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Journal articles on the topic 'Competition (Psychology)'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 29 July 2024

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1

Garcia, Stephen M., Avishalom Tor, and Tyrone M. Schiff. "The Psychology of Competition." Perspectives on Psychological Science 8, no. 6 (November 2013): 634–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1745691613504114.

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2

O’Donoghue, Raphall. "Psychology for Training and Competition." Sport Psychologist 3, no. 3 (September 1989): 278–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/tsp.3.3.278.

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3

Packheiser, Julian, Roland Pusch, Clara C. Stein, Onur Güntürkün, Harald Lachnit, and Metin Uengoer. "How competitive is cue competition?" Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 73, no. 1 (August 14, 2019): 104–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1747021819866967.

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Cue competition refers to phenomena indicating that learning about the relationship between a cue and an outcome is influenced by learning about the predictive significance of other cues that are concurrently present. In two autoshaping experiments with pigeons, we investigated the strength of competition among cues for predictive value. In each experiment, animals received an overexpectation training (A+, D+ followed by AD+). In addition, the training schedule of each experiment comprised two control conditions—one condition to evaluate the presence of overexpectation (B+ followed by BY+) and a second one to assess the strength of competition among cues (C+ followed by CZ−). Training trials were followed by a test with individual stimuli (A, B, C). Experiment 1 revealed no evidence for cue competition as responding during the test mirrored the individual cue–outcome contingencies. The test results from Experiment 2, which included an outcome additivity training, showed cue competition in form of an overexpectation effect as responding was weaker for Stimulus A than Stimulus B. However, the test results from Experiment 2 also revealed that responding to Stimulus A was stronger than to Stimulus C, which indicates that competition among cues was not as strong as predicted by some influential theories of associative learning.
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Tjosvold, Dean, David W. Johnson, Roger T. Johnson, and Haifa Sun. "Competitive motives and strategies: Understanding constructive competition." Group Dynamics: Theory, Research, and Practice 10, no. 2 (2006): 87–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/1089-2699.10.2.87.

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5

Robson, Bonnie E. "Competition in Sport, Music, and Dance." Medical Problems of Performing Artists 19, no. 4 (December 1, 2004): 160–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.21091/mppa.2004.4026.

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This paper reviews the literature in sports psychology that may be relevant in the study of competition in music and dance education, giving the reader a basis for comparison of the arts literature. Opinions vary on whether competition is good or bad for the developing child. Some believe that competitiveness is innate behavior and that competition is a motivation for high achievement. Others believe that competition detracts from performance as the increased stress and anxiety lead to a decrease in focus and, perhaps, to a decrease in self-esteem, especially for individuals with an ego orientation (a focus on comparison with others) as opposed to a mastery orientation (focus on improvement of one’s own skills). The instruments used to measure the temperamental characteristics related to competition are discussed, including the Competitive Trait Anxiety Inventory and the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory. The paper then discusses the specific research that has been done on competition in music education and in dance education. Further research is needed to determine how much competition is healthy and whether the work in sports psychology can be adapted to research in the arts.
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6

Mehta, Dr Vikas. "Role and Benefits of Sports Psychology for the Improvement of Performance of Sports Persons." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 3 (March 31, 2022): 1443–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.40618.

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Abstract: The acceptance of sport psychology, both as an academic discipline as well as an applied process, has grown considerably over the past 2 years. Sports performance is determined by a combination of physiological factors, technical skill, tactical insight and state of mind. Every top sportsperson knows that their best performances come from their mind as much as their body. Not many to the world of competitive athletics would argue with the significance of being psychologically ready just before an athletic competition along with the want to help keep this specific mindset during a competitive competition. As a result, the goal of this report is actually providing the viewer with a basic framework depicting how mental skills education translates into enhanced competition efficiency. This particular framework is meant to help bridge the common "understanding gap" that's presently being described by a lot of coaches and athletes, while simultaneously helping sport psychology practitioners market their valuable services to specific athletes & teams. The paper concluded by stating sport psychology must be used as scientific instruction ways for athletes to be able to improve sports performance. Keyword: sports psychology, athlete, performance
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7

Côté, Jean, John H. Salmela, and Storm Russell. "The Knowledge of High-Performance Gymnastic Coaches: Competition and Training Considerations." Sport Psychologist 9, no. 1 (March 1995): 76–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/tsp.9.1.76.

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The purpose of this study is to report the knowledge used in training and competition by 17 expert high-performance gymnastic coaches. A qualitative research methodology was used to collect and inductively analyze the data. The knowledge elicited for the competition component was categorized as competition site, competition floor, and trial competitions. These categories indicated that the coaches are minimally involved with the gymnasts in competition. The knowledge of the coaches elicited within the training component were categorized as coach involvement in training, intervention style, technical skills, mental skills, and simulation. Properties of these categories that were extensively discussed by the expert coaches, such as teaching progressions, being supportive, and helping athletes to deal with stress, are consistent with the literature on coaching and on sport psychology. Other aspects considered important in the sport psychology literature, such as developing concentration skills, were not discussed as thoroughly by the expert coaches.
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8

Halynska, Anhelina, and Zhao Bingxu. "THE CHARACTERISTICS OF CHINESE SPORTS PSYCHOLOGY OF MANAGEMENT AND ITS APPLICATION IN TRAINING AND COMPETITION." Collection of scientific research papers State University of Infrastructure and Technologies Section “Economics and Management” 51 (June 30, 2022): 14–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.32703/2664-2964-2022-51-14-19.

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Sports psychology of management is the application of various psychological theories in sports and exercise. The research on sports psychology of management in China started late and developed slowly in the early stage, but with the economic and social development, especially the successful holding of the Winter Olympics and the Beijing Olympics, Chinese psychology has entered a period of standardized and systematic development. The application in training and competition has developed rapidly, and has made great contributions to the development of sports psychology in the world. In the future, there are still many problems that need to be solved in the theoretical and applied research of sports psychology. Competitive sports psychology of management research has always been a key area of sports psychology research. Most national sports teams have their own teams of dedicated support experts who provide services such as healthcare, physical training, rehabilitation, physiological and biochemical monitoring, nutrition, technical analysis, and more. Sports psychologists in the Institute of Science of the General Administration of Sport of China, Beijing Sports University and other institutions have provided psychological services for the national team for a long time. The main psychological problems of Chinese athletes in competitive competitions can be summarized from 8 aspects: cognition, emotion, willpower, attention, motivation and attitude, self-evaluation, interpersonal relationship and mental fatigue. We will continue to focus on competitive sports psychology research and strengthen physical education and exercise psychology research. Maintain the traditional research theme of sports psychology and continuously expand new research areas. In terms of research methods, quantitative research and qualitative research should be combined, and empirical research and research methods should be strengthened. Challenges exist in: motion perception and decisionmaking in exercise, neural efficiency and neuroplasticity, self-control and exercise performance, mental health of athletes, dose effects of exercise on mental health, moderators in exercise to promote mental health, exercise The intention-behavior gap promotes mental health, and the neural mechanisms by which exercise promotes mental health.
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9

Xu, Yuran. "A study on the psychological training methods of swimming for young children." Journal of Education, Humanities and Social Sciences 15 (June 13, 2023): 232–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/ehss.v15i.9273.

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Swimming requires a high level of concentration, especially in competitions, where children must react and make the right decisions quickly. Through mental training, they can improve their ability to concentrate and remain calm and rational, which translates into better performance. In recent years, with the increasing maturity of swimming technology, physical fitness and technical movements are no longer the decisive factors in the course of a competition. When the athletes are between the same physical and technical level, the availability of good physical fitness becomes a key element in determining the outcome of the competition. Therefore, coaches need to pay attention to pre-competition psychological training, have a full understanding of the pre-competition psychology of young swimmers, and on this basis, flexibly use simulation training, self-referral training, recall of technical movements and self-control training, etc., so that the athletes' psychology is in a good state and form a good psychological quality to face the competition better.
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10

Shackelford, Todd K., and Aaron T. Goetz. "Comparative evolutionary psychology of sperm competition." Journal of Comparative Psychology 120, no. 2 (2006): 139–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0735-7036.120.2.139.

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11

Schinke, Robert J., Stephanie Hanrahan, Duke Peltier, Ginette Michel, Richard Danielson, Patricia Pickard, Chris Pheasant, Lawrence Enosse, and Mark Peltier. "The Pre-competition and Competition Practices of Canadian Aboriginal Elite Athletes." Journal of Clinical Sport Psychology 1, no. 2 (June 2007): 147–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jcsp.1.2.147.

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This study was designed to elucidate the pre-competition and competition practices of elite Canadian Aboriginal athletes. Elite Canadian Aboriginal athletes (N = 23) participated in semi-structured interviews. Data were segmented into meaning units by academic and Aboriginal community-appointed members, and verified with each respondent individually through mail and a password-protected website. Competition tactics were divided into three chronological stages, each with specific athlete strategies: (a) general training before competitions, (b) pre-competition week, and (c) competition strategies. The majority of the numerous strategies they reported could be considered as reflecting native traditions, appropriate attitudes/perspective, or standard sport psychology techniques. Suggestions are proposed for applied researchers and practitioners working with cultural populations, as well as how these strategies might be developed for use with other populations.
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12

Song, Yanyan, Huan Lin, Bin Wang, and Mingxiang Yang. "Factors and Measures Affecting Players' Psychology in Tennis." Journal of Social Science Humanities and Literature 7, no. 3 (June 30, 2024): 106–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.53469/jsshl.2024.07(03).14.

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With the development of tennis, the technical and tactical level of tennis has been rapidly improved, the physical qualities of athletes such as strength and speed have been continuously improved, and tennis competitions have become more and more intense, which has posed certain challenges to athletes. In addition to the physical skills and abilities of the athletes, tennis matches also require athletes to have certain mental abilities, and athletes have greater psychological pressure in the game. In this study, the psychological factors of athletes were analyzed and discussed by means of literature and logical analysis, and the psychological influencing factors of athletes in the process of competition were expressed from many aspects, in order to improve the psychological quality of athletes and achieve good results in the competition. It has played an important role in improving the psychological quality of athletes.
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13

Roy, Jolly. "Training the Mind for Now and the Future: A Case Study of a Young Swimmer." Case Studies in Sport and Exercise Psychology 4, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 67–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/cssep.2019-0042.

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This case study describes how psychological intervention was associated with improved performance. Adopting a cognitive approach, this case highlights a psychological intervention provided to a young swimmer who wished to improve her performance in a butterfly event and qualify for the national competition in her age group. The intervention focused on developing mental toughness, managing competitive anxiety, and maintaining self-confidence before competition. The results indicated improvement in mental toughness, ability to manage competitive anxiety, and being in the right mood before competition. Reflective practice provides a tentative suggestion for sport psychology practitioners who wish to engage in consultancy services.
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14

Campbell, Anne. "The evolutionary psychology of women's aggression." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 368, no. 1631 (December 5, 2013): 20130078. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2013.0078.

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Evolutionary researchers have identified age, operational sex ratio and high variance in male resources as factors that intensify female competition. These are discussed in relation to escalated intrasexual competition for men and their resources between young women in deprived neighbourhoods. For these women, fighting is not seen as antithetical to cultural conceptions of femininity, and female weakness is disparaged. Nonetheless, even where competitive pressures are high, young women's aggression is less injurious and frequent than young men's. From an evolutionary perspective, I argue that the intensity of female aggression is constrained by the greater centrality of mothers, rather than fathers, to offspring survival. This selection pressure is realized psychologically through a lower threshold for fear among women. Neuropsychological evidence is not yet conclusive but suggests that women show heightened amygdala reactivity to threatening stimuli, may be better able to exert prefrontal cortical control over emotional behaviour and may consciously register fear more strongly via anterior cingulate activity. The impact of testosterone and oxytocin on the neural circuitry of emotion is also considered.
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15

Wang, Yehao. "A Brief Analysis of Students' Chinese-style Competitive Behavior." Modern Economics & Management Forum 5, no. 1 (March 14, 2024): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.32629/memf.v5i1.1735.

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This academic paper delves into the intriguing competitive behaviors and phenomena exhibited by Chinese students. It provides a preliminary analysis of the root causes of competitive psychology, considering both the advantages and disadvantages of resulting social phenomena — specifically, over-competition and under-competition — from cultural and sociological perspectives. Utilizing Daxing District in Beijing as a case study, the paper identifies six influential factors and constructs a competitiveness model through expert scoring and a moving weighted average method.
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16

Arruza, Jose Antonio, Saioa Telletxea, Lorena Gil de Montes, Silvia Arribas, Gloria Balagué, Jose Antonio Cecchini, and Robert J. Brustad. "Understanding the Relationship between Perceived Development of the Competition Plan and Sport Performance: Mediating Effects of Self-Efficacy and State Depression." Perceptual and Motor Skills 109, no. 1 (August 2009): 304–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.109.1.304-314.

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The effectiveness of competition plans on athletes' performance outcomes was assessed while accounting for the mediating influence of state depression and self-efficacy. Competition plans reflect an integrated and personalized plan that consists of a set of decision-making rules based on the principles of self-control and self-efficacy development that are tailored to the specific demands of an upcoming competition in a given sport and highly individualized to take into account the specific qualities of the athlete. The relationship between the development of a competition plan and athletes' evaluations of their competitive outcomes was of interest. 11 elite athletes participating in 104 competitions involving 7 different sports participated. Results support the beneficial effect of a well-developed competition plan in affecting athletes' perceived performance; the relationship was mediated by state depression and self-efficacy Coaches and sport psychologists should devote increased attention to the development and refinement of athletes' precompetition performance plans while also considering participants' self-efficacy and mood characteristics.
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Parks, RM, C. Deall, P. Arya, and S. Elsayed. "In Pursuit of Great Surgery: Sports Psychology." Bulletin of the Royal College of Surgeons of England 95, no. 4 (April 1, 2013): 126–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1308/147363513x13500508920059.

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The 'four Cs' (concentration, confidence, control and commitment) are considered the key mental qualities required for success in competitive sports. The increased stress of competing can cause the body to react physically and mentally, producing negative thoughts and decreasing performance. This has led to an increase in the concept of sports psychology, with the development of psychological methods to allow the participant to overcome pre-competition anxieties to confer a positive advantage.
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Welker, Keith M., and Justin M. Carré. "Individual Differences in Testosterone Predict Persistence in Men." European Journal of Personality 29, no. 1 (January 2015): 83–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/per.1958.

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Persistence is an important predictor of future successes. The present research addresses the relationship between testosterone and persistence in men. One hundred eighteen men were randomly assigned to win or lose a competitive number tracing task against a confederate or complete the task alone in a non–competitive control condition. Saliva samples were collected prior to and after the competition or control conditions. Participants were then given a maximum time of 30 min to spend attempting to solve unsolvable puzzles, with the option to quit at any time. In contrast to our prediction, changes in testosterone concentrations in response to the competitive interaction did not predict persistence behaviour. However, individual differences in testosterone concentrations (pre–competition/non–competition) were positively correlated with persistence. These findings are the first to examine associations between neuroendocrine function and persistence behaviour in people and suggest that testosterone should also be considered when predicting persistence–related outcomes. Copyright © 2014 European Association of Personality Psychology
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19

Tremayne, Patsy, and Debra A. Ballinger. "Performance Enhancement for Ballroom Dancers: Psychological Perspectives." Sport Psychologist 22, no. 1 (March 2008): 90–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/tsp.22.1.90.

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Ballroom dance has resurfaced worldwide as a highly popular competitive sport and might be added to Olympic medal competition for the 2012 London Games. This resurgence presents opportunities for sport psychologists to provide psychological-skills and performance-enhancement training for ballroom dancers at all competitive levels. Few sport psychologists have the personal experience, expertise, or an adequate knowledge base about the competitive-ballroom-dance environment to provide meaningful intervention strategies for participants. This article was developed to provide initial guidance for sport psychology professionals interested in working in this environment. An overview of the competitive-dance and ballroom-dance environment, strategies used by dance couples for enhanced mental preparation before and during dance competitions, and excerpts from an interview with an Australian championship-level couple provide readers insight into performance-enhancement strategies for DanceSport.
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20

Folvarochnyi, Igor. "Development of sport psychology in Сhina." Psychological Journal, no. 9 (December 24, 2022): 59–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.31499/2617-2100.9.2022.270048.

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This article clarifies the historical and pedagogical features and development of the sports psychology in China. It identifies the historical and pedagogical features of the development of sports psychology in China and determine their social significance. Research methods: observation, survey, study of documents. This analysis identifies three periods of development in sports psychology: the period of data collection (1949-1970); the period of formation (1970-1990); and the period of development (since 1991). The social aspect of the development of sports psychology in China is related to the activities of the Psychological Society (CPS), which was established by the International Union of Psychological Sciences in 1980, bringing Chinese psychology back to the world stage and the formation of the Chinese Association of Social Psychology (CASP). Emphasis is placed on the social direction of sports psychology development in China and the need to further improve the competence of Chinese sports psychology practitioners in training in psychology and psychological counselling, as well as for better psychological support for Chinese athletes. The use of sports psychology in competitive sports in China is for diagnosis, monitoring, training, all of which contribute to the effective solution of athletes’ psychological problems, improves their ability to make psychological adaptations, and lays the foundation for excellent sports results. Psychological counselling includes various aspects of athletes’ mental training, including stimulating motivation, maintaining confidence, controlling emotions, avoiding difficulties, attention and concentration, overcoming accidents during training and performances, setting competition goals, adaptability, desire and team cohesion. Chinese sports psychologists have developed research into practice of participants in three directions: the psychology of competition, the psychology of exercise and the psychology of physical education.
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21

Bergqvist, Christian. "When Do Agreements Restrict Competition in EU Competition Law?" Nordic Journal of European Law 5, no. 1 (August 31, 2022): 96–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.36969/njel.v5i1.24500.

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Under EU competition law, it is prohibited to conclude agreements distorting competition, but little guidance is available on what to consider anti-competitive. However, case law has given rise to patterns holding some practices anti-competitive by object while others must be assessed in detail and against their effect without providing a workable definition on the lines between these two approaches. Other issues remain equally open-ended, e.g., when the anti-competitive effect is appreciable. In this paper, a possible roadmap for the appraising of restrictive agreements in EU competition law will be provided.
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22

Zhou, Yi. "The Factors, Individual and Cultural Difference of Competition Motivation on Students." Journal of Education, Humanities and Social Sciences 8 (February 7, 2023): 354–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/ehss.v8i.4273.

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Learning motivation is the central part that stimulates students to learn. Scholars in the education and psychology field have studied motivation for a long time to develop an appropriate teaching and learning strategy for students. In contrast, many studies conducted do not have enough generalization. The paper aimed to review factors involved in a competition from the social comparison perspective and examined individual and cultural differences in competition motivation among students. The results showed that Situational and individual factors led to comparison concerns and triggered competitive behaviors. Gender and cultural differences significantly distinguished students' learning motivation in a competitive environment, while no age variation was founded. This study drew a comprehensive interpretation of the relationship between competition and the learning motivation of students. Further study about the relationship between long-lasting competitive phenomenon and motivation needs to be encouraged.
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Holt-Lunstad, Julianne, Claudia J. Clayton, and Bert N. Uchino. "Gender differences in cardiovascular reactivity to competitive stress: The impact of gender of competitor and competition outcome." International Journal of Behavioral Medicine 8, no. 2 (June 2001): 91–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15327558ijbm0802_01.

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Liu, Junyi, Xiaozhe Zhu, and Shiying Wang. "Quantitative Analysis and Prediction Methods for Sports Competition Results." Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 100 (May 22, 2024): 177–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/j6q5wq04.

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In the era of big data, sports performance prediction becomes critical by analyzing accumulated competition data, especially the influence of momentum factors on competition results, although its definition and quantification are controversial in academia. This study explores the application of momentum in predicting the results of sports competitions and proposes a comprehensive research framework combining sports science and sports psychology. By collecting and analyzing the competition data, the feasibility of momentum as an important index in predicting the results of the competition is confirmed. The results show that momentum not only reflects the immediate performance of athletes in the game but also predicts their future results. This finding is of great significance for coaches and athletes to formulate strategies and adjust tactics in the game. Through continuous accumulation and analysis of data, we can more accurately predict the results of the game, and improve the level and fairness of sports competition.
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Ring, Christopher, Maria Kavussanu, and Andrew Cooke. "Effects of Cooperation and Competition on Performance, Emotion, and Effort: Goal and Means Interdependence." Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology 44, no. 2 (April 1, 2022): 86–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsep.2020-0357.

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Social interdependence theory proposes that task structure influences performance via social interaction. Using this framework, we examined sport performance. Fifty-six males performed a basketball task under four conditions: as an individual (individual, perform your best) and as a member of a team of two (cooperation, where teammates sought to better their individual performance; means independent competition, where two teams competed sequentially to outperform the other team; means interdependent competition, where two teams competed simultaneously to outperform the other team). Task performance (points) was better during means independent competition than other conditions. Anxiety and effort peaked during the competitions and enjoyment was greater during competition and cooperation than during the individual condition. Emotions, effort, and actions are discussed as explanations for the performance effects. Social interdependence theory provides a valuable framework to understand emotion, motivation, and performance. Team competition can be used to promote effort and enhance performance in sport.
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Gonzalez, Alex. "Competition Reconsidered." Contemporary Psychology: A Journal of Reviews 36, no. 1 (January 1991): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/029300.

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Canning, Elizabeth A., Jennifer LaCosse, Kathryn M. Kroeper, and Mary C. Murphy. "Feeling Like an Imposter: The Effect of Perceived Classroom Competition on the Daily Psychological Experiences of First-Generation College Students." Social Psychological and Personality Science 11, no. 5 (November 19, 2019): 647–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1948550619882032.

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Many college students intend to pursue science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) careers but quickly abandon these goals when confronted with notoriously competitive STEM courses that often pit students against each other. This emphasis on interpersonal competition could be especially detrimental for first-generation (FG) college students, an underrepresented group in STEM fields which more strongly values communality and collaboration relative to their continuing-generation peers. Thus, FG students may experience more imposter feelings in STEM courses perceived as having a competitive culture. A longitudinal study (with 818 students and 2,638 experience-sampling observations) found that perceived classroom competition was associated with greater daily in-class imposter feelings among all students—but especially among FG students. Imposter feelings in turn predicted students’ end-of-term course engagement, attendance, dropout intentions, and course grades. Classroom competition and the imposter feelings it engenders may be an overlooked barrier for promoting the engagement, performance, and retention of FG students in STEM.
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Hanton, Sheldon, Rich Neil, and Stephen D. Mellalieu. "Recent developments in competitive anxiety direction and competition stress research." International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology 1, no. 1 (March 2008): 45–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17509840701827445.

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Na'im, Ainun. "INTRAGROUP COOPERATION VS. INTRAGROUP COMPETITION: A Meta-Analytical Study." Gadjah Mada International Journal of Business 6, no. 3 (September 12, 2004): 309. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/gamaijb.5552.

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This study examines whether intragroup cooperation outperforms intragroup competition. Intragroup cooperation is a work setting when individuals in a group perceive that their goal attainments are positively related; while intragroup competition is a work setting when individuals in a group perceive that their goal attainments are negatively related. Performance is defined as group productivity level, speed of solving problems, and quality of the group outcomes.Meta-analytical method is used to test the hypothesis. The method combines and compares eight studies from various research disciplines i.e., education, psychology, organization, and business and accounting. The studies being analyzed also vary in terms of the research and experimental setting such as manufacturing operations and problem solving games.Meta-analytical study is relatively rare in Indonesia, so that this study is important to introduce and to show the importance and the benefit of the analysis for concluding a large number and different research in a similar domain of research question. In a simple term, a meta-analysis is a quantitative literature review. However, the analysis has a more powerful procedure (than the conventional literature review) to indicate more clearly, and in quantitative terms, the consistency, the differences and similarities of previous studies.The author found that intragroup cooperation outperforms intragroup competition is held across different experimental subject educational backgrounds such as education, psychology, and business and accounting. However, the extent of the difference in performance is higher in the subjects with psychology background than that of the subjects with business and accounting background. The reason is that business and accounting subjects are more exposed to competitive environments than those whose backgrounds are psychology and sociology.
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Finkenberg, Mel E., James M. Dinucci, E. Donice McCune, and Sandra L. McCune. "Analysis of the Effect of Competitive Trait Anxiety on Performance in Taekwondo Competition." Perceptual and Motor Skills 75, no. 1 (August 1992): 239–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1992.75.1.239.

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This study examined the effect of competitive trait anxiety on performance in open- (sparring) and closed- (forms) skills in Taekwondo. 58 subjects responded to the Sports Competition Anxiety Test immediately prior to competition. Subjects were categorized into groups showing high, medium, and low competitive anxiety to assess whether differences on the variables of sparring and forms were significantly related with scores on competition anxiety, age, or gender after adjusting for the covariate of years of competition. Multivariate analysis of covariance showed no significant differences between subjects and the normative samples on competitive anxiety scores except for boys, whose scores were significantly higher than those of a normative sample of male youth athletes.
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Rucsanda, Mădălina Dana, Ana-Maria Cazan, and Camelia Truța. "Musical performance and emotions in children: The case of musical competitions." Psychology of Music 48, no. 4 (November 19, 2018): 480–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0305735618810791.

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Emotion is a condition that facilitates or inhibits music performance. Our research aimed to explore emotions of young musicians performing in music competitions. We tried to highlight the possible differences in terms of emotions between young singers who obtained prizes in musical competitions and those who did not. Another aim of the study was to explore the relationship between pre-competition emotions and music performance, focusing on the mediating role of singing experience. The sample consisted of 146 participants in international music competitions for young musicians. A nonverbal pictorial assessment technique measuring the valence, arousal and dominance dimensions of emotions was administered just before and immediately after each participant’s performance in the competition. Our study revealed that negative emotions were associated with lower performance quality while positive emotions, low arousal and increased dominance were associated with higher performance quality. Experienced young singers reported more positive emotions, low arousal and high dominance. Our results also revealed that experience in music competitions could mediate the associations between emotions and music performance in competition. The implications of the results support the inclusion of psychological/emotional training in music education of young singers.
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McMains, Michael J. "Competition Refines Skills." Journal of Police Crisis Negotiations 4, no. 2 (July 26, 2004): 63–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j173v04n02_09.

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Marwat, Noor Muhammad, Syed Zia ul Islam, Muhammad Safdar Luqman, Mehwish Manzoor, and Irfanullah. "EFFECT OF COMPETITION ANXIETY ON ATHLETES SPORTS PERFORMANCE: IMPLICATION FOR COACH." Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews 9, no. 3 (June 29, 2021): 1460–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2021.93146.

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Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of competition anxiety upon sports performance of elite athletes who took part in the “31st National Games held in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa’s (KP), Pakistan. Methodology: One hundred and twenty-eight (N=128) males= 88, females= 40; Age 21.9 +/-1.5 years; Sports Experience, 8.9 +/-1.7 years) provided the required information on 15-items Sports Competition Anxiety Test (SCAT). The history of sports performance of athletes was obtained during breaks within competitive fixtures. Main Findings: The analyzed data revealed that competitive anxiety is responsible for 38% change in sports performance. Furthermore, the relationship is moderate negative identifying that an increase in competitive anxiety decreases the sports performance of athletes (r=-0.386, P=.002). Additionally, comparative analyses indicated that female athletes and athletes from individual sports showed higher levels of Competition Anxiety, while male athletes and athletes with team sport reported lower levels of Competition Anxiety (P <.005). Implications of the study: This gender impact is critical and significant showing decisive implications for the coaches and trainers. These findings were explored in light of the theoretical and practical implications of these findings for designing sport psychology programs in Pakistan for athletes from various contexts. Novelty: The findings indicate that competitive trait anxiety can harm the success, and indicate that certain PL athletes can benefit from therapies that seek to decrease anxiety before and during competition.
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Fisher, Maryanne L., and Kimberly R. Moule. "A new direction for intrasexual competition research: Cooperative versus competitive motherhood." Journal of Social, Evolutionary, and Cultural Psychology 7, no. 4 (December 2013): 318–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/h0099187.

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A.K. Namazov, N.B. Majidov, T.A. Gasanov, and K.A. Namazov. "THE METHODOLOGY OF PREPARATION AND SUCCESSFUL PERFORMANCE OF JUDOISTS IN RESPONSIBLE COMPETITIONS." Scientific News of Academy of Physical Education and Sport 3, no. 4 (December 7, 2021): 157–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.28942/ssj.v3i4.413.

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Increased competition at world-class competitions places special requirements on the process of improving and training system of the best athletes. These impro-vements based on knowledge of tendencies of every kind of sport, they allow us to set specific tasks for athletes, and to identify reserves for improving their skill level that contribute to the successful solution of these tasks. It’s really necessary and important for every athlete to be confidence in their abilities, not only while taking part in competitions, but while training too. If an athlete "gives up", it is necessary to correct the psychology and restore the athlete's self-confidence. To correct the psychology of athletes, the coach of athletes can also act as a psychologist.
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Hassoun, Essam Kazem, and Yusra Majeed Al-Sheikhly. "The Training Strongly Rhythm of the Race and the Law of Ability and its Effect on some Special Physical Abilities and Biochemical Variables, and the Achievement of 800 and 1500-Meter Runs for Youth." International Journal of Early Childhood Special Education 13, no. 2 (December 2, 2021): 654–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.9756/int-jecse/v13i2.211104.

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That Contest Ran 800 Meter and 1500 meters of competitions that are characterized by the special speed of the time in the implementation of the stages according to the world Records. This means emphasizing development strength and speed physical abilities and endurance and the speed of competition (Rhythm Competition) through special trainings and this must be the seeker. Use way new related the possibility of identifying new training intensity especially for contestants who run two similar competitions, such as 800 m and 1500 m, according For speed of competition to them, Which is the speed of the median distance that mediates the two comparable competitions, according to scientific planning thought for impact in develop some special physical abilities and complete these two competitions, as the researcher believe that this method didn't use currently and previously in exercises these two competitions. As well as follow-up Results analysis the most ancient times of each contest in a field and my job. This may lead In a direct to improve performance and achievement paramount we building philosophy training special signed manifesto in development racer abilities based on results the rate of competition for each contestant during the race, which is called (race speed or racing rhythm) as strategy to get a good position among the contestants, apply the search to a sample of the Talent Center Sports Centre in Baghdad, and the researcher conducted special speed tests and carry the speed and withstand the speed of the competition and achievement. The special exercises were applied to the sample of the research for 10 weeks and at the rate of 3 units per week, and the researcher produced several important conclusions, including an effective development in the ability to withstand speed and withstand the speed of the race and the development of partial times for each contest as well as the development of achievement.
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Ainsworth, Sarah E., and Jon K. Maner. "Assailing the Competition." Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 40, no. 12 (October 13, 2014): 1648–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0146167214554590.

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Miller, Ralph R., and Helena Matute. "Competition Between Outcomes." Psychological Science 9, no. 2 (March 1998): 146–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9280.00028.

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In both Pavlovian conditioning and human causal judgment, competition between cues is well known to occur when multiple cues are presented in compound and followed by an outcome. More questionable is the occurrence of competition between outcomes when a single cue is followed by multiple outcomes presented in compound. In the experiment reported here, we demonstrated blocking (a type of stimulus competition) between outcomes. When the cue predicted one outcome, its ability to predict a second outcome that was presented in compound with the first outcome was reduced. The procedure minimized the likelihood that the observed competition between outcomes arose from selective attention. The competition between outcomes that we observed is problematic for contemporary theories of learning.
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Van Loo, Katie J., Kathryn L. Boucher, Robert J. Rydell, and Michael T. Rydell. "Competition in stereotyped domains: Competition, social comparison, and stereotype threat." European Journal of Social Psychology 43, no. 7 (August 31, 2013): 648–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.1977.

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Gee, Chris J. "How Does Sport Psychology Actually Improve Athletic Performance? A Framework to Facilitate Athletes’ and Coaches’ Understanding." Behavior Modification 34, no. 5 (September 2010): 386–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0145445510383525.

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The popularity of sport psychology, both as an academic discipline and an applied practice, has grown substantially over the past two decades. Few within the realm of competitive athletics would argue with the importance of being mentally prepared prior to an athletic competition as well as the need to maintain that particular mindset during a competitive contest. Nevertheless, recent research has shown that many athletes, coaches, and sporting administrators are still quite reluctant to seek out the services of a qualified sport psychologist, even if they believe it could help. One of the primary reasons for this hesitation appears to be a lack of understanding about the process and the mechanisms by which these mental skills affect performance. Unlike the “harder sciences” of sport physiology and biochemistry where athletes can see the tangible results in themselves or other athletes (e.g., he or she lifted weights, developed larger muscles, and is now stronger/faster as a result), the unfamiliar and often esoteric nature of sport psychology appears to be impeding a large number of athletes from soliciting these important services. As such, the purpose of this article is to provide the reader with a simple framework depicting how mental skills training translates into improved within-competition performance. This framework is intended to help bridge the general “understanding gap” that is currently being reported by a large number of athletes and coaches, while also helping sport psychology practitioners sell their valuable services to individual athletes and teams.
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Abdul Muhaemin M, Ince, Marsuki, Andi Syaiful, Ipa Sari Kardi, and Ibrahim. "Psychology of Sian Soor Tennis Junior Athletes in Competition." Indonesian Journal of Physical Education and Sport Science 4, no. 1 (October 7, 2023): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.52188/ijpess.v4i1.485.

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Studi purpose: As an athlete who has a demand to excel when competing, anxiety in athletes becomes one of the conditions that athletes often experience which affects the athlete's performance in facing the match. One of the mental factors that trigger athletes' psychology is anxiety, self-confidence, and resilience factors. This study aimed to determine the level of anxiety, self-confidence, and resilience of Sian Soor junior athletes in the sport of tennis. Materials and methods: This type of research was descriptive quantitative, which is to see a description of the psychological aspects of junior athletes Sian Soor tennis court. The research location was conducted at the Sian Soor tennis Mayor of Jayapura City Papua. The population in this study were all junior athletes Sian Soor Jayapura City Papua involving 25 people from the age group 10 to 18 years. The sample was taken based on random sampling with a total of 18 athletes. The instruments used in data collection were anxiety, self-confidence, and resilience instruments. Results. Based on data analysis from 18 athletes the results that the anxiety aspect was very high (5.56%), high (22.22%), moderate (44.44%), and low (27.78%). Aspects of confidence were very high (5.56%), high (16.67%), medium (61.11%), and low (16.67%). The resilience aspect was high (16.67%), medium (66.67%), and low (16.67%). Conclusions. Based on the results obtained in this study, it is concluded that Junior Sian Soor athletes in Jayapura City Papua on the dominant anxiety aspects of the moderate category, aspects of self-confidence in the moderate category, and resilience in the moderate category. therefore it is suggested to the coach to provide interventions in the form of mental training, especially to increase self-confidence and resilience, so that the degree of anxiety competing can be minimized.
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Mojtahedi, Dara, Neil Dagnall, Andrew Denovan, Peter Clough, Stephen Dewhurst, Matthew Hillier, Kostas Papageorgiou, and John Perry. "Competition Anxiety in Combat Sports and the Importance of Mental Toughness." Behavioral Sciences 13, no. 9 (August 28, 2023): 713. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bs13090713.

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Combat sports require participants to engage in potentially dangerous forms of contact-based competition. Pressure to succeed, coupled with the risk of severe injury can induce significant levels of anxiety, which if uncontrolled, can negatively impact performance and possibly promote unsporting conduct. The present study examined competitive anxiety levels of combat sports athletes and determined whether self-reported scores were associated with mental toughness and Sportspersonship attitudes. A cross-sectional survey design was used whereby participants (N = 194) completed a battery of questionnaires measuring competitive combat sport experiences, demographic details, Sportspersonship traits (compliance towards rules, respect for opponents, and game perspective), and competition anxiety (somatic, cognitive, and self-confidence; reported retrospectively). Results suggest that mentally tough athletes experience lower levels of cognitive and somatic anxiety, and higher self-confidence, prior to competitions. Findings also found that athletes endorsing more altruistic and respectful attitudes in sport (Sportspersonship) reported higher levels of competition anxiety. The findings demonstrate that mental toughness is allied to positive attributes and could potentially be operationalized to improve both the retention and performance of combat sports athletes. Thus, the authors advocate the use of mental toughness coaching interventions within combat sports.
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Bhadauriya, Brajendra, and Rajesh Tripathi. "STRESS MANAGEMENT TECHNIQUE FOR ATHLETES DURING SPORTS: A CRITICAL REVIEW." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 8, no. 5-s (October 15, 2018): 67–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v8i5-s.1956.

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Stressors have a major influence upon mood, our sense of well-being, behavior, and health. Acute stress responses in young, healthy individuals may be adaptive and typically do not impose a health burden. However, if the threat is unremitting, particularly in older or unhealthy individuals, the long-term effects of stressors can damage health. This paper attempts to look at the strategies for sports coaches in managing stressful situations in sports competitions. This paper therefore, writes in the introduction, the concepts of stress, competition based stress, management, stress management in sports, stress in sports psychology. The paper also examines the sources of stress. It looks critically at the levels of stress in competitive sports. The relationship between psychosocial stressors and disease is affected by the nature, number, and persistence of the stressors as well as by the individual’s biological vulnerability (i.e., genetics, constitutional factors), psychosocial resources, and learned patterns of coping. Psychosocial interventions have proven useful for treating stress-related disorders and may influence the course of chronic diseases. The paper also highlights some specific stress management strategies which sports coaches have to employ to aid excellent performance in sports competition. It also identifies the educational implications of stress management in sports competitions. Keywords: Psychosocial stressors, Stress responses, Sports, psychosocial interventions, Stressor interactions, Stress management.
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Swain, Austin, and Graham Jones. "Relationships between Sport Achievement Orientation and Competitive State Anxiety." Sport Psychologist 6, no. 1 (March 1992): 42–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/tsp.6.1.42.

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This study examined the relationship between sport achievement orientation and cognitive anxiety, somatic anxiety, and self-confidence in a sample of male (n=60) track and field athletes. Subjects responded to the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 (CSAI-2) on five occasions during the precompetition period and also completed the Sport Orientation Questionnaire (SOQ). Stepwise multiple-regression analyses were employed in order to determine whether any of the SOQ subscales emerged as significant predictors of the CSAI-2 subscale scores. The dominant predictor to emerge for each anxiety subcomponent was the competitiveness subscale. The subjects were then dichotomized into high and low groups of competitiveness by means of the median-split technique. Two-way analyses of variance revealed significant group by time-to-competition interactions for both cognitive and somatic anxiety. In the case of cognitive anxiety, the high competitive group exhibited no change across time; the low competitive group showed a progressive increase as the competition neared. Findings for somatic anxiety revealed that the low competitive group reported an earlier elevation in the somatic response. Significant main effects of both time-to-event and group (but no interaction) were found for self-confidence. The findings revealed that the high competitive group, although reporting higher levels of self-confidence throughout the experimental period, reported reduced self-confidence on the day of competition; in the low competitive group, self-confidence remained stable. These results suggest that the precompetition temporal patterning of the multidimensional anxiety subcomponents differ as a function of competitiveness.
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Tsoi, Lily, J. Kiley Hamlin, Adam Waytz, Andrew Scott Baron, and Liane Lee Young. "A Cooperation Advantage for Theory of Mind in Children and Adults." Social Cognition 39, no. 1 (February 2021): 19–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/soco.2021.39.1.19.

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Three studies test whether people engage in mental state reasoning or theory of mind (ToM) differently across two fundamental social contexts: cooperation and competition. Study 1 examines how children with an emerging understanding of false beliefs deploy ToM across these contexts. We find that young preschool children are better able to plant false beliefs in others' minds in a cooperative versus competitive context; this difference does not emerge for other cognitive capacities tested (e.g., executive functioning, memory). Studies 2a and 2b reveal the same systematic difference in adults' ToM for cooperation and competition, even after accounting for relevant predictors (e.g., preference for a task condition, feelings about deception). Together, these findings provide initial evidence for enhanced ToM for cooperation versus competition in early development and also adulthood.
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46

Kiili, Kristian, Kai Ojansuu, Antero Lindstedt, and Manuel Ninaus. "Exploring the Educational Potential of a Game-Based Math Competition." International Journal of Game-Based Learning 8, no. 2 (April 2018): 14–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijgbl.2018040102.

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The main aim of this article was to investigate the educational potential of a game-based math game competition to engage students in training rational numbers. Finnish fourth (n = 59; Mage = 10.36) and sixth graders (n = 105; Mage = 12.34) participated in a math game competition relying on intra-classroom cooperation and inter-classroom competition. During a three-week period, the students were allowed to play a digital rational number game, which is founded on number line estimation task mechanics. The results indicated that students benefited significantly from participating in the competition and playing behaviour could be used to assess students rational number knowledge. Moreover, students were engaged in the competition and the results revealed that intrinsically motivating factors such as enjoyment and perceived learning gains predicted students' willingness to participate in math game competitions again. This article provides empirical support that educational game competition can be an effective, engaging, and a fair instructional approach.
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Hellstedt, Jon C. "Sport Psychology at a Ski Academy: Teaching Mental Skills to Young Athletes." Sport Psychologist 1, no. 1 (March 1987): 56–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/tsp.1.1.56.

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This paper describes a sport psychology program conducted at a ski academy for a group of 43 competitive skiers in grades 8-12. The program’s effectiveness is discussed using evaluations from participants and coaches. The positive results of the evaluations and a drop in scores on the Sport Competition Anxiety Test indicates the various components of the program were helpful in developing skills in sport and in the athletes’ lives in general. Implications for future programs of this type are discussed, as is the role of the sport psychologist in this type of setting.
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Hurych, Emanuel. "Self-competition versus Internal Competition." Physical Culture and Sport. Studies and Research 47, no. 1 (December 1, 2009): 111–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10141-009-0038-5.

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Self-competition versus Internal CompetitionThis paper attempts to draw attention to the problem of self-competition as a very specific and controversial type of competition and gives a proposal for division between self-competition and internal competition, both of them as special different forms of competition within one individual person.This basis of the problem is inspired by the article On Competing Against Oneself (Howe, 2008) published in Sport, Ethics and Philosophy. Howe is engaged in the motive of competition which is usually called "self competition". She disagrees with Krein (2007) who argues that self-competition cannot be spoken about within adventure therapy because of the absence of competitors and the lack of repeatable measure of performance.As a consequence of this question the contribution is focused on the relation between self-competition and individual challenge on the one hand and the phenomenon of experience on the other hand. The term of "internal competition" is suggested here and the differences between self-competition and internal competition are explained. The mentioned relation is understood as an equivalence which is accompanied by some concrete examples from the area of movement activities.The aim of the essay is to show the complexity of the relationship between experience and competition motives. The other goal is to introduce the term of internal competition, as the phenomenon closely connected with experience. At least in some cases internal competition can be considered as the essential part of experience. While self-competition is very closely connected with the result of the activity and level of the performance, internal competition is far more focused on the process and depth of the experience.
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Shalley, Christina E., and Greg R. Oldham. "Competition and Creative Performance: Effects of Competitor Presence and Visibility." Creativity Research Journal 10, no. 4 (October 1997): 337–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15326934crj1004_5.

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Van Raalte, Judy L. "Provision of Sport Psychology Services at an International Competition: The XVI Maccabiah Games." Sport Psychologist 17, no. 4 (December 2003): 461–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/tsp.17.4.461.

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Creating and delivering effective sport psychology programs for traveling groups of athletes is a challenging task, particularly when athletes have limited experience with international travel. Using key points from Poczwardowski, Sherman, and Henschen’s (1998) sport psychology service delivery heuristic, this paper provides a personal account of sport psychology services provided at the 16th Maccabiah Games. Guidelines for sport psychology consultants working and traveling with competitive athletes and teams at future international sporting events are provided.
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