Academic literature on the topic 'Comperative studies'

Category: Hindfoot Introduction/Purpose: The lateral oblique incision is widely used for calcaneal displacement osteotomy in correction of hindfoot deformities. Wound healing problems and neurovascular injury are limitations of this procedure. A technique using a Shannon burr for calcaneal displacement osteotomy was introduced to avoid these complications. The advantages of the percutaneos calcaneus osteotomy have been evaluated in a comperative study. Methods: Lateral oblique incision for calcaneus osteotomy was performed in 58 patients. The senior author changed the osteotomy technique 2014. Further 64 calcaneus osteotomies were performed percutaneously. The main indication for the calcaneus osteotomy was correction of hindfoot deformities. Complementary the number of screws used for the fixation have been axamined in the study. Results: The mean age of the patients was 51,6 (14-72) years. The patients were folled up for 12 months. All cases achieved radiographic union. Wound healing problems have been registrated in the open technique group in 16 patients (27,6%). Six of them (10,3%) required a surgical revision. No wound healing problems appeared in the percutaneous group. N. suralis was affected in the open technique group in 12 patients (20,6%) and in 4 patients (6,2%) in the percutaneous osteotomy group (p 0,02). The operating time was significantly shorter in the percutaneus osteotomy group. The correction of the hindfoot axis succeed in all patients. Risk of complication did not differ significantly between single and double screw in the percutaneous osteotomy group. Conclusion: The clinical and radiological examinations showed outstanding results. There is no evident difference between the two techniques in the radiological results. Use of a single screw in percutaneous osteotomy of the calcaneus did not increased the complication rate. The percutaneous calcaneal osteotomy had a lower complication rate in our study and is probably a useful technique in patients with diabetes and affected perfusion. Further randomised studies should consider this results.

<p>The development of technology innovatively and globally has influenced the field of education as well as all the industries and commeneced entailment of profound changes at all stages of education. In this context, it is observed that varied disciplines in universities are supporting their traditional educational methods with many new technologies in effort to provide appropriate new-era-training to the new generation of students who effectively use communication technologies. Many researches conducted in recent years indicate that technology enhances and enriches teaching and learning practices while contributing to create a collaborative and interactive learning environment. One of the new technologies that considered having a potential of providing new methods to education and introducing new pedagogical value is "Augmented Reality".</p><p>Augmented Reality (AR) stands out as one of the new technologies that combines the virtual world with the real world with its feature of transfering the virtual information to real environment in real time. As AR technology commenced to be used increasingly in many industries including defense and medicine and in many areas and disciplines including advertising and marketing, inevitably it will be used widely in educational processes because of its positive impact on teaching and learning methods. There are new studies in the direction of that AR fills the gap between theory and practice with its visuality and creativity based educational process with its feature of integrating the real with the virtual AR in the educational process, so that it simplifies and deepen the learning.</p><p>This study aimes to explore awareness and interest levels, and practical skills of communication faculty students in Turkey on AR applications. It is important to determine the ideas and skills to use technology of this group to be able to make a new student-centered education planning for students who are one side of the education process. Hence a research was conducted with the undergraduate students of communication faculty in which the departments have creativity based disciplines and use visual technologies. The research sample consists of students of five departments in Faculty of Communication at Kocaeli University. Data were collected from online questionnaires filled out by the students at the beginning of 2015 fall semester. The research is evaluated with its findings as a comperative study revealing the different approaches to the subject among the students who study in varied departments. In the study there are suggestions on AR’s contribution to the learning process along with the assessment made in the framework of the findings.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Özet</strong></p><p>Teknolojinin yenilikçi ve küresel biçimde gelişimi tüm sektörleri olduğu gibi eğitim alanını da etkilemiş, eğitimin tüm aşamalarında köklü değişiklikleri zorunlu kılmaya başlamıştır. Bu bağlamda üniversitelerde farklı disiplinlerin, iletişim teknolojilerini etkin biçimde kullanan yeni nesil öğrencilere çağa uygun eğitim vermek için geleneksel eğitim öğretim metotlarını birçok yeni teknoloji ile destekledikleri görülmektedir. Son yıllarda yapılan birçok araştırma teknolojinin öğretme ve öğrenim pratiklerini geliştirip zenginleştirdiğini, aynı zamanda işbirlikçi ve karşılıklı etkileşim sağlayan öğrenim ortamı yaratmaya katkı sunduğunu göstermektedir. Eğitim alanına yeni metotlar sağlama ve pedagojik değer sunma potansiyeli taşıdığı düşünülen yeni teknolojilerden biri de “Artırılmış Gerçeklik”tir.</p><p>Artırılmış Gerçeklik (AG), sanal enformasyonu gerçek zamanda gerçek ortama aktarabilme özelliği taşımasından dolayı gerçek dünya ile sanal dünyayı birleştiren yeni teknolojilerden biri olarak öne çıkmaktadır. Savunmadan sanayiye, tıptan reklam ve pazarlamaya birçok alan ve disiplinde giderek artan oranda kullanılmaya başlanan AG teknolojisinin eğitim ve öğrenme üzerindeki olumlu etkileri nedeniyle eğitim süreçlerinde de yaygınlaşması kaçınılmaz olacaktır. AG’nin gerçek olanla sanal olanı bütünleştirme özelliği taşımasına bağlı olarak eğitim sürecinde görselliği ve yaratıcılığı temel alarak teori ile pratik arasındaki boşluğu doldurduğu, dolayısıyla öğrenimi kolaylaştırıp derinleştirdiği yönünde yeni çalışmalar mevcuttur.</p><p>Bu çalışmada, Türkiye’de iletişim fakültesi öğrencilerinin AG uygulamaları hakkındaki farkındalık ve ilgi düzeyleri ile uygulama becerilerini keşfetmek amaçlanmıştır. Eğitim öğretim sürecinin taraflarından biri olan öğrencilere yönelik öğrenci merkezli yeni öğretim planlamaları yapabilmek için bu grubun düşünceleri ve teknoloji kullanma becerilerini saptamak önemlidir. Buradan hareketle görsel teknolojileri kullanan ve yaratıcılığın temel alındığı disiplinlerin yer aldığı iletişim fakültesi lisans öğrencileri üzerine bir araştırma yapılmıştır. Araştırmanın örneklemi Kocaeli Üniversitesi İletişim Fakültesi'nde bulunan beş bölümün öğrencilerinden oluşmaktadır. Veriler öğrenciler tarafından 2015 Güz dönemi başlangıcında doldurulan çevrim içi anket aracılığıyla toplanmıştır. Araştırmanın bulguları farklı bölümlerde öğrenim gören öğrencilerin konuya yaklaşımları arasındaki farklılıkları da ortaya koyan karşılaştırmalı bir çalışma olarak değerlendirilmektedir. Çalışmada bulgular çerçevesinde yapılan değerlendirme ile birlikte AG’nin öğrenim sürecine katkıları konusunda da öneriler yer almaktadır.</p>

The modern state of social-economic processes development demands increasing the level of food safety of the state, especially providing population by the high quality foods of domestic production, specifically by pork. One of criteria for estimating pigs' meatness is determining the fat thickness in different points of a trunk. The informative content of measuring in different parts of a trunk is different and it needs detailed study. The fat thickness is the most common as trait for pigs' meatness in the practice of pig breeding because it has high correlation with meat yield in carcasses. The aim of our research was the comparative study of fat deposition regularities in different parts of a trunk of Large White and Mirgorod pigs in different age periods. For conducting researches 24 pigs of both breeds with average live weight about 40 kg and at age not more 4 months were selected. The fat thickness was measured at live animals using ultrasonic device Draminski in such points: on withers, the level of the 6-7th thoracic vertebra, the level of the 1st-2nd loins vertebra and sacrum. Measuring the fat thickness was carried out at the age of 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 months. During researches it was carried out the statistical processing of obtained material. Reliability of obtained indexes of productivity was determined. Regularities of formatting fat thickness and fat deposition rate depending on the age were studied. For the results of researches it has been studied and compared economically valuable traits of the most spread domestic pigs of Large White and Mirgorod breeds. By comparative study of growth and development of young pigs of experimental and control groups it has been found that animals of Large White breed differed by lesser fat deposits in all points of measuring. Thus, at 6-months’ age they had lesser thickness of fat in all parts of a trunk. More expressed tendency was at withers and the level of the 6-7th thoracic vertebra, at that in the first case the difference between groups was reliable (p < 0.01). The fat deposition rate in young pigs of both breeds was not the same in different points of measuring along a trunk. Above mentioned tendencies were intensified with the age. Purebred animals of intrabreed type LW-1 at 7-months’ age had reliable less thickness of fat in comparison with the control group: on withers (p < 0.01), at the level of the 6-7th thoracic vertebra, the level of the 1st-2nd loins vertebra (p < 0.05) and on sacrum (p < 0.01). In future, according to economic and scientific expediency, the animals of Mirgorod breed were excluded from the experiment. Concerning Large White breed, the researches were finished when animals were at 8 months’ age. The process of fat deposition in Large White pigs was less intensive in comparison to Mirgorod breed. The highest relative rate of fat thickness increase in both breeds was observed at the level of the 1st-2nd loins vertebra. By statistical processing of the obtained materials it has been found that the difference of average arithmetical indexes (as absolute and relative) between the experimental and control groups during growth and development had distinct tendency to increasing in all points of measuring. The reliability of the difference between the averages in groups with the age of animals increased. A higher reliability of data was obtained at measuring of the front parts of a trunk of pigs at the level of the 6th-7th thoracic vertebra and on withers. The carried out researches at all points of measuring give the reason to confirm that the fat deposits of Large White pigs are less comparing to Mirgorod breed. Conclusions. 1. Carcasses of animals of intrabreed type ULW-1 are comparatively more technologically suitable and economically beneficial for agricultural proceeding industry. 2. Animals of intrabreed type ULW-1 at 7-months’ age had reliable less thickness of fat in comparison with the control group: on withers, at the level of the 6-7th thoracic vertebra, the level of the 1st-2nd loins vertebra and on sacrum. 3. The process of fat deposition in Large White pigs was less intensive in comparison to Mirgorod breed.

Abstract Study question Male infertility due to idiopathic oligoasthenoteratozoospermia- Does combining Letrozole as antiestrogenic with Coenzyme Q10 as antioxidant give better pregnancy rate ? Summary answer Combination of Co enzyme Q10 with Letrozole can significantly improve semen parameters and outcome of clinical pregnancy rate in idiopathic oligoasthenoteratozoospermic patients. What is known already Elevated levels of reactive oxygen species(ROS) are a major cause of idiopathic male factor infertility which results in sperm membrane lipid peroxidation, DNA damage and apoptosis leading to decrease sperm viability and motility. Antioxidant like Coenzyme Q10 have been used empiricallyin the treatment of oligoasthenozoospermia based on its ability to reverse oxidative stress and sperm dysfunction. Aromatase inhibitor like Letrozolehave been used in idiopathic male infertility by reducing estrogenic effect on spermatogenesis and reducing feedback inhibition of hypothalamopituatarygonadal axis. Thus a therapeutic strategy would need to use supplements to increase sperm energy metabilism, minimise free radical damage. Study design, size, duration Study design: prospective comperative clinical study Primary purpose: treatmenr Size: 60 infertile male attending OPD of SHRISTI HEALTHCARE diagnosed as idiopathic oligoasthenoteratozoospermia Duration: from March2018 to February 2020 Primary outcome: improvement in sperm count, motility and morphology after treatment Secondary outcome: clinical pregnancy rate and live birth rate. Participants/materials, setting, methods Exclusion criteria: Smoker, drug and alcohol abuse, medical treatment with gonadotropin and steroids, varicocele.60 patients were randomisedinto 3 groups. Gr A(N = 20) received Letrozole 2.5mg/day + Co enzyme Q10 300mg/day for 3 months, Gr B(N = 20) received Letrozole 2.5mg/day for 3 months, and Gr C(N = 20) received Coenzyme Q10 300mg/day for 3 months. History taking, general examination, semen analysis, sr.FSH,LH, Testesteron, E2 and scrotal duplex were done for all patients. Main results and the role of chance After treatment, Gr A as compared to Gr B and C showed significant imprivement in all 3 parameters of semen eg sperm count( 3.15±3.38 - 20.9±2.11, p &lt; 0.001), sperm motility( 5.25±3.25 - 42.85±3.30, p &lt; 0.001), sperm morphology( 2.26±7.81 - 25.89±7.05, p &lt; 0.001). Improvement in sperm count and morphology was seen in Gr B(Letrozole gr) but not in sperm motility whereas Gr C ( Co enzyme Q10 gr)showed significant improvement in sperm motility and morphology but not in sperm count. 10 pregnancies occured during follow up period of 1 yr. Clinical pregnancy rate was 30%in Gr A(6/20), 5% in Gr B(1/20), AND 15% in Gr C( 3/20). Live birth rate was 83% in Gr A(5/6), 33.3% inGr C(1/3) whereas sponteneous abortion occured in Gr B pregnancy. Limitations, reasons for caution Limitation of my study was the small sample sizewhich could have some bias in outcome. I did not evaluate DNA fragmentation and level of ROS. Latest evidences report that evaluating ROS can be a diagnostic tool in predictingthe best responder to supplementation. Wider implications of the findings: Majority of studies had investigated the effect of antioxidant and aromatase inhibitor on semen parameter but few concluded their effect on live birth rate. Assisted reproductive techniques are expensive and not universally available, so any pharmacological agent with satisfactory effectiveness should be considered as 1st line treatment of oligoasthenoteratozoospermia. Trial registration number Not applicable

Changes of physical, functional and social structure of the city as a result of the group of variously interrelated changes and events that are fundamentally participate in the formation of the image of the urban development. This doctoral thesis is based on research of the historical city center - squared. First part is focuses on the historical development of urban texture of the inner city of Brno and its squares. We are talking about Square of Freedom, Vegetable Market, Dominican square, Jacobs square, Capuchins square and Šilingrovo square. Based on individual characteristics, describing the emergence of morphological and functional changes in Brno square was created urban classification of basic types of square. City of Brno, as the capital city of region has a significant position in the structure of settlements. This fact has become one of the key aspects for the selection of examples of European cities and their squares. The second part of the thesis is based on comparative studies of different types of historical squares. In order to define the value of public spaces, it is necessary to look at the public places of historical perspective and deal with the causes that led to the decline of the importance and role of public spaces. Austrian capital cities of region (Graz, Linz, Klagenfurt and Salzburg) will be examined with regard to similar climatic conditions and a common cultural and historical context of the city. Based on urban patterns and graphic diagrams of each square are observed inner relationships between shapes of square, form, function and location of the position of an artwork. Research areas are also focused on comparing aspects of transport, green space, functional use, visual unit and social activities. The public space is shaped by a set of characteristics that promote diversity and interdependence of functions. For a better interpretation of the results have been established two benchmarks - symbol of identification with the place and the Magnet (function and filling space). The objective of the thesis is to define an aspects and elements of space which were involved in square use.

Die Entwicklungsschübe der modernen Medien im 20. Jahrhundert haben die Wechselbeziehungen zwischen den Künsten, den Medien, den Sinnesmodalitäten, den verbalen und nonverbalen Ausdrucks- und Zeichenprozessen verstärkt und erweitert. Im Zuge dieser Entwicklungen sind Genre- und Formatfragen über das disziplinäre Interesse einzelner Kunst- und Medienwissenschaften hinaus ins Aufmerksamkeitsfeld einer vergleichenden Medienästhetik und -dramaturgie ge-rückt. Aufbauend auf den Erkenntnissen von Kalisch 2014, 2016 und den Überlegungen Gaudreaults 2009 zu einer Unterscheidung zwischen Narration und Monstration, ist es gelungen ein Modell zur Analyse von Werken unter dem Ausgangspunkt von Dramaturgie und Präsentationsstruktur herauszubilden, das für jedwedes dramaturgisch motiviertes und fiktionales Werk verwendet werden kann, unab-hängig vom Medium. Als Mittel zur Verdeutlichung der Thesen wird Horror als ästhetische Kategorie definiert, die einen direkten Einfluss auf die narrativen Strukturen eines Werkes besitzt, was den narrativ-monstrativen Doppelcharakter von Werken belegt und ferner verdeutlicht, dass Erzählung und Formung eines Werkes untrennbar verbunden sind. Die Dualität von Dramaturgie und Präsenta-tionsstruktur wird in der Formung eines Werkes offenbar. Um dies zu verdeutli-chen, werden im Verlauf der Arbeit kursorisch Beispiele von Werken mit Schre-ckensinhalten diskutiert und analysiert. Basierend auf diesem Modell wird eine Diskussion des Themenkomplexes von Intermedialität und Transmedialität im Spannungsverhältnis zur Komparistik der Künste durchgeführt. In der Folge wird eine Ästhetik des Schreckens diskutiert und anhand von ästhetischen Wertungskategorien aufgezeigt. Abschließend werden drei narrativ-motivierte Konzeptionen für dramaturgisch angetriebene Schre-ckensinszenierungen aufgeführt, die zur Kategorisierung von Werken angewendet werden können: düstere Präfiguration, düstere Konfiguration und düstere Manifestation.
The development in modern media during the 20th century (from movies over television to the hybrid forms of audiovisual and textual media in the internet) reveals interdependencies between art, media, the modalities of senses, the verbal and nonverbal dictions and semiotic processes that have evolved and expanded themselfes. According to this progress the interest in art and media studies should achive a collective interest in the changes of genre and formats, instead of a sepa-rated observation of only single disciplines. Following the Prolegomena on a comperative drama of media by Eleonore Ka-lisch (Kalisch 2014) and the thougts of André Gaudreault on Narration and Mon-stration (Gaudreault 2009) this thesis bulids a system to analyse works of fiction (e. g. movies, pictures, literature, video games). This system allows to analyse and compare works of fiction based on drama and presentation structure. The horror genre is used to show the mechanics of this system. Horror has a direct influence on the narrative structure of a work and manifests a duality of narration and mon-stration (Kalisch 2016), that binds drama and presentation to each other and shows the necessity of a separated consideration on both aspects. The duality of drama and presentation reveals itself during the modeling of a work of fiction. Build on the system the discourse is open to discuss intermetiality and transmedi-ality and their influence on the field of interest. Furthermore, an aesthetic of hor-ror is defined by evaluation categories of aesthetic indicators. In the end three types of narrativ driven concepts of horror are revealed and discussed: gloomy pre-figuaration, gloomy configuration and gloomy manifestation.