Relevant bibliographies by topics / Competition, Unfair – European Union countries

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Competition, Unfair – European Union countries'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 30 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Competition, Unfair – European Union countries"

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Raimondi, Andrea, Daniel Buda, Sorin Cristian Niţă, and Maria Pistalu. "Tax governance: how the EU supports third countries." Proceedings of the International Conference on Business Excellence 15, no. 1 (2021): 982–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/picbe-2021-0092.

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Abstract This paper aims to provide an analysis of the legislative framework that regulates the inclusion of clauses on good governance in tax matters, in the agreements concluded between the European Union, with its Member States, and third countries. We provide a representation of the regulatory pathway from a set of standards on tax good governance according to the principles of transparency, exchange of information and fair tax competition towards a common EU external strategy for effective taxation. Agreements that the European Union has either in place or negotiating with countries and r
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Danilovskaia, Anna. "Criminal law protection of competition in the European Union, Germany, Great Britain and France." Юридические исследования, no. 6 (June 2020): 21–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-7136.2020.6.33294.

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The object of this research is competition policy and criminal law policy with regards to protection of competition in Europe that are similar to the Russian approach of countering infringement on fair competition. Legislation on competition is dynamically developing in all countries, which causes corresponding changes in their criminal law policy. For improving the effectiveness of cartel detection, many countries endorsed leniency policy for cartels, as well as make amendments to their laws due to proliferation of unfair competition, particularly on the Internet, as well irregularities in te
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Novikov, Vladislav Sergeevich. "International legal system for combating money laundering and unfair tax competition." Юридические исследования, no. 9 (September 2023): 40–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-7136.2023.9.43402.

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Worldwide efforts to eliminate bank secrecy and foster transparency in international currency flows have accelerated significantly in recent years. The identification of tax havens and potentially harmful tax practices and regimes gives rise to a considerable potential for preventing distortions and violations that could undermine the benefits of enhanced capital mobility in today’s global economy. In the light of the aforementioned, the aim of this article is to detail: 1. efforts of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) to eliminate «unfair tax competition»; 2. eff
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Manyeruke, Charity, and Lawrence Mhandara. "Reflecting on Namibia’s Position in the European Union (EU)-Southern Africa Development Community (SADC) Economic Partnership Agreements (EPAs) Negotiations and the Lessons for Africa." Journal of Public Administration and Governance 2, no. 4 (2012): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jpag.v2i4.2731.

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Negotiations for Economic Partnership Agreements (EPAs) between European Union (EU) and the African Caribbean and Pacific countries (ACP) have been on the spotlight since 2002. The negotiations seek to replace the Lome Conventions which provided for a one way non-reciprocal trading regime between the EU and the ACP countries. The paper examines the position of Namibia in relation to EPAs and the lessons that Africa can derive from Namibia’s stance. Namibia which is negotiating under the Southern African Development Community (SADC) has declined to sign the Interim Partnership Agreements, besid
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Wang, Zhihao, and Jiefei Guo. "Research on Legal Protection of Geographical Indications." Learning & Education 9, no. 3 (2020): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.18282/l-e.v9i3.1569.

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With the development of the times, geographical indications have more and more influence on a country’s economy and culture. As a big country of geographical indication resources, China should make use of the benefits of geographical indications to promote economic and cultural development. However, due to the mixed legislative mode of Trademark Act, which includes TrademarkAct,Regulations on the protection of geographical indications andAdministrative measuresfor geographical indications of agricultural products, there are conflicts and confusion in the legal provisions, which is not conduciv
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Miao, Wang. "Analysis of the Impact of Carbon Tariffs on China's Trade." Advances in Economics, Management and Political Sciences 79, no. 1 (2024): 317–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2754-1169/79/20241866.

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As the impact of the financial crisis deepened, on March 17, 2009, US Energy Secretary Steven Chu prepared to impose carbon tariffs on imported goods to avoid unfair competition in the US manufacturing industry. Meanwhile, in recent years, some developed countries or regions, such as the United States and the European Union, have proposed punitive tariffs on imported products from developing countries such as China and India based on carbon content under the pretext of addressing climate change. This measure has sparked widespread international discussion. Therefore, this article takes carbon
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Ruban, L. S. "RUSSIA BETWEEN THE WEST AND THE EAST: A STUDY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS BY SOCIOLOGICAL METHODS." Вестник Удмуртского университета. Социология. Политология. Международные отношения 7, no. 4 (2023): 503–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.35634/2587-9030-2023-7-4-503-510.

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The article analyzes the international relations of the Russian Federation with the countries of the West and the East on the basis of a systematic approach using sociological methods, namely: expert surveys and express surveys in the form of interviews, participant observation, content analysis of scientific literature and publications in the media. A historical approach was also used, which made it possible to perform a comparative analysis of data presented not statically, but dynamically. The author shows the transition from cooperation between countries (Russia and the USA, European and A
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Polyakova, Yulia Alekseevna. "Possible scenarios for European monetary policy in 2021." Mezhdunarodnaja jekonomika (The World Economics), no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 4–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/vne-04-2101-01.

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The article analyzes the proposed directions (scenarios) of fi ne-tuning of monetary policy of the European Union and the likely consequences of global pandemic volatility. The article also points to the need to continue to reform the European monetary policy, particularly considering the role of the euro in the modern system of international fi nance, the EU debt problems and competition with the U.S. dollar. The widespread prevalence of COVID-19 and the related periods of self-isolation and lockdowns have exacerbated monetary and fi nancial problems even in the world’s leading countries such
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Girich, Maria, Olga Magomedova та Antonina Levashenko. "Comparative Analysis of the Legal Regulation of the Digital Platformʼs Responsibility for the Distribution of Internet Advertising". International Organisations Research Journal 18, № 3 (2023): 163–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.17323/1996-7845-2023-03-09.

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Digital platforms serve as an effective ground for trade in goods and services, which stimulates the development of advertising on the Internet. Platforms provide advertising spaces, connect advertising distributors and advertisers as operators of advertising networks, and collect data to provide personalized advertising and to enhance marketing efficiency. This article analyzes three aspects of the digital platformʼs responsibility in the distribution of advertising on the Internet. In the first aspect, the article compares approaches in Russia to those in foreign countries regarding the resp
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ZVERIEV, Oleh. "NATURE OF ECONOMIC SANCTIONS AND REASONS FOR THEIR APPLICATION." Economy of Ukraine 67, no. 1(746) (2024): 40–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/economyukr.2024.01.040.

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Economic sanctions are an important tool of international policy aimed at influencing countries that violate international standards or pursue aggressive policy. The essence of economic sanctions is to restrict trade, financial transactions, and investments to stimulate changes in political or economic behavior of the target country. Grounds for the application of economic sanctions may include human rights violations, annexation of territories, military aggression or other actions that contradict international norms. The international community bodies, such as the UN or the European Union, ma
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Competition, Unfair – European Union countries"

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KARAGIANNIS, Yannis. "Preference heterogeneity and equilibrium institutions: The case of European competition policy." Doctoral thesis, European University Institute, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/15460.

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Defence date: 21 December 2007<br>Examining board: Prof. Adrienne Héritier (EUI)(Supervisor) ; Prof. Christian Joerges (EUI, Law Department) ; Prof. Jacint Jordana (Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona) ; Prof. Hussein Kassim (Birkbeck College, University of London)<br>PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digital archive of EUI PhD theses<br>One characteristic of European competition policy is its complex governance structure. On the one hand, the European competition regulator has always enjoyed a high degree of formal autonomy from national governments. On the other hand, that regulator ha
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Zhong, Xiao Fei. "China and the EU : competition and cooperation in the Caspian region." Thesis, University of Macau, 2010. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b2555549.

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ELBASANI, Arolda. "The impact of EU conditionality upon democratisation : comparing electoral competition and civil service reforms in post-communist Albania." Doctoral thesis, European University Institute, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/10435.

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Defence date: 30 November 2007<br>Examining Board: Prof. Philippe Schmitter (EUI); Prof. Làszlò Bruszt (EUI); Dr. Antoaneta Dimitrova (Leiden University); Prof. Shinasi Rama (New York University)<br>PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digital archive of EUI PhD theses<br>This dissertation explores how and to what extent EU conditionality can foster democratisation in a highly problematic case such as post-communist Albania. In order to examining the phenomena of democratisation in operational detail, the thesis delves into the sub-systemic level of democratisation focusing on two partial r
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Nicodème, Gaëtan. "Essays on the empirics of capital and corporate tax competition." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210709.

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La thèse est une collection de cinq articles académiques, chacun apportant une contribution originale à la connaissance et à la recherche scientifique dans le domaine de l’économie de l’imposition du capital et des sociétés. Les travaux empiriques de Gaëtan Nicodème se situent dans le contexte de la concurrence fiscale en Europe.<p><p>Le premier chapitre ‘Corporate Tax Competition and Coordination in the European Union: What do we know? Where do we stand? (Publié dans International Taxation Handbook) revisite la problématique de la concurrence fiscale dans l’Union Européenne, discute la littér
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SCHWADERER, Melanie Ariane. "Resale price maintenance in consumer good markets : an economic justification for the prohibition of RPM." Doctoral thesis, European University Institute, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/1814/62545.

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Defence date: 27 February 2019<br>Examining Board: Prof. Dr. Heike Schweitzer, LL.M. (Yale), Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Prof. Giorgio Monti, European University Institute; Prof. Dr. Rupprecht Podszun, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf; Prof. Lorenzo Federico Pace, Università degli studi del Molise<br>The thesis contributes to the debate on the EU’s approach to the business practice of resale price maintenance (RPM), which is widely criticized as too strict and in conflict with what is considered to be the consensus in the economic literature. The thesis critically dissects the eco
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Cornelis, Joris. "The EU's anti-dumping policy towards China: adiscriminatory policy and unfair methodology?" Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2005. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B3655084X.

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Papandropoulos, Sylvie-Pénélope. "Issues in european competition policy: lobbying, reputation and R&D co-operation." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211988.

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MARCO, COLINO Sandra. "Towards a sound economic analysis in EC competition law? : the new regulatory framework for motor vehicle distribution agreements in the EU." Doctoral thesis, European University Institute, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/7020.

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Defence date: 21 May 2007<br>Examining Board: Prof. Christian Joerges, (EUI) ; Prof. Heike Schweitzer, (EUI) ; Prof. Barry Rodger, (University of Strathclyde) ; Prof. Luis Ortiz Blanco (Universidad Rey Juan Carlos)<br>PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digital archive of EUI PhD theses<br>no abstract available
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Barker, Roger M. "Competition, parties and the determinants of change in European corporate governance : a macro-comparative analysis /." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2008. http://ora.ouls.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:31d9f1df-60e4-413d-80b2-e35e8790bac9.

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Delechat, Aude Simonne Emilie. "Une concurrence fiscale loyale (un compte de fée?) /." Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=83950.

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Tax competition between tax sovereignties is a fact. We focus here on the international tax competition. Taxation is one of the tools of governance that States use to direct their policies. Tax authorities try to diminish the burden of their taxpayers to improve the national economic and social welfare. To aim this objective, Governments intensify the competitiveness of the domestic trade and/or attract foreign investments. Because every States share the same goal, Governments compete with each other on the tax field. This tax competition is qualified as beneficial on the one hand, and
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Books on the topic "Competition, Unfair – European Union countries"

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Ghidini, Gustavo. Intellectual property and competition law: The innovation nexus. Edward Elgar, 2006.

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Valentine, Korah, ed. An introductory guide to EC competition law and practice. 5th ed. Sweet & Maxwell, 1994.

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Whish, Richard. Competition law. 3rd ed. Butterworths, 1993.

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Whish, Richard. Competition law. Butterworths, 1985.

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E, Sufrin B., ed. Competition law. 3rd ed. Butterworths, 1993.

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Whish, Richard. Competition law. 4th ed. Butterworths, 2001.

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Hans-W, Micklitz, and Wilhelmsson Thomas 1949-, eds. European fair trading law: The unfair commercial practices directive. Ashgate Pub. Company, 2006.

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Peter, Groves. Intellectual property with competition law and practice. Cavendish, 1994.

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Kameoka, Etsuko. Competition law and policy in Japan and the EU. Edward Elgar, 2014.

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Colino, Sandra Marco. Competition law of the EU and UK. 7th ed. Oxford University Press, 2011.

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Book chapters on the topic "Competition, Unfair – European Union countries"

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Sissenich, Beate. "European Union Policies toward Accession Countries." In Public Opinion, Party Competition, and the European Union in Post-Communist Europe. Palgrave Macmillan US, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-11500-3_2.

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Inan, Nurkut, and Gamze Öz. "Turkish Competition Law and the Impact of the Customs Union Decision." In Turkey and Central and Eastern European Countries in Transition. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-333-97800-9_12.

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Hoen, Ellen ‘t. "Protection of Clinical Test Data and Public Health: A Proposal to End the Stronghold of Data Exclusivity." In Access to Medicines and Vaccines. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-83114-1_7.

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AbstractTest data demonstrating the efficacy, safety and quality of a medicine is required by drug regulatory agencies before a new treatment obtains marketing approval and can be made available to patients. Because test data can be costly and time-consuming to produce, certain countries have ‘data exclusivity’ regimes that restrict use of test data to the originator company for a period of time. Generic and biosimilar companies rely on originator test data to obtain marketing approval for generic products, so data exclusivity periods can delay entry of lower-cost treatments to the market. While data exclusivity is not required by the World Trade Organization, countries such as the United States and the European Union often push their stronger data exclusivity provisions on other countries through free trade agreements (FTAs). While a small number of countries have waivers to data exclusivity for cases of emergency or other public health need, most do not. This can hamper the timely and affordable availability of needed medicines. Waivers to data exclusivity should be included in legislation to protect public health, and other ways to protect test data against unfair commercial use should be explored.
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Malakhova, Tatiana S., Alexander A. Voronov, Pavel V. Gorlachev, Tatyana S. Kuzina, and Andrey A. Bukhtayarov. "Development of Cooperation Between the European Union and Partner Countries in the Transport Sector in the Context of Increasing Competition in International Markets." In Advances in Science, Technology & Innovation. Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-29364-1_35.

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"§ 4 European Union." In International Handbook on Unfair Competition, edited by Frauke Henning-Bodewig. Nomos, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/9783845259123_76.

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Págio, Leonardo Saraiva. "UMA NOVA ORDEM JURÍDICA FISCAL INTERNACIONAL ATRAVÉS DA COOPERAÇÃO ELETRÔNICA DE INFORMAÇÕES FINANCEIRAS-FISCAIS." In Fronteiras de acesso à Justiça: Processo e Meios Alternativos na Democracia no Século XXI. JUS.XXI, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.51389/qdkv9608.

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In a Portuguese-Brazilian dialogue, confronting the realities of the American and European continents, it is clear that the European Union, through the OECD with the support of the United States through FATCA, contributes to international cooperation with respect to providing legal conditions and procedures favorable to an information technology integrated in the scope of their respective financial-fiscal systems to attend to the control and inspection of facts that generate taxable wealth and, in this way, realize distributive justice at the international level, strengthening all countries. It is notorious the existence of a significant portion of the population using the culture of avoiding taxation as an advantageous means to indulge themselves and have greater gains against competitors in an unfair way. This posture on the part of natural and legal persons in American and European countries directly harms the collection, the provision of public services and the democratic process for the effective reduction of social inequalities. Confronting this nefarious and improper conduct of omissive tax exemption, which directly affects the implementation of international fiscal and human rights standards, is in line with a promising legal regime for exchanges at a technological level of financial-tax information in the fight against fraud and tax evasion. In addition to eliminating terrorist financing, preventing aggressive tax planning, money laundering and eliminating criminal organizations that engage in money laundering and other crimes against public order. The theme of exchanging tax information has been widely debated and new paradigms have been adopted, namely due to the international context we have lived in the last decades characterized by the phenomenon of globalization of national economies, technological advances, the role of the Social State and several unexpected events and impacting of a natural or induced nature, it has favored a new posture of adaptation, improvement and integration of countries and their administrative operation systems and, above all, fiscal. The activities in this legal exchange regime, according to the author, are the responsibility of an international organization with specialized technical coordination (European Commission/WTO) with power to make decisions regarding the promotion or economic administrative restrictions in favor of the public interest, in the rigorous and sophisticated regulation of the entire flow of information generated in each tax system in the European Union, Mercosur and all countries in the world, so that taxpayers are under monitoring and security regarding their valued income and acquisitions, given the globalized economy, as this deepens scientific research in his master's thesis in legal and business sciences in Portugal. The European Union, like Mercosur and other intergovernmental organizations for economic integration, are advancing with the objective of transparency and improvement of processes that will benefit the State's revenue and establish fiscal rules that favor the exchange of financial information between countries for an advanced control and inspection of the tax system, in the face of that omissive sovereign State, which perhaps does not respect or is unable to preserve the rights constitutionally guaranteed to all its citizens. The cooperation system in the exchange of financial-fiscal information at a universal level, between the tax administrations integrated to the competition bodies, will enable the execution of investigation, analysis, control and financial-fiscal-market assessment of all taxpayers and companies in a certain territory, so that it does not happen that a given company decides to transfer to another country to carry out its operations, based on privileged and selective conditions granted to it, without taking into account the damage to competitors, to the taxpayers and the State.
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Kessedjian, Catherine. "Competition." In Transnational Tort Litigation: Jurisdictional Principles. Oxford University PressOxford, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198259190.003.0010.

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Abstract Traditionally, in law, there are two areas of competition: unfair competition and antitrust, as this term is used by the French Ordinance of 1986, Articles 85 and 86 of the Treaty of Rome for the European Union, or the Clayton and Sherman Acts in the United States. Both types of competition, to a different degree, are intended to protect private and public interests. Indeed, these regulations aim at protecting a certain concept of the market and an economic order promoted by states, based on free movement of goods and services, and to protect market operators from unfair dealings.
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"Article 10bis and the European Union." In The Protection against Unfair Competition in the WTO TRIPS Agreement. Brill | Nijhoff, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004313477_006.

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Nordemann, Axel, and Tara Aaron-Stelluto. "The Relationship Between Trademark Rights and Unfair Competition Law." In Overlapping Intellectual Property Rights, 2nd ed. Oxford University PressOxford, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192844477.003.0017.

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Abstract This chapter expounds on the relationship between trademark rights and unfair competition law. Laws against unfair competition ensure the proper execution of the competition between market participants and the observation of the rules of fairness. Moreover, the federal law of trademarks and unfair competition primarily exists for the benefit of consumers while also offering market players advantages like nationwide protection and the ability to bring cases in federal court. The chapter looks into scenarios wherein trademark infringements and unfair competitive practices coincide, while simultaneously referencing German law, American laws, and European laws. It also cites that national laws and jurisdiction are influenced by the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) jurisdiction.
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Tóth, András. "Central European Countries’ Competition Law Practice Contribution to the Development of EU Competition Law." In The Policies of the European Union from a Central European Perspective. Central European Academic Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54171/2022.aojb.poeucep_5.

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The case law of the Central European EU Member States has made important contributions to the development of EU competition law through preliminary rulings. First, restriction of competition ‘by object’ is an open category since the European Court of Justice’s judgment in the Hungarian insurance cartel: the competition authority or the court may also declare market conduct as anti-competitive by object if it is not yet characterized as having an anti-competitive object. Second, preliminary ruling questions referred from Central European countries have given the EU Court of Justice an opportunity to clarify the relationship between national and EU competition law.
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Conference papers on the topic "Competition, Unfair – European Union countries"

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FERUNI, Nerajda. "MACROECONOMIC INDICATORS OF HAPPINESS: CASE OF THE EUROPEAN UNION COUNTRIES." In Happiness And Contemporary Society : Conference Proceedings Volume. SPOLOM, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31108/7.2021.23.

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The aim of this paper is to test empirically the relationship between life satisfaction, another term used for happiness, and macroeconomic indicators such as GDP per capita, which is a proxy for economic growth, unemployment, inflation, income distribution and government expenditure in the European Union countries during the period of 2005-2017. The chosen variables are some of the most significant determinants of economic growth as well. Using the Fixed Effects model, which falls under the Panel Generalized Least Square method, the empirical results are in accordance with the literature revi
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PODSIADLO, Piotr. "State aid for employment and competitiveness of the European Union countries - a legal and finance approach." In Current Trends in Public Sector Research. Masaryk University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p210-9646-2020-11.

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Due to the imperfect functioning of labour markets in certain cases, State aid may be an appropriate instrument for creating new jobs and preserving existing ones. Legal regulation of the issue of State aid is an element of the competition mechanism protection, which was recognized in the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU). This paper discusses guidelines for implementation of art. 107–109 of the TFEU, from the point of view of State aid for employment. Statistical analysis was carried out on State aid granted by EU Member States in the period 2001–2018 – from the perspecti
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Boharu (Mircea), Raluca Mihaela, and Andreea Cristina Savu. "The Need for European Norms and Measures to Prevent Social Dumping." In 3rd International Conference Global Ethics -Key of Sustainability (GEKoS). Lumen Publishing House, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18662/lumproc/gekos2022/14.

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Combating the phenomenon of social dumping is a permanent concern of the European Union in the context of the creation of the internal market. Has the risk of social dumping become a permanent problem within the European Union meant that the European legislator has provided answers to the question: has European legislation taken sufficient, effective, and concrete measures to enable the European legal mechanism to combat this phenomenon? The article aims to analyze how the European space integrates into the global economic environment. The secondary purpose is also to identify how it can prote
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Hučková, Regina, and Martina Semanová. "THE POSITION AND REGULATION OF GATEKEEPERS IN THE CONTEXT OF THE NEW EUROPEAN LEGISLATION." In The recovery of the EU and strengthening the ability to respond to new challenges – legal and economic aspects. Faculty of Law, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.25234/eclic/22441.

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Over the last two decades, a better digital transformation has fundamentally changed the global economy and society. Digital services have become new tools and their importance for our social and economic life will continue to grow. When we adopted the e-commerce directive 20 years ago, many digital services and platforms such as Google, Amazon or Booking were in their initial stage or did not yet exist. The blockades as the consequence of the COVID pandemic have now strengthened the role of online platforms. People have changed their habits towards the online world so that they can do busines
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Codreanu, Alina. "Milestones On The Importance Of Applying The General Principles Governing Public Procurement." In 27th International Scientific Conference “Competitiveness and Innovation in the Knowledge Economy”. Academy of Economic Studies of Moldova, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.53486/cike2023.67.

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At national level, the development of the concept of public procurement involves a transparent path, based on the achievement of specific principles, objectives, methods and procedures. In this respect, the European directives applicable to public procurement involve certain principles absolutely necessary to be followed when performing public procurement contracts themselves. Therefore, we mention the role and importance of the correct application of principles such as: non-discrimination, equal treatment, proportionality, mutual recognition, the principle of transparency, the principle of av
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Thompson, Trevor. "Laboratory Accreditation in Europe." In NCSL International Workshop & Symposium. NCSL International, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.51843/wsproceedings.2012.11.

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0.1 In recent years the attitude of the European Commission (EC) and of the Governments of the European countries, toward accreditation has changed such that it is now regarded as a national authority function, to be conducted in the absence of competition. Each European Union (EU)member state appoints a sole national accreditation body operating generally only within its national borders.0.2 Under the provisions of the European co-operation for Accreditation [2] Multi Lateral Agreement (EA MLA) [3] the European accreditation bodies now cooperate to ensure that laboratories are accredited by t
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Lobanov, Natalia. "Challenges for the international trading system in the context of global security." In Economic Security in the Context of Systemic Transformations, 3rd Edition. Academy of Economic Studies of Moldova, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.53486/escst2023.05.

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The article analyzes the challenges to the security and functionality of the international trade system, consisting of the trade flows between the states of the world, as well as a series of international regulatory institutions.Among the main challenges we mention military and trade conflicts, divergent growth trends in different regions, volatility of raw material prices, economic instability, governance issues within the World Trade Organization, the increase in the number and importance of regional trade agreements that gradually shift the focus of to the multilateral trade system to regio
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Reports on the topic "Competition, Unfair – European Union countries"

1

Devlin, Robert. The Free Trade Area of the Americas and MERCOSUR-European Union Free Trade Processes: Can They Learn Something from Each Other? Inter-American Development Bank, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0008679.

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The FTAA process itself has already generated important positive externalities for the hemisphere and the multilateral system. It has provided a regular forum in which 34 countries'; trade delegations have gotten to personally know each other better on a first name basis. This increasing personal espirit des corps not only has enhanced the FTAA process, but has also provided a new stage for resolving bilateral trade issues and undertaking new initiatives. Since the baseline for the FTAA is the WTO disciplines, FTAA meetings have been a learning laboratory for many delegations regarding the com
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Frohmann, Alicia, Jaume Ventura, Rainer Schweickert, et al. Euro-Latin Study Network on Integration and Trade (ELSNIT): 2nd Annual Conference. Inter-American Development Bank, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0006622.

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The process of economic reform and trade liberalization in Latin America and the Caribbean, under way since the end of the 1980s, has brought about an increasing integration of the countries in the region into the world economy, both in terms of commercial and investment flows. At the same time, Latin American countries have been pursuing the process of deepening economic integration at the subregional level, negotiating trade liberalization at the regional and hemispheric level, as well as engaging in multilateral trade negotiations. Latin American countries are also negotiating cooperation a
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Ventura, Jaume, Rainer Schweickert, Michel Fouquin, Omar Licandro, Jacques Ziller, and Rolf J. Langhammer. Euro-Latin Study Network on Integration and Trade (ELSNIT): 3rd Annual Conference. Inter-American Development Bank, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0006623.

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The process of economic reform and trade liberalization in Latin America and the Caribbean, under way since the end of the 1980s, has brought about an increasing integration of the countries in the region into the world economy, both in terms of commercial and investment flows. At the same time, Latin American countries have been pursuing the process of deepening economic integration at the subregional level, negotiating trade liberalization at the regional and hemispheric level, as well as engaging in multilateral trade negotiations. Latin American countries are also negotiating cooperation a
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4

Davis, Eric C., Ethan Sabala, Dylan Russell, and Jayson Beckman. Impact of recent trade agreements on Japan's pork market. USDA Economic Research Service, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2023.8023699.ers.

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Since the turn of the century, Japan has relied on domestic pork production to supply around half of its pork consumption. In part, this production has been aided by import barriers that have helped shield domestic pork producers from foreign competition. Between 2018 and 2021, Japan ratified trade agreements with the United States, European Union, United Kingdom, and Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP) countries that will virtually eliminate these import barriers by 2028. With essentially all of Japan’s pork imports coming from these trade agreement p
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