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1
Kelz, Robert. Competing Germanies. Cornell University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501739859.001.0001.
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Following World War II, German antifascists and nationalists in Buenos Aires believed theater was crucial to their efforts at community-building, and each population devoted considerable resources to competing against its rival onstage. This book tracks the paths of several stage actors from European theaters to Buenos Aires and explores how two of Argentina's most influential immigrant groups, German nationalists and antifascists (Jewish and non-Jewish), clashed. Theatrical performances articulated strident Nazi, antifascist, and Zionist platforms. Meanwhile, as their thespian representatives grappled onstage for political leverage among emigrants and Argentines, behind the curtain, conflicts simmered within partisan institutions and among theatergoers. Publicly they projected unity, but offstage nationalist, antifascist, and Zionist populations were rife with infighting on issues of political allegiance, cultural identity and, especially, integration with their Argentine hosts. The book reveals interchange and even mimicry between antifascist and nationalist German cultural institutions. Furthermore, performances at both theaters also fit into contemporary invocations of diasporas, including taboos and postponements of return to the native country, connections among multiple communities, and forms of longing, memory, and (dis)identification. Sharply divergent at first glance, their shared condition as cultural institutions of emigrant populations caused the antifascist Free German Stage and the nationalist German Theater to adopt parallel tactics in community-building, intercultural relationships, and dramatic performance. Its cross-cultural, polyglot blend of German, Jewish, and Latin American studies gives the book a wide, interdisciplinary academic appeal and offers a novel intervention in Exile studies through the lens of theater, in which both victims of Nazism and its adherents remain in focus.
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Kölch, Michael, Jörg M. Fegert, and Ulrike M. E. Schulze. Child and Adolescent Mental Health Care. Edited by John Z. Sadler, K. W. M. Fulford, and Cornelius Werendly van Staden. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198732365.013.17.
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In child and adolescent mental health care, the competing goals of protecting young people as a vulnerable population and their increasing legal autonomy constitute a specific ethical problem. Improving care, assessment, and treatment interventions requires research. Research that includes this vulnerable underage population has to be minimally burdensome and harmful and requires the informed consent of both children and parents. Therefore, adherence to evidence-based interventions and weighing the risks and benefits of interventions are of utmost importance in child and adolescent psychiatry. While access to mental health care can vary widely, it is crucial for at-risk populations such as children from families of low socioeconomic status, children of the mentally ill, and, in particular, children in youth welfare systems.
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Ogburn, Dennis. Chinchaysuyu and the Northern Inca Territory. Edited by Sonia Alconini and Alan Covey. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190219352.013.36.
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Based on available archaeological and ethnohistorical data, this chapter examines the nature of Inca presence in the norther portion of the empire. Located in present-day Ecuador, this region had a singular importance in the last phases of Inca imperial expansion. This contribution provides an overview of the Inca occupation and the different forms of integration that the populations dwelling in the sierra, coast, and tropical oriente experienced. The discussion also highlights the importance of the Inca centers of Tomebamba and Quito in the imperial politics, and the system of defensive fortifications along the imperial frontiers. It also discusses the complex relations that the Inca established with competing polities like the Caranqui and Cañari among many others. Altogether, this illustrates the complexity of the complexity of the Inca conquest in the Northern region, and the remaining work to be done in the future.
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Information services to diverse populations: Developing culturally competent library professionals. Libraries Unlimited, an imprint of ABC-CLIO, LLC, 2017.
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Kaiser Permanente. National Diversity Council. and Kaiser Permanente. National Diversity Dept., eds. A provider's handbook on culturally competent care: Latino population. 2nd ed. [Oakland, CA]: National Diversity Dept., Kaiser Permanente, 2001.
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Kaiser Permanente. National Diversity Council. and Kaiser Permanente. National Diversity Dept., eds. A provider's handbook on culturally competent care: African American population. 2nd ed. [Oakland, CA]: Kaiser Permanente, 2003.
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7
Spinner, Gary F., Jean R. Anderson, Joseph A. Church, Renata Arrington-Sanders, Aroonsiri Sangarlangkarn, Paul W. DenOuden, Madeline B. Deutsch, et al. Issues in Specific Patient Populations. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190493097.003.0013.
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It is estimated that 61% of new HIV infections are transmitted by patients who have either dropped out of care or are not taking their medications. In order to improve patient adherence and retention-in-care, efforts to enhance trust in health care providers require a broader understanding of the diversity and cultures of many different groups of patients with HIV. Children, adolescents, women, older patients, transgender patients, incarcerated patients, homeless patients, and rural and migrant patients represent special populations the care of which requires cultural competency and awareness of their special needs. Becoming competent in developing a clinician–patient relationship across cultural differences is very important.
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Kaiser Permanente. National Diversity Council. and Kaiser Permanente. National Diversity Dept., eds. A provider's handbook on culturally competent care: Asian and Pacific Islander population. 2nd ed. [Oakland, CA]: National Diversity Dept., Kaiser Permanente, 2003.
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9
Tannous, Jack. The Making of the Medieval Middle East. Princeton University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691179094.001.0001.
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In the second half of the first millennium CE, the Christian Middle East fractured irreparably into competing churches and Arabs conquered the region, setting in motion a process that would lead to its eventual conversion to Islam. This book argues that key to understanding these dramatic religious transformations are ordinary religious believers, often called “the simple” in late antique and medieval sources. Largely agrarian and illiterate, these Christians outnumbered Muslims well into the era of the Crusades, and yet they have typically been invisible in our understanding of the Middle East's history. What did it mean for Christian communities to break apart over theological disagreements that most people could not understand? How does our view of the rise of Islam change if we take seriously the fact that Muslims remained a demographic minority for much of the Middle Ages? In addressing these and other questions, the book provides a sweeping reinterpretation of the religious history of the medieval Middle East. The book draws on a wealth of Greek, Syriac, and Arabic sources to recast these conquered lands as largely Christian ones whose growing Muslim populations are properly understood as converting away from and in competition with the non-Muslim communities around them.
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Beaulieu, Monica, Catherine Weber, Nadia Zalunardo, and Adeera Levin. Chronic kidney disease long-term outcomes. Edited by David J. Goldsmith. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0097.
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Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with a variety of outcomes, some of which are directly and indirectly related to kidney disease, but which ultimately impact on patients’ quality of life and long-term outcomes. The events to which people with CKD are exposed ultimately determine their risk and prognosis of both progression to needing renal replacement therapy, or other morbidities and mortalities. The notion of competing risk is important. The five major outcomes of CKD are: progression of CKD, progression to ESRD (either dialysis or transplantation); death; cardiovascular events; infections; and hospitalizations. Where data is available, not only the risk of the specific outcome, but the factors which may predict those outcomes are described. Each section describes what is currently known about the frequency of the outcome, the limitations of that knowledge, the risk factors associated with outcome, and implications for care and future research. Available published literature often describes outcomes in CKD populations as if it is a homogenous group of patients. But it is well documented that outcomes in those with CKD differ depending on stage or severity, and whether they are or are not known to specialists. Where possible, each section ensures that the specific CKD cohort(s) from which the information is derived is clearly described.
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Kaiser Permanente. National Diversity Council. and Kaiser Permanente National Diversity, eds. A provider's handbook on culturally competent care: Lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender population. 2nd ed. [Oakland, Calif.]: Kaiser Permanente National Diversity Council and Kaiser Permanente National Diverstiy, 2004.
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12
Armstrong, Fraser, and Katherine Blundell, eds. Energy... beyond oil. Oxford University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199209965.001.0001.
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As the Earth's oil supply runs out, and the effects of climate change threaten nations and their populations, the search for carbon-neutral sources of energy becomes more important and increasingly urgent. This book focuses on solutions to the energy problem, and not just the problem itself. It describes the major energy-generation technologies currently under development, and provides an authoritative summary of the current status of each one. It stresses the need for a balanced portfolio of alternative energy technologies. Certain solutions will be more appropriate than others in particular locations, due to the differences in availability of natural resources such as solar, wind, wave, tidal and geothermal. In addition, nuclear options (both fission and fusion), as well as technologies such as fuel cells, photovoltaics, artificial photosynthesis and hydrogen (as an energy carrier), all have a potential role to play. A state-of-the-art critique of energy efficiency in building design is also included. Each chapter is written by an acknowledged international expert and provides a non-technical overview of the competing and complementary approaches to energy generation. Broad in scope and comprehensive in treatment, Energy..beyond Oil provides an authoritative synthesis of the scientific and technological issues which are essential to the survival of the human race in the near future. The book will be of interest and use to graduate students and researchers in all areas of energy studies, and will also be highly useful for policy-makers and professionals in the environmental sector as well as a more general readership who wish to learn more about this extremely topical subject.
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Hintz, Lisel. National Identities in Turkey. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190655976.003.0003.
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This chapter presents the empirical data collected and analyzed through intertextual analysis to extract competing proposals for Turkish national identity among the country’s population. The analysis includes examination of social and news media sources, interviews, surveys, and archives. The empirical data are also collected from popular culture sources such as novels, television shows, and films to capture vernacular discourse otherwise inaccessible to the researcher. The chapter employs a framework of identity content to parse out the constitutive norms, social purposes, relational meanings, and cognitive worldviews of citizens of Turkey. The four composite proposals that emerge are Republican Nationalism, Pan-Turkic Nationalism, Ottoman Islamism, and Western Liberalism. This process of identity extraction through intertextual analysis lays the groundwork for examining the red lines, or points of intolerability, across competing proposals for Turkey’s national identity.
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Rayner, Mike, Kremlin Wickramasinghe, Julianne Williams, Karen McColl, and Shanthi Mendis. The sociopolitical landscape of NCDs, Part I. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198791188.003.0004.
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The sociopolitical landscape of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) is presented in two chapters in this book. This is the first chapter which introduces the topic. It shows how the recent demographic shifts have changed the global landscape, creating a fertile ground for the rise in the NCD burden. It describes how changes in disease patterns in low- and middle-income countries and factors such as the ageing population, urbanization, globalization, and cultural and political changes have contributed to the problem. Importantly, this chapter sets the scene to introduce NCDs as a development problem, which requires a global political response as demonstrated with the sustainable development goals (SDGs; SDGs and NCDs are discussed in later chapters). This chapter also considers the ways that competing voices and vested interests impact on NCD prevention activities.
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Ryan, Karen. The “Dorset Problem” Revisited. Edited by Max Friesen and Owen Mason. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199766956.013.37.
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The origins and development of Dorset culture, recognized in 1925 by Diamond Jenness, remain poorly understood despite decades of research. This chapter considers how Dorset was initially defined, before highlighting the three competing theories proposed to explain the transition from Pre-Dorset to Dorset: the first arguing for widespread continuity and gradual change from Pre-Dorset into Dorset throughout the Eastern Arctic; the second contending that large-scale population discontinuities occurred as regional Pre-Dorset groups were replaced by a single expanding “Core Area” Dorset populace; with the third envisioning a more complex demographic history involving local developments and multiple minicore areas. Following this, the traits most frequently used to distinguish Early and Middle Dorset are summarized before the ramifications of new analyses on the perceived culture-historical position of Early and Middle Dorset are discussed.
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Thiruchelvam, Nikesh. Benign prostatic hyperplasia. Edited by Christopher R. Chapple. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199659579.003.0057.
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Male lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) has a multifactorial aetiology and is not simply solely due to bladder outflow obstruction (BOO) from benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Other causes of LUTS include bladder dysfunction, malignant prostatic disease, urethral disease, and medical conditions such as polyuria and sleep disorders. In an ageing population, LUTS and BPH will become more common. BOO can only be diagnosed by urodynamic evaluation, although treatment can be started before requiring this invasive investigation. Once considered the only treatment option for BOO, open prostatectomy has been surpassed by TURP and over the past few decades by medical therapy for BPH. α-blockers and 5-α reductase inhibitors improve LUTS and in combination, can reduce the progression of BPH. There are now many competing surgical options for TURP including a variety of laser ablating and enucleating techniques. To date, no one endourological option shows superiority on outcome and complication rates.
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Richard, Mark. Meanings as Species. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198842811.001.0001.
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One kind of meaning is constituted by what we need to grasp about usage to be competent participants in a community’s linguistic practices. This book proposes that this sort of meaning is primarily a matter of common knowledge about the presuppositions speakers make in using their language. It argues we should think of this as a population-level, process-like phenomenon. It’s population-level since what needs to be grasped is determined by a rough equilibrium of assumptions across speakers; it’s process-like since what needs to be grasped is a dynamic property of a practice: the competent speaker needs to track how what’s taken for granted about a community’s words fluctuates as the environment changes what is salient to all. The case for thinking of meaning in this way is a matter of its payoffs in theorizing about language. Thinking of meaning in this way reconciles Quine’s skepticism about an epistemically interesting sort of analyticity with the belief that everyday talk about meaning tracks something real, something about which we can and should theorize. It helps ground a sensible way of thinking about philosophical analysis and the role of our intuitions therein, and helps resolve a number of puzzles about relations between illocution and meaning. It helps ground a way of thinking about our practices of ascribing content to others. And it helps provide an understanding of ‘conceptual engineering’—as an attempt to add or subtract from interpretive common ground but not (necessarily) to shift reference—that makes such engineering look like a sensible, conceivably successful project.
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Molinari, Victor, ed. Specialty Competencies in Geropsychology. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med:psych/9780195385670.001.0001.
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This resource describes the foundational and functional competencies underlying geropsychology, which is the area in professional psychology that focuses on the psychological and behavioral aspects of aging. Because of the demand for competent psychological services growing within the United States as a function of the aging of the population, the Commission for the Recognition of Specialties and Proficiencies in Professional Psychology (CRSPPP) recently has designated professional geropsychology as a specialty. Based in large part on the Pikes Peaks model for training in professional geropsychology, this online resource offers guidance on how to apply scientific findings about psychological aging to improve the lives of older adults.
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Korkeila, Maarit, Bengt Lindholm, and Peter Stenvinkel. The obese patient (metabolic syndrome). Edited by Giuseppe Remuzzi. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0168.
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Overweight and obesity cause pathophysiological changes in renal function and increase the risk for chronic kidney disease in otherwise healthy subjects. This should not be a surprise as the risk factors for metabolic syndrome largely overlap with those for chronic kidney disease. Intentional weight loss has beneficial effects on risk factors, but long term effects are less clear. Bariatric surgery does seem to achieve rapid benefits on blood pressure and proteinuria as well as on other aspects of metabolic syndrome, but its long term implications for kidney function are less clear cut as there may be an increased risk of nephrolithiasis, and possibly AKI and other complications.Obesity in haemodialysis patients is one of those paradoxical examples of reverse epidemiology where a factor associated with negative outcomes in the general population is associated with better outcomes in dialysis patients. The same is true for high blood cholesterol values. Interpretation is complicated by complex competing outcomes and confounders.
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Sanders, Matthew R., and Trevor G. Mazzucchelli, eds. The Power of Positive Parenting. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med-psych/9780190629069.001.0001.
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The single most important thing we can do as a society to positively transform the lives of children and prevent social, emotional, and behavioral problems and child maltreatment is to increase the knowledge, skills, and confidence of parents in the task of raising children at a whole-of-population level. This book provides an in-depth description of a comprehensive population-based approach to enhancing competent parenting known as the Triple P—Positive Parenting Program. Delivered as a multilevel system of intervention within a public health framework, Triple P represents a paradigm shift in how parenting support is provided. The Power of Positive Parenting is structured in eight sections that address every aspect of the Triple P system, including (a) the foundations and an overview of the approach; (b) how the system can be applied to a diverse range of child presentations; (c) the theoretical and practical issues involved in working with different types of parents and caregivers; (d) the importance of, and how parenting support can be provided in, a range of delivery contexts; (e) how the system can respond to and embrace cultural diversity of families everywhere; (f) the strategies needed to make large-scale, population-level implementation of the system succeed; (g) lessons learned from real-world applications of the full multilevel approach to parenting support at a population level; and (h) future directions and how further program development and innovation can be supported for this approach to reach its full potential in positively transforming the lives of all children, parents, and communities.
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Robinson, Greg, and Robert S. Chang, eds. Minority Relations. University Press of Mississippi, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.14325/mississippi/9781496810458.001.0001.
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The question of how relations between marginalized groups are impacted by their common and sometimes competing search for equal rights has become acutely important. Demographic projections make it easy now to imagine a future majority population of color in the United States. This book sets forth some of the issues involved in the interplay among members of various racial, ethnic, and sexual minorities. Robert S. Chang initiated the Intergroup Conflict and Cooperation Project and invited the book's author to collaborate. The two brought together scholars from different backgrounds and disciplines to engage a set of interrelated questions confronting groups generally considered minorities. This collection strives to stimulate further thinking and writing by social scientists, legal scholars, and policymakers on inter-minority connections. Particularly, scholars test the limits of intergroup cooperation and coalition building. For marginalized groups, coalition building seems to offer a pathway to addressing economic discrimination and reaching some measure of justice with regard to opportunities. The need for coalitions also acknowledges a democratic process in which racialized groups face significant difficulty gaining real political power, despite such legislation as the Voting Rights Act.
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Ware, Anthony, and Costas Laoutides. Myanmar's 'Rohingya' Conflict. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190928865.001.0001.
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Myanmar's Rohingya Muslims have been subject to human rights abuses, been denied citizenship, and most recently, faced ethnic cleansing. Well over half the Rohingya population who use to live in Myanmar have been displaced by violence, with over a million Rohingya refugees now sheltering in Bangladesh. This conflict has become a litmus test for change in Myanmar, a country in transition, and current assessments are far from positive. Whitewashing by the military, and a refusal by Aung San Suu Kyi's government to even use the name 'Rohingya', adds to international skepticism. This book explores this long-running tripartite conflict between the Rohingya, Rakhine and Burman ethnic groups, and offers a new analysis of the complexities of the conflict: the fears and motivations driving it and the competition to control historical representations and collective memory. By exploring these competing narratives in detail and interrogating their historicity, by offering detailed sociopolitical analysis of the conflict dynamics against models of conflict in the literature, and by examining the international dimensions of the conflict, this book offers new insights into what is preventing a peaceful resolution to this intractable conflict.
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Kapoor, Reena, and Ezra E. H. Griffith. Cultural competence. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199360574.003.0060.
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Disparities exist in the rate of incarceration of minorities, with substantial elevations occurring in African American, Latino, and Native populations. Cultural competence is an essential aspect of providing mental health care in any setting. An understanding of culture is even more important in correctional settings, as several unique factors may lead to conflict and misunderstanding if not adequately addressed. First, minority ethnic groups are vastly overrepresented in prisons and jails, so a familiarity with the predominant culture of those groups is necessary to engage inmates in treatment and diagnose them accurately. Second, mental health clinicians may be unfamiliar with law enforcement culture, which heavily influences the practices of corrections officers and differs significantly from health care culture. Third, many correctional psychiatrists grow up and train outside the United States, bringing their own cultural beliefs about crime and punishment into the American health care system. As the field of cultural psychiatry has developed, scholars have attempted to apply its principles to the correctional setting to deliver competent care in prisons and jails. These papers have provided guidance to correctional mental health clinicians on matters such as immigrant populations, language barriers, validity of psychological testing in different ethnic groups, stigma of mental illness in prison, religion’s role in coping with the stress of incarceration, and many others. This chapter reviews the evolution of cultural competence skills in correctional settings and current best practices in jails and prisons to optimize effective treatment outcomes.
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Ross, Lori E., and Abbie E. Goldberg. Perinatal Experiences of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender People. Edited by Amy Wenzel. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199778072.013.003.
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This essay aims to educate scholars and practitioners about the context of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) parenting and perinatal psychology in LGBT people to further research on this population, as well as to ensure provision of appropriate care during the perinatal period. The essay begins by providing an overview of the minority stress framework, a theoretical framework that is useful in understanding the mental health concerns of LGBT people. The essay then discusses language and definitional issues, providing a brief glossary of key terms necessary for culturally competent work with LGBT people. Next, an overview is provided of the ways in which LGBT people are forming families in contemporary society. The body of the essay reviews existing literature on the transition to parenthood and perinatal mental health experiences of LGBT people and closes with some conclusions and future directions for research that follow from the existing literature.
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Short, Courtney A. Uniquely Okinawan. Fordham University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5422/fordham/9780823288380.001.0001.
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This study explores the planning considerations of the United States military in formulating and implementing policy for the occupation of Okinawa from April 1945 to July 1946. American soldiers, Marines, and sailors on Okinawa encountered not only a Japanese enemy, but a large local population. The Okinawans were ethically different from the Japanese, yet Okinawa shared politics with Japan as a legal prefecture. When devising occupation policies, the United States military analyzed practical military considerations such as resources, weapons capability and terrain, as well as attempted to ascertain a conclusive definition of Okinawa’s relation to Japan through conscious, open, rational analysis of racial and ethnic identity. While the Marines held steadfast to the image of the enemy civilian, soldiers’ ideas about the race, ethnicity, and identity of the Okinawans evolved through their interactions with the civilians on the battlefield. As the population exhibited obedience and cooperation, the Army expressed feelings of kinship toward the civilians and reshaped its military government policies toward leniency. With the exception of the Marines, the U.S. military recognized the Okinawans as competent and civilized: a group that formed a distinct, separate, unique ethnic community that was neither American nor Japanese in its likeness. Considerations of race, ethnicity, and identity by the Americans deeply influenced the conduct of the occupation beyond practical concerns of resources and battlefield conditions. The mercurial nature of the identity of the Okinawans displays both the malleability of race and ethnicity and its centrality in occupation planning.
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Mendoza-Garcia, Gabriela. The Jarabe Tapatío. Edited by Anthony Shay and Barbara Sellers-Young. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199754281.013.022.
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This work focuses on how Mexico’s early twentieth-century educational system promoted the teaching and performance of the Jarabe Tapatío, which is considered to be the national dance of Mexico, in order to culturally unify the country. It argues that in 1920s Mexico, the Jarabe Tapatío worked alongside educational policies designed to assimilate the indigenous and peasant communities, reinforce class status, and encourage nationalistic sentiment. Drawing on archival research and interviews conducted by the author, this work traces the history of the Jarabe Tapatío to demonstrate how it has been re-invented to imagine the Mexican nation. It then delves into early twentieth-century perspectives of nation, competing ideas of nation, avenues of negotiation, and the cultural nationalist movement as propelled by Secretary of Education, José Vasconcelos, to better understand the underlying governmental philosophies behind the promotion of the Jarabe Tapatío within the public school system. This work analyzes three 1920s performances of this dance showing how renditions of the Jarabe Tapatío within public- school systems crossed social class and racial lines. Furthermore, it analyzes the way in which dance as well as the teaching and performance of the Jarabe Tapatío within the Cultural Missions in 1920s Mexico functioned to image the nation as a homogenous population of mestizos. Finally, throughout her writings, the author introduces the life story of Alura Flores de Angeles, the “Godmother of Mexican Dance,” to demonstrate how folkloric dance was codified, collected, and disseminated within the 1920s Mexican educational system.