify cities according to their street patterns but also contribute to an understanding of human behavior within and thus the design of urban spaces. For example, an urban street network with a small-world property could have high efficiency for traffic flows at local and global levels and should be considered in further study.
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Marshall, Sarah K. "Comparative Morphology of the Forelimb Digging Apparatus in Armadillos (Xenarthra: Cingulata, Dasypodidae)." Youngstown State University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ysu1534870518413352.
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Kehayia, Evanthia. "Morphological deficits in agrammatic aphasia : a comparative linguistic study." Thesis, McGill University, 1990. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=39226.
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In this thesis, a comparative linguistic investigation of morphological deficits in two English-speaking and two Greek-speaking agrammatic aphasic patients is presented. Adopting the Strong Lexicalist Hypothesis, the study focuses on the subjects' ability to repeat, comprehend and produce nominal and verbal inflections. The hypotheses investigated concern the effects of language-specific features in agrammatic performance and the role of morphological principles in the two languages. Finally the implications of the data for linguistic theory are investigated.The data show that language-specific features are crucial in determining aphasic performance. Principles of well-formedness of lexical items appear to remain unaffected. Morphological deficits are found to manifest themselves at different levels: the lexical and the postlexical. A Storage Hypothesis which reflects the word structure of complex lexical items in the brain is proposed. Finally, it is proposed that only through a Strong Lexicalist framework can one achieve uniform interpretations of morphological deficits in aphasia.
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Weir, Alexander. "Comparative biological and taxonomic studies of tropical and temperate Laboulbeniales (fungi; Ascomycota)." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.320823.
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Felice, Ryan N. "Evolution and Integration of Avian Caudal Skeletal Morphology." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1427117367.
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McBrayer, Lance D. "Comparative Studies in the Functional Morphology of Lizard Feeding: Kinematics, Behavior, and Biomechanics." Ohio : Ohio University, 2002. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1037131997.
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Chowdhury, Sabrina, and Added Kina. "A comparative study on the unsupervised classification of rat neurons by their morphology." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-279976.
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An ongoing problem regarding the automatic classification of neurons by their morphology is the lack of consensus between experts on neuron types. Unsupervised clustering using persistent homology as a descriptor for the morphology of neurons helps tackle the problem of bias in feature selection and has the potential of aiding neuroscience research in developing a framework for automatic neuron classification. This thesis investigates how two different unsupervised machine learning algorithms would cluster persistence images of already labeled neurons and how similar their clusterings would be. The results showed that the clusterings done by both methods were highly similar and that there was a large variation within the neuronal types defined by experts.Ett pågående problem gällande den automatiska klassificeringen av neuroner med avseende på morfologi är bristen på konsensus bland experter vad gäller neurontyper. Oövervakad klusteranalys med persistent homologi som en deskriptor för neuroners morfologi hjälper lösa problemet med partiskhet inom egenskapsurval och kan potentiellt gynna neurovetenskapen i utvecklingen av ett ramverk för automatisk klassificering av neuroner. Denna uppsats hade som mål att undersöka hur två olika oövervakade maskininlärningsalgoritmer klassificerar persistensbilder av tidigare klassificerade neuroner samt graden av överensstämmelse mellan de två metoderna. Studiens resultat visade att båda metoders resultat hade en hög grad av överensstämmelse och visade även på en stor variation inom de klasser av neuroner som redan definierats av experter.
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Chapa, Garza Jose L. "A Comparative Study of the Morphology of Flow and Spin Coated P3HT:PCBM Films." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1374520548.
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Hobson, Carol Bonnin. "Morphological development in the interlanguage of English learners of Xhosa." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002630.
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This study investigates the development of morphology in the interlanguage of English learners of Xhosa. A quasi-longitudinal research design is used to trace development in the oral interlanguage of six learners of Xhosa for a period of eight months. The elicitation tasks employed range from fairly unstructured conversation tasks to highly structured sentence-manipulation tasks. The learners have varying levels of competence at the beginning of the study and they are exposed to input mainly in formal contexts of learning. One of the aims of the study is to investigate whether the features of interlanguage identified in other studies appear in the learner language in this study. Most other studies discussed in the literature have investigated the features of the interlanguage produced by learners of analytic and inflectional languages. However, this study analyses the interlanguage of learners of an agglutinative language. Studies of other languages have concluded that learners do not use inflectional or agreement morphology at early stages of development and this conclusion is tested for learners of an agglutinative language in this study. Since agreement and inflectional morphology play a central role in conveying meaning in Xhosa, it is found that learners use morphology from the beginning of the learning process. Although forms may be used incorrectly and the functions of forms may be restricted, morphemes appear in the interlanguage of learners of this study earlier than other studies predict. One of the characteristics of early interlanguage and an early form of learner language called the Basic Variety (Klein & Perdue 1997) is the lack of morphology, but this feature proves to be inadequate as a measure of early development in the interlanguage of learners of a language such as Xhosa. This study concludes, therefore, that the presence of morphology in the interlanguage of learners of Xhosa cannot be an indicator of advanced language development.
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Nishida, Chiyo. "Interplay between morphology and syntax: A lexical analysis of inflection and cliticization in Spanish." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184304.
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The purpose of this study is to propose a lexical analysis of inflection and cliticization in Spanish within the framework of Categorial Grammar, and to show how morphology and syntax interplay with one another in this language. I postulate that inflectional suffixes and clitics are syntactic expressions in their own right; inflectional suffixes are the instantiation of the grammatical relation, subject, whereas certain clitics, i.e. DAT and ACC clitics, are of the object. In this regard, inflection and cliticization can be conceived as functions from one set of syntactic expressions into another. I assume that inflectional suffixes and clitics are stored in the lexicon assigned to categories which specify their syntactic (and semantic) properties. These elements are combined to form complex expressions by two kinds of operations: (1) Function/argument application, and (2) Functional Composition. Three lexical rules are proposed in order to account for the distribution of the morphological properties at issue: (1) Inflection, (2) Cliticization, and (3) Complex Verb Formation. These rules make an explicit statement of what syntactic processes take place as morphologically complex expressions are formed. One consequence of my analysis is the redefinition of nominals commonly referred to as "subject NP" and "object NP" (doubled by a clitic) as elements which mark a referential contrast. This way, the formal variation as to the presence or absence of these nominals in Spanish sentences has a coherent explanation. Two rules of nominal adjunction are proposed in order to account for "clitic doubling" and "subject doubling". These two rules apply under certain conditions. With a lexical treatment of inflection and cliticization proposed, all the word formation processes in the Spanish language are now relegated to one single component, the lexicon. Morphology in Spanish, thus, has a clearly delineated domain of its own as an integral part of the lexicon. Furthermore, inflection and cliticization are morphological processes which, at the same time, construct syntactically complex expressions. This direct interplay between morphology and syntax is what uniquely characterizes the so-called "pro-drop" languages, of which Spanish is one, and distinguishes them from the "non-pro-drop" languages.
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Walsh, Linda. "The nature of morphological representations /." Thesis, McGill University, 1985. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=73987.
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Diessel, Holger. "Demonstratives form, function, and grammaticalization /." Amsterdam ; Philadelphia : J. Benjamins, 1999. http://site.ebrary.com/id/5000150.
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Revision of dissertation (Ph.D)--State University of New York, Buffalo - "Demonstratives in cross-linguistic and diachronic perspective".Includes index. Includes bibliographical references at the end of each section.
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Bachelier, Julien B. "Comparative study of the floral morphology and anatomy in Anacardiaceae, Burseraceae, and Kirkiaceae (Sapindales) /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2009. http://opac.nebis.ch/cgi-bin/showAbstract.pl?sys=000286585.
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Gluesenkamp, Andrew Gallagher. "Developmental mode and adult morphology in bufonid frogs : a comparative analysis of correlated traits /." Full text (PDF) from UMI/Dissertation Abstracts International, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3008336.
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Mukherjee, N., S. Jana, H. Chakraborty, A. Mondal, and A. Sinha. "Shape and Size Controlled Deposition of ZnO Thin Films: Comparative Sensitivity towards Methane Gas." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2012. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/34999.
Full textAbstract:
The effect of different solutes and solvents on the morphology of Galvanically deposited ZnO thin films
is reported here. Hexagonal grains with c – axis orientation were obtained from aqueous Zn(NO3)2 bath
(System A), whereas, the aqueous ZnSO4 bath (System B) yielded cages of ZnO flakes on the xy plane.
Almost spherical grains with smaller sizes were obtained from the DMF bath of Zn(NO3)2 (System C). The
highest average roughness (Ra) was shown by the flake like morphology (107.11 nm) and the lowest by the
spherical one (16.82 nm). The value of Ra was 21.5 nm for System A. Surface roughness is responsible for
adsorbing the test gas, one of the most important factors influencing the sensitivity. Same thing is
reflected here by the deposited films for methane sensing. At 300 C, System B showed maximum efficiency
(89 %) and the minimum was 69 %, as shown by System C. On the other hand, System A showed an inbetween
value of efficiency of about 75 %. The response time at 300 C was also lowest for System B,
whereas, System A & C showed similar values.
When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/34999
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Oh, Il-Chan. "Comparative Seed Morphology and Phylogenetics : Case Studies in Basal Angiosperms (ANITA) and Asterids (Lysimachia, Ericales)." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Systematisk biologi, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-100372.
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The first half of the thesis deals with the seed morphology of members of the ANITA grade at the base of the angiosperm phylogeny (Amborella, Nymphaeales, Illiciales, Trimeniaceae, and Austrobaileyaceae), especially Illiciaceae and Schisandraceae. Seed characters support a major division between the New World and Old World species of Illicium. Fossil seeds previously assigned to Illiciaceae were re-evaluated. In Schisandraceae, seed and leaf epidermal characters were added to a previously published morphological data matrix. Phylogenetic analysis using the extended data matrix shows that Kadsura and Schisandra appear to be supported as monophyletic sister taxa by a number of synapomorphies in reproductive and vegetative characters. Fossil seeds from the Eocene of North America show some similarities to the modern Schisandra glabra from North America, whereas fossils from Europe are more similar to modern Asian species. In the second half of the thesis, seed morphology of Lysimachia and closely related taxa (Anagallis, Ardisiandra, Asterolinon, Glaux, Pelletiera, Trientalis) was investigated. The phylogenetic relationships among the endemic Hawaiian species of Lysimachia was also studied, using nuclear ribosomal DNA (ETS, ITS) and chloroplast DNA (rpl16, rpl20-rps12, rps16, trnH-psbA, trnS-G) sequence data. The seeds in Lysimachia and related taxa vary in, e.g., shape, seed coat structure and surface patterns. Seed surface patterns are mostly congruent with molecular phylogenetic relationships. A reticulate surface pattern is diagnostic for, e.g., the subgenus Palladia and the Hawaiian endemic subgenus Lysimachiopsis. Mapping seed characters onto a recent molecular-based phylogenetic tree, reveals that they provide potentially synapomorphic character states for various subclades of Lysimachia. The phylogenetic analysis based on the combined data set using nuclear ribosomal DNA and chloroplast DNA data provides new insights into the relationships within the Hawaiian subgenus Lysimachiopsis. Here our results indicate that earlier taxonomic treatments of the group need to be partially revised.
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Petrov, Anatoly. "Comparative Morphology of the Reproductive System in Acoels (Acoela, Acoelomorpha) and its Implications for Taxonomy." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2005. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/PetrovA2005.pdf.
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Petr, Daniel. "Comparative Morphology of Sensilla Styloconica on the Proboscis of North American Nymphalidae and Other Selected Taxa: Systematic and Ecological Considerations." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2001. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc3002/.
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Sensilla styloconica on the proboscis of 107 species of North American and tropical butterflies were comparatively studied using the scanning electron microscope. Focus was on 76 species of North American Nymphalidae representing 45 genera and 11 subfamilies. Nomenclature for generalized and specific types of nymphalid sensilla is proposed. Written descriptions and micrographs are presented for each species studied. Morphological features were generally consistent for all or most species within genera and sometimes within subfamilies, with specified exceptions. Statistical analysis revealed significant differences for six of eight variables tested between two distinct feeding guilds of North American Nymphalidae. Average number, density, extent of proboscis coverage with sensilla, their total length, and shoulder spine length were all significantly greater in the non-nectar feeding guild than in nectar feeders, and may indicate adaptation for greater efficiency in feeding on flat surfaces. The greater frequency of apical shoulder spines in non-nectar feeders may represent adaptation for protection of sensory pegs from mechanical abrasion during feeding, or for anchoring the flexible proboscis tip to the surface. Correlation analysis revealed 9 out of 28 positive correlations in nectar feeders and 5 out of 28 in non-nectar feeders. Results of preliminary cladistic analysis were not considered to be meaningfully robust due to few available characters. The stylar characters identified in this study should be more useful in future analyses when included with characters from other lines of evidence. The presence of sensilla styloconica in all subfamilies of Nymphalidae, except Danainae, largely supports Ehrlich's (1958) higher classification concept for the family. The presence of less conspicuous sensilla in the Danainae, and other characteristics are presented as further evidence that they should be reconsidered for full family status. Sensilla styloconica in nymphalid butterflies appear to function as extensions that provide greater sensory reach during feeding. The role of these sensilla in liquid uptake, pollen feeding, and host plant selection is discussed.
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Rakotoalison, Fanjanirina Sylvie. "La réduplication en malgache dans la perspective d'une morphologie comparative des langues de la famille austronésienne." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCF042.
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Cette thèse a trois principaux objets : la description morphologique des mots rédupliqués pour en déduire les différents types de réduplication en malgache, la détermination des différentes fonctions de la réduplication et l'étude des valeurs sémantiques dénotées par la réduplication. Les données puisées dans plusieurs dictionnaires et lexiques malgaches disponibles affirment la productivité et la profusion de ce processus. Ce travail de recherche se propose donc de montrer la place de réduplication dans le lexique malgache, en se basant sur l'analyse morphologique et sémantique. Il met en œuvre deux bases théoriques, à savoir la réduplication typologique (Blust 1998, 2001 et Zeitoun : 1998, 2006) et la réduplication fonctionnant comme affixes (Marantz :1982) et McCarthy et Prince (1999). L'étude est basée sur des relations, des fonctions et des associations, d'où le recours à la morphologie structurale, fonctionnelle et associative en adoptant le rapport d'opposition selon Rajaona (1977, 2004) et le cercle linguistique de Prague et aussi la morphologie associative de Danielle Corbin (1988, 1991, 2004). Les éléments du corpus sont extraits des ouvrages écrits, mais également de documents sonores existants ou que nous avons nous-mêmes collectés. La thèse est divisée en trois parties organisées en sept chapitres. Comme résultats, l'étude du corpusa permis d'identifier au moins neufs types de réduplication, cinq fonctions et vingt-cinq valeurs de la réduplication dans la langue malgache. Dans la conclusion, nous avons aussi évoqué les limites, les applications et les perspectivesThis thesis has three main objects: the morphological description of reduplicated words with a view to deducing the various types of reduplication in Malagasy, determination of the different functions of reduplication and the study of the semantic values provided by the reduplication. The data collected from a number of Malagasy dictionaries and lexicons that are availables how case the productivity and profusion of the process. This research work thus aims to show reduplication’s place in the Malagasy lexicon, based on morphological and semantic analysis. This work is based on two theoretical views: typological reduplication (Blust: 1998, 2001 and Zeitoun: 1998, 2006) and on the other hand partial reduplication which functions as affix (Marantz: 1982) and McCarthy and Prince (1999). This study is based on relations, functions and associations, thus appealing to structural, functional and associative morphology by adopting opposition relationship (according to Rajaona: 1977, 2004 and the linguistic circle of Prague) and Danielle Corbin’s associative morphology (1987, 1991, 2004). Items of the data have been extracted from written work ssuch as dictionaries as well as existing sound materials or materials we have collected ourselves. This thesis is divided into three parts which comprise seven chapters. As results, the morphological and semantic study of the data identified at least nine types of reduplication, five functions and twenty-five values of reduplication in the Malagasy language. In the conclusion, we also discussed limits, applications and perspectives
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Bagemihl, Bruce. "Alternate phonologies and morphologies." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/28617.
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This thesis investigates two types of alternate languages: LUDLINGS (also known as language games, speech disguises, etc.), which involve primarily nonconcatenative morphological manipulation of their source languages, and SURROGATE LANGUAGES, which substitute alternative sound-producing mechanisms (whistling or a musical instrument) for the larynx.
Chapter 2 explores the autonomy of surrogate systems in relation to both their own modalities and their source language phonologies. After presenting a formal analysis of Akan drum speech, I develop a complete model of the surrogate component. I argue that many properties which distinguish whistle surrogates from instrumental surrogates can only be attributed to the modular organization of this component. The last part of the chapter provides an inventory of the types of processes present in each module of the surrogate component.
Chapter 3 presents theoretical treatments of representatives of each of the three major categories of ludlings (templatic, infixing, and reversing), beginning with the katajjait (throat games) of the Canadian Inuit. Although customarily regarded as a form of music, the katajjait are actually a well-developed form of templatic ludling. The implications of an infixing ludling in Tigrinya for tiered and planar geometry are then investigated. The chapter concludes with a detailed analysis of reversing ludlings, based on a parametrized version of the Crossing Constraint.
In Chapter 4 I develop an integrated model of alternate linguistic systems, starting with an investigation of where in the grammar the ludling component is located. Drawing on data from more than fifty languages, I propose that there are three conversion modules in this component, each taking a well-defined level of representation as its input. In the last portion of the chapter I explore the possibility that one or more of these modules overlaps with the last module of the surrogate component. I conclude that the similarities exhibited by ludlings and surrogates are not due to a shared conversion module, but rather reflect the interaction of three factors: 1) the salience of certain levels of representation within the grammar; 2) general properties of the domains in which conversion takes place; and 3) membership in a common alternate linguistic component.Arts, Faculty of
Linguistics, Department of
Graduate
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Nekhumbe, Mudivhani Gilbert. "Nominal inflectional categories of Tshivenda." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52961.
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Thesis (DLitt)--Stellenbosch University, 2002.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study explores the four nominal inflectional categories which are identified in morphology, i.e. case, noun class, agreement and number in Tshiven~a. This study also examines Determiner Phrase, enclitics and definiteness with regard to Tshivenc1a noun phrases. Chapter one is the introduction of this study. It states the aim of the study which is, firstly, to establish whether case, noun class, agreement and number occur in Tshivencla, and secondly, to examine the form, syntactic distribution and semantics of these categories in Tshiven~a. This chapter also gives the morphological assumptions of the model of lexememorpheme base morphology by Beard (1995) and Aronoff (1994). The theory of lexical semantics of Pustejovsky (1996) and the Minimalist program of Chomsky (1995) are also discussed. Chapter two examines the Determiner Phrase in Tshiven~a. It concentrates on the structure of the OP in Tshivenda. Attention has been 41\ given to the functional categories within the OP such as DET and Agr as well as the various nominal modifiers within the OP. Chapter three explores Case in Tshiven~a. In Tshiven9_a there are seven cases, i.e. nominative, accusative, instrumental, locative, genitive, dative and vocative. This chapter concentrates on the assignment of these cases and their grammatical functions. Chapter four explores the noun class in Tshivenda. It examines the form 1\ and the contribution of the meaning of the noun class prefixes. The morphological structure of the Tshivenda noun is taken as the framework 1\ for this analysis. It has been found that Tshivend,a.. has seventeen noun classes which are still active in this language. These noun class prefixes have 24 different semantic features which contribute to the meaning of the noun. Chapter five discusses agreement and number in Tshivenda. In the case A. of agreement it has been found that it is both dependent and independent of noun class. Subjectival and objectival agreement appear as two functional categories within the inflection phrase. Specific attention has also been given to existential agreement, sentential pronouns, the infinitive as well as problems with agreement with coordinated NPs. Certain cases have also been highlighted where no agreement appears. Lastly, it has been shown that number is not an inflectional category in Tshivenda, but it A is a semantic category. Chapter six is concemed with definiteness in the interpretation of the noun in Tshivenda. In the first place, it has been shown in which cases a noun 1\ phrase may be interpreted as definite or indefinite. Secondly, the contribution of the nominal modifiers with regard to the definiteness of the noun phrase has been investigated. Lastly, it has been shown that proper names have to be interpreted as definite. Chapter seven investigated the three enclitics in Tshivenda, i.e. de, shu '" A and vho. Their meaning and distribution have been explored with regard to their presence on nouns, nominal modifiers and verbs. The distribution of these three enclitics is dependent on their meaning. The enclitic de which A refers to quantifiers may not appear on verbs. Enclitics which are interrogative in nature such as d,..e and shu may not appear with interrogative nominal modifiers.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie ondersoek die vier nominale infleksie kategorieë wat in die morfologie geïdentifiseer is nl. naamval, naamwoordklas, klasooreenstemming en getal in Tshivenqa. Hierdie studie gee ook aandag aan Bepalersfrase, enklitieke en bepaaldheid m.b.t. die Tshiven2a naamwoordgroepe. Hoofstuk een is die inleiding tot die studie. Dit gee die doelstellings van die studie: eerstens moet vasgestel word of naamval, naamwoordklas, klasooreenstemming en getal in Tshivenda voorkom, en tweedens moet die A vorm, sintaktiese distribusie en semantiek van hierdie kategorieë in Tshivenda bepaal word. Hierdie hoofstuk gee ook aandag aan die A morfologiese aannames van die lekseem-morfeem morfologie van Beard (1995) en Aronoff (1994). Die teorie van leksikale semantiek van Pustejovsky (1996) word ook bespreek sowel as die Minimalistiese program in sintaksis van Chomsky (1995). Hoofstuk twee ondersoek die Bepalersfrase in Tshivenda. Dit konsentreer A veralop die struktuur van die Bepalersfrase in Tshivenda. Aandag is veral A gegee aan die funksionele kategorieë binne die Bepalersfrase soos die bepaler en klasooreenstemming asook die verskillende nominale bepalers in die Bepalersfrase. Hoofstuk drie handeloor die naamval in Tshivenda. Sewe naamvalle is in A Tshivend,.a. onderskei nl. nominatief, akkusatief, instrument, lokatief, genitief, datief en vokatief. Hierdie hoofstuk konsentreer op die toekenning van hierdie naamvalle en hulle grammatikale funksies. Hoofstuk vier ondersoek die naamwoordklas in Tshivend,a.. Dit gee veral aandag aan die vorm van die naamwoordprefikse sowel as die bydrae van hierdie prefikse tot die betekenis van die naamwoord in Tshivenda. Hierdie '" analise is gedoen binne 'n raamwerk van die morfologiese struktuur van die naamwoord. Daar is gevind dat Tshivend,a. nog sewentien naamwoordklasse het wat aktief in die taal is. Daarby kon 24 verskillende betekeniskenmerke van hierdie naamwoordprefikse bepaal word. Hoofstuk vyf bespreek klasooreenstemming en getal in Tshivenda. In die A geval van klasooreenstemming is gevind dat dit beide afhanklik en onafhanklik van naamwoordklas is. Klasooreenstemming ten opsigte van die onderwerp en voorwerp is twee funksionele kategorieë binne die infleksiefrase. Verder is spesiale aandag gegee aan eksistensie, sinsvoomaamwoorde, die infinitief sowel as neweskikkende naamwoordgroepe. Daar is ook gevalle aangedui waarin geen klasooreensteming voorkom. Getal is 'n semantiese kategorie in Tshivenda " maar nie' infleksie kategorie nie. Hoofstuk ses handeloor bepaaldheid ten opsigte van die interpretasie van die naamwoord in Tshivend,a.. In die eerste plek is aangedui in welke gevalle naamwoordgroepe bepaald of onbepaald geïnterpreteer kan word, en tweedens is aandag gegee aan die bydrae van nominale bepalers ten opsigte van die bepaaldheid van die naamwoordgroep. Laastens is gewys op die voorkoms van bepaaldheid by eiename. Hoofstuk sewe het die drie enklitieke in Tshivenda ondersoek nl. de, shu ,. J\ en vho. Hul betekenis en distribusie is nagegaan ten opsigte van hul voorkoms by naamwoorde, nominale bepalers asook werkwoorde. Die distribusie van hierdie drie enklitieke is duidelik afhanklik van hul betekenis. So kan de wat verwys na kwantifiseerders bv. nie saam met werkwoorde optree n"ie. Enklitieke wat interprogatief van aard is soos d,..e en shu kan ook dus nie saam met interrogatiewe nominale bepalers voorkom nie.
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Bloodworth, Brian Edward. "Comparative feeding biomechanics and behavioral performance of feeding in the family kogiidae and tursiops truncatus (odontoceti, cetacea)." Thesis, Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/5868.
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Hyolingual biomechanics and kinematics in three species of two odontocete genera were investigated to compare adaptations and performance of divergent feeding strategies. Ram and suction feeding are two ends of a continuous spectrum that is poorly-studied in odontocetes. Comparative anatomy identified characters associated with feeding patterns of morphologically dissimilar and evolutionary distant genera. Hyolingual investigations included measurements of hyolingual muscle vectors and hyoid surface area/robustness. ANOVA's revealed Kogia basihyal and thyrohyal surface areas were significantly greater than T. truncatus. However, most predicted muscle tension values were not significantly different between genera. The presence of lateral gape occlusions, broad basihyal and thyrohyals near the caudal oral cavity, and a broad, short tongue were likely responsible for Kogia's effective suction mechanism. These features were absent, or reduced, in T. truncatus. The feeding kinematics of dwarf and pygmy sperm whales (Kogia sima and K. breviceps), and bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) were characterized and compared incorporating the Ram-Suction Index (RSI). Mean RSI data support a suction feeding strategy for the phylogenetically basal Kogia (-0.67; S.D.ñ0.29) and a ram feeding strategy for the more-derived Tursiops (0.94; S.D.ñ0.11). Tursiops displayed two ram-based feeding behaviors, closed gape approach, where gape increased near food items, and open gape approach, where gape was at least 50% of maximum in the first video field. Four feeding phases were identified in both odontocetes: preparatory, jaw opening, gular depression, and jaw closing. The mean Kogia feeding cycle duration (470 ms; S.D.ñ139) was significantly shorter (P<0.003) than all Tursiops groups (pooled: 863 ms; S.D.ñ337, closed gape approach: 662 ms; S.D.ñ207, open gape approach: 1211 ms; S.D.ñ207). Kogia mean maximum gape angle (39.8ð; S.D.ñ18.9), mean maximum opening, and closing gape angle velocities (293ð/s; S.D.ñ261 and 223ð/s; S.D.ñ121, respectively) were significantly greater (P<0.005) than pooled Tursiops mean maximum gape angle (24.8ð; S.D.ñ6.6), mean maximum opening and closing gape angle velocities (84ð/s; S.D.ñ56 and 120ð/s; S.D.ñ54, respectively). Negative Kogia RSI values were correlated with increasing maximum hyoid depression and retraction, wide gape angle, and rapid opening gape velocity. Kinematic data support functional hypotheses that odontocetes generate suction by rapid depression of the hyoid and tongue.
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McGregor, Lisa. "Locomotor morphology of Anolis, comparative investigations of the design and function of the subdigital adhesive system." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape2/PQDD_0021/MQ49643.pdf.
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Ratcliffe, Robert R. "The "broken" plural problem in Arabic and comparative Semitic : allomorphy and analogy in non-concatenative morphology /." Amsterdam : J. Benjamins, 1998. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37321611t.
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