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Journal articles on the topic 'Compensatory processes'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 10 March 2023

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1

KHRABAN, Tetyana, and Igor KHRABAN. "Communicative-compensatory Processes on Social Network." Social Communications: Theory and Practice 11, no. 2 (December 28, 2020): 58–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.51423/2524-0471-2020-11-2-5.

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The aimof the article is to identify the specifics of communicative-compensatory processes on social network. Materials & methods. In order to achievethat objective, the general scientific research methods: analysis, classification, observation, description were used. In addition, as part of an integrated sociolinguistic approach, discourse analysis and a quantitative research method were used. Publications posted in the Ukrainian sector of an American online social media and social networking service Facebook served as an input for the research. Results & discussions. The study identified three modes of communicative-compensatory processes, which are arranged in descending order according to their proportions: 1)communicative-compensatory process characterized by a correlation with the defense mechanism “overcompensation”. During this process personal growth and radical transformations of the whole personality occur on the basis of the dialogical mutual affirmation of “I” and “You”. At the linguistic level, such mode is manifested owing to the use of a preferable image (real or illusory) to affirm one’s strength, significance, value, that is, for self-assertion and rising in status; 2)process characterized by a correlation with the defense mechanism “direct compensation” and which shows itself as adaptive in nature and does not contribute to the personal growth. At the linguistic level such mode is manifested in the individual concentrating on his own interests, feelings and needs and orientation on consumption; 3)process characterized by a correlation with the defense mechanism “illusive overcompensation” and which nature is emotional vampirism. At the linguistic level such mode is manifested in the watching out for another person’s imaginary or real flaws with the purpose of emphasizing and exaggerating. Conclusion. A specific feature of communicative-compensatory processes in social networks is that they mainly act as representations of the compensatory functionof autocommunication. The dominant form of compensatory autocommunication in social networks is an internal monologue. The verbal implementation of communicative-compensatory processes in social networks are: 1)posts in which the protest gains the power of critical confrontation and is a synonym for the right to individual free development; 2)posts aimed at humiliation and criticism; 3)posts containing advice, support, comfort to the troubled “I”.

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2

Block, Hannah J., and Amy J. Bastian. "Sensory weighting and realignment: independent compensatory processes." Journal of Neurophysiology 106, no. 1 (July 2011): 59–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00641.2010.

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When estimating the position of one hand for the purpose of reaching to it with the other, humans have visual and proprioceptive estimates of the target hand's position. These are thought to be weighted and combined to form an integrated estimate in such a way that variance is minimized. If visual and proprioceptive estimates are in disagreement, it may be advantageous for the nervous system to bring them back into register by spatially realigning one or both. It is possible that realignment is determined by weights, in which case the lower-weighted modality should always realign more than the higher-weighted modality. An alternative possibility is that realignment and weighting processes are controlled independently, and either can be used to compensate for a sensory misalignment. Here, we imposed a misalignment between visual and proprioceptive estimates of target hand position in a reaching task designed to allow simultaneous, independent measurement of weights and realignment. In experiment 1, we used endpoint visual feedback to create a situation where task success could theoretically be achieved with either a weighting or realignment strategy, but vision had to be regarded as the correctly aligned modality to achieve success. In experiment 2, no endpoint visual feedback was given. We found that realignment operates independently of weights in the former case but not in the latter case, suggesting that while weighting and realignment may operate in conjunction in some circumstances, they are biologically independent processes that give humans behavioral flexibility in compensating for sensory perturbations.

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3

Zenke, Friedemann, and Wulfram Gerstner. "Hebbian plasticity requires compensatory processes on multiple timescales." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 372, no. 1715 (March 5, 2017): 20160259. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2016.0259.

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We review a body of theoretical and experimental research on Hebbian and homeostatic plasticity, starting from a puzzling observation: while homeostasis of synapses found in experiments is a slow compensatory process, most mathematical models of synaptic plasticity use rapid compensatory processes (RCPs). Even worse, with the slow homeostatic plasticity reported in experiments, simulations of existing plasticity models cannot maintain network stability unless further control mechanisms are implemented. To solve this paradox, we suggest that in addition to slow forms of homeostatic plasticity there are RCPs which stabilize synaptic plasticity on short timescales. These rapid processes may include heterosynaptic depression triggered by episodes of high postsynaptic firing rate. While slower forms of homeostatic plasticity are not sufficient to stabilize Hebbian plasticity, they are important for fine-tuning neural circuits. Taken together we suggest that learning and memory rely on an intricate interplay of diverse plasticity mechanisms on different timescales which jointly ensure stability and plasticity of neural circuits. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Integrating Hebbian and homeostatic plasticity’.

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Andrews, E. C., and S. J. Westerman. "Age differences in simulated driving performance: Compensatory processes." Accident Analysis & Prevention 45 (March 2012): 660–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2011.09.047.

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5

Robertson, Ian H. "Persisting unilateral neglect: Compensatory processes within multiply-interacting circuits." Neuropsychological Rehabilitation 4, no. 2 (June 1994): 193–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09602019408402282.

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6

Sack, A. T. "The Dynamics of Interhemispheric Compensatory Processes in Mental Imagery." Science 308, no. 5722 (April 29, 2005): 702–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1107784.

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7

Connell, Sean D., and Giulia Ghedini. "Resisting regime-shifts: the stabilising effect of compensatory processes." Trends in Ecology & Evolution 30, no. 9 (September 2015): 513–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2015.06.014.

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Panzeri, Marta, Carlo Semenza, and Brian Butterworth. "Compensatory processes in the evolution of severe jargon aphasia." Neuropsychologia 25, no. 6 (January 1987): 919–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0028-3932(87)90096-0.

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9

Simoes, Marcelo Godoy. "Compensatory Multicriteria Aggregation Algorithm." Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics 3, no. 4 (August 20, 1999): 289–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jaciii.1999.p0289.

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Performance aggregation in decision processes is easy to implement, amplified by clarity with varying degrees of compensation that are a measure of the decision-maker’s willingness to consider all goals and constraints globally. We extend this concept, suggesting that the notion of compensation should be applied to another step of the decision process. We presented a mathematical function for this -- the DI-operator - that complies with the notion of degrees of compensation. A query interface is used with a personal computer and the algorithm is applied in purchase decisions of mechanical materials, partner selection, and urban vehicle delivery scheduling.

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Rohalʹ, V. V., and V. S. Kapshtyk. "Compensation of reactive power in repeated short-term operating modes." Electronics and Communications 16, no. 3 (March 28, 2011): 101–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.20535/2312-1807.2011.16.3.266223.

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The article deals with the administration of capacitor plants for reactive power compensation in industrial power supply networks of re-work the regimen of induction motors. To identify problems encountered in using the capacitor re-installation of the regimen of work carried out simulation in MatLab processes that occur in compensatory using different types of commutating devices. Investigation of switching transient condenser batteries allowed to develop recommendations to control semiconductor switches compensators to eliminate time lags between repeated switching

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11

Lee, Chung-Un, Hyunsoo Ryoo, Jae-Hoon Chung, Wan Song, Minyong Kang, Hyun-Hwan Sung, Byong-Chang Jeong, et al. "Preoperative versus Postoperative Compensation of the Contralateral Normal Kidney in Patients Treated with Radical Nephrectomy for Renal Cell Carcinoma." Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, no. 21 (October 24, 2021): 4918. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm10214918.

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Background: We sought to identify the factors affecting renal compensatory processes that occur preoperatively as well as postoperatively in patients treated with radical nephrectomy (RNx) for renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the records of 906 patients treated with RNx for RCC. We defined the early compensatory process (process 1) as compensatory adaptation of the contralateral normal kidney (CNK) before RNx. We defined the late compensatory process (process 2) as compensatory adaptation of the CNK after RNx. Total compensation was defined as the combination of these two processes. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to identify significant factors associated with processes 1, 2 and total compensation. Results: Mean preoperative, 1-week, and 5-year postoperative estimated glomerular filtration rates (eGFR) were 84.5, 57.6 and 63.7 mL/min/1.73 m2, respectively. Female sex (p < 0.001), lower body mass index (BMI) (p < 0.001), absence of hypertension (p = 0.019), lower preoperative eGFR (p < 0.001), larger tumor volume (p < 0.001), and larger CNK volume (p < 0.001) were significantly associated with process 1. Younger age (p = 0.019), higher BMI (p < 0.001), and absence of diabetes mellitus (DM) (p = 0.033) were significantly associated with process 2. Female sex (p < 0.001), younger age (p < 0.001), absence of DM (p = 0.002), lower preoperative eGFR (p < 0.001), and larger tumor (p = 0.001) and CNK volumes (p < 0.001) were significantly associated with total compensation. Conclusions: Different factors affected each compensatory process. Process 1 made a greater contribution to the entire renal compensatory process than process 2.

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Brisson, Jacques, and James F. Reynolds. "Effects of Compensatory Growth on Population Processes: A Simulation Study." Ecology 78, no. 8 (December 1997): 2378. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2265900.

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13

Roberts, Alvin. "Teaching Transferable Compensatory Skills and Processes to Visually Impaired Adults." Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness 95, no. 4 (April 2001): 234–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0145482x0109500406.

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Marewski, Julian N., and Katja Mehlhorn. "Using the ACT-R architecture to specify 39 quantitative process models of decision making." Judgment and Decision Making 6, no. 6 (August 2011): 439–519. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1930297500002473.

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AbstractHypotheses about decision processes are often formulated qualitatively and remain silent about the interplay of decision, memorial, and other cognitive processes. At the same time, existing decision models are specified at varying levels of detail, making it difficult to compare them. We provide a methodological primer on how detailed cognitive architectures such as ACT-R allow remedying these problems. To make our point, we address a controversy, namely, whether noncompensatory or compensatory processes better describe how people make decisions from the accessibility of memories. We specify 39 models of accessibility-based decision processes in ACT-R, including the noncompensatory recognition heuristic and various other popular noncompensatory and compensatory decision models. Additionally, to illustrate how such models can be tested, we conduct a model comparison, fitting the models to one experiment and letting them generalize to another. Behavioral data are best accounted for by race models. These race models embody the noncompensatory recognition heuristic and compensatory models as a race between competing processes, dissolving the dichotomy between existing decision models.

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Chi, Peter B., Westin M. Kosater, and David A. Liberles. "Detecting Signatures of Positive Selection against a Backdrop of Compensatory Processes." Molecular Biology and Evolution 37, no. 11 (July 6, 2020): 3353–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msaa161.

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Abstract There are known limitations in methods of detecting positive selection. Common methods do not enable differentiation between positive selection and compensatory covariation, a major limitation. Further, the traditional method of calculating the ratio of nonsynonymous to synonymous substitutions (dN/dS) does not take into account the 3D structure of biomacromolecules nor differences between amino acids. It also does not account for saturation of synonymous mutations (dS) over long evolutionary time that renders codon-based methods ineffective for older divergences. This work aims to address these shortcomings for detecting positive selection through the development of a statistical model that examines clusters of substitutions in clusters of variable radii. Additionally, it uses a parametric bootstrapping approach to differentiate positive selection from compensatory processes. A previously reported case of positive selection in the leptin protein of primates was reexamined using this methodology.

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Raissi, Sadigh, Amir Sarabadani, and Ahmad Reza Baghestani. "An Efficient Novel Compensatory Multi-attribute Control Chart for Correlated Multinomial Processes." Research Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology 6, no. 8 (July 10, 2013): 1402–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.19026/rjaset.6.3963.

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Ivantsiv, O. R. "COMPENSATORY RESTORATIVE PROCESSES IN THE PANCREATIC ISLETS IN CORRECTION OF DIABETES MELLITUS." Clinical anatomy and operative surgery 15, no. 2 (April 26, 2016): 81–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.24061/1727-0847.15.2.2016.48.

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Chebat, Jean-Charles, Michel Laroche, Daisy Badura, and Pierre Filiatrault. "Affect and Memory in Advertising: An Empirical Study of the Compensatory Processes." Journal of Social Psychology 135, no. 4 (August 1995): 425–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00224545.1995.9712212.

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Beaunieux, H., F. Eustache, P. Busson, V. de la Sayette, F. Viader, and B. Desgranges. "Cognitive procedural learning in early Alzheimer's disease: Impaired processes and compensatory mechanisms." Journal of Neuropsychology 6, no. 1 (April 11, 2011): 31–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-6653.2011.02002.x.

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Rivas-Drake, Deborah, and Aixa Marchand. "Academic Socialization Among Latino Families: Exploring the Compensatory Role of Cultural Processes." Research in Human Development 13, no. 3 (July 2, 2016): 225–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15427609.2016.1194708.

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Berlingeri, M., G. Bottini, L. Danelli, F. Ferri, D. Traficante, L. Sacheli, N. Colombo, et al. "With time on our side? Task-dependent compensatory processes in graceful aging." Experimental Brain Research 205, no. 3 (August 3, 2010): 307–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00221-010-2363-7.

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22

Stupina, A. S., and N. V. Berezhkov. "Morphological manifestations of compensatory and adaptive processes in the liver during aging." Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine 105, no. 3 (March 1988): 451–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00835777.

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23

Flood, Dorothy G., and Paul D. Coleman. "Failed Compensatory Dendritic Growth as a Pathophysiological Process in Alzheimer's Disease." Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques 13, S4 (November 1986): 475–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s031716710003715x.

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Abstract:In normal human aging the remaining neurons of two areas of the hippocampal region have been found to compensate for age-related neuronal loss by proliferating new dendrites. In Alzheimer's disease (AD) the layer II pyramidal neurons of the parahippocampal gyrus fail to show this compensatory response, in spite of a probable, exaggerated disease-related loss of neurons. In AD the dentate gyrus granule cells of the hippocampus also show a reduced amount of the compensatory response. This failure of the AD brain to show the normal compensatory plastic response, seen in normal aging as dendritic growth, may be viewed as one of the pathophysiological processes of the disease.

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Razumnikova, O. M., and K. D. Krivonogova. "Sensory deprivation as a model for the actualizing compensatory brain resources." Современная зарубежная психология 9, no. 2 (2020): 57–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/jmfp.2020090205.

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The concepts of «cognitive» or «compensatory brain reserves» are proposed to explain a wide individual variability of changes in cognitive functions during aging and are used to study the adaptive reorganization of the neural systems of the brain in damages of its functions due to various pathological processes, including deprivation of visual or auditory information. The development of tomographic methods for estimating the volume and functional activity of individual brain structures made it possible to obtain new information on the mechanisms of neuroplasticity caused by sensory deprivation. The literature review provides evidences of the cross-modal development of brain structures to ensure the processes of perception and processing of environmental stimuli based on compensatory replacement of the missing sensory function and a possible increase in the effectiveness of the activity of the analyzer systems. The described patterns of formation and stimulation of compensatory reserves are important for understanding the fundamentals of brain activity, and from a practical point of view, for improving training programs or developing methods for correcting the negative effects of brain aging or damage.

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Vasseur, David A., Jeremy W. Fox, Andrew Gonzalez, Rita Adrian, Beatrix E. Beisner, Matthew R. Helmus, Catherine Johnson, et al. "Synchronous dynamics of zooplankton competitors prevail in temperate lake ecosystems." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 281, no. 1788 (August 7, 2014): 20140633. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2014.0633.

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Although competing species are expected to exhibit compensatory dynamics (negative temporal covariation), empirical work has demonstrated that competitive communities often exhibit synchronous dynamics (positive temporal covariation). This has led to the suggestion that environmental forcing dominates species dynamics; however, synchronous and compensatory dynamics may appear at different length scales and/or at different times, making it challenging to identify their relative importance. We compiled 58 long-term datasets of zooplankton abundance in north-temperate and sub-tropical lakes and used wavelet analysis to quantify general patterns in the times and scales at which synchronous/compensatory dynamics dominated zooplankton communities in different regions and across the entire dataset. Synchronous dynamics were far more prevalent at all scales and times and were ubiquitous at the annual scale. Although we found compensatory dynamics in approximately 14% of all combinations of time period/scale/lake, there were no consistent scales or time periods during which compensatory dynamics were apparent across different regions. Our results suggest that the processes driving compensatory dynamics may be local in their extent, while those generating synchronous dynamics operate at much larger scales. This highlights an important gap in our understanding of the interaction between environmental and biotic forces that structure communities.

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Fisher, Elaine M., and N. Margaret Wineman. "Conceptualizing Compensatory Responses: Implications for Treatment and Research." Biological Research For Nursing 10, no. 4 (December 28, 2008): 400–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1099800408324612.

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Many scientists approach the discovery and application of knowledge of physiological processes from a reductionistic paradigm. A reductionistic approach focuses on treating one or a few key disease-related variables but overlooks the interaction of systems and their dependency on one another to produce homeostasis. The purposes of this article are to examine the current paradigm underlying treatment and its effect on patient outcome and to present an alternative perspective for understanding the body's compensatory responses and their implications for treatment and research. Chaos theory and nonlinear methods are presented as possible ways to conceptualize and explore the complex integration of physiological patterns in response to disease, aging, and treatment.

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Dodhoeva, M. F., and V. N. Parusov. "Morphological features of placentas in weight deficient puerperants and their influence on a fetus (Message I)." Journal of obstetrics and women's diseases 47, no. 3-4 (December 15, 1998): 40–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/jowd87405.

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Morphological features of placentas were investigated in practically healthy puerperants (12) and women with weight deficient (19) in a case of urgent delivery. In 30% of placentas in control group pathologic immaturity coupling with dissociated development (40%) were seen, which were, combined with slight involutiv-dystrophic processes (IDP) and maximal realization of compensatory processes in placentas that promotes delivery of healthy neo-nates with normal body weight. In a case of weight deficiency in mothers, significant IDP can be seen together with large amount of immature (63.2%) and dissociated (21%) placentas, suppression of compensatory processes with starting of mechanisms characteristic for embryonal period of development, which promotes delivery of alive neonates but with small for gestational age body weight and high rate of cerebral blood flow disturbances. The listed features are results of the influence of climate-geographical, ecological and social-economic live conditions of women in Tajikistan.

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Shafigullina, Z. A., S. Yu Medvedeva, and I. G. Danilova. "ROLE OF THE STROMAL CELLULAR COMPONENT IN COMPENSATORY PROCESSES IN DIFFUSE LIVER DAMAGE." Toxicological Review, no. 3 (June 28, 2018): 32–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.36946/0869-7922-2018-3-32-37.

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The aim of the study was to assess the role of the cellular component of the stroma in liver regeneration after its toxic damage. The experimental model of toxic hepatitis caused by intraperitoneal administration of tetrachloromethane (CCl4) showed that regeneration processes in the liver on the 3rd day are manifested in an increase in binuclear hepatocytes, Ki-67 + cells and hepatocytes dividing by mitosis. The reaction of the stromal component is expressed in an increase in the number of CD45 +, mast and sinusoidal cells (SC). On the 7th day of the development of toxic hepatitis the hepatocyte alteration increases, that is accompanied by a sharp decrease in the mitotic index and the number of Ki-67 + cells. In the stromal component there is a decrease in the number of sinusoidal cells, CD45 + and a significant increase in mast cells with a high secretion granule content.

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Namasivayam, Aravind Kumar, Pascal van Lieshout, and Luc De Nil. "Bite-block perturbation in people who stutter: Immediate compensatory and delayed adaptive processes." Journal of Communication Disorders 41, no. 4 (July 2008): 372–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcomdis.2008.02.004.

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Gaunt, Ruth, and Liat Bassi. "Modeling and Compensatory Processes Underlying Involvement in Child Care Among Kibbutz-Reared Fathers." Journal of Family Issues 33, no. 6 (November 17, 2011): 823–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0192513x11428440.

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Ryashchikov, S. N., V. A. Glumova, V. N. Markov, and A. N. Bazhenov. "Compensatory and repair processes in the thyroid gland of month-old desympathized rats." Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine 105, no. 4 (April 1988): 610–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00841221.

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Christidi, F., G. Argyropoulos, E. Karavasilis, G. Velonakis, V. Zouvelou, M. Rentzos, I. Seimenis, and P. Bede. "HIPPOCAMPAL 1H MRS SPECTROSCOPY IN AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS: EVIDENCE FOR COMPENSATORY METABOLIC PROCESSES?" Physica Medica 104 (December 2022): S18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1120-1797(22)03064-2.

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Gracco, V. L., and J. H. Abbs. "Dynamic control of the perioral system during speech: kinematic analyses of autogenic and nonautogenic sensorimotor processes." Journal of Neurophysiology 54, no. 2 (August 1, 1985): 418–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1985.54.2.418.

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Afferent contributions to the motor control of speech were evaluated by applying unanticipated loads to the lower lip during the combined upper lip-lower lip gesture associated with the oral closing movements for a "b" sound. Loads were introduced randomly in approximately 15% of the trials to minimize subject anticipation or adaptation. A total of 490 load trials (in five naive subjects) were distributed within a restricted interval (100 ms) centered on the initiation of agonist muscle contraction associated with the lip-closing movements. Kinematic adjustments of the upper and lower lips to these perturbations were examined in detail. In all subjects, load-induced changes in upper and lower lip displacement, movement time, and closing velocity were statistically significant and observed the first time a perturbation was introduced. Load timing variations within the target interval resulted in systematic changes in the site of the compensatory adjustments (upper versus lower lip) and in the magnitude of the kinematic responses. These kinematic changes appeared to reflect the dynamic nature of underlying control processes and clearly contrasted the different response characteristics of autogenic (lower lip) and nonautogenic (upper lip) compensatory actions. Although both upper and lower lip adjustments contributed to perturbation compensations, autogenic responses were found to predominate when loads occurred 20-55 ms before muscle activation. For these early loads, autogenic responses provided approximately 75% of the total compensation. For later loads, when the evolving speech motor action was more time constrained, nonautogenic (open-loop) compensations predominated, providing approximately 65% of the total compensation. The variations in upper and lower lip compensatory response magnitude did not parallel the time course of facial muscle activation. Lower lip kinematic adjustments were reduced 10-15 ms prior to the onset of agonist muscle activation, whereas upper lip adjustments increased in magnitude 10-20 ms after agonist onset. Apparently the dynamic modulation of these responses is controlled independently from facial motoneuron excitation, possibly involving sensorimotor processing via supranuclear centers. Overall the compensatory movement displacements were highly related to the magnitude of the perturbation displacement, especially for loads introduced prior to agonist muscle onset, reflecting a well-calibrated readjustment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

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Thibodeau, Geneviève, David A. Walsh, and Beatrix E. Beisner. "Rapid eco-evolutionary responses in perturbed phytoplankton communities." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 282, no. 1814 (September 7, 2015): 20151215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2015.1215.

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Biodiversity currently faces unprecedented threats owing to species extinctions. Ecologically, compensatory dynamics can ensure stable community biomass following perturbation. However, whether there is a contribution of genetic diversity to community responses is an outstanding question. To date, the contribution of evolutionary processes through genotype shifts has not been assessed in naturally co-occurring multi-species communities in the field. We examined the mechanisms contributing to the response of a lake phytoplankton community exposed to either a press or pulse acidification perturbation in lake mesocosms. To assess community shifts in the ecological response of morphospecies, we identified taxa microscopically. We also assessed genotype shifts by sequencing the ITS2 region of ribosomal DNA. We observed ecological and genetic contributions to community responses. The ecological response was attributed to compensatory morphospecies dynamics and occurred primarily in the Pulse perturbation treatment. In the Press treatments, in addition to compensatory dynamics, we observed evidence for genotype selection in two species of chlorophytes, Desmodesmus cuneatus and an unidentified Chlamydomonas . Our study demonstrates that while genotype selection may be rare, it is detectable and occurs especially when new environmental conditions are maintained for long enough to force selection processes on standing variation.

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Iafrati, Mark D., Olga Vitseva, Kahraman Tanriverdi, Price Blair, Sybille Rex, Subrata Chakrabarti, Sonia Varghese, and Jane E. Freedman. "Compensatory mechanisms influence hemostasis in setting of eNOS deficiency." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 288, no. 4 (April 2005): H1627—H1632. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00819.2004.

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The balance between thrombosis and hemorrhage is carefully regulated. Nitric oxide (NO) is an important mediator of these processes, as it prevents platelet adhesion to the endothelium and inhibits platelet recruitment. Although endothelial NO synthase (eNOS)-deficient mice have decreased vascular reactivity and mild hypertension, enhanced thrombosis in vivo has not been demonstrated. To determine the role of endogenous NO in hemostasis, a model of carotid arterial injury and thrombosis was performed using eNOS-deficient and wild-type mice. Paradoxically, the eNOS-deficient animals had a prolongation of time to occlusion compared with the wild-type mice ( P < 0.001). Consistent with this finding, plasma markers suggesting enhanced fibrinolysis [tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) activity and antigen and D-dimer levels] were significantly elevated in eNOS-deficient animals. Vascular tissue expression of t-PA and platelet activity levels were not altered. In endothelial cells, t-PA is stored in Weibel-Palade bodies, and exocytosis of these storage granules is inhibited by NO. Thus in the absence of NO, release of Weibel-Palade body contents (and t-PA) could be enhanced; this observation is also supported by increased von Willebrand factor levels observed in eNOS-deficient animals. In summary, although eNOS deficiency attenuates vascular reactivity and increases platelet recruitment, it is also associated with enhanced fibrinolysis due to lack of NO-dependent inhibition of Weibel-Palade body release. These processes highlight the complexity of NO-dependent regulation of vascular homeostasis. Such compensatory mechanisms may partially explain the lack of spontaneous thrombosis, minimally elevated baseline blood pressure, and normal life span that are seen in animals deficient in a pivotal regulator of vascular patency.

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Glassock, Gabriela, and Anthony Fee. "The decision-making processes of self-initiated expatriates: a consumer behaviour approach." Journal of Global Mobility 3, no. 1 (March 9, 2015): 4–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jgm-09-2014-0044.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the features of the decision-making processes used by self-initiated expatriates (SIEs) when considering an international assignment. It does this by examining expatriates’ decision processes through the lens of prominent theories of consumer decision making. Design/methodology/approach – An abductive, exploratory research design was employed, based on in-depth qualitative case studies of nine SIEs. Findings – In general, the expatriates in the study tended to deploy high-involvement decision-making processes. Rational decision models drawing on multiple high-quality information sources were common, especially for expatriates with career-oriented motivations and no prior experience in the target country. Three types of expatriates are distilled: “career building” (high involvement, career oriented, compensatory decision model), “risk minimizing” (high/medium involvement, non-compensatory decision model), and “emotionally driven” (low involvement, affective decision model). Originality/value – While research into expatriates’ motivations is plentiful, this is the first study to examine the decision-making processes that define the way in which these motivations are enacted. Its originality stems from combining two previously unrelated strands of research (consumer decision making and expatriation). The resulting tentative typology of decision-making approaches provides a platform for organisations seeking to better target talent recruitment, and for researchers seeking to further examine the decision processes of SIEs.

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Dieckmann, Anja, Katrin Dippold, and Holger Dietrich. "Compensatory versus noncompensatory models for predicting consumer preferences." Judgment and Decision Making 4, no. 3 (April 2009): 200–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s193029750000173x.

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AbstractStandard preference models in consumer research assume that people weigh and add all attributes of the available options to derive a decision, while there is growing evidence for the use of simplifying heuristics. Recently, a greedoid algorithm has been developed (Yee, Dahan, Hauser & Orlin, 2007; Kohli & Jedidi, 2007) to model lexicographic heuristics from preference data. We compare predictive accuracies of the greedoid approach and standard conjoint analysis in an online study with a rating and a ranking task. The lexicographic model derived from the greedoid algorithm was better at predicting ranking compared to rating data, but overall, it achieved lower predictive accuracy for hold-out data than the compensatory model estimated by conjoint analysis. However, a considerable minority of participants was better predicted by lexicographic strategies. We conclude that the new algorithm will not replace standard tools for analyzing preferences, but can boost the study of situational and individual differences in preferential choice processes.

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Chuhray, Svetlana M., Viktoria E. Lavrynenko, Rostyslav F. Kaminsky, Iryna V. Dzevulska, Oleksandr V. Malikov, Ruzhena M. Matkivska, Larysa B. Shobat, Oleksandr I. Kovalchuk, and Liudmyla M. Sokurenko. "Morphofunctional status of cardio-vascular system of rats with arterial hypertension." Wiadomości Lekarskie 73, no. 2 (2020): 355–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.36740/wlek202002128.

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The aim: Was to clarify the general patterns of structural changes in the left ventricular myocardial capillaries in rats with spontaneous arterial hypertension. Materials and methods: Experiments were conducted on 50 ISIAH (inherited stress-induced arterial hypertension) line rats with arterial hypertension: juvenile young (45-day) and sexually mature (100-day) rats, as well as intact animals of the corresponding age. While extracted from the experiment rats of all experimental groups had their arterial pressure measured using a plethysmograph. Electron microscopic examination of the left ventricular myocardium and morphometric study of volumetric and quantitative densities, cross-section area, and form factor of micropinocytotic vesicles were conducted. Results: In sexually mature rats with arterial hypertension, a high level of pressure is maintained. In 45-day-old rats with arterial hypertension in endothelial cells of myocardial blood capillaries there is a hyperactivation of biosynthetic processes (euchromatic nucleus, large-sized mitochondria, ER canals, Golgi complex), which may be a manifestation of reactive processes in response to a non-stable increase in arterial pressure. In the 100-day rats with arterial hypertension, the mosaic of the ultrastructure of the myocardium blood vessels is preserved, but destructively-dystrophic changes become more expressive and involve not only the organelles but also the integrity of the endothelial cell itself. Destructively-dystrophic processes in rat capillaries are accompanied by compensatory and adaptive ones. This is manifested by activation of the transport of substances, both transendothelial and paracellular, and quantitative density of micropinocytotic vesicles increases statistically significantly. Conclusions: In myocardial capillaries of young (45-day) arterial hypertension rats, compensatory and adaptive changes are manifested by activation of biosynthetic processes in endothelial cells following a slight increase in micropinocytotic vesicles quantitative density and signs of destructive-dystrophic processes (minor edema and lysis of endothelial cell cytoplasm). In sexually mature (100-day) arterial hypertension rats in the blood capillaries of the myocardium, the destructive-degenerative changes increase is accompanied by preservation of signs of compensatory processes. Reducing the number of capillaries is offset by an increase in the number of micropinocytotic vesicles.

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Olenovych, О. А. "Changes of acid-releasing renal function of rats in the dynamics of experimental diabetes mellitus." Experimental and Clinical Medicine 89, no. 4 (December 17, 2020): 22–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.35339/ekm.2020.89.04.03.

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The results of the study of acid-releasing renal function of rats with alloxan-induced experimental diabetes mellitus (EDM) of different duration allow the conclusion that the renal mechanisms of acid release in EDM function in an active adaptive mode with the involvement of maximal reserve potential in response to hyperglycemia-induced metabolic processes, accentuating the exceptional role of the kidneys in maintaining acid-base balance in diabetes mellitus. The initial stages of alloxan-induced EDM are accompanied by the extrarenal intensification of acid release, associated with enhanced inflow of non-volatile acids to the ultrafiltrate due to metabolic processes inherent to diabetes. Overload of compensatory-functional mechanisms of acid excretion leads to initiation of tubular maladaptation processes in the kidneys, which are manifested by functional insufficiency of sodium-hydrogen antitransport and sodium-dependent mechanisms of urine acidification with subsequent violation of proximal and distal acidification mechanisms, disruption of the compensatory capacity of the kidneys to regulate the acid-base status of the body. Keywords: experimental diabetes mellitus, alloxan, acid-releasing renal function.

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Haigney, D. E., R. G. Taylor, and S. J. Westerman. "Concurrent mobile (cellular) phone use and driving performance: task demand characteristics and compensatory processes." Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour 3, no. 3 (September 2000): 113–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1369-8478(00)00020-6.

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Huang, Chih-Mao, Thad A. Polk, Joshua O. Goh, and Denise C. Park. "Both left and right posterior parietal activations contribute to compensatory processes in normal aging." Neuropsychologia 50, no. 1 (January 2012): 55–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2011.10.022.

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MacCutcheon, Douglas, Mattias Holmgren, and Andreas Haga. "Assuming the Best: Individual Differences in Compensatory “Green” Beliefs Predict Susceptibility to the Negative Footprint Illusion." Sustainability 12, no. 8 (April 22, 2020): 3414. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12083414.

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Recent years have seen a marked increase in carbon emissions despite pledges made by the international community at the Paris Accord in 2015 to reduce fossil fuel production and consumption. Rebound effects could contribute to this phenomenon as, in which attempts to curb carbon emissions might have inadvertently led to an upswing in fossil fuel usage. The present study hypothesizes that rebound effects are driven by a misapplication of compensatory balancing heuristics, with the unintended outcome of producing inaccurate estimates of the environmental impact of “green” or environmentally friendly labelled products or behaviors. The present study therefore aims to investigate the relationship between participants’ degree of compensatory thinking (e.g., “Recycling compensates for driving a car”) and their susceptibility to the Negative Footprint Illusion, a widely replicated phenomenon demonstrating that the presence of “green” products biases carbon footprint estimations. One hundred and twelve participants were asked to complete a 15-item Compensatory Green Beliefs scale and to estimate the total carbon footprint of a set of 15 conventional houses, followed by a set that included 15 “green” houses in addition to 15 conventional houses. Results indicated that participants, on average, believed that the “green” houses were carbon neutral, and that susceptibility to the Negative Footprint Illusion was predicted by performance on the Compensatory Green Beliefs scale. This is the first study confirming that individual differences in cognitive processes (i.e., Compensatory Green Beliefs) are indeed related to inaccurate estimates of “green” products, providing a foundation for further investigation of the influence of “green” and compensatory beliefs on carbon footprint estimates.

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Dong, Changwen, Jiaxiang Xue, Zhanhui Zhang, Li Jin, Yu Hu, and Wei Wu. "High-Speed Welding of Stainless Steel with Additional Compensatory Gas Jet Blow Molten Pool." Applied Sciences 8, no. 11 (November 6, 2018): 2170. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app8112170.

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To avoid humping bead defects in high-speed welding, this paper proposes the method of an additional and compensatory gas jet blow molten pool. A pulsed metal inert gas high-speed welding test platform was constructed for compensatory gas jet blow molten pool. A total of 304 stainless steel sheets were used as the welding workpieces under equal heat inputs. Two high-speed butt welding processes were conducted and compared, in which the workpieces were welded with and without compensatory gas jets at 154 cm/min and 167 cm/min, respectively. After high-speed welding with compensatory gas jet blow, the weld appearance was straight, uniform, and high-quality, with no humping bead or undercut defects. The macroscopic morphologies and microstructures of cross-sections of the weld at the toe, near the surface, the middle, and the bottom portion all showed the stirring effect of the gas jet on the molten pool and improved grain refinement degrees. Hardness was enhanced in the weld center and the heat-affected zone. At welding speeds of 154 cm/min and 167 cm/min, the fracture load capacities of the welds were increased by 24.9 and 10.4%, respectively.

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Murashkin, Michail. "Gnosis and metacognition." Grani 23, no. 1-2 (March 16, 2020): 33–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/172011.

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The article deals with gnosis and features of metacognition. Initially, the Gnostics considered whether the term "gnosis" was used, what knowledge did they gain from certain experiences. The subject matter of the study reveals important features of the human psyche. For example, the property of separating one’s self from the external environment is like seeing oneself from the side. This property empowers a person in communicating with other people. This expanded opportunity purifies the human being, because it leads to self-control. During vegetable growing, conditions of a special nature can be experienced by themselves. The Gnostics also spoke about it.The article states that the philosophy of gnosis operates through belief in the special inner world of man, the higher world. But this higher can only be felt when a person is in a state of enstasis as a compensatory trance.The article compares the gnosis of the ancient world with modern philosophical trends. Here, in the descriptions of the inner world of man, the divine transcendence is demonstrated. In this regard, the Gnostics sought knowledge of the true state of mind. This search is engaged in metacognition.The author of the article considers it necessary to clarify what metacognition is. A person has the ability to understand what he or she is thinking. Scientists call it metacognition. Metacognition is when a person feels the world not through the prism of his thoughts, but directly. We can also see this in Gnostics with deep compensatory enstasis, or compensatory trance. Then the person stands apart, because it breaks all the wrong connections. Gnosis tries to capture the knowledge of all these processes. Metacognition helps to establish certain characteristics of compensatory trance, to establish characteristics of compensatory illumination. Compensatory illumination may occur in a state of a particular type of trance. Therefore, the article tries to look at the relationship of compensatory trance and compensatory illumination.

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Rea, Roy V., and Hugues B. Massicotte. "Viewing Plant Systematics through a Lens of Plant Compensatory Growth." American Biology Teacher 72, no. 9 (November 1, 2010): 541–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/abt.2010.72.9.4.

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Plant compensatory growth is a phenomenon of exaggerated vegetative growth that occurs in plants as a result of mechanical damage (e.g., cutting or browsing). Because shoots, leaves, and other plant parts grow larger on plants undergoing compensation, they typically fall outside of the normal ranges given in plant identification keys and confuse students who are attempting to classify them. Here, we describe the conundrum faced by students collecting compensatory materials and offer suggestions on how to help students identify their ““plant-in-hand”” and how to seize a teaching moment to examine and explain the underlying processes that lead to this fascinating plant response.

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Ishunina, T. A., I. N. Bogolepova, and D. F. Swaab. "Morphofunctional Changes and Compensatory Mechanisms in the Human Brain with Aging and in Alzheimer's Disease." Journal of Anatomy and Histopathology 9, no. 1 (April 1, 2020): 77–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.18499/2225-7357-2020-9-1-77-85.

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The article focuses on age-related morphofunctional changes in the human brain and the issue of compensatory-adaptive mechanisms developed in normal aging. According to the scientific literature, the volume of white matter is reduced to a greater extent with aging, the fact associating with myelin fibers degeneration, the appearance of Virchow–Robin spaces and a decrease in the effectiveness of the blood-brain barrier. Atrophic processes in gray matter are currently associated not only with the death of neurons, but with degenerative changes in synapses, a decrease in their number, and reduction of dendritic branches and spines. A decrease in the size of pericarions resulting in a decrease in the number of large neurocytes and an increase in the proportion of small neurons is noted in certain brain structures. However, age-related neuronal hypertrophy is observed in the nuclei of the hypothalamus, Meinert’s basal nucleus. This is mostly manifested in the female group, and is undoubtedly associated with a decrease in estrogen levels and the period of menopause. An increase in the metabolic activity of neurons manifested by related changes in the size of the pericarions and nuclei of neurons and their Golgi complex can be attributed to compensatory-adaptive mechanisms that can delay or prevent the development of neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease. Neurons with a higher metabolic activity have better ability to self-repair. Due to this, neuron reactivation techniques are being developed with aging based on the selection of the correct stimulus. The growth of the glial cell population is also considered to be compensatory, since these cells are crucial for neuron adaptation and able to affect the level of neuronal RNA synthesis. Furthermore, the article highlights literature data on possible triggers of the compensatory capabilities of the brain with aging and under pathological processes.

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Pivtorak, Volodymyr, Volodymyr Monastyrskiy, Kateryna Pivtorak, and Mykola Bulko. "ADAPTATION PROCESSES IN A SINGLE KIDNEY AT THE ORGANIC, TISSUE, CELLULAR AND SUBCELLULAR LEVELS." Grail of Science, no. 12-13 (May 31, 2022): 614–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.36074/grail-of-science.29.04.2022.108.

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Adaptive processes in a single kidney after nephrectomy are manifested in the early stages of compensatory hypertrophy of the remaining kidney. Changes in kidney size (length, width, thickness) were determined. The results of studies have shown that the width of the kidney, not length, is a predictor of renal failure. Renal volume has been shown to be the optimal parameter for predicting renal function. Microscopic and submicroscopic changes of structural components of nephrons at different times after nephrectomy are described.

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Kharaeva, Z. F., V. A. Vissarionov, S. M. Mustafaeva, M. Sh Mustafaev, and E. M. Tarchokova. "Assessment of mediator regulation of inflammatory processes in children with congenital malformations of maxillo-facial area." Russian Journal of Dentistry 24, no. 1 (August 12, 2020): 28–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/1728-2802-2020-24-1-28-31.

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In the article results of mediator regulation of inflammatory processes in patients after one-sided (15 children) and reconstructive (15 children) rinocheiloplasty are presented. It is determined that in patients after reconstructive rinocheiloplasty at 57th day post operation antioxidant capacity of blood plasma is below normal values, that points on lack of compensatory increasing of anti-radical ferments. Specified deficit is necessary to be considered in conservative treatment by applying antioxidants.

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Nesi, Barbara, Antonio Taviani, Lucia D’Auria, Roberta Bardelli, Giuseppe Zuccarello, Daniela Platano, Maria Grazia Benedetti, and Francesco Benvenuti. "The Relationship between Gait Velocity and Walking Pattern in Hemiplegic Patients." Applied Sciences 13, no. 2 (January 10, 2023): 934. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13020934.

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Background Gait speed represents a functional predictor and an impairment severity index in stroke survivors; gait analysis parameters are descriptors of walking strategies used to compensate for the muscle impairment such as vaulting, circumduction and hip hiking. The aim of this study was to assess if there is a relationship between the gait compensatory strategy and gait speed of progression. Methods A sample of 30 patients with post-stroke hemiparesis was assessed for gait compensatory patterns through gait analysis and videorecording. BMI, pain-VAS, Barthel Index, Nottingham Extended ADL Scale, Motricity Index, lower limb muscles strength and aROMs were also included in the assessment. Results In 19 patients it was possible to identify one or more compensatory strategies; in 11 patients no specific gait pattern was found. The vaulting and hip hiking combined gait strategy had an effect on gait speed. Gait speed was directly related to Barthel Index, Nottingham Extended ADL Scale, Motricity Index of the paretic side and in particular with quadriceps and iliopsoas strength and hip extension aROM. Gender, age and paretic side did not influence gait speed. Conclusion Compensatory gait strategies influence gait speed but studies with larger sample size are needed to better highlight their impact.

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Bede, Peter, Ulrich Bogdahn, Jasmin Lope, KaiMing Chang, Sophia Xirou, and Foteini Christidi. "Degenerative and regenerative processes in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: motor reserve, adaptation and putative compensatory changes." Neural Regeneration Research 16, no. 6 (2021): 1208. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/1673-5374.300440.

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