Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Complement 5'
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Sobrinho, Natália Umetsu. "Caracterização molecular dos componentes C1q, C4 e C2 do sistema complemento em pacientes pediátricos com lúpus eritematoso sistêmico." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5141/tde-05112013-163219/.
Full textObjective: To perform the molecular characterization of C1q, C4 and C2 genes in patients with Juvenile Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (JSLE). Methods: Four patients with JSLE and C1q, C4 and/or C2 deficiencies were chosen. Patient P1 had undetectable C1q serum level and normal levels of C3 and C4; Patient P2 had decreased levels of C2 and C4 serum while P3 had decreased C2 with normal C3 and C4 levels. Lastly P4 had repeated decreased C4 and normal C1q, C2 and C3 serum levels. C1q and C2 genes were sequenced. Peripheral mononuclear cells from patients P1, P3 and P4 and from three healthy individuals were both cultivated and stimulated with interferon gamma and a quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) was also performed to verify mRNA expression. Results: C1q molecular characterization for P1 revealed heterozygous silent mutations in A chain (c.276 A>G Gly) and in C chain (c.126 C>T Pro). Additionally, in B chain two homozygous single-base exchanges were detected in the 5´UTR (c. -159 T>G) and 3\'UTR region (c*78 A>G). The qRTPCR revealed that C1qA gene mRNA expression without stimulation was decreased 1.3 times and with interferon gamma was 1.6 times more expressed compared with controls samples. C1qB gene expression without stimulation was 2.2 times decreased and when stimulated was 1.5 times more expressed. Controls did not expressed C1qC gene and patient P1 had low expression both with and without stimulation. P2 had 2 copies of C4A and 1 copy of C4B. C2 gene sequencing (P2 and P3) showed 100% match with referenced sequence, with exception to 28bp deletion at the exon 6 (heterozygous C2 deficiency type I). C2 mRNA expression from P3 without stimulation was 23 times decreased and with interferon was 4.2 times decreased compared with controls. P4 had 2 copies of C4A and 3 copies of C4B. The qRT-PCR were performed only in C4B gene showed without stimulation a 14 times decreased expression and with interferon stimulation the expression were similar to controls. Conclusions: The two homozygous single-base exchanges in 5\'UTR and 3\'UTR that correspond to the promoter region and stabilization mRNA region in B chain of C1q gene, may have modified mRNA transcription as its expression was decreased without stimulation. Further analysis is necessary to relate C1q gene variations and undetectable serum C1q. In addition, heterozygous C2 deficiency type I may lead to reduced mRNA expression and may be present in JSLE patients with detectable C2 levels. Finally, the decreased C4B gene expression showed that serum dosage and gene copy number may not be sufficient to assess C4 deficiency
Correia, Alexandre Pires. "Avaliação de mutações no gene do inibidor de C1 esterase em pacientes com angioedema hereditário." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5133/tde-24022010-173619/.
Full textActivation of complement and contact systems results in the formation of vasoactive peptides such as bradykinin and anafilatoxinas. The C1 esterase inhibitor (C1-INH) is the main regulator of these two systems and the deficiency of this protein results in hereditary angioedema (HAE). It is a rare disease of autosomal dominant inheritance, characterized by deficiency of C1-INH, which is due to mutations in its structural gene, leading with severe episodes of edema in subcutaneous tissue, gastrointestinal and respiratory tract, potentially fatal. There are two phenotypic variants: HAE type I, with reduced plasma antigen levels and HAE type II with normal or low levels of C1-INH and dysfunctional activity. Several mutations have been described in the gene of the C1 esterase inhibitor (SERPING1), however, no studies to assess the relevance of this disease and the gene mutations in our population. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the molecular changes in patients with HAE, correlating it with clinical and laboratory manifestations. Samples of plasma, serum and DNA from fifteen patients from the same family were collected. CH50 hemolytic assay for assessing the integrity of the classical pathway of the complement system and quantitative evaluation of C1-INH and C4 by nephelometry tests were performed to confirm the diagnosis of disease. The functional activity of the protein was assessed by colorimetric assay and the possible relationship between mutations in the protein and the phenotype of the disease was assessed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing of genomic DNA. Hemolytic activity of complement and the total dosage of C3 were normal in patients and controls. Levels of antigenic activity of C1-INH and C4 were shown to be less valued in most (13/15). Functional evaluation found low activity (<50%) of normal (70% - 130%) in all patients examined. The distribution of mutations among the 8 exons of the gene for C1-INH concentrate in the exons 4 (g.4706-88A> G) and 7 (g.14145 +20 A> G) and 8 (Val480Met). Two of these mutations have not been described yet, which contributes to understanding the function of serpins and also helps to define more fully the biological role of the C1 inhibitor
Jesus, Adriana Almeida de. "Investigação de imunodeficiências primárias em pacientes com lúpus eritematoso sistêmico juvenil." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5141/tde-02082011-171356/.
Full textObjectives. The objectives of this study were: to establish the frequency of primary immunoglobulin and Complement deficiency in Juvenile SLE (JSLE); to evaluate possible associations between the presence of primary immunodeficiency and demographic data, occurrence of infections, JSLE clinical manifestations, disease activity, cumulative damage and therapy; and to determine the frequency of anti-C1q antibody, establishing its sensitivity, specificity and predictive values for JSLE diagnosis. Methods. Seventy-two JSLE patients were analyzed for serum levels of immunoglobulin classes (IgG, IgA, IgM e IgE) and IgG subclasses and early components of the classical Complement pathway (C1q, C1r, C1s, C4, C2, C3). Sixty-seven patients and 26 healthy controls were evaluated for the presence of anti-C1q antibody. C4 gene copy number was determined by real time PCR (polymerase chain reaction) in C4 deficient patients. Seventy patients were analyzed by PCR for the presence of type I C2 deficiency. Results. Evidence of PID was identified in 16 patients (22%): 3 with C2 deficiency (D), 3 with C4D, 2 with C1qD, 4 with IgG2D (<20mg/dL), 3 with IgAD (<7mg/dL), and 3 with IgMD (<35mg/dL); one of these patients presented concomitant IgA, C2 and C4 deficiency. Four out of the 13 boys (30%) and 12 out of 59 girls (20%) had PID diagnosis. SLE features did not differ between patients with and without PID. The median SLICC/ACR-DI was higher among PID subjects (p=0.0033), as was the frequency of SLICC/ACR-DI>1 (p=0.023). Both groups did not differ regarding the occurrence of infections and therapeutic for JSLE. The only 2 cases with age of onset below 2 years presented C1qD and IgMD, respectively. For JSLE diagnosis, the anti-C1q antibodies presented a specificity of 100% (CI 86.7-100%), sensitivity of 19.4% (CI 10.7-30.8%), positive predictive value of 100% (CI 75.3-100%) and negative predictive value of 32,5% (CI 22,4-43,9%). Conclusions. A high frequency of immunoglobulin and Complement deficiency was observed in this JSLE series, suggesting that these defects may contribute to lupus development. Our findings indicate that these two groups of PID should be investigated in early-onset and severe lupus
Kusakabe, Jiro. "Complement 5 inhibition ameliorates hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury in mice, dominantly via the C5a-mediated cascade." Kyoto University, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/254516.
Full textArruk, Viviana Galimberti. "Avaliação do sistema complemento e produção de anticorpos de pacientes HIV negativos com neurocriptococose." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5144/tde-11012012-092626/.
Full textCryptococcus sp is a fungal pathogen with a worldwide distribution. Although it is ubiquitous in the environment, cryptococcal disease occurs predominantly in immunocompromised hosts and can also occur in apparently immunocompetent individuals. The innate immunity is of special relevance for the antifungal reaction, as it allows an immediate reaction and recognizes a broad variety of fungal pathogens. The host immune response is a major determinant of the outcome of cryptococcal infection; however, the antibodies response is poorly understood. In addition, most of the studies are experimental and there is restricted knowledge concerning the human immune response. Complement system has soluble factors, restrictive regulator proteins and cellular receptors involved in defense mechanism. Glucuroxylomannan (GXM) monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) have numerous biological activities: a) opsonization for phagocytosis, b) activation of the classical complement pathway leading to early deposition of C3 fragments on the yeast, c) suppression overall accumulation of C3 via the alternative pathway; d) clearance facilitation of GXM from serum in vivo, leading to increased accumulation of GXM in tissues rich in mononuclear phagocyte system; e) protection in murine models of cryptococcosis and f) facilitation of various aspects of cellular immunity to Cryptococcus sp. The goal of our study was to evaluate if the antibody response to GXM and cell wall proteins regarding specific antibodies as well as complement system in sera of immunocompetent adults with and without neurocryptococcosis. The aim of our research was to evaluate classical and alternative complement system pathway, to quantify mannose-binding lectin (MBL) as well antibody response to GXM and cell wall proteins (AgS) regarding specific antibodies in sera of immunocompetent adults with and without neurocryptococcosis. One hundred and six samples were collected and classified in 3 groups: group 1- 21 individuals with neurocryptococcosis and low exposure to the yeast; group 2- was composed by 23 healthy individuals, chicken farmings from Jurumirim, a town 164 km to São Paulo, and with high exposure to Cryptoccocus spp and HIV negative. The third group included 60 healthy HIV negative individuals with presumed low exposure to Cryptococcus. Two patients were excluded by report of previous malignancies (timoma and pulmonary cancer). The complement system was evaluated by hemolytic assay and ELISA to MBL. CH 50 and AP 50 values were within the normal range in 17/21; 13/23; 59/60 patients in groups 1, 2 and 3 respectivelly. Mean CH 50 values were significantly different among the three groups (P < 0,0001). Group 2 showed significantly reduced levels in comparison with groups 1 and 3. AP 50 values were within the normal range in 11/21; 21/23; 60/60 patients in groups 1, 2 and 3 respectivelly. There was difference in the AP 50 values (P=0,0005) and one no activation of this pathway in group 1. There was significant difference in MBL among the groups (P = 0,0277). GXM antibodies IgG was measured by ELISA and expressed as optical density (OD). GXM- IgG was detected in all the groups with significant difference among them (P = 0,0127). The means of IgG anti-GXM (OD) were: 1.191 (range 0,49 to 1.217) in group 1, 1.572 (range 0,815 to 2.479) in group 2 and 0,965 (range 0,321 to 1.295) in the group 3. Two of the group 2 individuals had low GXM titers (1/256 and 1/32) and no symptoms. Four patients (4/21; 19%) with neurocryptococcosis died and the results showed: normal classical pathway activation, 2/4 had low (12 UI/mL) or undetectable alternative pathway values ; 3/4 had high MBL concentrations and only one had low OD for IgG anti-GXM. In conclusion, our results suggest that constant and high exposure to Cryptococcus sp can prevent the development of cryptococcosis, i.e. constant and intensive fungal exposition induces protective antibodies to clinical disease but not to the infection. In the other side, genetic factors which determine MBL concentrations could influence the susceptibility to neurocryptococcosis. The antibodies contribute to GXM clearance, however, the concentrations did not correlate with the resistance to the disease
Kadkhodayi-Kholghi, Nilufar. "Role of the complement factor H-related protein 5 in renal disease by protein expression and molecular solution structural studies." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2018. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10041614/.
Full textSong, Alice Tung Wan. "C4d e PCR do VHC em tecido no diagnóstico diferencial entre rejeição e recidiva de hepatite C em pacientes transplantados de fígado." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5134/tde-13062012-141907/.
Full textBACKGROUND: Advanced liver disease caused by hepatitis C virus (HCV) is the leading indication for liver transplantation worldwide. More than half of patients present disease recurrence up to one year after transplantation. Liver biopsy plays an essential role in disease recurrence diagnosis and consequently in its treatment, and differential diagnosis regarding acute rejection may sometimes be difficult. Tissue marker C4d and quantification of tissue HCV RNA have been proposed as auxiliary methods in this differential diagnosis. OBJECTIVES: Main objective was to evaluate the role of C4d deposition and tissue quantification of HCV RNA in the differential diagnosis between acute rejection and viral recurrence in liver transplant recipients. Secondary objectives were: to evaluate the association between C4d deposition and epidemiological, clinical, laboratorial, and histological features of acute rejection and chronic hepatitis; and to evaluate the association between tissue quantification of HCV RNA and epidemiological, clinical, laboratorial and histological features of chronic hepatitis. METHODS: A retrospective diagnostic study was performed with liver biopsy samples. Specimens were selected based on histological diagnosis, and divided into four groups: acute rejection in patients transplanted for HCV (group I), HCV recurrence without rejection (group II), acute rejection in patients transplanted for conditions other than HCV (group III), and non-transplanted chronic HCV (group IV). Patients charts were reviewed and laboratorial data were collected in order to obtain demographic, clinical and laboratorial data. Samples were stained for C4d with quantitative grading of compartments (portal area, hepatic sinusoids and centrilobular) and were submitted to HCV RNA quantification. The following outcomes were compared among groups: C4d quantitative tissue staining and tissue HCV RNA quantification. RESULTS: Twenty-eight cases were included in group I, 25 cases in group II, 20 cases in group III, and 25 cases in group IV. The main compartment of deposition was portal, with intense staining in group IV, with statistical difference compared to all other groups (p=0,002). Portal C4d presented intense correlation with periportal inflammation. There was no statistical difference in C4d quantification between rejection and recurrence groups among patients transplanted for HCV. Tissue HCV RNA quantification was higher in hepatitis C recurrence samples compared to acute rejection samples (p<0,001), and there was significant correlation with serum HCV RNA quantification and with time of biopsy after transplantation. Area under ROC curve was 0,818 for tissue HCV RNA quantification, and with a cutpoint of 58,15 IU/ml, the test presented sensitivity of 70% for the diagnosis of disease recurrence, specificity of 89%, and positive and negative predictive values of 84% and 78%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Although there was no difference in C4d quantification between acute rejection and viral recurrence groups in patients transplanted for HCV, there was intense portal C4d deposition in non-transplanted chronic hepatitis C cases. Correlation was found between portal C4d and periportal inflammation grading. Tissue HCV RNA quantification was statistically higher in disease recurrence group compared to acute rejection, and this test is a potential diagnostic test for this differential diagnosis
Leoratti, Fabiana Maria de Souza. "Influência de variantes de receptores de reconhecimento padrão na suscetibilidade à malária." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5160/tde-19112008-173242/.
Full textMalaria is one of the major causes of disease and death worldwide, mainly of children. It is also the strongest known force for evolutionary selection in the recent history of the human genome. Besides environmental and parasite factors, host genetic factors play a major role in determining both susceptibility to malaria and the course of infection. Innate immune mechanisms directed against Plasmodium parasites both contribute to protection from malaria and modulate adaptive immune responses. The innate immune system recognizes Plasmodium via a limited number of pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) and initiates a broad spectrum of defense mechanisms that result in the development of inflammation and host resistance to infection. But, the complete control of the infection requires adaptive immune responses; and the innate immune system is also very efficient in instructing the cellular mediators of adaptive immunity to lead a powerful additional strike force against the parasite. Clinical malaria is characterized by high levels of circulating proinflammatory cytokines, which are thought to contribute to the immunopathology of the disease. The balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory responses toward the parasite is considered critical for clinical protection. The innate immune system initiates and thus sets the threshold of immune responses. In this study, we investigated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in the genes of three PRRs: TLR, MBL and CR1 in Plasmodium-infected individuals living in endemic areas of Brazil. The SNPs TLR1 (I602S), TLR4 (D229G), TLR6 (S249P), TLR9 (T-1237C/ -1486C), MBL [in the coding sequence of exon 1 at codons 52, 54, and 57 (MBL2*A or D, A or B, and A or C, respectively); in the promoter region at position -221 (*X or *Y); and in the untranslated sequence at position +4 (*P or *Q)] and CR-1(C5507G) were determined by PCR-RFLP. We observed associations of the TLR1 I602S, TLR6 S249P and untranslated sequence at position +4 MBL (*Q) variants with clinical manifestations of malaria and of the TLR9 T-1486C, TLR9 T-1237C, MBL2*D and MBL-insufficient diplotype (XA+O/O) with higher parasitemias. No association was observed to the CR-1 C5507G ) and clinical manifestations of malaria or parasitemia. Also, we observed that individuals with MBLsufficient haplotype (YA/YA+YA/XA+YA/O+XA/XA) and not bearing the allele TLR1 I602S had less clinical manifestations of malaria and individuals with MBL-sufficient haplotype and not bearing TLR9 -1486C had lower parasitemias when compared to individuals with MBL-insufficient diplotype and bearing the variant alleles TLR1 I602S and TLR9 -1486C, respectively. Altogether, our data indicate that TLR-9 promoter and MBL-insufficient haplotype (XA+O/O) polymorphisms to some extent may control the level of Plasmodium parasitemia while TLR1 deficiency seems to predispose to mild malaria. Also, they could suggest cooperation among TLR1, TLR9 and MBL in the immune response against malaria. These genetic findings may contribute to the understanding of the pathogenesis of malaria and raise a potentially interesting issue that is worthy of further investigation in other population in order to validate the genetics contribution of these loci to the pathogenesis of malaria
Martins, Hugo Ludovico. "Análise da detecção de C4d, linfócitos B e plasmócitos no processo de rejeição ao aloenxerto renal." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5148/tde-07052010-145241/.
Full textAllograft rejection mediated by cellular or humoral mechanisms represents an important complication after kidney transplantation. Capillary C4d deposition was recognized as a specific and independent prognostic marker of antibody mediated rejection. The gold standard technique for C4d detection is the immunofluorescence in cryostat sections. However, this technique involves some operating and costs limitations, particularly in Brazil. In antibody mediated rejection, the analysis of B lymphocytes and plasma cells is of pathogenetic relevance since these cells are responsible for antibody production. Considering that the involvement of B lymphocytes and plasma cells in the rejection process is not clear, in this study the CD20 and CD138 expression in kidney biopsies will be also analyzed. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to analyze the C4d detection by 4 different techniques and the infiltration of B lymphocytes and plasma cells in renal allograft biopsies, correlating these findings with the capillary C4d deposition. One hundred and seven biopsies of 82 renal transplant patients were analyzed. C4d was evaluated by immunofluorescence (IF) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) techniques in frozen and paraffin sections (obtained from the same patients), whereas B-lymphocytes and plasma cells were evaluated by immunohistochemistry in paraffin sections using specific antibodies anti-B Lymphocytes (CD20) and anti-plasma cells (CD138). Regarding the C4d detection, the techniques with higher concordance rate with frozen-IF, considered the gold standard, were the frozen-IHC technique (85.4% of cases showed coincident results, r=0.72; p<0.0001) and the paraffin-IF technique (73%, r=0.59; p=0.0001), whereas the concordance rate in the paraffin-IHC technique was only 51.4% (r=0.35; p=0.03). The clinical follow up analysis demonstrate that C4d positive group was associated with a poor graft survival at 3 years post-diagnosis (67% vs 96% in C4d negative group; p=0.01). The histological analysis of mature B cells (CD20+) infiltrate showed 2 distinct patterns: scattered cells and clusters. The cluster pattern was associated with poor graft survival at 3 years (61% vs 89% in the CD20 negative group; p=0.03; and 61% vs 87% in the CD20+ scattered pattern group; p=0.03). The plasma cells infiltrate was not associated with a worse clinical transplant outcome. The analysis of the capillary C4d and B lymphocytes correlation demonstrate that the number of CD20+ and CD138+ cells was significantly higher in C4d positive cases (CD20+: 155±53 vs 26±7 cells/mm2, respectively; p=0.001; CD138+: 46±22 vs 4±1 cells/mm2, respectively; p=0.002). This study concluded that C4d capillary and mature B cells (clusters pattern) are associated with worse graft survival. Another important conclusion is a positive association between B lymphocytes (mature B cells and plasma cells) and capillary C4d, suggesting a possible role of these cells, responsible for antibodies production, in the in situ complement system activation. Finally, the frozen-IHC and paraffin-IF techniques may be considered alternative to frozen-IF technique for C4d detection
Ferraroni, Natasha Rebouças. "Níveis séricos e polimorfismos gênicos da Lectina Ligadora de Manose (MBL) e da Serino Protease Associada à MBP (MASP)-2 em uma amostra da população brasileira." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5133/tde-20072011-141341/.
Full textBACKGROUND: Mannose-binding lectin (MBL) is a protein that recognizes carbohydrates on microbial surface leading to complement activation. This process is mediated by MBL-associated serine proteases, such as MASP-2. MBL/MASP-2 complex is responsible for generating the C3 convertase C4bC2b. Both MBL and MASP-2 levels are genetically determined, and can be influenced by the presence of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the genes encoding for these proteins (namely MBL2 and MASP-2). OBJTECTIVE: to determine MBL and MASP-2 serum levels and the frequencies of MBL2 and MASP-2 gene polymorphisms in a Brazilian population sample. METHODS: 294 blood donor samples [median age = 36.51 ± 10.56 years, range 18-63, 91/294 (31%) females and 203/294 (69%) males] were genotyped for MBL2 exon 1 SNPs: single point mutation in codon 52 (ArgCys), 54 (GlyAsp) and 57 (GlyGlu), and MASP-2 polymorphism Asp371Tyr (D371Y, A>C) (exon 9). A melting temperature assay was used to perform the genotyping of MBL2 SNPs. The combination of variants of MBL2 were grouped together as allele O, wild types were indicated as A. Exon 1 promoters were evaluated by direct genotype sequencing- alleles H/L, X/Y and P/Q (positions -550, -221 and +4, respectively). MASP-2 exon 9 genotyping was performed by using TaqMan pre-developed assay. RESULTS: MBL2: 58.5% A/A, 36.39% A/O, 5.1% O/O; promoters: 13% H/H, 39% H/L, 48% L/L; 2% X/X, 26% X/Y, 72% Y/Y; 52% P/P, 37% P/Q, 11% Q/Q; haplotypes: 15% LXPA, 28% HYPA, 8% LYQO, 12% LYPO, 11% LYPA, 22% LYQA and 4% HYPO. MASP-2: 38.78% A/A, 44.56% A/C and 16.67% C/C. CONCLUSION: The prevalence (5.1%) of O/O genotype of MBL2 exon 1 SNPs in our population is in accordance with Brazilian reports, similar to European (4%) and Japanese (5%); lower than Africans (10-14%). There is a correlation between MBL serum levels and genotyping. Moreover, this is the first report of D371Y MASP-2 polymorphism frequency in a Brazilian population. Our data may contribute to new insights on the role of MBL and MASP-2 in clinical conditions
Sallum, Adriana Maluf Elias. "Correlações da expressão de MHC-I e II, C5b-9 e fenotipagem de células inflamatórias em tecido muscular na dermatomiosite juvenil (DMJ)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2005. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5141/tde-02102014-094536/.
Full textThe presence of chronic muscle inflammation, in association with other diseases and seric autoantibodies in JDM patients, suggest the involvement of an autoimmune mechanism in the pathogenesis of this inflammatory myopathy. Thirty seven muscle biopsy specimens from patients with JDM were analyzed in order to assess the expression of MHC-I and II, C5b-9, CD4, CD8, CD20 and CD68 and to correlate with the clinical, laboratorial, histological and therapeutical parameters. These findings were compared to the expression in five dermatomyositis (DM), eight polymyositis (PM) and four dystrophy cases. Immunohistochemical reactions for MHC-I and II and C5b-9 (StreptABCcomplex/HRP), CD4, CD8 (EnVision-AP) and CD20, CD68 (LSAB+) were evaluated. MHC-I expression was positive in 97.2% of the cases, whilst MHC-II was positive in only 21.6% of the cases. C5b-9 expression (positivity of 83.8%) correlated with calcinosis and cardiac involvement. The presence of lymphocytes CD4 (positivity of 81.1%), CD8 (positivity of 86.5%), CD20 (positivity of 62.2%), and CD68 (positivity of 97.2%) correlated with inflammation in muscular histology. The presence of CD4 and CD8 and expression of C5b-9 also correlated with the severity of muscle weakness, and CD4 expression correlated with serum levels of CK and CD20 with LDH. In JDM, the expressions of C5b-9, CD4 and CD8 were statistically more significant when compared to PM and DM, while expressions of MHC-I and II were lower in JDM. All expressions were lower in dystrophy. MHC-I expression, adjuvant to the presence of CD4 and CD8 lymphocytes, corroborates the involvement of the cytotoxic cellular mechanism of muscular lesion in JDM, which correlates to severity. Concomitantly, C5b-9 expression was a predictive factor of systemic involvement and of the need for imunossupressive treatment. The results of this study indicate for the function of MHC-I and II, C5b-9, CD4, CD8, CD20 e CD68 at JDM pathogenesis
Chagas, Kélem de Nardi. ""Avaliação do gene estrutural da proteína de ligação à lectina (MBL) e sua relação com a transmissão materno-fetal do HIV"." Universidade de São Paulo, 2005. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5144/tde-16112005-114946/.
Full textIt was evaluated the mbl2 gene expression in 79 children and their HIV positive mothers with the aim to evaluate its influence on mother-to-child HIV. The patients were divided in two groups: HIV positive children and their mothers (n=18) and HIV negative children and their mothers (n=61) were evaluated by CH50 and AP50 (hemolytic assays); levels and functional MBL and terminal complement cascade (ELISA) and mbl2 gene (PCR). The results didn't show significant difference amons serum levels, functional activities and MBL gene between the groups, excluding the influence in the mother-to child HIV transmission.
Müller, Martin [Verfasser], and Gregor [Akademischer Betreuer] Theilmeier. "The receptor for activated complement factor 5 (C5aR) conveys myocardial ischemic damage by mediating neutrophil transmigration = Der Rezeptor für den aktivierten Komplementfaktor 5 (C5aR) vermittelt ischämische Myokardschäden durch die Beeinflussung der Transmigration von neutrophilen Granulozyten / Martin Müller. Klinik für Anästhesiologie und Intensivmedizin der Medizinischen Hochschule Hannover. Betreuer: Gregor Theilmeier." Hannover : Bibliothek der Medizinischen Hochschule Hannover, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1052064655/34.
Full textPinto, Sheila Serra Vieira. "Estudo complementar da glicose-6-fosfato desidrogenase eritrocitária do marsupial brasileiro Didelphis marsupialis." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5160/tde-15042009-145222/.
Full textIt is known that erythrocyte glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase specific activity of Didelphis marsupialis is about 15-20 times higher than human red cells. In order to investigate whether this hyperactivity is extended or not to other red cell enzymes, it was proposed to ascertain the activity of the glycolytic enzymes as well as other related to the redox metabolism of the opossum erythrocyte. Some biochemical, hematological and immunological data were also assayed as well. That being so, the following red cell enzymes were assayed: hexokinase, glucose phosphate isomerase, phosphofructokinase, aldolase, triose phosphate isomerase, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, phosphoglycerate kinase, diphosphoglycerate mutase, monophosphoglycerate mutase, enolase, pyruvate kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione S-transferase, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate diaphorase, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide metahemoglobin reductase, superoxide dismutase, aspartate amino-transferase, adenylate kinase, adenosine deaminase and acetylcholinesterase . Although most of the enzymatic activities disclosed to be similar to humans, some enzymes exhibited high activities as the hexokinase, pyruvate kinase and glutathione-S-transferase, about three to four times in relation to human. However the glutathione peroxidase presented overwhelming activity, at the order of ten-twelve times the human enzyme, perhaps working together the glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase hyperactivity at the order of ten-fifteen times already described in the marsupial erythrocytes
Ciasca, Eliana Cecília. "Arteterapia e depressão: efeitos da arteterapia como terapia complementar no tratamento da depressão em idosos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5160/tde-06062017-082522/.
Full textMajor Depressive Disorder (MDD) is, among the psychiatric syndromes, that most affect the general population. The prevalence of depression during life is 7 to 12% for men and 20 to 25% for women, regardless of race, education, marital status or income. Among the elderly, the prevalence is approximately 5%. In addition to drug treatment, psychotherapies have an important role during the acute phase and in the remission phase. Art Therapy is a therapeutic approach primarily nonverbal, and has been used in several contexts, but there is a lack of quantitative studies that prove its efficacy. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of Art therapy for a population of elderly women diagnosed with MDD, according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders - Fifth Edition (DSM - 5). A total of 66 elderly women with a diagnosis of MDD were enrolled in the drug treatment, without drug change during the study and intact from the point of view of cognition. These elderly women were randomly allocated into two groups: 33 were the Experimental Group (EG), which consisted of 20 Art therapy workshops lasting 90 minutes, weekly, and 33 participated in the Control Group (CG), which received no intervention. Both groups were evaluated with the same scales at baseline and after 20 weeks. The following scales were used to evaluate cognitive aspects - Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), Clock Drawing Test, Verbal Fluency Test - Animal Category (VF), and Trail A. To evaluate psychiatric aspects, the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), the Beck Depression Scale (BDI) and the Beck Anxiety Scale (BAI) were used. For the Visuoconstructive evaluation, Rey\'s Complex Figure and Delayed Recall was used. And to evaluate quality of life - Functional Assessment Staging Test (FAST). At the end of the study, 31 elderly women completed all EG workshops and 25 elderly women of CG returned to the final evaluations, although all were contacted. The CG decreased in the GDS 0.6 ± 2.3 points, while the EG decreased by 3.2 ± 3.4 points, and this difference between the groups was significant (p = 0.007). On the BDI scale, the CG decreased by 1.6 ± 4.9 points and the EG decreased by 8.6 ± 12.8 points (p = 0.025). On the BAI scale, the CG decreased by 2.9 ± 1.4 points and the EG decreased by 8.9 ± 14.5 points (p = 0.032). No differences were found in the other scales. Thus, there was difference between the Control and Experimental groups after the 20 weeks in the psychiatric depression and anxiety aspects. No changes in cognition were observed. Thus, interventions such as this study seem to aid in the treatment of depressive and anxious symptoms of elderly patients with TDM
Juveniz, João Alexandre Queiroz. "A importância da biópsia de congelação como método complementar à ressecção endoscópica em câncer de bexiga: um estudo prospectivo randomizado." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5153/tde-18012017-153659/.
Full textBackground and Purpose: Despite recent improvements of bladder cancer treatment, recurrence and progression rates are still high, possibly related to residual or overlooked tumors at the first transurethral resection (TUR), which strongly emphasizes the importance of the quality of this method. In order to improve the effectiveness of the procedure, we sought to evaluate the impact of frozen section during TUR, aiming on increasing muscular layer sample in the specimen, which may minimize incomplete resections and understaging. Patients and Methods: We prospectively included 150 consecutive patients assigned to TUR which were randomized to undergo either frozen section biopsy of the tumor bed during the TUR procedure until muscle was obtained or standard resection procedure (no frozen section). Nineteen patients were excluded after randomization, leaving 131 for analysis. All patients underwent a second TUR performed 4-6 weeks later. Frozen sections and final pathology reports were centralized and all performed by pathologists, the doubtful cases were reviewed by one uropathologist. Exclusion criteria: incomplete resection at first TUR, no criteria for second TUR according to EUA Guideline Update 2011 and previous bladder cancer treatment. (Group w/ biopsy, n = 64; Group control, n=67). Results: Both groups were comparable regarding age, gender, size and number of lesions. The majority of patients had high grade tumor in both groups. In the group where frozen section was obtained, muscle-invasive disease was higher (23% x 3%, p < 0,001). All patients in this group had muscle layer represented in the final pathology at the first TUR, while only 60% of patients in the control group (p < 0.001), including 40,5% of patients with pTa, 81,5% with pT1 e 100% with pT2 and Cis. Ninety percent of patients in the biopsy group had no residual tumor compared to 65% of the control group at second TUR (p=0,002). While all 15 patients in the frozen section group with T2 disease were diagnosed at first TUR, only 2 of 6 patients (33%) in the control group were diagnosed initially. The surgery duration was longer in the study group with mean of 50 min x 42 min (p=0,037) and there were no significant differences regarding complications (perforation and transfusion rates). Conclusion: Our results support the prove of principal that standard TUR with frozen section biopsy of bladder tumor bed increase the disease control and improve the diagnosis of T2 tumors, which may lead to reduced the number of patients in need a second TUR and avoid pT2 disease diagnosis delay, with no more complications
Melo, Myllena de Fátima Alheiros Dias. "Quantificação de DNA de Trypanosoma cruzi em soro e potencial uso das 5 UTRs da família gênica de trans-sialidases para a genotipagem do parasito como complemento ao diagnóstico molecular da infecção." reponame:Repositório Institucional da FIOCRUZ, 2015. http://www.arca.fiocruz.br/handle/icict/14864.
Full textFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
Ensaios de PCR para o diagnóstico e monitoramento da carga parasitária em pacientes acometidos pela doença de Chagas são realizados a partir de DNA recuperado de sangue periférico. Uma perspectiva seria a possibilidade do uso de soro para a detecção e quantificação de DNA de T. cruzi, aproveitando amostras coletadas para triagem sorológica em laboratórios de referência e bancos de sangue. Outra limitação é que o diagnóstico molecular com os alvos mais comumente utilizados (kDNA, DNA Satélite) não é capaz de identificar as linhagens do parasito. Tem sido relatada uma baixa sensibilidade para alguns marcadores de genotipagem de T. cruzi quando aplicados diretamente em sangue de pacientes crônicos, uma vez que são cópias únicas ou distribuídos em baixa frequência no genoma do parasito. Estudos baseados em famílias multigênicas, como as proteínas de superfície (trans-sialidases), sugerem que estas sejam capazes de reunir cepas/isolados de T. cruzi em grupos biologicamente distintos, visando sua caracterização. A presença de sítios polimórficos nas regiões não traduzidas (UTRs) dos genes de trans-sialidases (TS), além de representar uma estratégia de sobrevivência do parasito ao estresse ambiental, propicia o uso destas regiões como potenciais marcadores moleculares para tipagem de T. cruzi. Este trabalho avaliou o potencial uso do soro e do segmento 5\2019 UTR de TS de T. cruzi, em ensaios de quantificação de DNA e genotipagem do parasito, respectivamente Neste sentido, empregamos a PCR em Tempo Real (qPCR) multiplex para a detecção/quantificação de T. cruzi em amostras pareadas de soro e sangue de 40 pacientes com a doença crônica. Para avaliar o uso da 5\2019 UTR de TS como marcador molecular de genotipagem, utilizamos um painel de cepas/clones de T. cruzi, representantes das seis DTUs (Unidades Discretas de Tipagem). Após amplificação do segmento contendo parte da 5\2019 UTR e uma porção da região codificante de TS das diferentes cepas/clones, e posterior sequenciamento por método capilar (SANGER), realizamos a análise composicional das sequências. Em seguida, novos iniciadores foram desenhados para os ensaios de COLD-PCR HRM (High Resolution Melting). Os resultados da qPCR revelaram sensibilidade de detecção de 95% e 97% para soro e sangue, respectivamente, e especificidade de 100% para ambos os tipos de amostras. As medianas de carga parasitária em soro e sangue, também não demonstraram diferenças significativas, sendo de 1,12 e 1,23 equivalentes parasito/mL, respectivamente, o que reproduz a baixa parasitemia observada nos pacientes com doença de Chagas crônica. A partir das análises composicionais das sequências de 5\2019 UTR de TS obtidas pelo método capilar, identificamos blocos conservados e sítios polimórficos entre as linhagens, porém não foi possível gerar assinaturas genômicas associadas à caracterização em DTUs. O sequenciamento New Generation Sequencing do segmento 5\2018 UTR de TS permitiu a caracterização das cepas/clones em seis DTUs, como demonstrado na árvore filogenética construída a partir de 4.568.225 sequências Os ensaios de COLD-PCR HRM, direcionados para diferentes seções do segmento 5\2019 UTR de TS, foram eficientes em agrupar cepas/clones em duas variantes, sugerindo uma associação com os ciclos de transmissão, virulência e evolução populacional destes parasitos. Os resultados gerados no presente estudo sugerem o uso de soro para o diagnóstico molecular da infecção pelo T. cruzi em laboratórios de referência, responsáveis pela manutenção de sorotecas, bem como demonstram o potencial discriminatório do alvo 5\2019 UTR de trans-sialidases para ser explorado em ensaios de genotipagem do parasito diretamente de amostras clínicas e biológicas, acoplado ao sequenciamento High Throughput dos produtos amplificados, como ferramenta complementar à pesquisa diagnóstica da doença de Chagas
Abstract: PCR-based assays for molecular diagnosis and to evaluate Trypanosoma cruzi load in patients with Chagas disease are usually performed with DNA recovered from peripheral blood samples. One promising approach would be the use of patients\2019 serum for the detection and quantification of T. cruzi DNA, as it would make possible to take advantage of the same samples collected for serological screening in blood banks and reference laboratories. Another limitation is that molecular diagnosis with the most common molecular targets (kDNA and Satellite DNA) is not suitable for identifying the infecting parasite strain. A low sensitivity of some T. cruzi genotyping markers has been reported, when those are applied directly to blood of chronic patients, since they are represented as a single copy or present low frequencies in the parasite genome. Studies based on multigene families, such as the surface proteins (trans-sialidase), suggested the ability of those genes to cluster strains/isolates of T. cruzi into biologically distinct groups. The presence of polymorphic sites in the untranslated regions (UTRs) of trans-sialidase genes (TS), as well as represents a parasite\2019s survival strategy to environmental stress, it promotes the use of these regions as potential molecular markers for T. cruzi typing. This study evaluated the potential use of serum and the segment 5' UTR of TS, as new approaches for DNA quantification and T. cruzi genotyping, respectively We used multiplex Real-Time PCR (qPCR) for detecting/quantifying parasites in serum and blood paired samples from 40 chronic Chagas disease patients. In order to investigate the potential use of 5' UTR of TS sequences as molecular markers for genotyping, we used a panel of T. cruzi strains/clones, representative of the six DTUs (Discrete Typing Units). Following amplification of the segment containing part of the 5' UTR and a portion of the TS coding region from different strains/clones and sequencing by capillary method (Sanger), we carried out the compositional analysis of the sequences. New primers were designed for the HRM COLD-PCR tests (High Resolution Melting). The qPCR results showed detection sensitivities of 95% and 97% for serum and blood, respectively, and a specificity of 100% for both sample types. The median of parasite load in blood and serum also showed no significant differences, with 1.12 and 1.23 parasite equivalents/mL respectively, which reproduces the low parasitemia observed in chronic Chagas disease patients. From the compositional analysis of the 5\2019 UTR of TS sequences obtained by capillary method, we identified conserved blocks and polymorphic sites, but no genomic signatures associated to the characterization into distinct DTUs were observed. New Generation Sequencing of the segment 5' UTR of TS allowed the characterization of strains/clones in six DTUs, as shown by the phylogenetic tree generated by the analysis of 4.568.225 sequences HRM COLD-PCR assays targeted to different sections of the segment 5' UTR of TS were effective for clustering the strains/clones in two variants, suggesting an association with the transmission cycles, virulence and evolution of these parasite populations. The set of evidences gathered in this study, reinforces the potential use of serum for molecular diagnosis of T. cruzi infection, in reference laboratories responsible for maintaining serum bank, as well as, indicates a discriminatory potential of 5\2019 UTR of TS, regarding the six DTUs, to be explored in genotyping assays directly from clinical and biological samples, associated to High Throughput sequencing of amplicons, as a complementary tool for diagnostic researches in Chagas disease
Lucchetti, Alessandra Lamas Granero. "Descrição da terapia complementar religiosa em centros espíritas da cidade de São Paulo com ênfase na abordagem sobre problemas de saúde mental." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5142/tde-24022014-162505/.
Full textObjectives: To describe the characteristics of the complementary religious treatment conducted by Spiritist centers in the city of São Paulo, to understand how mental health problems are addressed and how they differentiate persons with spiritual experiences from those with mental health diseases. Methods: In the first study, all Spiritist centers from the city of São Paulo which have their address available through internet were selected. Registered letters were sent containing a consent term and a standard questionnaire. The questionnaire included socio-demographic data, Spirit center structure, number of patients, recommended treatments, how the treatment is carried out, most common diseases, types of treatments provided by psychiatric disorders and how to differentiate spiritual experiences and mental health diseases. In the second study, the characteristics of the complementary spiritual treatment for depression conducted by one important Spiritist center in São Paulo, Brazil was described. Results: From 365 Spiritist centers which received the registered letter, 55 (15.1%) were included in the final analysis. They have a mean age of 41.1 years (SD: 20.7). There were in average 261 persons/week attending to spiritual sessions in each center, totalizing approximately 15000 attendees per week in all 55 centers. The most common treatment performed in these centers was disobsession (Spirit release therapy) (92.7%); however the less common was the \'spiritual surgery\' , present in only 5.5% and none with cuts. When questioned if every psychiatric disorder is impaired mediumship or obsession, 58.2% said \"yes\". The most cited health problems reported were depression (45.1%), cancer (43.1%) and diseases in general (33.3%). Concerning the differentiation between spiritual experiences and mental health disorders, there was a mean of 12.4 (SD: 3.4) of 18 correct answers. From all centers, 4 (8.3%) answered correct all questions. Conclusion: The Spiritist centers are responsible for treating a great number of persons a week and the most common problems addressed in these centers were related to health, relationship and social problems. Among mental health problems, the most common conditions were depression and cancer. While evaluating the differences between spiritual experiences and mental health problems, the minority of Spiritist centers\' responsible could make a complete differentiation between both aspects