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1
Яцьків, Марія Юріївна. "СЕМАНТИЧНІ ОСОБЛИВОСТІ КОМПАРАТИВНИХ ФРАЗЕМ У РОМАНІ МИРОСЛАВА ДОЧИНЦЯ «ГОРЯНИН»". Збірник наукових праць ХНПУ імені Г.С. Сковороди "Лінгвістичні дослідження", № 41 (30 березня 2016): 145–49. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.48604.
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<em>The topicality of our research is caused by the strengthening of interest to the comparative phrasemes in Ukrainian studies and insufficient development of issues related to comparative phraseological unities on the basis of certain author’s works in Ukrainian linguistics. The aim of the research is to investigate semantic peculiarities of comparative phraseological units represented in the novel «Highlander» of Transkarpathian Ukrainian writer Myroslav Dochynets. To realize the aim the following tasks were set: to work up the appropriate theoretic sources, devoted to the studying of comparative phraseology; to record the phraseological units of Myroslav Dochynets’ novel «Highlander»; to analyze semantic peculiarities of the comparative phrasemes discovered in the novel. The peculiarities of the functioning of the comparative phraseological unities in the novel «Highlander» of Transkarpathian-Ukrainian author Myroslav Dochynets are reviewed in the article. Semantic groups of the author comparative phraseologisms represented in the novel are separated, the most representative of them denote the following: the natural phenomena, human’s actions in the relations with others; actions and doings, human’s behavior; virtues and qualities of a person; person’s physical state; appearance; state of an object, phenomenon; characteristics of an action. Broad functioning of the comparative phrasemes, semantic unity of which is achieved mostly thanks to expressive emotive and evaluative meanings observed.</em>
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Akbarova, Dildora Axtamjon qizi. "ENGLISH AND UZBEK TOPONYMIC PHRASEOLOGICAL UNIT: LINGUOCULTURAL." Eurasian Journal of Academic Research 2, no. 1 (2022): 97–100. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5852549.
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This article is devoted to the study of English and Uzbek phraseological units, including place names. Attempts are being made to identify the sources of origin, as well as to analyze them from a linguocultural perspective. Toponymic phraseological units in both languages are divided into five main groups according to their sources of origin, and special attention is paid to historically connected phraseological units. Phraseological units based on specific historical events and facts are opened and explained here. The author suggests two major groups for the presence of real place names in phraseological units. The toponymic properties of real toponyms in the sense of the corresponding noun and phraseological unit have also been identified. There are also additional connotations of toponyms that affect the meaning of phraseological units. Examples are taken from a number of phraseological and paremiological dictionaries in English and Uzbek. Examples are analyzed by descriptive and comparative methods. Similarities and differences are identified based on the national and cultural characteristics of the two languages.
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SOGA, L. "RESEARCH ON THE SEMANTICS OF PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF UKRAINIAN AND ENGLISH." Current issues of linguistics and translations studies, no. 27 (April 27, 2023): 103–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.31891/2415-7929-2023-27-24.
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This article explores the translation of English phraseological units, paying attention to their specific characteristics. Phraseological units are inseparable language units that denote a specific concept and have a modified meaning. Their important characteristics include the invariance of meaning, structure and grammar, as well as imagery. Translating English phraseological units can be difficult due to their complex semantic structure, figurative nature, and national-cultural specificity of meanings. Phraseological units can be divided into equivalent and non-equivalent ones, with the meanings of the latter depending on the national-cultural context. To translate equivalent phraseological units, full or partial phraseological equivalents or phraseological analogues can be used. The most effective way to translate phraseological units is to use a full phraseological equivalent that fully corresponds to the original phraseological unit in meaning, lexical composition, grammatical structure, and imagery in both languages. In translation, there are partial equivalents that contain some discrepancies with the original phraseological units, and phraseological analogues that have the same meaning and style but differ in imagery from the original. Many English phraseological units are non-equivalent, so they are translated into Ukrainian using calques or descriptions. Descriptive translation allows conveying the general meaning of phraseological units as succinctly and clearly as possible, but does not preserve the figurative meaning.
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Mokienko, Valery, and Tatiana Nikitina. "The Axiological Portrait of Quality and its Standard (Based on Comparative Phraseography)." Studia Slavica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 66, no. 1 (2022): 101–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/060.2021.00009.
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The paper presents the concept of a comparative topical dictionary of set similes, which allows to fully reflect the axiological parameters of phraseological material. The choice of the object of vocabulary description which is set similes (comparative phraseological units) is justified by their direct correlation with the category of evaluation and the individual value system. It is emphasized that in the act of phraseological nomination, axiologically oriented is the choice of the object of comparison that requires evaluation, and the image of comparison that refers the native speaker and the researcher to the sphere of origin of the turnover, to its history. These phraseological parameters have been thoroughly investigated on the material of various languages. However, bilingual dictionaries do not give a complete picture of the evaluative phraseological universals and the ethnocultural specifics of phraseological comparisons. A bilingual dictionary of a special type will help solve this problem, realizing the idea of parallel-contrastive representation of the material, which determines the relevance of our research presented in this article on the material of the Russian and Czech languages. The article deals with such theoretical issues of phraseology as the axiological potential of a comparative phraseological unit, the paradigmatics of the axiological space of comparative phraseology, axiological characteristics of the comparison standard, etc.Referring to the dictionary entries formed within the framework of the concept, the feasibility of multi-directional linguoaxiological development of set similes in two sections of the comparative dictionary has been proved: from the general phraseological image to the meaning of phraseological units and their axiological orientation as well as from the meaning of a phraseological unit to methods of associative-figurative transmission of evaluative connotations.In the first case, the phrase-forming potential of the figurative cores representing the model manifestations of the evaluated attributes is revealed, while ethnoculturally determined discrepancies of the axiological charge of the image are commented on. In the second case, the attribute itself is characterized from the standpoint of its practical significance for speakers of different linguistic cultures. A model of parallel-contrasting dictionary macro-entry structuring is presented: the filling of parametric zones, the features of metalanguage use, and the graphic ways of displaying types of figurative-axiological correspondences.
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Nazmieva, Elmira, Roza Zakirova, and Nataliya Pershina. "ON THE ISSUE OF MATCHING A PHRASEOLOGICAL UNIT WITH A WORD (COMPARATIVE PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS VERSUS ADJECTIVES)." International E-Journal of Advances in Social Sciences (IJASOS) 10, no. 29 (2024): 208–13. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13351652.
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<strong>Abstract:</strong> The authors of the article consider adjectival comparative phraseological units (ACPhU) and the corresponding compound adjectives. The purpose of the article is to provide analysis of the structural, syntactic, and the semantic features of ACPhU and compound adjectives and their combinability. The study shows that there are discrepancies among these linguistic phenomena at the structural, syntactic and the semantic levels. Compound adjectives are characterized by structural uniformity; they differ in the order of their components. Both the first and the second components of the compound adjectives have a higher valency than the corresponding ACPhU components. The latter allow intrusion of separate words between the components, i.e. they are structurally separable units, whereas the wholeness of the compound adjectives does not allow morphological-grammar changes of the components. It is demonstrated in the article that ACPhU are firstly combined with nouns and pronouns characterizing a person in general, whereas compound adjectives are combined with nouns characterizing a person’s parts of the body and everything else related to him, what that person demonstrates an attitude to. ACPhU allow wedging of some words between the components, i.e. they are structurally separable formations. The first component of ACPhU may be used in a comparative degree, the second component – in a plural form. Compound adjectives are inseparable formations, that is they do not allow wedging of any elements between the components, they are characterized by hyphenated spelling, and sometimes – inseparable or separable spelling. So, when studying ACPhU and compound adjectives, it is more reasonable to speak about their correlation rather than equivalence.
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Radchuk, O. A., and N. V. Lapshina. "Comparative characteristics of Kazakh, Russian and English phraseological units with components of the sense organs." Bulletin of the Karaganda university. Philology series 11529, no. 3 (2024): 50–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.31489/2024ph3/50-57.
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The article is devoted to the comparative characteristics of phraseological units with the components “nose”, “ears”, “eyes”, “tongue”, “skin” in the Kazakh, Russian and English languages. The purpose of this article is to conduct a comparative structural and semantic analysis of phraseological units with components of the sense organs and identify universal and unique features in the compared languages. The study pays attention to what connotation — positive, neutral or negative — each analyzed phraseological unit has in the compared languages. The analysis shows that phraseological units with a negative connotation in each language prevail over phraseological units with a positive or neutral meaning in each language, which indicates that most often phraseological units are created to describe human vices, shortcomings or negative situations in which people find themselves throughout their lives. The study also shows that in most cases, phraseological units in the languages have universal features, since the senses of any person play the same role, and therefore phraseological units with components of the senses express approximately the same meaning. However, in some cases, phraseological units have unique features, which is a clear sign of the national picture of the world.
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Bakina, Anna D. "Biblical Lexical Items vs Biblical Phraseological Units: Specifying the Notions (Based on English and German Texts)." Vestnik of Northern (Arctic) Federal University. Series Humanitarian and Social Sciences, no. 6 (December 20, 2021): 35–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.37482/2687-1505-v140.
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This article discusses the problem of delimiting the notions of biblical lexical item and biblical phraseological unit within the framework of studying the formation and development of biblical phraseology as a separate branch of general phraseology. The author believes that biblical phraseology should to be considered as an independent research area due to the progressive development of the study of phraseology in general, as well as the growing interest among scholars in phraseology of biblical origin and pertinent research materials that have accumulated over the past two decades. To begin with, the paper specifies the status of the biblical phraseological unit as a phraseological unit. Further, the definitions of the above-mentioned notions are analysed and a typology of biblical lexical items and phraseological units of biblical origin is developed based on a review of scholarly works dealing with various aspects of biblical lexical items and biblical phraseological units. Examples of the use of biblical lexical items and biblical phraseological units in English and German texts are provided as illustrations. The research methods applied here include analysis and synthesis, generalization and hypotheticoinductive method; comparative, contextual, and classification methods, as well as analysis of definitions, phraseological identification, and phraseological analysis. The author concludes that biblical lexical item is a broader notion, which includes biblical phraseological units. Biblical lexical items are numerous and diverse in terms of composition and can be presented in the form of multi-level linguistic units (from a word to a sentence), while biblical phraseological units are structured as fixed expressions, from a phrase to a sentence. Thus, a biblical phraseological unit is defined as a fixed reproducible linguistic unit in the form of a phrase or a sentence, having integrity of nomination and integrity of meaning that is etymologically related to the Bible. It is emphasized that the specificity of phraseological units of biblical origin is manifested at the formal, content and functional levels.
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Dudenko, Olena. "The syntactic function of comparative units: to get to the truth." Philological Review, no. 2 (April 29, 2024): 13–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.31499/2415-8828.2.2023.299023.
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Determining the syntactic status of comparative constructions is one of the most controversial issues in the Ukrainian linguistics. Distinguishing between comparative phrases and incomplete subordinate comparative sentences is actively debated. Various linguists offer opposing points of view to the same issue. The aim of the work is to clarify the syntactic functions of comparative constructions (both conjunctive and non-conjunctive) within simple and complex sentences. The material of the study embraced about 200 comparative units, selected from the novel “Nekhvoroshch (verbena)” by Liubov Ponomarenko. Descriptive and comparative methods, elements of functional and component analysis, as well as the method of quantitative calculations were used to perform the research. The article analyses domestic linguists’ points of view to the syntactic functions of comparative constructions. Having analysed the comparative units in Liubov Ponomarenko’s texts, the author presented the list of numerous syntactic functions of conjunctive and non-conjunctive comparatives within a simple sentence (comparative subjects and predicates, attributes, objects and circumstances denoting action mode, measure, degree, and reason, etc.), as well as the structure of subordinate comparatives in complex subordinate sentences (complete or incomplete clauses, the possibility of supplementing the missing member by “borrowing” it from the main part). The article focuses on the most controversial issues of distinguishing comparative constructions and offers the author’s vision of the problem. When determining the status of a comparative unit, the author analyses its structure, semantics, degree of prevalence, the possibility of replacing it with instrumental case, and if there is one of the main parts in a comparative construction, the imaginary substitution of the eliminated subject or predicate is used. The article supports the consideration that phraseological comparisons with the sentence structure perform the common function that is determined by the meaning of this phraseological unit.
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Xudoyorova, Safura. "English and uzbek toponymic phraseological units: Linguocultural and historical aspects." International journal of linguistics, literature and culture 7, no. 4 (2021): 201–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.21744/ijllc.v7n4.1426.
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The present paper is devoted to investigation of English and Uzbek phraseological units which contain place names in their structure. An attempt is made to find out the sources of origin as well as to analyze them from linguocultural point of view. Toponymic phraseological units in both languages are classified into five main groups according to the emergence sources and particular attention is given to the historically associated phraseological units. Here the phraseological units that are based on the exact historical events and facts are discovered and explained. The author proposes two major groups of phraseological units concerning the existence of real place names in their structure. There are also revealed properties of real toponyms that stimulated the connection in the meaning of a proper name and a phraseological unit. Additional connotation of toponyms which influenced on the meaning of phraseological units are also discovered. The examples are taken from several English and Uzbek phraseological and paremiological dictionaries. The examples are analyzed by descriptive and comparative methods. Similarities and differences are found out due to national-cultural specifics of both languages.
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Vaganova, E. "REPRESENTATION OF A HEALTHY PERSON IN GERMAN AND ENGLISH PHRASEOLOGY." Scientific Notes of V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University. Philological sciences 10, no. 2 (2024): 143–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.29039/2413-1679-2024-10-2-143-159.
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The article provides a comparative study of German and English phraseological units with a zoonymic or phytonymic component representing a healthy person. The analysis is given according to the following two types of cultural codes: 1) zoonymic and 2) phytomorphic. Consideration of comparative phraseological units containing zoonyms and phytonyms in the context of culture allows us to determine the general and the specific in the imaginative thinking of the Germans and the British about health, to explain the peculiarity of their functioning. Studying phraseological units within the framework of the linguistic and cultural paradigm is considered relevant since the zoomorphic and phytomorphic images underlying the formation of phraseological units are the conductors of culture. They transmit valuable information about the geographical and climatic living conditions of a particular ethnic group that helps to identify ethnocultural stereotypes and standards reflecting the collective view of the most valuable human being that is health. Moreover, the very trope (tropeic) essence of a phraseological unit is born from a combination of cultural codes, which are the structure-forming elements of cultural space and are present in the cognitive base of any linguistic and cultural community.
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Kolpenova, А. К., and E. Zh Omirbayev. "The Semantic Transformation: Secret of Numbers in Kazakh and Turkish Phraseological Units." Iasaýı ýnıversıtetіnіń habarshysy 126, no. 4 (2022): 52–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.47526/2022-4/2664-0686.05.
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The article studies meanings of phraseological units with digit components in Kazakh and Turkish languages. It states that in the background value which is to be a prototype of phraseological meaning, there lays emic truth, and meanings of «holiness» and «sacredness» are one of the characteristics of this truth. Taking this theory into account, the article aims to discover the sacral and symbolic meaning of numbers in numeric units, and introduce phraseological units as cultural and semantical structures distinguishing their comparative features which appear out of traversal of number and value, also to define commonality, peculiarity and uniqness in common Turkic semantic environment. The object of research are mainly figurative phraseological units since the peculiar features of phraseological units are defined through inner form of image. There are not any phraseological units with image of «zero» in Kazakh language, and only 2–3 phrases in Turkish. Interpreting their meanings it can be concluded that «zero» has typical characteristics of latency and potentiality. Analyzing phraseological units with digit components in two languages it was discovered that there are a lot of phrases with number «one» in Turkish language. Phraseological units in two languages with one or different images, but which have the same meaning are compared. It was concluded that comparative semantics − the synthesis of value and number, is formed in phraseological units with number «two». These structures which have qualitative semantics are inferred to be main linguistic indicators carrying out all three uses of language, showing the characteristics of Turkic semantic environment, and ethnocultural unit which collects information.
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Гармаш, Дарья. "Phraseological representation of HONESTY in English and Russian worldviews." Bulletin of the Donetsk National University. Series D: Philology and Psychology 6 (December 18, 2024): 125–35. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14514130.
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The article addresses similarities and differences of phraseological verbalization of the notion <em>honesty</em> in English and Russian. The topicality of the study can be accounted for by linguocultural and comparative approaches to the analysis of the semantic features of phraseological units representing the notion <em>honesty</em> in English and Russian. The convergences manifest themselves in such semantic features as “honesty regarded as a quality of a person”, “honest attitude to something, honest behavior”, “assurance of integrity”. The divergences concern the fact that different semantic features are characterized by the highest degree of nominative density. In English it is the semantic feature “directness, straightforwardness, truthfulness, sincerity”, and in Russian it is the semantic feature “truth and truthfulness”. The semantic feature “generosity, hospitality” is observed only in the meaning of English phraseological units. In Russian, unlike English, phraseological antonyms turn out to be more numerous.
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Grechneva, Larisa Vsevolodovna, and Elizaveta Nikolaevna Shulyak. "Characteristics of representation of cultural code as part of phraseological units with components “home”, “family” in Russian and Chinese languages." Vestnik of Astrakhan State Technical University 2022, no. 1 (2022): 70–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.24143/1812-9498-2022-1-70-75.
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Phraseologism as a linguoculturological phenomenon is a linguomethodologically significant phenomenon still interesting to linguists. The multiaspect studying the specificity of phraseological units is one of the main tasks of modern phraseology. Phraseological units are the prism of the language picture of the world of any nation and reflect both its spiritual and material components. Phraseological units, being nationally oriented units, are spe-cific. Both in Russian and in Chinese, phraseological units have their own cultural, linguistic and social characteristics. There are submitted for consideration the phraseological units that characterize the concepts of home, family in Russian and Chinese as a completely special cultural code through which specific meanings are transmitted. The connection of phraseology and cultural code is obvious, because culture, language and society are the main “spokesmen”, components of the national spirit. The cultural code is a key link in the interpretation of a phraseological unit, taking into account the national, cultural and linguistic features of the concept. On the material of the Russian and Chinese languages, we note the national and cultural specifics, in the selected phraseological units, we find such cultural settings that are initially present in the internal content of the form, Russian and Chinese phraseological turns, we determine their value content, we also give examples of the explication of cultural meanings, phraseological units in the process their perception by carriers. Despite the incompatibility of the language pictures of the world in Russian and Chinese languages, there can be found correspondences in the internal content of a phraseological unit based on linguocultural, comparative analysis or, on the contrary, its complete non-equivalence. The results 
 of the study are further intended to contribute to the development of the study of national and cultural specifics 
 of phraseological units
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Grechneva, Larisa Vsevolodovna, and Elizaveta Nikolaevna Shulyak. "Characteristics of representation of cultural code as part of phraseological units with components “home”, “family” in Russian and Chinese languages." Vestnik of Astrakhan State Technical University 2022, no. 1 (2022): 70–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.24143/1812-9498-2022-1-70-75.
Full textAbstract:
Phraseologism as a linguoculturological phenomenon is a linguomethodologically significant phenomenon still interesting to linguists. The multiaspect studying the specificity of phraseological units is one of the main tasks of modern phraseology. Phraseological units are the prism of the language picture of the world of any nation and reflect both its spiritual and material components. Phraseological units, being nationally oriented units, are spe-cific. Both in Russian and in Chinese, phraseological units have their own cultural, linguistic and social characteristics. There are submitted for consideration the phraseological units that characterize the concepts of home, family in Russian and Chinese as a completely special cultural code through which specific meanings are transmitted. The connection of phraseology and cultural code is obvious, because culture, language and society are the main “spokesmen”, components of the national spirit. The cultural code is a key link in the interpretation of a phraseological unit, taking into account the national, cultural and linguistic features of the concept. On the material of the Russian and Chinese languages, we note the national and cultural specifics, in the selected phraseological units, we find such cultural settings that are initially present in the internal content of the form, Russian and Chinese phraseological turns, we determine their value content, we also give examples of the explication of cultural meanings, phraseological units in the process their perception by carriers. Despite the incompatibility of the language pictures of the world in Russian and Chinese languages, there can be found correspondences in the internal content of a phraseological unit based on linguocultural, comparative analysis or, on the contrary, its complete non-equivalence. The results 
 of the study are further intended to contribute to the development of the study of national and cultural specifics 
 of phraseological units
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Oleh, Tyshchenko, and Koshelkova Evgeniia. "Types of Interlingual Equivalents of Phraseological Units and Metaphors in Literary Translation." Arab World English Journal For Translation and Literary Studies 7, no. 2 (2023): 16–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.24093/awejtls/vol7no2.2.
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In the following research, the types of interlingual phraseological equivalents, similes, and some metaphors in the novels of Turgenev Rudin and A Nest of the Gentry are studied from the perspective of their structure, semantics, and origin; attention is paid to differences related to the specifics of realia and lacunae translation (when reproduced in Slovak and English). We focus on biblical and ancient phraseology, aphorisms, catchphrases, allusions, reminiscences, and similes, which are translated in different ways. Based on the theory of equivalence in general and the translation of idioms in the fiction text, and the principle of structural-semantic modeling and variability of phraseological units, analogs and partial equivalents are analyzed from the point of existing lexical-grammatical and stylistic differences and formal-semantic transformations. The latter is a sign of the specific idiostyle and individual writer’s manner of Turgenev. When the original phraseological unit is translated without noticeable emotional and expressive connotations with the help of metaphors or a free word combination, or when, on the contrary, a free word combination or metaphor is replaced by a phraseological equivalent, various cases of transfer, reproduction of figurative and expressive means, and literary and lexical tropes are distinguished. In the meantime, the original phraseological unit may correspond to a comparative phrase during translation.
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Moradi, Maryam. "Phraseological units of the semantic field “Organs of the human body” in Persian and ways of their translation into Russian." Bulletin of Chelyabinsk State University 483, no. 1 (2024): 12–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.47475/1994-2796-2024-483-1-12-21.
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The article considers the semantic field “Organs of the human body” and presents a comparative analysis of some important somatic phraseological units of the Persian and Russian languages. Semantic, syntactic and morphological features of the components in each phraseological unit are studied, the similarities and differences between the correlates in Russian and Persian are established. Among the methods used are the semantic and descriptive methods for the identification and description of the phraseological units, comparison and contrast. It was found that in most cases the phraseological units lack precise equivalents and lend themselves to descriptive translation — 7 cases. Translation by analogy (“functional analogues”) is constituted by 7 cases, 8 cases reveal partial equivalence. 2 more examples are an example of synonymous translation in combination with deidiomatization and an example of translation by the equivalent. The results of the work done can be applied in classes of Russian lexicology in order to familiarize Iranian students studying Russian as a foreign language with different methods of translating phraseological units.
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Abdullaeva, Ch. "Comparative Linguacultural Study of Phraseological Units With the 'Color blue' Component in English, Russian and Uzbek Languages as a Reflection of National Specificity." Bulletin of Science and Practice 6, no. 1 (2020): 367–74. https://doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/50/46.
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This article is concerned with the problem of national and cultural specifics of Phraseological Units, with the component of color. An object of a research is Phraseological Units with a component of color blue / синий / кўк in the English, Russian and Uzbek languages. A subject of research — national and cultural features of phraseological units with the component of color in English, Russian and Uzbek languages.
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Perepadia, Daria, and Yulia Malakhova. "CHINESE AND JAPANESE PHRASEOLOGISMS: A COMPARATIVE ASPECT." Fìlologìčnì traktati 15, no. 2 (2023): 120–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/ftrk.2023.15(2)-13.
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The article is devoted to the study of the phraseological fund of the Chinese and Japanese languages, in particular to the comparative analysis of phraseological units from the point of view of their form, structure, features of drawing hieroglyphic signs, semantics and national-cultural components contained in them. The national-cultural specificity of the Chinese and Japanese phraseology is closely related to the characteristic features of the people’s consciousness, the relationship between the language and thinking, the language and culture, therefore the main research approach is primarily comparative, linguistic and cultural. The work examines the development of the Chinese language and culture on the formation and development of the phraseological system of the Japanese language, outlines the relationship between the Chinese and the Japanese idioms. A comparison of the forms of drawing hieroglyphs represents changes in the writing systems of the Chinese and Japanese languages, caused by the historical processes of the development of both languages. The diversity of language habits is reflected in the change in the order of words in a phraseological unit in the Japanese language while preserving the original meaning of the Chinese original source. A number of Japanese idioms borrowed from the Chinese language demonstrate the process of adaptation to the features of the Japanese language, which is determined by the change of certain components in the structure of the phraseology. Despite the close ties and borrowing of elements of the Chinese language and culture, the Japanese language has created its own, purely Japanese, phraseological units that contain national and cultural components that reproduce elements of the people’s lifestyle, customs and historical facts. The composition, structure, national and cultural connotation of the actual Japanese idioms distinguish them from idioms built with the norms of the wenyan, the classical Chinese language. They came from the Chinese language and then became entrenched in the language and consciousness of the Japanese people.
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Razdorskaya, Olyesya. "LEXICOLOGICAL ASPECT OF TEACHING BILINGUAL TURKIC LANGUAGE SPEAKING STUDENTS." KutBilim Sosyal Bilimler ve Sanat Dergisi 4, no. 1 (2025): 76–83. https://doi.org/10.58642/kutbilim.1529292.
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Bilingual students that speak Russian and one of the Turkic languages study at many Russian medical universities. The objective of this research is to show the experience of educational activities organized for the improvement of studying English by the bilingual students. For example, the speakers of Kumyk language join the students’ scientific society of the Department of Foreign Languages of Kursk State Medical University. The teacher encourages them to make comparative research of the medical vocabulary in English and their native language. The analysis of the medical vocabulary of the Kumyk language showed that it is mainly represented by the names of body parts. The students find Kumyk phraseological units, which contain somatonyms, i.e. words denoting body parts, and compare them with the English phraseological units. For example, Kumyk phraseological unit къара юрек (black heart) and English idiom black hearted have the same meaning an evil person. Students also make comparative analysis of the Kumyk and English proverbs with somatonyms to find out the proverbs with the same meaning, e.g. “Юрекге гелген сёз башына да гелир” and ‘What the heart thinks the tongue speaks’. The comparative analysis of Kumyk and English phraseological units and proverbs helps to establish a significant commonality of the native languaculture and the languaculture of the foreign language being studied. It promotes memorizing English medical vocabulary by the students and formation of analytical thinking.
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Pyskach, Olha, Olha Trebyk, Valentyna Drobotenko, Tetiana Nedashkivska, and Olena Tymchuk. "Phraseological Units with a Numeral Component in English and Ukrainian: A Comparative Aspect." World Journal of English Language 13, no. 5 (2023): 527. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/wjel.v13n5p527.
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It has been proven that phraseology is a linguistic science of phraseological units, which are stable, differently shaped units of language with a fixed meaning, constant composition, and indecomposable structure. Phraseology covers both a set of expressive means of language that are equivalent to words and a special language level whose units are not equivalent to words but only correlate with them. This understanding of a phraseological unit allows us to include in phraseology many clichés inherent in different literary styles, as well as literary quotations, catchphrases, folk proverbs, and sayings. However, such a definition of phraseology is not rigid enough, since it does not consider the structural and semantic differences between all types of phraseological units. It has been proven that phraseological units with numerals as secondary units represent deviations from the traditional structure and semantics of the original word combinations. The study of surface and deep structures is relevant, given the current importance of cognitive research and the explication of the nature of the human factor. Recognition of cognitive significance is quite relevant for their adequate reproduction in the target languages. They are characterized by linguistic stability and formal and semantic integrity. These units belong to linguistic constructions with the appropriate structure, semantics, and pragmatics. In contrast to variable phrases, these polysemous units are marked by bipolarity - open processes of convergence and divergence.
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Adakhamjonova, Mavzunabegim Bakhtiyor kizi, and Muhammadjon Arabovich Abduvaliyev. "LINGUOCULTUROLOGICAL AND STRUCTURAL-SEMANTIC ASPECTS OF PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS WITH THE ZOONYM (DOG) COMPONENTS IN ENGLISH AND UZBEK LANGUAGES." International journal of advanced research in education, technology and management 2, no. 3 (2023): 44–54. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7726447.
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this article devoted to the analysis of linguoculturological and structural-semantic features of the phraseological units with zoonyms (dog/it) components. These phraseological units make up semantic fields related to the myths, legends, stories, history and culture. They have a great place in the life and lifestyle of people and the history of the ancient world, which are simple to us when we express their meaning, valuable information by combing them observed. The interest in such phraseological units appeared that compounds with zoonym components reflect some aspects of animals in human behavior. The theoretical aspect of the article is that the semantic properties of the studied phraseological units have a significant similarities and dissimilarities justified by the use of numerous examples in the selected languages. One of the main goals of the article is to create a semantic classification of phraseological units with a zoonym component and to clarify their linguocultural aspects. The research is mainly based on following methods, one of them is descriptive (descriptions) method and comparative (isomorphism and allomorph-ism) and also cross-cultural analysis are deeply used.
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SYRITSA, Galina. "ANTROPOMORPHIC CODE IN PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS WITH NUMERAL COMPONENT." Ezikov Svyat (Orbis Linguarum) 18, no. 1 (2020): 18–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.37708/ezs.swu.v18i1.2.
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The article deals with phraseological units with numeral component in the Russian, Latvian, Polish and German languages in a comparative aspect. In the phraseological units with numeral component different codes are reflected: zoomorphic, spatial, mythological, etc. The zoomorphic code is reflected in the phraseological units with zoonyms, the spatial code is associated with the "numeral" representation of a particular object (or situation) and the mythological code is associated with the symbolism of the number. A special place is taken by the anthropomorphic code, which is represented primarily by somatisms in the component structure of phraseological units. They convey anthropomorphic actions for which the semantics of the numeral is significant. The universality of the anthropomorphic code lies in the fact that in different languages there are equivalent phraseological units, as well as similar models and identical inner form, which provide the basis of the phraseological unit. A large group is formed by the phraseological units with component two encoding paired human organs (two eyes, two ears,two hands, two legs), as well as with component five (five fingers). Imagery in phraseological units with initial numbers of counting (one, two, three) is based on actualization of simplicity semantics. In the phraseological units with numeral component, imagery is often based on the use of the stylistic figures of litote or hyperbole, euphemisms, and rhymed structures. In litote components one, two, three are most often used. The numbers two and three bear hyperbolic semantics. The numeral component in phraseology has linguocultural specificity and can vary in different languages.
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Wang, Jing. "Phraseological units with the semantics of "human character" in Russian and Chinese." Litera, no. 3 (March 2024): 11–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-8698.2024.3.70072.
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The object of this research is the phraseological field with the semantics of "human character" as a fragment of the linguistic picture reflecting the peculiarities of perception of the world by native speakers of Russian and Chinese languages. The subject of the study is national peculiarities and common features of cultural components of the meaning of phraseological units about human character in the Russian and Chinese languages. In the first part of the article, the author gives a brief description of the theoretical understanding of phraseology as a phenomenon of Russian and Chinese linguistics, draws parallels between the concepts of phraseological unit and chengyu, comparing the key characteristics of the two terms and specifying the subject of research. Having defined the theoretical boundaries of the concept of phraseology, the author of the article systematizes the research material in accordance with the semantic features. The second part of the study is devoted to the comparative linguistic, cultural and semantic analysis of phraseological units expressing the "character of a person" in Russian and Chinese. Methods of classification, lexico-semantic analysis, linguistic and cultural analysis, comparison, generalization are used. The sample of the study includes 400 phraseological units about the character of a person (200 Russian and 200 Chinese), which were studied using quantitative and qualitative methods of analysis. The research contributes to the study of linguistic and cultural peculiarities of the perception of human character by representatives of Russian and Chinese cultures. The scientific novelty of the article lies in the application of comparative lexico-semantic and linguistic-cultural analysis to phraseological units with the meaning of "human character". Russian and Chinese studies of the quantitative correlation of phraseological and semantic groups in the phraseological field with the semantics of "human character" in Russian and Chinese, as well as the identification of cultural and historical features and patterns in the perception of human character traits in the Russian and Chinese language worldviews, revealed the presence of a universal and specific perception of human character. All this made it possible to establish a connection between different historical and social development, the influence of different religious and philosophical teachings in Russia and China, and the perception of human character reflected in the corresponding fragment of the phraseological field.
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Чернецька, Н. В. "Colour names in the structure of phraseological units in Spanish and Ukrainian." Studia Philologica, no. 10 (2018): 29–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.28925/2311-2425.2018.10.4.
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Phraseological units which include colour names in Spanish language are investigated. The author analyses how color terms may influence on the total meaning of a phraseological unit. The article deals with the national cultural component “colour” in the phraseological units in Spanish language. The subject of the research determines the application of the comparative method. In this connection we use the linguistic facts of some national variants in Spanish language as well as in Ukrainian language. The results of the article confirm the forming of the national symbolism of colour in Spanish under the influence of the extralinguistic factors, transforming the colour into the national cultural component. The research materials and results can be applied in the sphere of such contiguous disciplines as intercultural communication, linguistics, translation theory and practice, studying Spanish by Ukrainian-speaking students, as well as in writing test books and other teaching material on lexicology. Research of colour names in Spanish language with its comparison with Ukrainian colour names shows that phraseological units with colour names are characterized with some similarity. Phraseological knowledge facilitates the reading of political essays as well as works of literature. The process of thinking in the educational progress cannot be overrated. In this learning the images are the material for solving the tasks. These images are phraseological units with colour names. They are the means of figurative images of ambient reality and simultaneously they enrich the intellect and spiritual inner awarenesses of an individual.
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Tkachenko, H., and I. Korotkevych. "BIBLCAL UNITS IN THE BELARUSIAN AND UKRAINIAN PHRASEOLOGY: A COMPARATIVE ASPECT." Comparative studies of Slavic languages and literatures. In memory of Academician Leonid Bulakhovsky, no. 35 (2019): 123–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2075-437x.2019.35.12.
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The article is a comparative analysis of phraseologisms of biblical origin in the Belarusian and Ukrainian languages. The impact of the Bible as a memorial to the world culture and a source of aphorisms and idioms is underlined. The general description of phraseological units, their use in the Belarusian and Ukrainian languages, as well as the features of phraseologism as a linguistic unit are covered.The article evaluates the classification of biblical phraseological units and analyzes the role of these units in the world of phraseologies. National language is an important part of the spiritual culture of every nation. And its units, such as phraseologisms, have long been a powerful means of knowing life, they truly reflect the thoughts, aspirations and hopes of the people, contribute to the cultivation of aesthetic tastes and ideals. It is they who have absorbed all the vital wisdom of the Belarussian and Ukrainian peoples, have been able to reflect their worldview in the smallest detail and are still widely used both in speech and in literature.
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Ļaučuka, Aleksandra. "Models for Translation of Idioms: Aspects of Deficit." Vārds un tā pētīšanas aspekti: rakstu krājums = The Word: Aspects of Research: conference proceedings, no. 26 (November 23, 2022): 277–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.37384/vtpa.2022.26.277.
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This article aims to conceptualize the models of phraseological translation based on the theory of linguistic deficit. These models were constructed in the framework of research on the phraseological unit deficit in fiction translated from French into Latvian. The models are based on the properties of idioms and therefore are universal rather than language-specific. The research was conducted on a parallel corpus of 927 phraseological units and their corresponding translations. The models of phraseological translation reflect properties of idioms that were lost or preserved in translation. There are four such properties – polylexicality, stability, figurative meaning, and imagery. Mathematical combinatorics furnishes 16 possible models, but when linguistic limitations are considered, only 11 models are productive. Using the methods of semantic analysis and statistics, the comparative frequencies of translation models and types of translatory decisions were generalized. Despite the fact that, according to the results of the study, the highest-deficit equivalents are the most frequent (46.4%), the data show that even in a pair of remotely related languages, the potential for having full or almost deficit-free phraseological equivalents is significant (34.7%). The conclusion also highlights ways to minimize the translation deficit through more extensive use of borrowings, collocations, metaphors, and co-creation methods. The proposed models present an exhaustive classification that describes the possible translatory solutions and deficit combinations and helps to better understand the deficit patterns in translated fiction.
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Danylenko, Iuliia. "Phraseological units with a numerical component hundred in Ukrainian and Chinese." 93, no. 93 (December 22, 2023): 64–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.26565/2227-1864-2023-93-09.
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Intermedial The article is devoted to a comparative analysis of Ukrainian and Chinese phraseological units with the numerical component hundred as a component of the concept “all”. A holistic and exhaustive linguoculturological study of the concept “all”on the basis of phraseological units of the Chinese and Ukrainian languages has not been carried out, that determines the relevance of the article. The purpose of the article is to clarify and detail some aspects of the language representation of the concept “all” on the material of two languages. The paper describes the role of numbers in traditional Chinese culture; certain structural and cultural features of phraseological units in the Chinese language are determined; identified, classified, analyzed and compared phraseological units with the component “hundred” in the Ukrainian and Chinese languages. The results of the study provide grounds for clarifying the content of the concept “all”. The numerative hundred is a productive component of Chinese phraseological units, in which it can be a temporal indicator, the embodiment of the idea of diversity. Structural features of Chinese phraseological units: PU with different semantics and connotative colouring have the same negative structure; within one unit, the numeratives 1–100 are contrasted, the numeral hundred is doubled, the numeratives hundred and thousand are used. The equivalents of Ukrainian phraseological units with the numerical component one hundred were found in Chinese. In Ukrainian and Chinese cultures some emotional and evaluative components are similar: negative (submission, sadness, indifference to life), positive (invincibility, value of a specialist). In Chinese most phraseological units with a numerical component hundred are used to characterize a certain state of a person, particular phenomena. The study of phraseological units in Ukrainian and Chinese will deepen the content of the concept “all” in the language picture of the world. The research results can be used in the process of compiling phraseological Ukrainian-Chinese dictionaries and in the practice of studying both languages.
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Sabirova, Madina, Tolkyn Kalibekuly, and Raushan Jeldybayeva. "Linguocultural aspect of phraseological units (Guanyongyu) in modern Chinese language." Global Chinese 10, no. 2 (2024): 155–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/glochi-2024-0016.
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Abstract The relevance of this study is primarily due to the constant influence of extra-linguistic factors (cultural, historical, and technological) on intralinguistic ones (plan of expression, semantics) in the modern Chinese phraseological picture of the world. The purpose of this study was to identify the main linguocultural features of Guanyongyu through the study of lexico-semantic and stylistic relations. The methods used in this study included analytical-synthetic, lexico-semantic, pragmatic, linguocultural, and statistical analyses. The key features of the group of Chinese phraseological units called Guanyongyu were indicated in the study: preservation of the connection between semantic components and the integral meaning of the phraseological unit, active structural transformations, use in everyday speech, 3 (rarely 4) syllable structure, high metaphoricity, and imagery. The study identified the following groups of “habitual expressions”: with somatic components, with metaphorical components, specifically with a zoonimic or botanical basis, as well as with key mythological or literary nominations. The study also considered different groups of phraseological units by stylistic colouring: negative, neutral, and positive. The analysis of phraseological units that emerged after the COVID-19 crisis showed that they usually had negative (more rarely positive) connotations and demonstrated the dominance of collective values over individual values. The following were identified as the main linguocultural features: negative connotations, satirical ridicule, use of somatic and zoonimic components, metaphorical transfers, dominance of the collective over the individual, connection with Chinese mythology, and literary images. In a further scientific perspective, this study can be used for comparative analysis of phraseological pictures of the world of different countries and nationalities and consideration of the basis of conceptualization through the analysis of cognitive aspects embedded in phraseological units.
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Бакина, Анна Дмитриевна. "The Problem of Variability in Biblical Phraseological Units." Tomsk state pedagogical university bulletin, no. 1(225) (January 30, 2023): 58–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.23951/1609-624x-2023-1-58-68.
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Проблема лингвистической вариативности остается актуальной вследствие динамичности развития национального языка. Исследование фразеологических единиц библейской этимологии в аспекте вариативности приобретает в последнее время все бóльшую значимость, поскольку отмечается факт широкой употребительности фразеологизмов, восходящих к библейским текстам и сюжетам, в разных видах дискурса. Разнообразие вариантов библейских фразеологизмов требует отслеживания, организации и структуризации типов их варьирования. Цель – выделение типов вариативности английских фразеологических единиц библейского происхождения. Теоретической основой исследования является фразеологическая концепция, выдвинутая А. В. Куниным. Материалом исследования послужили данные фразеологических словарей: 1) двуязычный «Англо-русский фразеологический словарь» А. В. Кунина, 2) «Англо-немецко-шведский словарь библейской фразеологии» Т. Н. Федуленковой и др., 3) многоязычный фразеологический словарь «Лепта библейской мудрости» З. К. Адамия и др. Анализируемые контексты, содержащие библейские фразеологические варианты, были отобраны в основном из Британского национального корпуса (British National Corpus) и новостного подкорпуса News on the Web. В качестве методов исследования были использованы метод фразеологической идентификации фразеологизмов, метод структурного, компонентного и вариативного анализа фразеологизмов, метод количественного анализа и метод контекстуального анализа. В итоге было выяснено, что наряду с языковой вариантностью фразеологическая вариативность есть результат естественного развития языка как системы. Вариантность библейских фразеологизмов не отождествляется с фразеологической синонимией. Анализ отобранных фразеологических единиц библейского происхождения позволил выделить следующие типы вариантов: простые варианты и сложные варианты (например, субстантивно-квантитативные варианты, адъективно-квантитативные варианты, вербально-квантитативные варианты) фразеологических единиц. Внутри каждой из предлагаемых групп возможно подразделение на узуальные и окказиональные варианты. Простые варианты представлены лексическими вариантами (включающими субстантивные варианты, препозитивные варианты, препозитивно-субстантивные варианты, атрибутивные варианты, глагольные варианты); грамматическими вариантами (включая морфологические варианты и морфолого-синтаксические варианты); квантитативными вариантами (с усечением и добавлением компонентов). Сокращенные части фразеологической единицы могут быть представлены тремя видами (усечение начальной части фразеологической единицы; усечение конечной части фразологизма; смешанное усечение). Выделена группа квантитативных компаративных вариантов, в которых первый союз в результате регулярного усечения становится факультативным, что приводит к появлению квантитативно-вариативных пар. Выделен тип смешанного варьирования, подразумевающий происхождение вариантов путем многократных изменений. Субстантивно-квантитативные варианты образуются путем изменения субстантивного компонента совместно с варьированием структуры фразеологической единицы за счет ее расширения переменным компонентом с предлогом. Адъективно-квантитативные варианты представлены таким набором фразеологических единиц, в которых наблюдается количественная вариантность за счет расширения компонентного состава фразеологической единицы, а также замены адъективного компонента. С помощью корпусных данных было успешно выявлено предпочтение носителями языка одних вариантов идиом другим. Вывод заключается в том, что исследуемые фразеологические единицы библейского происхождения не являются статичными, а представляют собой живые, постоянно изменяющиеся языковые единицы, широко используемые в современной английской речи. Более того, как простая, так и сложная вариативность компонентного состава данного фразеологизма не оказывает значительного влияния на инвариант значения фразеологической единицы. The problem of linguistic variability remains acute due to the dynamism of national language development. The study of phraseological units of biblical etymology in the aspect of their variability has recently become increasingly significant, as the fact of wide use of phraseological units derived from biblical texts and stories in various types of discourse is noted. The diversity of variants of biblical phrases requires identifying, organising and structuring the types of their variation. The aim of the research is to identify new variants of biblical phraseological units that are widely used in various discourse types (fiction, media, publicistic, historical, political). Contexts that verify the resulting data of the research were borrowed from the British National Corpus (BNC), News on the Web (NOW) and electronic dictionary Reverso Context (RC). Language material for the research was extracted out of 3 phraseological dictionaries: 1) the bilingual “English-Russian phraseological dictionary” by Alexander V. Kunin, 2) “English-German-Swedish Dictionary of Biblical Phraseology” by Tatyana N. Fedulenkova and others, 3) the multilingual phraseological dictionary “The Mite of Biblical Wisdom” by Zoya K. Adamia and others. The research methods, namely the method of the phraseological identification, the method of the structural and componential analysis, the method of the quantitative analysis and the method of contextual analysis, allow to analyse 350 phraseological units of biblical origin that are actively used in modern English and identify a set of variants that include both usual and occasional simple variants, i.e. lexical and grammatical, quantitative variants of phraseological units and mixed or complex variants of phraseological units. It was found out that along with linguistic variation, phraseological variation is the result of the natural development of language as a system. Variation of biblical phraseological units is not equaled to phraseological synonymy. The analysis of selected biblical phraseological units allowed us to identify the following types of variants: simple variants and complex variants (e.g. substantive-quantitative variants, adjectival-quantitative variants, verbal-quantitative variants) of phraseological units. Within each of the given groups, a division into usual and occasional variants is made. Simple variants are represented by lexical variants (including substantive variants, prepositional variants, prepositional-substantive variants, attributive variants, verbal variants); grammatical variants (including morphological variants and morpho-syntactical variants); quantitative variants (with truncation and addition of components). Truncated parts of a phraseological unit may be represented by three types (truncation of the initial part of the phraseological unit; truncation of the final part of the phraseological unit; mixed truncation). A group of quantitative comparative variants is distinguished, in which the first conjunction (as) as a result of regular truncation becomes optional, resulting in quantitative-variative pairs. A type of mixed variation has been identified, implying the origin of variants by multiple modifications. Substantive-quantitative variants are formed by changing the substantive component together with varying the structure of the phraseological unit by expanding it with a variable component with a preposition. Adjectival-quantitative variants are formed as the result quantitative variation (expansion of the structure of the phraseological unit) coupled with the replacement of the adjectival element. With the help of corpus data, the preference of native speakers for some variants of idioms over others was successfully revealed. The conclusion is made that the studied phraseological units borrowed from the Bible are not static, but are ‘living’, constantly changing language units, widely used in modern English speech. Moreover, both simple and complex variation in the component composition of a given phraseological unit has no significant impact on the invariant meaning of the phraseological unit.
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Sattarova, Saodat, Gulrukh Kudratova, Shuhrat Marupov, and Nargiza Tojiboeva. "Difficulties in mastering phraseological phrases and russian words by uzbek - speaking students." Общество и инновации 2, no. 10/S (2021): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.47689/2181-1415-vol2-iss10/s-pp1-5.
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The objective of the present work is to examine the linguistic-cultural characteristics of the phraseology units of the English and Uzbek languages in the classroom. The national-cultural specificity of phraseology units with animal names, geographical names, historical terms, national clothing, plant names, and opening colors is caused by linguistic and extra linguistic factors. As a result of comparative experience, the following types of phraseology unit translations are differentiated between English and Uzbek phraseology units: equivalence-based translation, file-based translation, and descriptive translation.
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Kozinets, Sergey B. "Zoonyms in the figurative space of the language: Metaphor, comparison, phraseological unit." Izvestiya of Saratov University. Philology. Journalism 22, no. 3 (2022): 254–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.18500/1817-7115-2022-22-3-254-260.
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This article discusses linguistic units which actualize the figurative potential of zoonyms (animalisms, animal names) – metaphors, comparisons, phraseological units. The purpose of this research is to establish the lexical and semantic features of the units included in the figurative field of zoonyms. The nuclear zone of the field includes the names of animals, birds, fish, insects, spiders and microorganisms; the circumnuclear zone contains the names of prehistoric animals, mythical and fabulous creatures; the peripheral zone includes the names of animal dwellings, premises for their keeping and breeding, names of objects for catching animals and restricting their movements, actions, designations of sounds made by animals, their movements. The analysis of the material made it possible to establish that in the overwhelming majority of cases, zoonyms in their figurative use serve to characterize a person (his appearance, character traits, behavioral characteristics, social status). Animalistic metaphor expands its space by means of derivative vocabulary, which includes words that acquire the meaning of the derivational base, derivatives with comparative semantics and word-formation metaphors. Constituting the core of the figurative field, animalistic metaphors, however, have less figurative potential than comparisons, since they name an object, feature or action directly, actualizing certain semes. Zoonyms usually have one or two metaphorical meanings, less often three. Comparisons, in many cases, point to very different aspects of the compared objects, so they are in many cases occasional.
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Orozova, A. K. "Phraseological units with the semantics of “evil” in Russian and Kyrgyz languages." Neophilology 11, no. 1 (2025): 183–93. https://doi.org/10.20310/2587-6953-2025-11-1-183-193.
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INTRODUCTION. The basic ethical idea of evil, which comes into opposition with good, is noted in human communities in different historical eras and in different cultures, which is reflected in such a linguistic unit as phraseology, which takes place in the vocabulary of a native speaker of any language. The purpose of the study is to present the results of a comparative analysis of Russian and Kyrgyz phraseological units with semantics of “evil”, to reveal the national and cultural specifics of the concept “evil” as an ethnically significant idea of the moral character of a person.MATERIALS AND METHODS. The research material is lexicographic sources and a card index compiled by the author based on observations of spontaneous speech and phrase use in live speech of speakers of Russian and Kyrgyz languages. Methods of continuous sampling of factual material, definition, and comparison are used; The main method is descriptive and analytical.RESULTS AND DISCUSSION. An analysis of the phraseological units of the Russian and Kyrgyz languages with the semantics of ruthlessness, cruelty and malice showed that they reflect not only the emotional aspects of human nature, but also the characteristics of cultures. The Kyrgyz language makes extensive use of artifacts such as “sword”, “whip”, “blood”, and “poison”, which convey complex human feelings and moral vices. To express negative qualities, somatic phraseological units are used; in the Russian language, phraseological units with zoonims predominate, objectifying the national traits themselves and linguistic and cultural significance. Phraseologisms with the semantics of the image of an evil person in the compared languages are characterized by a metaphorical component that reflects the nationally specific nature of native speakers.CONCLUSION. The analysis of phraseological units with the meaning of “evil” in Russian and Kyrgyz languages has revealed the influence of cultural characteristics on their semantics, imagery, and structure, reflecting the specifics of perceiving negative traits in each culture. The results of the study emphasize the importance of examining phraseological units to gain a deeper understanding of the historical and social experience of peoples, their mentality, and values. A promising direction for further research is the expansion of comparative analysis to include other languages and cultures in order to explore the universal and unique aspects of the perception of evil.
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Poluzhyn, Ivan. "COMPARATIVE AND CONFRONTATION APPROACH TO THE ANALYSIS OF INTERLANGUAGE PHRASEOLOGICAL CORRELATIONS." Naukovì zapiski Nacìonalʹnogo unìversitetu «Ostrozʹka akademìâ». Serìâ «Fìlologìâ» 1, no. 9(77) (2020): 60–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.25264/2519-2558-2020-9(77)-60-63.
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The article deals with the fact of late comparative and confrontation studies in the field of phraseology combine in themselves the whole complicated complex of culture and psychology of ethnos, f unique way of its figurative thinking. Therefore the problems of sphere search, points of different language contacts, their phraseological stocks provokes a significant interest of linguists today and envisages the necessity of a detailed description of both universal and individual possibilities of phrase functioning. The article accentuates the indisputable fact a comparative and confrontation method gives every possibility for a profound study of functioning specificity in a concrete language, to add available information by means of comparison and contrastive studies of language units. However, it is noted that at all preferencies of comparative and confrontation methods phraseology studies of nowadays face a number of difficulties which can be explained by the insufficient treatment of theoretical problems of phraseology and the lack of unanimous principles of lexicographic elaboration of phraseological stock of different languages in comparative and confrontation plane. Insufficient phrase semantics study finds its reflection in discrepancies, which occur in the issues of stock, limits and methods of studying comparative and confrontation phraseology from the point of view of lexicographic theory and practice. Till the present day the criteria of defining phraseological units have not yet been finally established, there is also lack of thoughts concerning categorical properties of this language unit. Taking into account aspect, functional and sense correlation between concrete phrasemes of Ukrainian and English enabled to propose the following qualitative types of interlanguage correlations: identity, lexical variability or structural synonymy, hypero-hyponymy, stylistical conclusion is drawn that practically the same qualitative types of semantic correlations are seen within each of the languages under investigation, however, with the difference that instead of direct identity of components and structure an indirect identity of their regular meanings is available and these correlations underlie the possibility of translating into another language.
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Tresorukova, Irina, and Alena Solovieva. "Features of the Substantive Model of a Simple Sentence Functioning in Phraseology of the Modern Greek Language." Philology & Human, no. 1 (February 27, 2022): 80–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/filichel(2022)1-06.
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The article describes Predicative Phraseological Units (PPhU) of the Modern Greek language, built according to the substantive model of a simple sentence. The authors analyze syntactic and semantic characteristics of the PPhU and propose their classification. Functional-communicative theory is used as a theoretical basis for the study. This theory offers a complex approach to the sentence as a unit, which allows one to evaluate sentences with PPhU taken together their form, meaning and function and to draw conclusions about their place in the language system. Тhe article studies the attitude of the PPhU of the Modern Greek language to reality and proves anthropocentrism which is inherent in most examples; make a comparative analysis of free constructions and sentences with PPhU and note both common features and some significant differences, proving the duality and asymmetry of the nature of PPhU comparing to their not phraseological analogues.
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YU, W. "“FACE” AS A MEANING OF ‘HIGH SELF-ESTEEM’ IN RUSSIAN AND CHINESE." Linguistics and Intercultural Communication 27, no. 1_2024 (2024): 141–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.55959/msu-2074-1588-19-27-1-10.
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This paper focuses on the comparative analysis of the linguistic means of expressing ‘high self-esteem’ with the unit ‘face’ on the basis of the analysis of lexemes, phraseological units, proverbs extracted from explanatory and phraseological dictionaries of the Russian and Chinese languages. The methods used in the study include descriptive analytical method, definition, comparative analysis. The authors introduce the results of the research revealing that in both languages one of the meanings of the word “face” is associated with high self-esteem. But the difference is that in the 16-18 centuries in Russian the meaning of ‘face’ included ‘dignity, honor’, which is the key concept of ‘high self-esteem’, however, now this meaning is fixed only in Russian idioms. The word “face” in Chinese can express a whole range of meanings: ‘self-esteem’, ‘the desire to have a positive public opinion of oneself’, ‘the desire to achieve success in order to occupy a higher position in society’ . It not only includes the semantic component ‘dignity’, but also the additional meaning ‘vanity’ . Thus, “face” in modern Chinese is one of the most important means of expressing a person’s high self-esteem.
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Kaskova, Margarita E., Olga V. Ustinova, and Elizaveta K. Bolshakova. "Phraseological Units with the Word “Bread” in Russian, Frenchand Italian Linguocultures." RUDN Journal of Language Studies, Semiotics and Semantics 11, no. 2 (2020): 319–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-2299-2020-11-2-319-329.
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Language is not only a means of communication between people, but also the cultural memory of the speakers of this language. We believe that in linguistic units there is cultural information that indicates the existence of a category that correlates language and culture, and makes it possible to describe their interaction. A way of verbalizing a culture using linguistic signs is called cultural connotation. Cultural categories are a kind of stereotypes, symbols, standards, mythologemes, archetypes, rituals and other signs of both national and universal culture. The linguistic picture of the world is one of the key concepts that characterize the peculiarity of the relationship between people and the world around them, because “captures a certain image of the world, which is never a mirror image of the world”. The national specificity is revealed in phraseology most of all. It is the phraseological composition of the language that most fully reflects the features of speech behavior, the specificity of the national mentality, manifested through cultural codes. The phraseological image is essential in modeling the linguistic picture of the world of a particular people. In this article, the subject of research are Russian, French and Italian phraseological units with the word “bread” from the point of view of linguoculturology, which allows us to identify the national-cultural identity of the phraseological units under consideration. We believe that the internal form of the phraseological unit contains a certain cultural code, that is, with the help of phraseological units it is possible to characterize representatives of one or another nationality. The subject of this article is a comparative analysis of phraseological units that have the word “bread” as the main component. The object of research is the features of the use of this word as a fragment of the lexical and phraseological systems of the Russian, French and Italian languages. The article compares phraseological units with the “bread” component, which historically goes back to free phrases, analyzes the processes of rethinking both the whole expression and its components. Using the example of phraseological units, we will analize how the lexeme “bread” loses its literal meaning “food” and acquires a new content, introducing new meaning into the semantic structure of the phraseological phrase. The problem under study is very relevant, because it is caused by the growing interest in modern linguistics to study of the mechanisms of secondary nomination in different languages and the identification on the material of phraseological units of specific features of verbal thinking and perception of the surrounding reality by language groups.
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ADAMIA, Zoia, Manana SHELIA, and Maia MARHANIA. "COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF BIBLICAL PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS WITH BLUE AND GREEN COLOUR COMPONENTS (on the example of English, Russian and Georgian)." Науковий вісник Ужгородського університету. Серія Філологія 2, no. 44 (2020): 17–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2663-6840.2020.2.(44).17-27.
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Language as an important part of culture reflects our reality and interprets it, creating the reality in which we live. It expresses mentality of the nation, views of peoples in the world and is closely related to the history, culture and traditions of different countries.The study of language is provided within many different disciplinary areas and from different theoretical angles, all of which inform modern approaches to linguistics.Echoes of previous years remain today in proverbs, sayings, phraseological units, metaphors, culture symbols, etc. Lan- guage learning is a natural creative process.A study and analysis of words cannot be done without the consideration of various features and linguistic theories. Language attracts people’s attention because of the wealth literature and knowledge enshrined in it. As is known EnglishRussian and Georgian are considered as one of the most vital universal languages in the world. Nothing defines a culture as distinctly as its language, and the element of language that best encapsulates a society’s values and beliefs is its proverbs. Proverbial expressions are still very much alive in everyday languages, and the daily conversation would seem rather dull without them. Biblical proverbs and sayings are the wisdom of thought.Although English, Russian and Georgian belong to a family of different languages and systematically differs from each other, it is interesting to make comparative analysis of different lexical and phraseological units.There are countless colours in nature. Colour is a physical, psychological, and linguistic phenomenon and a subject of analysis in many sciences, a component of many arts playing a great role in the life of society. The lexical group of colour designation is significant in creation and expression of a language picture.The notion of colour is multifaceted, complex in its structure. It expresses not only visual perception but also connotative meanings. The diversity of the meanings of colors is due to the history of the development of states, religions and traditions. A colour palette has been reflected in mythology, legends, fairy tales, customs and various religious or mystical teachings.In this paper, we aimed at discussing the phenomenon of blue and green colours, which has a wide range of nominal po- tential and semantic ambiguity. They are the most conservative colours in the spectrum, perceived in both human consciousness and languages with a wide range of symbolic meanings.In linguistics, the study of colour concepts in different languages has a long tradition, presented by lots of publications. People can look at the same subject but perceive its colour differently. Colour terms differ across languages and the differences have been viewed through the prism of culture.A phraseological unit is more complex and multi-dimensional space, as far as the language reveals its possibilities most in phraseological units. As language is a meaning of expressing thoughts, any linguistic unit (a word, phrase, saying ...) should be considered in context.In our paper we have attempted to present phraseological units in three languages adapting bible words and expressions that made them own language property. Thus, it should be noted that phraseological units make the concentrated wisdom of all nations. They have certain pure linguistic features showing powerful universal and actually national culturological and lan- guage capacity. As far as we understand, phraseological units have their own connotative fields, analysing expressions with the above mentioned colours in the given languages, we can see that the connotative fields of the colours are not always integral. Life of biblical expressions in the modern European languages convincingly testifies to imperishability of spirit and a letter of the Book of books.Comparative approach allows receiving information on similarity or distinction of colour concepts in different languages, national and specific, lingvocultural peculiarities, conceptual models of vision of the world and interpretations in separate languages.
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Рамирес Родригес, Пабло. "On the nature of the behavior of phraseological collocations and idiomatic expressions in Spanish." Человек и культура, no. 3 (March 2022): 83–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-8744.2022.3.35516.
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The article is devoted to the problems of identification of idiomatic expressions in the field of phraseology. Based on the concept of phraseology, she studies linguistic units characterized by fixed and reproducible combinations of words in speech. Idiomatic stable expressions in the phraseological sphere are phraseological units of the language system with the following distinctive features: internal fixation, semantic unit and external fixation. Most of the idioms that are presented in the work consist of commonly used words of the Spanish language, although some of them include diacritical words or a certain structural anomaly. It is also important to take into account the special influence of these phraseological units on the overall structure of the conversation, primarily on argumentation, as well as on their pragmatic binding function. In this paper, special attention is paid to the pragmatic component. When a speaker uses one of these phraseological units, he makes an assessment, and the consequence of this assessment is an expressive shade of phraseological units. Within a group of idioms, it is usually recognized that verbal idioms constitute a subgroup whose components differ in that they are formed by a verb and a number of fixed additions, as well as in that their behavior in speech is similar to that of simple verbs. Taking into account the formal and semantic characteristics of verbal idioms with a collocation base, it can be noted that noun + verb or article + noun + verb collocations are a productive source of verbal idioms, since in the process of metaphorization they become verbal idioms that acquire idiomatic meaning. The given comparative classification of verb stable expressions allows us to conclude that verb idioms are actually complex collocations endowed with idiomaticity, used to emphasize colloquial speech.
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Asabina, А. А. "Role of pragmatic potential of phraseological units in the realization of cognitive models of situations." Vestnik of Samara University. History, pedagogics, philology 28, no. 2 (2022): 152–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.18287/2542-0445-2022-28-2-152-159.
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This article is devoted to the study of the role of pragmatic potential of phraseological units in the realization of cognitive models of situations. The timeliness of this work consists in the absence at the moment of information about the components of cognitive models of situations that can be most effectively used by the authors of articles to realize their pragmatic intentions through the pragmatic potential of phraseological units. The purpose of the study is to determine the components of cognitive models of situations that are actualized and brought to the fore through the pragmatics of phraseological units in the texts of the English-language media discourse, the reasons for the actualization of precisely these components of cognitive models of situations, as well as to establish what pragmatic goals of the authors this is due. To achieve it, the author has set the following tasks: sampling phraseological units from the English-language media discourse, drawing up schemes of cognitive models of situations, determining which component of the cognitive model is actualized with the help of a phraseological unit. The material for the analysis was articles from the British newspaper The Times dated May 22, 2021. The author of the article uses various methods: descriptive, contextual analysis, comparative, methods of observation, content analysis and discourse analysis. The study uses the linguistic concept of T.A. Van Dijk, which includes the analysis of the cognitive model of the situation and the allocation of its individual components: participants, their actions, circumstances and other components were identified. The analysis made it possible to identify the component action of cognitive models, which in most examples is brought to the fore through the pragmatics of FE, as well as to determine the cause of this phenomenon.
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Анісімова, А., and Л. Репп. "THE CONCEPTS HEART AND SOUL IN THE UKRAINIAN PHRASEOLOGICAL WORLDVIEW." Journal “Ukrainian sense”, no. 2 (February 22, 2022): 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/462113.
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Abstract 
 Background. The article deals with the concepts heart and soul in the Ukrainian phraseological worldview. Despite the fact that there are a lot of studies dedicated to the problem of concept the topic of investigation is still of paramount relevance as the matter of concept is of great popularity these days. 
 Purpose of the research is to shed some light on the issue of the concepts and reveal the cognitive features of the concepts which are under research. The objectives of the research are to analyze the concepts heart and soul in the Ukrainian phraseological worldview, find out their distinctive cognitive features and reveal differences between cognitive features of the studied concepts.
 Methods. To reach the aim of the research the following methods were used: the descriptive method, the comparative analysis, the constructive method, the cognitive analysis.
 Results. The conducted investigation of the concepts heart and soul shows that both concepts heart and soul possess nine different cognitive features, which depict mostly different feelings and emotions a human being can have in some life situations: 1) character traits, human temperament; 2) feelings of anxiety, worry; 3) feelings of joy, happiness, elation; 4) feelings of sadness, grief, pity, sorrow, emotional suffering, torment; 5) feeling of indifference; 6) feeling of death; 7) feeling of fear or fright; 8) hospitality, generosity, sincerity; 9) feelings of love and affection. 
 Discussion. The concepts heart and soul verbalized by the phraseological units are widely used in the Ukrainian language and express a wide range of meanings, connected with the emotional and psychological state of a person and the qualitative and evaluative characteristics of a person, both positive and negative. The research proves that the concepts heart and soul verbalized by phraseological units play a leading role in the Ukrainian phraseology.
 Keywords: concept, heart, soul, phraseological unit, worldview, the Ukrainian language.
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Chanvan, S. "The semantic volume of the phraseological unit "loss of face" in Russian and Chinese." Key Issues of Contemporary Linguistics, no. 6 (February 15, 2024): 82–89. https://doi.org/10.18384/2949-5075-2023-6-82-89.
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Aim. To identify similarities and differences in the semantic structure of the “loss of face” concept in Russian and Chinese.Methodology. In the course of the study, a comparative method was used with the involvement of definitional analysis, component analysis and contextual analysis.Results. The analysis has shown that the interpretation of the lexical unit “face” in Chinese differs from Russian because in Chinese “face”, formed under the influence of the social norm, can denote person’s reputation; in Russian “face”, understood as something individual and unique, can denote distinctive features of a person, personality. In both languages, “face” represents a value that a person fears losing. The concept of “loss of face” has different features in different languages. In Russian “loss of face” not only refers to the loss of reputation, but can also mean that the face of an object or person is lost as a result of deformation, while in Chinese the concept of “loss of face” refers to the sphere of etiquette.Research implications. Theoretical and practical significance is determined by the establishment of national-cultural components the semantics of the word “face” and in the designation of “loss of face” phraseological unit. In addition, the results obtained can be used in lexicographic practice as well as in teaching of Russian and Chinese.
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Lavrentev, Vitaly А., and Elena V. Logacheva. "Occasional word- and phrase-creating in Sergei Yesenin’s literary prose." Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta, no. 483 (2022): 33–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/15617793/483/4.
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The language of Sergei Yesenin’s prose is still poorly studied. The article aims to analyze Yesenin’s individual authorial formations extracted by the method of continuous sampling from the story Yar, the short story “Bobyl and Druzhok” and the novella At White Water. The main methods of analysis were descriptive, component, and contextual ones. As a result of the study, we identified Yesenin’s individual authorial lexemes, bilexemes and phraseological units. We recorded occasional names of everyday objects, natural phenomena, as well as names of people, animals and body parts formed by suffixation, prefixation and suffixation, and composition. For the derivation of adjectives the writer uses suffixation (with various suffixes, sometimes unproductive), occasional patterns (with missing stages in the derivation chain), and composition. To coin verbs, Yesenin chooses mainly prefixation-suffixation and prefixation-suffixation-postfixation methods. He also adds a derivational morpheme to an onomatopoetic word, which is occasional by nature. When coining participles and adverbs, Yesenin uses mainly traditional schemes, but takes the stems of occasional and dialect verbs as generating ones. His adverbs are mostly lexical occasionalisms and are formed mainly by prefixation-suffixation. We also recorded authorial particles and interjections in Yesenin’s prose. A features of the writer’s individual creative manner is the presence of the so-called bilexemes his works. Yesenin’s prose contains occasional phraseological units, in which a unit’s component is replaced, a unit is part of a comparative construction with a completely replaced predicative component, a unit is broken, a unit’s composition is expanded, several units are combined, a unit is shortened or dephraseologized. A separate group is units with the concept “God” – these are modified set phrases and formations created by Yesenin himself. The structural and semantic analysis of the transformed and authorial phraseological units showed their main functions: emotive, evaluative, transmitting additional information and saving speech resources. Transforming a phraseological unit, Yesenin introduces various semantic clarifications, enhances expression and achieves a comic effect. Occasionalisms are found both in the author’s speech and in characters’ remarks. The performed analysis of Yesenin’s individual authorial formations from literary prose, as well as the appeal to the poet’s lyrics give us grounds to conclude that, for Yesenin, occasional words and phrasess are not just a means of expression, but an integral element of his individual style that, on the one hand, emphasizes the originality of his language, and, on the other, brings it closer to the poetic traditions of folk speech, which indicates the versatility of Yesenin’s talent.
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Zhumanbekova, Nurkesh Zeynullovna, Yevgeniya Victorovna Bentyaa, and Anargul Dzharbulova. "The figurative idioms of English, German and Kazakh in contrast." Contemporary Educational Researches Journal 8, no. 3 (2018): 83–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/cerj.v8i3.589.
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This article discusses the figurative phraseological units, namely the idioms of English, German and Kazakh languages in comparative aspect. It appeals to the phraseology of imagery due to the fact that the imagery - a defining component of semantic derivation and semantics of phraseological units in particular. The main goal is to make a contribution to the theory of phraseology, based on the tradition of comparative phraseology. After determining the subject and object of the research, a brief review of domestic and foreign publications in the field of comparative phraseology the article describes the results of practical analysis of idioms in three languages. The main features of the analyzed units are multi-component structure, stability, idiomaticity that distinguishes them from other expressions. They can be interpreted in two different conceptual levels: in the literal sense, which is the basis of the inner form of a linguistic unit and in a figurative sense. The role of a semantic element between the two levels assumes shaped component values (image component) (Dobrovol’skij, 2009). Phraseological images are of cultural significance and informative, revealing a particular fragment of culture. For example, in the base of the inner form of English idioms “ to show one's true colour” (figurative “to show one's real face”, to show who you are”), of German idiom “ins Fettnapfchen treten (literary “stepping on a pot of lard”; figurative meaning “to step on smb's toes”); of Kazakh idioms “er tokymyn bauyryna aldy” (literary “hug the saddle”; figurative “to be angry” ); shabyna shok tusti( literary “hot coal got to the groin”; figurative “to be nervous”) lay some prototypical situations. In the analysis are used the method of field simulation. The study aims to identify and develop a model describing visual images as elements of the cognitive system. They are variably implemented in the content of figurative means of German, English and Kazakh.
 
 Keywords: imagery; visuality; imagery means; imagery structure
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Fedorova, Nataliya Yu, and Flyura M. Yarmuhamedova. "Phraseological units with the "monetary unit" component in the Russian and English languages." Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta, no. 500 (2024): 107–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/15617793/500/12.
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The article presents the results of a study aimed at revealing common characteristics and differences in the structure, lexical composition and semantics of English and Russian phraseological units that contain monetary units. Reflecting universal or culture-specific mentality characteristics, these phrases represent people’s attitude to money, to wealth or poverty. They also disclose people’s values, customary ways of living and inclinations, as well as their apprehension of one’s financial and social status. Both mono- and bilingual phraseological dictionaries served as sources of samples. The authors selected 220 Russian phrases and 116 English phrases. The sample phrases include proverbs and sayings, idioms, fixed expressions, collocations, metaphors, phraseological fusions that contain names of monetary units. It is interesting to note that in both languages names of coins that are out of circulation are quite frequent in phraseology. The authors employed component and semantic analysis to investigate the phrase samples features. The sample phrases were divided into several groups depending on the kind of monetary unit used as the key lexeme. The quantitative data unveil that the names of small coins (kopeck, penny, cent, etc.) outnumber the words “ruble” and “pound”. The study has shown that names of small coins in phraseology do not always mean “little money”. They sometimes mean large amounts of money, “a fortune”, mentioned in an ironic tone. Many phrases include small coins alongside with bigger ones. Small and large sums contrasted help to form utterances that moralize and evaluate people’s deeds in both languages. The next step was to divide the samples into three groups. Each one contained phrases with a definite connotation: negative, neutral and positive. The comparative analysis reveals that negative subjective evaluative component is frequent in both languages. However, the quantitative data demonstrate a substantial shift towards negative connotation of monetary units in the Russian phraseology. In the Russian phraseology negative phrases with monetary units constitute 63% of all samples, whereas in the English phraseology negative ones account for 28%. The use of names of small coins helps figuratively express how worthless, miserable or trivial the speech subject is. English phrases with neutral connotation are frequent (40%), but only 6% of neutral Russian phrases were found. This indicates that monetary units in the Russian phraseology tend to be used in utterances expressing either appraisal or condemnation and discontent. They substitute lengthy, neutral descriptive expressions. In the English language neutral phrases often have a nominative function and form names of objects and phenomena, without evaluating them in any subjective way.
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Alyoshin, Alexey S., and Elena I. Zinovyeva. "STEREOTYPIC IDEA OF A TOM-CAT AND A CAT THROUGH THE PRISM OF COMPARATIVE PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS OF RUSSIAN AND SWEDISH LANGUAGES." RUDN Journal of Language Studies, Semiotics and Semantics 10, no. 2 (2019): 288–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-2299-2019-10-2-288-300.
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The article attempts to identify the stereotypic idea of widespread domestic animals (a tomcat and a cat) on the material of similes of Russian and Swedish languages that characterize humans. The objective of the study is to identify the dominant characteristics of the “tom-cat” and “cat” in the Russian language picture of the world, which serve to assess a person, against the Swedish background. The sources of the material were dictionaries of Russian similes, the Swedish Phraseological Dictionary, data of the Russian National Corpus and the Swedish National Corpus. The main methods used in the study are methods of complete and directed material sampling, lexicographical, contextual and comparative analysis. This is an ideographic classification of Russian idioms, which allows to reveal comparison signs relevant for the Russian language picture of the world. The article identifies the dominant comparison bases in each group, indicating the importance of the corresponding attribute for native speakers. It analyzes gender distinctions in the use of Russian phraseological units with the “tom-cat” and “cat” reference standards, and peculiarities of using Russian similes in fiction contexts. A contrastive analysis is carried out with Swedish comparative phraseologisms with the standard “en katt”. The novelty of the study is to identify similar and different characteristics that allow to make a “portrait” description of domestic animals that serve as standards of similes, to identify relevant features for Russian and Swedish language pictures of the world. The study vector is directed from the standards of similes to their bases. As a result of the study, conclusions are drawn about the greater nominative density of idioms with “tom-cat / cat” components in Russian compared to Swedish, differences in gender relatedness due to the lack of generic differentiation of the Swedish standard of comparison, despite the fact that in Russian the replacement of the component “tom-cat” by “cat” leads to a change in the meaning of the phraseological unit, more detailed stereotypical representations in the Russian language particularly in such ideographic groups of similes as characteristics of appearance and behavior and to a greater peyorativity of Russian phraseological units compared to Swedish ones. The identified equivalent units in two languages, as well as the presence of the same ideographic groups of similes are due to the centuries-old observation of the peoples-speakers of languages for the universal features of the appearance and behavior of animals.
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Жалилова, Нилуфар. "ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ЛИНГВОКУЛЬТУРНОЙ ИНТЕРФЕРЕНЦИИ НА МАТЕРИАЛЕ ФРАЗЕОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ЕДИНИЦ КИТАЙСКОГО И УЗБЕКСКОГО ЯЗЫКОВ". Oriental Renaissance: Innovative, educational, natural and social sciences 2, № 26 (2022): 592–95. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7336782.
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<em>В настоящей статье рассматриется явление лингвокультурной интерференции, анализ которой произведен на примере устойчивых фразеологических единиц китайского и узбекского языков. Как известно, сопоставильный анализ </em><em>в лингвистике применяется для решения как теоретических, так и практических задач. Следовательно, для исследования был выбран сопоставительный анализ, целью которого является установление как различных, так и сходных черт в рамках данного аспекта.</em> <em>This article considers the phenomenon of linguocultural interference, the analysis of which is made on the example of stable phraseological units of the Chinese and Uzbek languages. As known, comparative analysis in linguistics is applied to solve both theoretical and practical problems. Therefore, for this study, a comparative analysis was considered, the purpose of which is to establish both different and similar features within this aspect.</em>
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Krylova, Maria N. "The preposition of Comparasion vrode in various types of discourse in the modern Russian language: history, morphological status, functioning." Current Issues in Philology and Pedagogical Linguistics, no. 1(2021) (March 25, 2021): 246–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.29025/2079-6021-2021-1-246-255.
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The study raises the issue of the preposition of comparasion vrode functioning in various types of discourse in the modern Russian language. The goal was to identify various ways of introducing a unit into a text, both separately and in combination with other linguistic units, and expanding the possibilities of its use in different discourses. The research was carried out on a representative selection of language material with the employment of the resources of the Russian National Corpus. The preposition vrode, actively used by a native speaker, who with its help makes the comparison more convincing, creates an atmosphere of intimate conversation. The comparative preposition vrode is used in various discourses: colloquial discourse, media discourse, fiction discourse, popular science discourse, etc. The colloquial coloring of the preposition determines its wide use in the fictional discourse, if the author needs to depict the direct communication of the characters or convey his attitude to the described subject, character. Also considered are language units derived from a preposition vrode – phraseological combinations nechto vrode, chto-to vrode, kto-to vrode, comparative conjunctions vrode kak and vrode togo kak. It is noted that the semantics of constructions with the preposition vrode in Russian is influenced by the modal particle homonymous to it, but the comparative meaning of the given linguistic unit in most cases prevails over the modal one and combined with it. The author concludes that the preposition vrode is important in the system of operators, which express comparative semantics in various types of discourse of the modern Russian language.
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Kosar Salimi, Abdolmaleki, and Ashtiani Majdabadi Kohneh Narges. "The Concept of “Dog” in Proverbs and Phraseological Units of the Russian and Persian Languages." Humanitarian Vector 15, no. 5 (2020): 62–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.21209/1996-7853-2020-15-5-62-69.
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This study examines some ways to actualize the concept of “dog” in Russian and Persian language pictures of the world, including the aspects of lexical, cultural, metaphorical and religious relevance of zoomorphism “dog” in Russian and Iranian linguistic cultures. The goal of investigation is to compare the features of the concept of “dog” in Russian and Persian language pictures of the world. Research objectives: 1) to summarize data on the representation and interpretation of the word “dog” in the explanatory dictionaries of the languages studied; 2) to analyze the images of the dog in Russian and Persian proverbs and phraseological units. The relevance of the work consists in referring to this zoomorphic concept from the standpoint of comparing and defining the principles of updating the cognitive characteristics of the concept of “dog” in proverbs and phraseologisms in Russian and Persian, examining the general and specific characteristics of this concept, as well as the views of Russian and Iranian people in relation to this animal in two linguistic cultures. Chosen proverbs and phraseological units of the Russian and Persian languages with the “dog” component are the subject of the study. The object of study is the concept of “dog” in Russian and Persian. The language material for the study was compiled from explanatory dictionaries and collections of paroemias. Each proverb and phraseological unit is subjected to careful analysis, their classification is carried out. The scientific novelty of the study is a comparative study of the concept of “dog” in two linguistic cultures: Russian and Persian. Such studies have not yet been conducted in modern linguistic literature. As a result of the analysis, both a positive and negative attitude towards dogs was noted in both linguistic cultures. On the one hand, a person endows the dog with the positive qualities of fidelity and devotion, on the other hand, with aggressiveness and low value. In two cultures ‒ Russian and Iranian ‒ there are different superstitions, beliefs and prejudices associated with this animal. The obtained research results are of applied value. They can find application in linguodidactics, in particular, when teaching Russian as a foreign language at Iranian universities, as well as in lexicology and linguocultural courses. Keywords: concept, proverb, phraseologism, linguistic culture, comparative studies, linguistic picture of the world
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Zhirenov, Sayan, and Zhanibek Ashirov. "The Image of Ethnic Markers of Ornithonyms in Phraseological Units." Eurasian Journal of Philology: Science and Education 194, no. 2 (2024): 22–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.26577/ejph.2024.v194.i2.ph03.
Full textAbstract:
In current linguistic researches special attention is paid to the linguistic nature of the views of a native speaker on the views of an ethnocommunity on phenomena in the world through the continuity of «language-ethnicity-culture». Accordingly, the mental image that formed under the subtext of ethnocultural semantics of phraseological units created through using ornitonymic components of the Kazakh language is based on the interrelated continuity of the ethnic group’s ideas about the world of birds and the real world. The goal of the research is to perceptvarious fragments of the world picture (worldview) by considering ornitonymic phraseological units in the linguocultural and linguocognitive aspects. As for the scientific and practical significance of the research work, ornitonymic phrasemes are a lexical unit that includes such complex categories as ethnicity, worldview, culture and mentality. Since the article considers problems of such fields of science as cultural linguistics, cognitive linguistics, phraseosemantics, ethnolinguistics, it helps to replenish the theoretical base of these fields and enrich their practical content. Practical results of the research can be reasonably used in lecture materials on a particular research area within the framework of the anthropocentric paradigm, in coursework and graduate work, and in materials of independently conducted research. During the analysis of the ethnomarker image of ornitonymic phraseological units, indecomposable phrases created through the use of ornitonymic components were collected from «Phraseological Dictionaries of the Kazakh Language» (I. Kenesbaev, A. Kaidar, G. Smagulova) and they were comprehensively studied by using descriptive, comparative, explanatory methods through contextual, linguistic and cultural analysis. In this research, the special object of study is ornitonymic phraseological units that are comprehensively examined from a theoretical and practical point of view within the framework of the anthropocentric paradigm. Phrasemes formed by combining ornitonymic components play a significant role in demonstrating ethnocultural heritage in the language of the nation. In the research, the continuity of the parallel between worlds of «birds and people» is shown through the description and use of the ethnocultural meaning of ornithonym phrasemes. Value and practical significance of the research: studying ornitonymic phrases is mainly focused not only on conveying names of birds and their allegorical meanings, but also on the unity of the ethnic group that cannot be separated from the natural world. The priority of the research work is to consider the origin and formation of ornitonymic phrasemes, their cultural semantics, scope of application and semantic field in various aspects. Ornithonymic phraseology accumulates such characteristics of an ethnos as character, behavior, culture, worldview, and through linguistic units it forms an ornithonymic picture of the world in the human mind. Thus, in ornitonymic phraseological units the original national peculiarity of the ethnos and the cognitive activity of imaginative thinking are shown.
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O.H., Soshko. "ЛЮДИНА РОЗУМНА: ТИПИ МЕТАФОРИЧНОГО ПЕРЕОСМИСЛЕННЯПРИ ФОРМУВАННІ ФРАЗЕОЛОГІЧНОГО ОБРАЗУ(на матеріалі української, німецької та англійської мов)". South archive (philological sciences), № 86 (29 червня 2021): 95–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.32999/ksu2663-2691/2021-86-15.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose. The main purpose of this paper is to interpret and differentiate the types of metaphorization mechanisms in Ukrainian, German and English phraseological units, which characterize positive intellectual abilities of a person, as well as to identify their common and distinctive features since one of the main characteristics of phraseological systems of different languages is the unity of general and special. Based on this goal and the general task of anthropocentric phraseology – the study of the ratio of linguistic and extralinguistic meanings, the existing definitions of phraseological units in languages are investigated, and the phraseological meaning is considered as an object of linguistic research. Phrasemes, or phraseological units, are studied in different directions. The study of them as units reflecting the human factor in any language remains relevant in recent decades. Metaphor is also in the focus of modern linguistics because of its relationship between linguistic phenomena and perception, memory and thinking, acquisition and application of human knowledge and experience.Methods. Since phraseological units are also studied in linguistic and linguocultural aspects, a complex research methodology is used here. According to the set goal and specific tasks, such basic methods as descriptive, comparative, component analysis were used.Results. The research findings are as follows: the author suggests a general classification of the mechanisms of metaphorization in phraseological units taking into account the components of their inner form. The models of phraseological units are highlighted, which are based on different types of metaphorical rethinking. The proposed classification can be used to study the semantic features of phraseological units using the material of different languages, as well as for their further correct ideographic separation.Conclusions. In the studied languages phrasemes with metaphorical rethinking form a rather large group. Many of them have a fairly transparent structure of meaning, the motivation of which is based on broad connotations known to almost any native speaker. The research objective includes identifying semantic similarities and differences between phraseological units of languages studied. The connection of phraseological units with the cultural code is preserved in the collective subconscious memory of native speakers. Phraseologisms, reflecting in their semantics the long process of people’s cultural development, fix and transmit cultural attitudes and archetypes, standards and stereotypes from generation to generation.Key words: phraseological unit/phraseme, idiom, metaphor, metaphorization, structural-semantic analysis, inner form. Мета. Основна мета дослідження – це інтерпретувати та диференціювати типи механізмів метафоризації в українських, німецьких та англійських фразеологізмах, які характеризують позитивні інтелектуальні здібності людини, а також виявити їх спільні та відмінні риси, адже однією з основних характеристик фразем різних мов виступає єдність загального і специфічного. Виходячи із цієї мети і спільного завдання антропоцентричної фразеології, що полягає у вивченні співвідношення мовних та екстралінгвістичних значень, досліджуються мовні визначення фразеологізмів у мові, а фразеологічне значення розглядається як об’єкт лінгвістичного дослідження. Вивчення фразем відбувається за різними напрямками. Вивчення їх як одиниць, що відбивають людський фактор в будь-якій мові, залишається актуальним в останні десятиліття. Метафора також знаходиться в центрі уваги сучасної лінгвістики через її взаємозв’язок між мовними явищами і сприйняттям, пам’яттю і мисленням, надбанням і застосуванням людських знань і досвіду.Методи. Оскільки фразеологічні одиниці розглядаються в лінгвістичному і лінгвокультурному аспектах, використовується комплексна дослідницька методологія. Згідно з поставленою метою та конкретними завданнями використовувалися такі основні методи, як описовий, зіставний, а також метод компонентного аналізу.Результати. Автор пропонує загальну класифікацію механізмів метафоризації у фразеологічних одиницях, що вивчаються з урахуванням компонентів їхньої внутрішньої форми. Виділено моделі фразеологізмів, засновані на різних типах метафоричного переосмислення. Запропонована класифікація може бути застосована для вивчення семантичних особливостей фразеологізмів на матеріалі різних мов, а також для їх подальшого правильного ідеографічного розподілу.Висновки. У досліджуваних мовах фраземи з метафоричним переосмисленням утворюють досить велику групу. Багато з них мають досить прозору смислову структуру, мотивація якої заснована на широких конотаціях, відомих практично кожному носію мови. У завдання дослідження входило виявлення семантичних подібностей і відмінностей між фразеологізмами мов. Зв’язок фразеологізмів із культурним кодом зберігається в колективній підсвідомій пам’яті носіїв мови. Фразеологізми, що відображають в своїй семантиці тривалий процес культурного розвитку людей, фіксують та передають культурні установки й архетипи, стандарти і стереотипи з покоління в покоління.Ключові слова: фразеологічна одиниця/фразема, ідіома, метафора, метафоричне переосмислення, структурно-семантичний аналіз, внутрішня форма.