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Journal articles on the topic 'Comparative osteology'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 3 February 2022

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1

Villa, Andrea, Martin Kirchner, David M. Alba, Federico Bernardini, Arnau Bolet, Àngel H. Luján, Josep Fortuny, et al. "Comparative cranial osteology ofBlanus(Squamata: Amphisbaenia)." Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 185, no. 3 (December 15, 2018): 693–716. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zly082.

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2

Voskoboinikova, O. S., and M. V. Nazarkin. "Comparative osteology of Cyclopsis tentacularis (Cyclopteridae, Scorpaeniformes)." Journal of Ichthyology 49, no. 1 (January 2009): 39–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0032945209010056.

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3

Jawad, Laith A., Ronald Fricke, and Joacim Näslund. "Comparative osteology of the family Tripterygiidae (Teleostei: Blenniiformes)." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 98, no. 6 (April 26, 2017): 1487–511. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002531541700042x.

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This paper presents the results of a comparative study of five osteological complexes, the infraorbital bones, branchial arches, urohyal bone, interdigitation of the median fins, and the caudal fin skeleton, of some members of the fish family Tripterygiidae. Osteological characters that may prove valuable for taxonomic purposes are described, and on the basis of the material handled, their use to separate species within the family is discussed. Several formulae were developed for the distribution of the osteological complexes of the dorsal fin, dorsal and ventral caudal procurrent ray distribution, and caudal fin in the different tripterygiid species studied.

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Villa, Andrea, Juan D. Daza, Aaron M. Bauer, and Massimo Delfino. "Comparative cranial osteology of European gekkotans (Reptilia, Squamata)." Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 184, no. 3 (January 17, 2018): 857–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlx104.

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HOLBROOK, LUKE T. "Comparative osteology of early Tertiary tapiromorphs (Mammalia, Perissodactyla)." Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 132, no. 1 (May 2001): 1–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2001.tb02270.x.

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6

Voskoboinikova, Olga S., and Mikhail Yu Zhukov. "Comparative osteology of the superfamily Congiopodoidea (Pisces: Scorpaenoidei)." Zoomorphology 140, no. 3 (August 28, 2021): 373–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00435-021-00537-1.

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7

Moezzi, Sayyed Ali, Yazdan Keivany, and Benigno Elvira. "Comparative osteology of Chondrostoma orientale and C. nasus." Nova Biologica Reperta 7, no. 3 (November 1, 2020): 278–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.52547/nbr.7.3.278.

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8

Buckley, David, Marvalee H. Wake, and David B. Wake. "Comparative skull osteology of Karsenia koreana (Amphibia, Caudata, Plethodontidae)." Journal of Morphology 271, no. 5 (December 9, 2009): 533–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.10816.

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9

Shupeldt, R. W. "On the Comparative Osteology of the United States Columbidae." Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 59, no. 2 (August 20, 2009): 194–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1891.tb01737.x.

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10

Villa, Andrea, Emanuel Tschopp, Georgios L. Georgalis, and Massimo Delfino. "Osteology, fossil record and palaeodiversity of the European lizards." Amphibia-Reptilia 38, no. 1 (2017): 79–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685381-00003085.

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The capability of palaeontologists to identify fossil remains of a particular group of vertebrates strongly depends on the knowledge they have of its comparative osteology and on the actual presence of diagnostic differences among the considered taxa. This could have a relevant influence on the study of palaeodiversity, since a low recognisability causes a loss of data when trying to reconstruct the history of taxa that lived on Earth in the past. Currently, more than 6000 extant species of lizards and worm lizards are known, and new ones continue to be discovered, mainly based on molecular data. But are we able to recognise this high diversity using osteology? As far as European taxa are concerned, the osteological recognisability of non-snake squamates is very low: only 31% of the extant European taxa can be identified based on their skeletal morphology. This is balanced partially by the fact that most recognisable taxa have been actually recognised in the fossil record, suggesting that the lost data are mainly due to the scarce knowledge of the comparative osteology of these reptiles and less influenced by other biases, such as taphonomic or collection biases. In this context, specimen-level phylogenetic analysis has proved to be a useful tool to identify diagnostic combinations of osteological features, at least for lacertid species, as evidenced by a case study focused on the genusLacerta.

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Shufeldt, R. W. "On the Comparative Osteology of the Passerine Bird Arachnothera magna." Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 79, no. 2 (August 21, 2009): 527–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1909.tb01883.x.

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12

Shufeldt, R. W. "Contribution to the Comparative Osteology of the Trochilidae, Caprimulgidae, and Cypselidce." Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 53, no. 4 (August 21, 2009): 886–915. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1885.tb02929.x.

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13

Villa, Andrea, and Massimo Delfino. "A comparative atlas of the skull osteology of European lizards (Reptilia: Squamata)." Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 187, no. 3 (July 4, 2019): 829–928. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlz035.

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Abstract The fossil record provides evidence of a long evolutionary history of European lizards. Since fossil lizards are regularly represented by bone remains, the knowledge of the origins of extant taxa and their distribution in time and space is hindered by the fact that their comparative osteology is not yet completely and adequately known. In spite of a rising interest in this topic since the end of the 20th century, a gap in our knowledge is still evident. We here report the first broad-scale comparative osteological analysis of the skulls of extant European lizards, highlighting significant differences that can be used in identification. This comparative study, including as many European species as possible, leads to the creation of a detailed diagnostic key for each single bone. Also, our data significantly improve the recognizability of extant European non-snake squamates, with 54% of the current diversity to be recognized based on the new results contra the previously estimated 31%. This recognizability is expected to further increase in the future, with new studies focusing on species that are either missing or poorly represented here, or applying promising advanced methodologies.

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14

Ratnikov, Viatcheslav Yurievich, and Hugues-Alexandre Blain. "Holocene amphibians and reptiles from Voroncha (Belarus): Comparative osteology, paleopathology and paleobiogeography." Historical Biology 32, no. 4 (August 6, 2018): 508–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08912963.2018.1506777.

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15

Voskoboinikova, O. S. "Comparative osteology of Bathylutichthys balushkini and relationship of the family Bathylutichthyidae (Cottoidei)." Journal of Ichthyology 55, no. 3 (May 2015): 303–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0032945215030157.

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16

Chapleau, François. "Comparative osteology and intergeneric relationships of the tongue soles (Pisces; Pleuronectiformes; Cynoglossidae)." Canadian Journal of Zoology 66, no. 5 (May 1, 1988): 1214–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z88-177.

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This article contains the first detailed osteological study of several flatfish species belonging to the three currently recognized genera of tongue soles (Cynoglossidae). The resulting information was used to reassess, following the cladistics methodology, the monophyletic status of the family and to put forward a hypothesis of generic relationships. The polarity of the character states was determined by outgroup comparison using the Soleidae as the sister group of the Cynoglossidae and the Achiridae as the sister group of the soleid–cynoglossid lineage. An analysis of numerous characters corroborated the monophyletism of the Cynoglossidae. It was also found that the genus Symphurus (Symphurinae) is monophyletic and is the sister group of the monophyletic Cynoglossus–Parapaglusia (Cynoglossinae) lineage. Parapaglusia was shown to be monophyletic, but no evidence was found to corroborate a similar status for Cynoglossus. An examination of the osteology of more species belonging to the speciose genera Symphurus and Cynoglossus is needed to further test this hypothesis of relationships.

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17

Roscito, Juliana G., and Miguel T. Rodrigues. "Comparative cranial osteology of fossorial lizards from the tribe gymnophthalmini (Squamata, Gymnophthalmidae)." Journal of Morphology 271, no. 11 (August 26, 2010): 1352–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.10878.

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18

Yunke, WU, WANG Yuezhao, and HANKEN James. "Comparative Osteology of the Genus Pachytriton (Caudata: Salamandridae) from Southeastern China." Asian Herpetological Research 3, no. 2 (August 7, 2012): 83–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1245.2012.00083.

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19

Jawad, Laith A., and Liu Jig. "Comparative osteology of the axial skeleton of the genus Pampus (Family: Stromateidae, Perciformes)." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 97, no. 2 (March 22, 2016): 277–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315416000369.

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Seven osteological characters of the axial skeleton are studied in the eight species of the genus Pampus. The characters include: pattern of interdigitation of the dorsal- and anal-fin pterygiophores with the neural and haemal spines of the vertebrae, structure of the vertebral column, distribution of the dorsal- and ventral- procurrent caudal-fin rays, distribution of the principal caudal-fin rays and the morphology of the caudal-fin skeleton. All these features appear to be useful in the characterization of the eight species of the genus Pampus. Formulae for the structure of the vertebral column, the dorsal- and anal-fin pterygiophores’ interdigitation with the neural and haemal spines of the vertebrae, distribution of the dorsal and ventral procurrent caudal-fin rays, and distribution of the principal caudal-fin rays were developed. Pampus nozawae was recently considered a synonym of P. argenteus. However, according to the characters used in the present study, this species is notably distinct from P. argenteus.

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20

Chapleau, François. "Erratum: Comparative osteology and intergeneric relationships of the tongue soles (Pisces; Pleuronectiformes: Cynoglossidae)." Canadian Journal of Zoology 66, no. 8 (August 1, 1988): 1903. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z88-277.

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21

Voskoboinikova, O. S., E. A. Chegodaeva, and M. V. Nazarkin. "Comparative osteology, relationships, and systematics of fish of the genus Zoarces (Zoarcidae, Perciformes)." Journal of Ichthyology 50, no. 9 (November 2010): 704–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s003294521009002x.

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22

Kok, Philippe J. R., Milan A. J. van der Velden, D. Bruce Means, Sebastian Ratz, Iván Josipovic, Matthieu Boone, and Roy W. McDiarmid. "Coping with the extremes: comparative osteology of the tepui-associated toad Oreophrynella and its bearing on the evolution of osteological novelties in the genus." Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 190, no. 1 (March 3, 2020): 114–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlz172.

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Abstract The only study of the osteology of the toad genus Oreophrynella dates back to 1971 and was based on a single species. Here, we use high-resolution X-ray microcomputed tomography to analyse the osteology of all nine described Oreophrynella species, which are compared with representatives of other bufonid lineages. Oreophrynella is unique among bufonids in having opposable digits. Osteological synapomorphies confirmed for the genus are as follows: presence of parietal fontanelles and exposed frontoparietal fontanelle, absence of quadratojugal, five presacral vertebrae, distally enlarged terminal phalanges and urostyle greatly expanded into flanges. Ancestral character reconstruction indicates that arboreal habits in some Oreophrynella species are likely to have evolved after the evolution of opposable digits. Opposable digits, in combination with an extension of the interdigital integument and the relative length/orientation of the digits, are likely to be adaptations to facilitate life on rocky tepui summits and an exaptation to arboreality. Cranial simplification in Oreophrynella, in the form of cranial fontanelles and absence of the quadratojugal, is possibly driven by a reduction of developmental costs, increase in flexibility and reduction of body weight. Cranial simplification combined with the shortening of the vertebral column and the shift towards a partly firmisternal girdle might be adaptations to the peculiar tumbling behaviour displayed by Oreophrynella.

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23

Koyabu, Daisuke. "3D atlas and comparative osteology of the middle ear ossicles among Eulipotyphla (Mammalia, Placentalia)." MorphoMuseuM 3, no. 2 (May 3, 2017): e3. http://dx.doi.org/10.18563/m3.3.2.e3.

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24

Storer, Robert W. "The Comparative Osteology of Grebes (Aves: Podicipediformes) and Its Systematic Implications Zbigniew M. Bocheński." Auk 113, no. 4 (October 1996): 974–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4088888.

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25

Guayasamin, Juan M. "THE ELEUTHERODACTYLUS ORCESI SPECIES GROUP (ANURA: LEPTODACTYLIDAE): COMPARATIVE OSTEOLOGY AND COMMENTS ON ITS MONOPHYLY." Herpetological Monographs 18, no. 1 (2004): 142. http://dx.doi.org/10.1655/0733-1347(2004)018[0142:teosga]2.0.co;2.

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26

Takahashi, Tetsumi. "Comparative Osteology of the Infraorbitals in Cichlid Fishes (Osteichthyes : Teleostei : Perciformes) from Lake Tanganyika." Species Diversity 8, no. 1 (2003): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.12782/specdiv.8.1.

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27

Criswell, Katharine E. "The comparative osteology and phylogenetic relationships of African and South American lungfishes (Sarcopterygii: Dipnoi)." Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 174, no. 4 (March 27, 2015): 801–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12255.

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28

Dastanpoor, Neda, Yazdan Keivany, and Eisa Ebrahimi. "Comparative osteology of three endemic cichlids (Iranocichla spp.) (Actinopterygii, Perciformes, Cichlidae) from southern Iran." Acta Ichthyologica et Piscatoria 51, no. 1 (March 31, 2021): 67–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/aiep.51.63218.

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Iranian cichlids are isolated disjunct populations of the African cichlids group, restricted to the Hormuz Strait region in the Hormuz basin, and are a very important group from both zoogeographic and phylogenetic points of view. Thus, the osteological structures, as one of the most reliable structures, of the three nominal species of Iranian cichlid fishes, Iranocichla hormuzensis Coad, 1982, from the Mehran River, Iranocichla persa Esmaeili, Sayyadzadeh et Seehausen, 2016, from Khorgo hot spring, and Iranocichla sp., from the Kol River were described and compared. Ten specimens of each species were cleared and stained with Alcian blue and Alizarin red. A digital camera was used for taking pictures and CorelDraw X6 software for preparing drawings. The three species have some differences in the caudal fin skeleton, shape of the urostyle, neural spine of preural 2, hypural spines 2, and 3, anterior part of parhypural and hypurapophysis, the size of neural spines of preural 2 and 3, hypural 3 and 4, and epurals. Although there are some differences among the species, osteology of these species is very conservative and other traits like behavioral and molecular should be used.

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29

El Allali, K., M. Achaâban, and M. Ouassat. "Anatomy of the dromedary head skeleton revisited." Journal of Morphological Sciences 34, no. 02 (April 2017): 073–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4322/jms.100916.

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Abstract Introduction: Dromedary Camel is known for its specific adaptation to the hostile environment of desert areas. Hence, it is a very interesting model to consider for biological and veterinary sciences. A good knowledge of camel head osteology is relevant to overcome the lack of accurate data useful for comparative anatomy, radiology and clinical practice. Methods: The present work studied the osteology of the camel skull at different age and investigates blood vessels and nerves passing through its foramina. Results: The obtained data show similarities with domestic mammals but also several peculiarities. These include particularly; the existence of an extensive temporal fossa; a prominent external sagittal crest in the adults which is replaced by a large parietal planum in the youngest; the supra-orbital foramina give access only to the frontal vein and thus cannot be used for the nerve block and anesthesia of the upper eyelids; supplementary foramens including, a retroarticular, a lateral sphenopalatine, an accessory maxillary and a lacrimal fontanel were described for the first time. Unlike that reported in the literature, the lacerate foramen is covered by a fibro-cartilaginous layer; whereas the carotid foramen is located caudally to the jugular foramen. The hyoid lingual process is lacking while the epihyoideum is well developed. The mandibular symphysis is well extended reaching 13.2 ± 0.8cm. Also, the literature controversy concerning the lower jaw dental formula was discussed and elucidated: I3-C1-PM2-M3. Conclusion: This study provides a deep anatomy description of the camel skull. The presented results are important for comparative anatomy and clinical investigations.

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Eshra, E., and A. El Asely. "Comparative osteology and three dimensional computed tomography of Nile catfishes, in relation to feeding mechanisms." Journal of Morphological Sciences 31, no. 03 (July 2014): 162–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4322/jms.059913.

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Abstract Introduction: For the first time three- dimensional Computed Tomography was used in a study concerning Nile catfishes heads. Methods: The present study is carried out on 40 heads of four examplar species of catfish families, Bagridae (B. bajad); Clariidae (C.garpineus); Malapteruridae (M. electricus) and Mochokidae (S. schall). Specimens are double-stained for cartilage and bone, as done by Taylor and Van Dyke (1985). Results: the skull of M. electricus was consisted of both bones and cartilage, as the frontal, parietal, supraoccipital, postparietal, sphenotic and pterootic were remained cartilages in mature fish. In order to ease the studying process the bones of catfish skulls were arranged in clear twelve series. This arrangement may facilitate the diagnosis of the malformations and other related diseases. Despite the similarity of the feeding apparatus in the Nile-catfish, they have different feeding mechanisms. B. bajad able to feed on large sized preys because of the free branchiostegeal membrane, the large dimensions of the oral and pharyngeal gap limits. M. electricus has another method as we suggest that the liable cartilages which form the skull roof are easily squeezed by voluminous muscles, raise the roof of the mouth and expand the oropharynx. In S. schall the narrow oropharyngeal limits and the subterminal mouth are suitable for sucking small mollusks, a process aided by the hard pad of the upper lip and the brush like mandibular teeth. Conclusions: This work provides an anatomical description of the fish heads using 3D CT which may facilitate the diagnosis of malformations and other related diseases. It also discussed the different feeding habits of the Nile Catfish.

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31

Budney, L. A., and B. K. Hall. "Comparative morphology and osteology of pelvic fin-derived midline suckers in lumpfishes, snailfishes and gobies." Journal of Applied Ichthyology 26, no. 2 (April 2010): 167–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0426.2010.01398.x.

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32

Dubke, Mirjam, Christy A. Hipsley, and Johannes Müller. "Comparative skull osteology and preliminary systematic revision of the African lizard genus Heliobolus (Squamata: Lacertidae)." African Journal of Herpetology 67, no. 2 (March 11, 2018): 160–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21564574.2017.1422153.

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33

HILTON, ERIC J. "Comparative osteology and phylogenetic systematics of fossil and living bony-tongue fishes (Actinopterygii, Teleostei, Osteoglossomorpha)." Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 137, no. 1 (December 19, 2002): 1–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1096-3642.2003.00032.x.

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34

Ekdale, Eric G., Annalisa Berta, and Thomas A. Deméré. "The Comparative Osteology of the Petrotympanic Complex (Ear Region) of Extant Baleen Whales (Cetacea: Mysticeti)." PLoS ONE 6, no. 6 (June 22, 2011): e21311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0021311.

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35

Costa, Wilson J. E. M. "Comparative Osteology, Phylogeny and Classification of the Eastern South American Catfish Genus Trichomycterus (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae)." Taxonomy 1, no. 2 (June 16, 2021): 160–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/taxonomy1020013.

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Trichomycterus has been considered for a long time to be the most problematic genus of the diverse neotropical subfamily Trichomycterinae. Recently, Trichomycterus was restricted to a clade from eastern South America supported by molecular data, but no unique morphological character state was found to distinguish it, making it difficult to allocate new species based on morphology alone. The objectives of this study were to conduct an osteological comparative analysis comprising a large sample of valid species of Trichomycterus, to conduct a total evidence phylogenetic analysis, combining osteological characters and a multigene database, and to propose an intrageneric classification based on the results of the phylogenetic analysis. Fifty-two osteological characters were combined with a multigene molecular data set of 2974 bp for 44 species of Trichomycterus, and 21 outgroups generated a well-supported phylogenetic tree, making it possible to delimit and diagnose intrageneric lineages, of which six subgenera are recognized. The high morphological diversity of osteological structures herein first reported for Trichomycterus from eastern South America is possibly related to some ecological specializations. This study shows that osteological characters combined with molecular data may be useful to consistently delimit and distinguish between trichomycterines, shedding light on the still persistent problems in trichomycterine systematics.

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36

Zulfahmi, Ilham, Yusrizal Akmal, Muhammad Radhi, Muslich Hidayat, and Muliari Muliari. "Comparative osteology of Tor tambroides (Bleeker, 1854) and Tor tambra (Valenciennes 1842) vertebral column (ossa vertebrae)." Jurnal Iktiologi Indonesia 20, no. 3 (October 1, 2020): 235. http://dx.doi.org/10.32491/jii.v20i3.530.

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Information related to osteology plays a vital role in support ecomorphology and phylogenetic relationship analysis in fish. This study aimed to describe the comparative morphology of the vertebral column between Tor tambroides (Bleeker, 1854) and Tor tambra (Valenciennes 1842). Samples of Tor tambroides and Tor tambra were obtained from fish traders in the Tangse River area of Pidie Regency and Sampoinet River area, Aceh Jaya Regency, Aceh Province. Vertebral column preparation consists of five steps: muscles and scales separation, immersion in a formaldehyde solution, drying, morphometric measurements, photographing and image editing, and identification of terminology. The results showed that there are morphological differences between Tor tambroides and Tor tambra vertebral column, particularly in the axial vertebrae, posterior vertebrae caudales, and urostylus regions. The pleural costae of Tor tambroides have a posterior curve with the left and right sides interlocking. The lateral Tor tambroides process tends to curve posteriorly, while the Tor tambra tends to round up parallel to the dorsal costae. Tor tambroides tend to have stronger ligaments marked by the absence of a foramen between the hypural. Morphometrically, Tor tambroides tend to have higher centrum ratios (length, width, and height), neural spine, haemalis spine, and costae compared to Tor tambra. The significant difference in morphometric results in observed the axial vertebrae and the posterior vertebrae caudales region. Further research related to the correlation of vertebral column morphology with the environmental condition of these fish is still necessary.

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Nasri, M., Y. Keivany, and S. Dorafshan. "Comparative osteology of lotaks, Cyprinion kais and C. macrostomum (Cypriniformes, Cyprinidae), from Godarkhosh River, western Iran." Journal of Ichthyology 53, no. 6 (July 2013): 455–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0032945213040103.

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38

Tarquini, Juliana, Cecilia C. Morgan, Néstor Toledo, and Leopoldo H. Soibelzon. "Comparative osteology and functional morphology of the forelimb ofCyonasua(Mammalia, Procyonidae), the first South American carnivoran." Journal of Morphology 280, no. 3 (February 12, 2019): 446–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.20956.

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39

Hilton, Eric J., and Peter L. Forey. "Contributions of Walter G. Ridewood to systematic comparative anatomy, especially of the osteology of “lower” vertebrates." Journal of Natural History 39, no. 8 (February 2005): 641–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930400001475.

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40

Lundberg, John G., Dean A. Hendrickson, Kyle R. Luckenbill, and Arce H. Mariangeles. "Satan's skeleton revealed: a tomographic and comparative osteology of Satan eurystomus, the subterranean Widemouth Blindcat (Siluriformes, Ictaluridae)." Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 165, no. 1 (November 2016): 117–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1635/053.165.0108.

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41

Franz-Odendaal, Tamara, and Dominique Adriaens. "Comparative developmental osteology of the seahorse skeleton reveals heterochrony amongst Hippocampus sp. and progressive caudal fin loss." EvoDevo 5, no. 1 (2014): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/2041-9139-5-45.

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Román-Carrión, José Luis, and Luciano Brambilla. "Comparative skull osteology of Oreomylodon wegneri (Xenarthra, Mylodontinae): defining the taxonomic status of the Ecuadorian endemic mylodontid." Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 39, no. 4 (July 4, 2019): e1674860. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02724634.2019.1674860.

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Deepak, V., Varad B. Giri, Mohammad Asif, Sushil Kumar Dutta, Raju Vyas, Amod M. Zambre, Harshal Bhosale, and K. Praveen Karanth. "Systematics and phylogeny of Sitana (Reptilia: Agamidae) of Peninsular India, with the description of one new genus and five new species." Contributions to Zoology 85, no. 1 (March 9, 2016): 67–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18759866-08501004.

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We revise the taxonomy of the agamid genus Sitana Cuvier, 1829, a widely distributed terrestrial lizard from the Indian subcontinent based on detailed comparative analyses of external morphology, osteology and molecular data. We sampled 81 locations spread over 160,000 km2 in Peninsular India including type localities, which represented two known and five previously undescribed species. Based on general similarity in body shape and dewlap all species were hitherto identified as members of the genus Sitana. However, Sitana deccanensis and two other morphotypes, which are endemic to north Karnataka and Maharashtra in Peninsular India, are very distinct from the rest of the known members of the genus Sitana based on their external morphology and osteology. Moreover, members of this distinct morphological group were monophyletic in the molecular tree, and this clade (clade 1) was sister to two well-supported clades (2 and 3) constituting the rest of the Sitana . The interclade genetic divergence in mtDNA between clade 1 and clades 2 and 3 was 21-23%, whereas clade 2 and clade 3 exhibited 14- 16% genetic divergence. Thus, we designate a new genus name “Sarada ” gen. nov. for species represented in Clade 1, which also includes the recently resurrected Sitana deccanensis . We describe two new species in Sarada gen. nov. and three new species in Sitana . Similarity in the dewlap of Sitana and Sarada gen. nov. is attributed to similar function (sexual signaling) and similarity in body shape is attributed to a similar terrestrial life style and/or common ancestry.

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Xu, Guang-Hui. "Osteology and phylogeny of Robustichthys luopingensis, the largest holostean fish in the Middle Triassic." PeerJ 7 (June 24, 2019): e7184. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.7184.

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The extinct ray-finned fish taxon Robustichthys luopingensis from Luoping, eastern Yunnan, China represents the largest holostean known in the Middle Triassic. Despite its potential significance for investigating the holostean phylogeny and reconstructing the Triassic marine ecosystems, Robustichthys has so far not been described in detail and its phylogenetic position within the Holostei was controversy. This study provides a redescription and revision of Robustichthys based upon a comparative study of eight type specimens and nine new specimens. Newly recognized information includes a toothed parasphenoid, a pair of premaxillae not pierced by the olfactory nerve, a splint-like quadratojugal, a hatchet-shaped hyomandibula, an hourglass-shaped symplectic, anterior and posterior ceratohyals, a complete series of branchiostegal rays, and sclerotic bones. A revised reconstruction of Robustichthys is presented. Results of a cladistic analysis confirmed Robustichthys as an ionoscopiform within the Halecomorphi; the previous placements of Robustichthys as a basal ginglymodian and Ionoscopidae as a basal amiiform clade are not supported. The sister group relationship between Sinamiinae (Sinamia and Ikechaoamia) and Amiinae (Amia and Cyclurus) within the Amiidae is newly recognized. This revised topology provides new insights into the evolution and historical paleoecology of halecomorph fishes.

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Crompton, Robin Huw, William I. Sellers, and Susannah K. S. Thorpe. "Arboreality, terrestriality and bipedalism." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 365, no. 1556 (October 27, 2010): 3301–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2010.0035.

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The full publication of Ardipithecus ramidus has particular importance for the origins of hominin bipedality, and strengthens the growing case for an arboreal origin. Palaeontological techniques however inevitably concentrate on details of fragmentary postcranial bones and can benefit from a whole-animal perspective. This can be provided by field studies of locomotor behaviour, which provide a real-world perspective of adaptive context, against which conclusions drawn from palaeontology and comparative osteology may be assessed and honed. Increasingly sophisticated dynamic modelling techniques, validated against experimental data for living animals, offer a different perspective where evolutionary and virtual ablation experiments, impossible for living mammals, may be run in silico , and these can analyse not only the interactions and behaviour of rigid segments but increasingly the effects of compliance, which are of crucial importance in guiding the evolution of an arboreally derived lineage.

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Haigler, Daniella. "Osteo Preparation Lab: Preserving the Smithsonian Tradition of Collections Access and Collections-based Research." Biodiversity Information Science and Standards 2 (June 13, 2018): e26528. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/biss.2.26528.

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The National Museum of Natural History is committed to long-term stewardship of collections and to supporting their use by scientists and the general public. Smithsonian’s Osteo Preparation Lab (OPL), in particular, maintains a long-standing tradition of collections access and collections-based research. This tradition of preparing and cataloging osteological specimens traces its origin to the beginning of the Smithsonian Institution itself. In the mid 1800's, James Smithson's legacy called for an Institution with a mission to pursue the “increase and diffusion of knowledge.” Under Spencer Baird, that mission later evolved into a system called collections-based research. This system involved preparing and curating animal specimens for scientific research, which was particularly important for the emerging field of comparative anatomy of vertebrate skeletons. Today, OPL staff work to catalogue and document vertebrate specimens, which contributes greatly to continuing the historic tradition of collections-based research done at Smithsonian Institution. The preparation and curation procedures of vertebrate specimens relies on the commitment of the OPL staff, as well as the use of dermestid colonies, composting, and other maceration techniques. The lab’s sizeable space and state of the art necropsy equipment for large animal dissections are used on a regular basis by visiting scientists studying vertebrate anatomy. Additionally, the OPL is integrally involved in tissue collection from animal remains, which are held by the museum for research purposes in both collections spaces at the museum and our unique biorepository at the museum support center (MSC). In terms of collections access, the osteology specimens in the museum’s research collections draw scientists from around the world. The research done on the specimens has resulted in many intriguing discoveries. In terms of public engagement and access, the Smithsonian Institution can boast maintaining a three hundred year old exhibition on vertebrate osteology, which began in 1881. The “Osteology: Hall of Bones” provides visitors with an opportunity to examine the skeletons of a vast array of vertebrate species, ranging from minute birds to giant mammals. The display, while mirroring the selection of species found in the original exhibit from the nineteenth century, enhances the user experience through the integration of modern technologies, like the app “Skin and Bones.” And so, despite the rather unpleasant smell and macabre nature of the work, the Osteo Prep Lab's activities are integral to both the public outreach and research activities of the Smithsonian Institution’s National Museum of Natural History.

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O’Brien, Haley D. "Cranial arterial pattern of the Sri Lankan spotted chevrotain,Moschiola memmina, and comparative basicranial osteology of the Tragulidae." PeerJ 3 (December 1, 2015): e1451. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.1451.

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The cranial arterial pattern of artiodactyls deviates significantly from the typical mammalian pattern. One of the most striking atypical features is the rete mirabile epidurale: a subdural arterial meshwork that functionally and anatomically replaces the arteria carotis interna. This meshwork facilitates an exceptional ability to cool the brain, and was thought to be present in all artiodactyls. Recent research, however, has found that species of mouse deer (Artiodactyla: Tragulidae) endemic to the Malay Archipelago possess a complete a. carotis interna instead of a rete mirabile epidurale. As tragulids are the sister group to pecoran ruminants, the lack of a rete mirabile epidurale in these species raises intriguing evolutionary questions about the origin and nature of artiodactyl thermoregulatory cranial vasculature. In this study, cranial arterial patterns are documented for the remaining species within the Tragulidae. Radiopaque latex vascular injection, computed tomography (CT-scanning), and digital 3-dimensional anatomical reconstruction are used to image the cranial arteries of a Sri Lankan spotted chevrotain,Moschiola meminna. Sites of hard and soft tissue interaction were identified, and these osteological correlates were then sought in nine skulls representative of the remaining tragulid species. Both hard and soft tissue surveys confirm that the presence of an a. carotis interna is the common condition for tragulids. Moreover, the use of a 3-D, radiographic anatomical imaging technique enabled identification of a carotico-maxillary anastomosis that may have implications for the evolution of the artiodactyl rete mirabile epidurale.

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XING, Hai, Xijin ZHAO, Kebai WANG, Dunjing LI, Shuqing CHEN, Jordan C. MALLON, Yanxia ZHANG, and Xing XU. "Comparative Osteology and Phylogenetic Relationship ofEdmontosaurusandShantungosaurus(Dinosauria: Hadrosauridae) from the Upper Cretaceous of North America and East Asia." Acta Geologica Sinica - English Edition 88, no. 6 (December 2014): 1623–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1755-6724.12334.

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Koppetsch, Thore, Wolfgang Böhme, Sebastian Büsse, and Stanislav N. Gorb. "Comparative epidermal microstructure anatomy and limb and tail osteology of eyelid geckos (Squamata: Eublepharidae): Implications of ecomorphological adaptations." Zoologischer Anzeiger 287 (July 2020): 45–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcz.2020.05.005.

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SANGER, THOMAS J., and AMY R. McCUNE. "Comparative osteology of the Danio (Cyprinidae: Ostariophysi) axial skeleton with comments on Danio relationships based on molecules and morphology." Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 135, no. 4 (July 29, 2002): 529–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1096-3642.2002.00014.x.

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