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Journal articles on the topic 'Complementary split ring resonators (CSRRs)'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Furqan, Furqan, Said Attamimi, Andi Adriansyah, and Mudrik Alaydrus. "Bandpass filter based on complementary split ring resonators at X-band." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 13, no. 1 (2019): 243. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v13.i1.pp243-248.

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Complementary Split Ring Resonators were used integrated in a substrate integrated waveguide to generate passband charateristics in X-Band. Based on a parameter study with an electromagnetic commercial software, the characteristics of double and quadruple CSRRs according the reflection and transmission factor were observed. The computer simulation showed, the bandpass filter worked in the frequency range 8.12-8.63 GHz and 8.11-8.63 GHz for double and quadruple CSRR, respectively. The insertion loss was 0.12 dB and 0.015 dB. The measurement mit a vector network analyzer verified the simulation results. The frequeny range measured was 8.12-8.67 GHz and 8.12-8.61 GHz for double and quadruple CSRRs, respectively. The measured insertion loss was 0.25 dB and 0.2 dB.

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2

Rajni, Rajni, Gursharan Kaur, and Anupma Marwaha. "Metamaterial Inspired Patch Antenna for ISM Band by Adding Single-Layer Complementary Split Ring Resonators." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 5, no. 6 (2015): 1328. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v5i6.pp1328-1335.

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In this work, we propose the design of metamaterial inspired compact circular patch antennas loaded with complementary split-ring resonators (CSRRs) for ISM band operation. CSRRs have been incorporated horizontally inside the dielectric. The various models of CSRR loaded antennas with different patch radius are produced and are evaluated numerically with Ansoft HFSS software. The results of the suggested antenna designs are presented that reveal a comparable impedance match and radiation characteristics with those of a normal patch antenna without CSRR. The proposed antennas yield high levels of miniaturization and similar performance to the conventional patch antenna at the 2.45GHz.

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3

Chen, Lei, Qin Kun Xiao, and Yan Ni Gan. "A Balanced Dual-Band BPF Based on C-CSRR with Improved Passband Selectivity." Frequenz 73, no. 5-6 (2019): 203–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/freq-2018-0239.

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Abstract A balanced dual-band bandpass filter (BPF) is proposed by embedding two nested coupled complementary split-ring resonators (C-CSRRs) into a H-type balanced stepped-impedance slotline resonator in this paper. C-CSRR is composed of a complementary split-ring resonator (CSRR) with a pair of coupling slotlines in the open end, which can generate a bandpass response. In order to improve the passband selectivity further, source-load-coupled structure is employed. Moreover, it can be found that the proposed BPF has a wideband common-mode (CM) suppression, which is independent from the differential-mode (DM) passbands. Therefore, the design procedure can be significantly simplified. In order to validate its practicalbility, one balanced dual-band BPF is fabricated. The predicted results on S parameters are compared with the measured ones and a good agreement is found.

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4

Hamidkhani, Mehdi, Rasool Sadeghi, and Mohamadreza Karimi. "Dual-Band High Q-Factor Complementary Split-Ring Resonators Using Substrate Integrated Waveguide Method and Their Applications." Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering 2019 (September 9, 2019): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/6287970.

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In modern microwave telecommunication systems, especially in low phase noise oscillators, there is a need for resonators with low insertion losses and high Q-factor. More specifically, it is of high interest to design resonators with high group delay. In this paper, three novel dual-band complementary split-ring resonators (CSRRs) featuring high group delay etched on the waveguide surface by using substrate integrated waveguides are investigated and proposed. They are designed for a frequency range of 4.5–5.5 GHz. Group delay rates for the first, second, and third resonators were approximated as much as 23 ns, 293 ns, and 90 ns, respectively. We also proposed a new practical method to develop a wide tuning range SIW CSRR cavity resonator with a small tuning voltage in the second resonator, which leads to about 19% and 1% of tuning frequency band in the first and second bands, respectively. Finally, some of their applications in the design of filter, diplexer, and low phase noise oscillator will be investigated.

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5

Pal, Debasish, Rahul Singhal, Abhishek Joshi, and Ayan Kumar Bandyopadhyay. "Multiband planar antenna with CSRR loaded ground plane for WLAN and fixed satellite service applications." Frequenz 74, no. 11-12 (2020): 393–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/freq-2020-0012.

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AbstractIn this paper, a novel approach to achieve multiband antenna operation using metamaterial based resonant structures is presented. Multiband antenna operation is achieved by employment of complementary split ring resonators (CSRR) printed in the ground plane. The CSRRs resonate at different frequencies according to their optimized dimensions. Proposed approach features simple design and fabrication possibility compared to other methods of achieving multiband antenna operation such as usage of composite right/left-handed (CRLH) transmission line or split ring resonators (SRR) or CSRR around the patch surface. The proposed method is demonstrated through simulation and experimental measurements using three CSRRs with different resonant frequencies together with a tuning CSRR and a radiating patch. Contribution of different CSRRs to obtain multiple resonances have been shown by surface current plots. Measured antenna gain of 2.78, 1.27 and 3.45 dB has been obtained at frequencies of 5.25, 6.28 and 7.29 GHz respectively. The measurements done on developed antenna exhibits close agreement with the simulation results. In context with the current communication application trends involving multiple operating bands like 5G, this approach may have immense application potential since the same can be adopted to achieve compact multiband antennae operation in other frequency bands of interest.

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6

Bage, Amit, and Sushrut Das. "Compact Triple-Band Waveguide Bandpass Filter Using Concentric Multiple Complementary Split Ring Resonators." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 26, no. 06 (2017): 1750096. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126617500967.

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This paper presents a compact tri-band waveguide bandpass filter using concentric multiple complementary split ring resonators (CSRRs). Two symmetrical concentric multiple CSRRs are placed on the transverse plane of a standard WR-90 rectangular waveguide at 8.41[Formula: see text]mm distance to achieve dual-pole, tri-band response. The proposed filter has been simulated using Ansoft High Frequency Simulation Software (version 14). Based on the simulated result the filter has been fabricated and tested. The measured result shows a dual-pole, tri-band, bandpass response with passbands at 8.04–8.2675[Formula: see text]GHz, 9.45–9.84925[Formula: see text]GHz and 11.35–12.005[Formula: see text]GHz, which is in good agreement with the simulated responses. The total length of the filter is 10[Formula: see text]mm, which makes it compact and light weight. An approximate equivalent circuit of the filter also has been provided.

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7

Ait Ahmed, B., A. Naghar, O. Aghzout, A. Vazquez Alejos, and F. Falcone. "A Compact Wide Bandpass Filter for Satellite Communications with Improved Out-of-Band Rejection." Advanced Electromagnetics 9, no. 1 (2020): 59–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.7716/aem.v9i1.1323.

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This paper presents a compact C-band bandpass filter with improved out-of-band rejection. It consists of a symmetric three-pole parallel coupled line microstrip loaded with complementary split ring resonators (CSRRs) and slot resonators. Enhancements regarding the filter responses are obtained by etching these two parasitic shapes successively. When, CSRRs are introduced in the ground plane, exactly in the back of the transmission line of 50 -Ohms , improvements on the filter selectivity level are achieved. Whereas, the slot resonator elements are implemented on the feed line to permit the suppression of the second harmonics. To reduce the second harmonics of 11:1-13GHz, the parasitic elements are both combined, widen the filter rejection of 5:81%. The surface current distribution together with the equivalent circuit are also studied in order to demonstrate the slots and the CSRRs effect parameters on the behavior of the proposed filter. A prototype of the optimal filter is fabricated and measured.Theory and experiment results prove the validity of the new design procedure.

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8

Zhang, J., B. Cui, J. Z. Gu, and X. W. Sun. "A Harmonic Suppressed Wilkinson Power Divider using Complementary Split Ring Resonators (csrrs)." Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications 21, no. 6 (2007): 811–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156939307780749165.

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9

Baba, Murtala Aminu, Mohamad Kamal A. Rahim, Farid Zubir, et al. "A compact triband microstrip antenna utilizing hexagonal CSRR for wireless communication systems." Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 9, no. 5 (2020): 1916–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/eei.v9i5.2191.

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In this paper, a compact triband printed antenna with hexagonal complementary split-ring resonators (CSRRs) for 4G applications is proposed. The proposed multiband antenna is comprised of a rectangular patch antenna on the top plane, while on the ground plane, hexagonal CSRRs are etched for size miniaturization (at the lower bands) and multiband generation. Another effect of the CSRR is the shifting of the initial resonance of the patch antenna from 5.17 GHz to the higher band of 6.18 GHz. The triband of 180 MHz 2.4~2.59, 150 MHz 2.79~2.94 and 420 MHz 6.04~6.46 GHz bands acquired can cover WLAN/Wi-Fi and WiMAX operating bands adequately. This can be achieved by choosing the optimal size and position of the CSRR on the ground plane carefully. The design occupies a total size of 45 x 45 mm2 using the low-cost FR-4 substrate. Good agreements are obtained between the measured results and the simulated, which are discussed and presented.

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10

Kazemi, Nazli, Kalvin Schofield, and Petr Musilek. "A High-Resolution Reflective Microwave Planar Sensor for Sensing of Vanadium Electrolyte." Sensors 21, no. 11 (2021): 3759. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21113759.

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Microwave planar sensors employ conventional passive complementary split ring resonators (CSRR) as their sensitive region. In this work, a novel planar reflective sensor is introduced that deploys CSRRs as the front-end sensing element at fres=6 GHz with an extra loss-compensating negative resistance that restores the dissipated power in the sensor that is used in dielectric material characterization. It is shown that the S11 notch of −15 dB can be improved down to −40 dB without loss of sensitivity. An application of this design is shown in discriminating different states of vanadium redox solutions with highly lossy conditions of fully charged V5+ and fully discharged V4+ electrolytes.

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11

Ortiz, Noelia, Francisco Falcone, and Mario Sorolla. "Gain Improvement of Dual Band Antenna Based on Complementary Rectangular Split-Ring Resonator." ISRN Communications and Networking 2012 (March 20, 2012): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2012/951290.

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A simple and successful dual band patch linear polarized rectangular antenna design is presented. The dual band antenna is designed etching a complementary rectangular split-ring resonator in the patch of a conventional rectangular patch antenna. Furthermore, a parametric study shows the influence of the location of the CSRR particle on the radiation characteristics of the dual band antenna. Going further, a miniaturization of the conventional rectangular patch antenna and an enhancement of the complementary split-ring resonator resonance gain versus the location of the CSRR on the patch are achieved. The dual band antenna design has been made feasible due to the quasistatic resonance property of the complementary split-ring resonators. The simulated results are compared with measured data and good agreement is reported.

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12

Zhang, Qiao-Li, Wen-Yan Yin, Sailing He, and Lin-Sheng Wu. "Compact Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW) Bandpass Filter With Complementary Split-Ring Resonators (CSRRs)." IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters 20, no. 8 (2010): 426–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lmwc.2010.2049258.

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13

Islam, M. M., M. R. I. Faruque, and M. T. Islam. "A Compact 5.5 GHz Band-Rejected UWB Antenna Using Complementary Split Ring Resonators." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/528489.

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A band-removal property employing microwave frequencies using complementary split ring resonators (CSRRs) is applied to design a compact UWB antenna wishing for the rejection of some frequency band, which is meanwhile exercised by the existing wireless applications. The reported antenna comprises optimization of a circular radiating patch, in which slotted complementary SRRs are implanted. It is printed on low dielectric FR4 substrate material fed by a partial ground plane and a microstrip line. Validated results exhibit that the reported antenna shows a wide bandwidth covering from 3.45 to more than 12 GHz, with a compact dimension of 22 × 26 mm2, and VSWR < 2, observing band elimination of 5.5 GHz WLAN band.

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14

Li, Weiping, Zongxi Tang, and Xin Cao. "Design of a SIW Bandpass Filter Using Defected Ground Structure with CSRRs." Active and Passive Electronic Components 2017 (2017): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/1606341.

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In this paper, a substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) bandpass filter using defected ground structure (DGS) with complementary split ring resonators (CSRRs) is proposed. By using the unique resonant properties of CSRRs and DGSs, two passbands with a transmission zero in the middle have been achieved. The resonant modes of the two passbands are different and the bandwidth of the second passband is much wider than that of the first one. In order to increase out-of-band rejection, a pair of dumbbell DGSs has been added on each side of the CSRRs. The structure is analyzed using equivalent circuit models and simulated based on EM simulation software. For validation, the proposed filter is fabricated and measured. The measurement results are in good agreement with the simulated ones.

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15

Selga, Jordi, Ana Rodríguez, Marco Orellana, Vicente Boria, and Ferran Martín. "Automated synthesis of transmission lines loaded with complementary split ring resonators (CSRRs) and open complementary split ring resonators (OCSRRs) through aggressive space mapping (ASM)." Applied Physics A 117, no. 2 (2014): 557–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00339-014-8703-x.

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16

Yeo, Junho, and Jong-Ig Lee. "Design of a High-Sensitivity Microstrip Patch Sensor Antenna Loaded with a Defected Ground Structure Based on a Complementary Split Ring Resonator." Sensors 20, no. 24 (2020): 7064. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20247064.

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A comparative study to determine the most highly sensitive resonant frequency among the first four resonant frequencies of a conventional patch antenna and defected ground structure (DGS)-loaded patch antennas using commonly used DGS geometries in the literature, such as a rectangular slit, single-ring complementary split ring resonators (CSRRs) with different split positions, and double-ring CSRRs (DR-CSRRs) with different locations below the patch, for relative permittivity measurement of planar materials was conducted. The sensitivity performance for placing the DGS on two different locations, a center and a radiating edge of the patch, was also compared. Finally, the effect of scaling down the patch size of the DGS-loaded patch antenna was investigated in order to enhance the sensitivities of the higher order resonant frequencies. It was found that the second resonant frequency of the DR-CSRR DGS-loaded patch antenna aligned on a radiating edge with a half scaled-down patch size shows the highest sensitivity when varying the relative permittivity of the material under test from 1 to 10. In order to validate the simulated performance of the proposed antenna, the conventional and the proposed patch antennas were fabricated on 0.76-mm-thick RF-35 substrate, and they were used to measure their sensitivity when several standard dielectric substrate samples with dielectric constants ranging from 2.17 to 10.2 were loaded. The measured sensitivity of the second resonant frequency for the proposed DGS-loaded patch antenna was 4.91 to 7.72 times higher than the first resonant frequency of the conventional patch antenna, and the measured performance is also slightly better compared to the patch antenna loaded with a meander-line slot on the patch.

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17

Keshvari, Mohammad, and Majid Tayarani. "A NOVEL MINIATURIZED BANDPASS FILTER BASED ON COMPLEMENTARY SPLIT RING RESONATORS (CSRRs) AND OPEN-LOOP RESONATORS." Progress In Electromagnetics Research Letters 23 (2011): 165–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2528/pierl11033001.

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18

Song, Jing-Pan, Xin-Yi Wang, Feng Wei, and Xiao-Wei Shi. "Electronically Reconfigurable Varactor-Loaded HMSIW Bandpass Filter." Frequenz 72, no. 5-6 (2018): 227–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/freq-2016-0345.

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AbstractA varactor-loaded half-mode substrate integrated waveguide (HMSIW) reconfigurable bandpass filter (BPF) is proposed in this paper. The proposed BPF is composed of complementary split-ring resonators (CSRRs) and varactors. Meanwhile, a nonmetalized via is employed in the center of the CSRR. It is noted that the varactor is embedded into the nonmetalized via, which can significantly reduce the tunable filter size. By changing the reverse bias voltage of the varactor, the resonant frequency of the proposed filter can be adjusted. Moreover, low insert loss (IL) and wide tuning range can be achieved. In order to validate its practicability, a BPF with the frequency ranging from 1.9 GHz to 2.5 GHz is fabricated and good agreement between the simulated and measured results is observed.

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19

Najafy, Vahid, and Mohammad Bemani. "Mutual-coupling reduction in triple-band MIMO antennas for WLAN using CSRRs." International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies 12, no. 8 (2020): 762–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1759078720000215.

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AbstractFor the requirements of low mutual-coupling MIMO antennas for WLAN, a new complementary split-ring resonator (CSRR) unit cell is introduced in this paper. A microstrip-fed Vivaldi antenna array is designed for WLAN applications, where compact triple-band gap-complementary split-ring resonator unit cells are loaded between two antennas to examine the effect of unit cells on the rate of mutual-coupling reduction. By inserting the CSRR, the final design offered an improvement in decoupling by 8.5, 10.5, and 18 dB at 3.65, 4.9, and 5.8 GHz, respectively, compared with the reference antenna. By suppressing surface waves, antenna gain and front-to-back ratio are improved.

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20

Zhang, Tong, Jiameng Zhang, Jianchun Xu, et al. "Wideband metasurface filter based on complementary split-ring resonators." Modern Physics Letters B 31, no. 23 (2017): 1750222. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984917502220.

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A wideband metasurface filter based on complementary split-ring resonators (CSRR) has been prepared. The frequency and transmission bandwidth of the metasurface filters with different split widths are discussed. After analyzing the mechanism of the metasurface, the proposed metasurface filters are fabricated. The electromagnetic properties of the metasurface are measured by a designed test system. The measured results are in good agreement with the simulated ones, which shows that the metasurface filter has a wideband property. As the split width of the CSRR increases, the frequency of the passband shifts to higher frequency regions and the transmission bandwidth decreases.

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21

Bonache, J., I. Gil, J. García-García, and F. Martín. "Complementary split rings resonators (CSRRs): Towards the miniaturization of microwave device design." Journal of Computational Electronics 5, no. 2-3 (2006): 193–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10825-006-8843-0.

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22

Feng, Caixia, Yongqiang Kang, Lijuan Dong, and Lihong Wang. "High-Gain SIR Dual-Band Antenna Based on CSRR-Enhanced SIW for 2.4/5.2/5.8 GHz WLAN." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2020 (July 29, 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8725192.

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This paper presents a dual-band step impedance resonator (SIR) antenna based on metamaterial-inspired periodic structure of coupled complementary split-ring resonators substrate-integrated waveguide (CSRR-SIW). The antenna supports wireless local area networks (WLAN) bands at 2.4/5.2/5.8 GHz. The CSRRs and two branches of the SIR element are etched on the top and bottom metal surfaces of the substrate. The SIR element produces a fundamental frequency f1 at 2.4 GHz and a second harmonic frequency fs2 at 5.7 GHz. Meanwhile, the CSRRs produces a resonant frequency at high-frequency band around 5.2 GHz, which can be combined with the second harmonic frequency fs2 at 5.7 GHz. The high-frequency bandwidth can then be broadened. The simulated and measured results show that the dual operation bands with bandwidths of 16% from 2.25 GHz to 2.64 GHz and 18.2% from 5 GHz to 6 GHz for |S11| < −10 dB are achieved. Meanwhile, the proposed antenna has peak gains ranging from 6.5 dBi to 7 dBi and from 7 dBi to 7.7 dBi in the lower and upper bands, respectively. Compared with many previously reported dual-band antenna designs, the proposed antenna achieves comparable bandwidth performance and larger gain per unit area with a relatively smaller size. Moreover, the simple structure renders the proposed antenna has the advantage of easy-processable and cost-effective implementation.

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23

Zhang, Jian, Bin Cui, Shuiyang Lin, and Xiao-Wei Sun. "SHARP-REJECTION LOW-PASS FILTER WITH CONTROLLABLE TRANSMISSION ZERO USING COMPLEMENTARY SPLIT RING RESONATORS (CSRRS)." Progress In Electromagnetics Research 69 (2007): 219–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2528/pier06122103.

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24

Zhang, Xiao-Chuan, Zhi-Yuan Yu, and Jun Xu. "NOVEL BAND-PASS SUBSTRATE INTEGRATED WAVEGUIDE (SIW) FILTER BASED ON COMPLEMENTARY SPLIT RING RESONATORS (CSRRS)." Progress In Electromagnetics Research 72 (2007): 39–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2528/pier07030201.

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25

Naqui, Jordi, Lijuan Su, Javier Mata, and Ferran Martín. "Recent Advances in the Modeling of Transmission Lines Loaded with Split Ring Resonators." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2015 (2015): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/792750.

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This paper reviews the recent advances in the modeling of transmission lines loaded with split ring resonators (SRRs). It is well known that these artificial lines can exhibit a negative effective permeability in a narrow band above the SRR fundamental resonance, providing stopband functionality. By introducing shunt inductive elements to the line, the stopband can be switched to a pass band with left-handed (LH) wave propagation. For the design of microwave circuits based on these artificial lines, accurate circuit models are necessary. The former circuit model of SRR-loaded lines was presented more than one decade ago and is valid under restrictive conditions. This paper presents the progress achieved in the modeling of these artificial lines during the last years. The analysis, restricted to coplanar waveguide (CPW) transmission lines loaded only with SRRs (negative permeability transmission lines), includes the effects of SRR orientation, the coupling between adjacent resonators, and the coupling between the two SRRs constituting the unit cell. The proposed circuit models are validated through electromagnetic simulation and experimental data. It is also pointed out that the analysis can be easily extended to negative permittivity transmission lines based on complementary split ring resonators (CSRRs).

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26

Ahmed, Sadiq, and Madhukar Chandra. "Design of a dual linear polarization antenna using split ring resonators at X-band." Advances in Radio Science 15 (November 6, 2017): 259–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ars-15-259-2017.

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Abstract. Dual linear polarization microstrip antenna configurations are very suitable for high-performance satellites, wireless communication and radar applications. This paper presents a new method to improve the co-cross polarization discrimination (XPD) for dual linear polarized microstrip antennas at 10 GHz. For this, three various configurations of a dual linear polarization antenna utilizing metamaterial unit cells are shown. In the first layout, the microstrip patch antenna is loaded with two pairs of spiral ring resonators, in the second model, a split ring resonator is placed between two microstrip feed lines, and in the third design, a complementary split ring resonators are etched in the ground plane. This work has two primary goals: the first is related to the addition of metamaterial unit cells to the antenna structure which permits compensation for an asymmetric current distribution flow on the microstrip antenna and thus yields a symmetrical current distribution on it. This compensation leads to an important enhancement in the XPD in comparison to a conventional dual linear polarized microstrip patch antenna. The simulation reveals an improvement of 7.9, 8.8, and 4 dB in the E and H planes for the three designs, respectively, in the XPD as compared to the conventional dual linear polarized patch antenna. The second objective of this paper is to present the characteristics and performances of the designs of the spiral ring resonator (S-RR), split ring resonator (SRR), and complementary split ring resonator (CSRR) metamaterial unit cells. The simulations are evaluated using the commercial full-wave simulator, Ansoft High-Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS).

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27

Aminu-Baba, Murtala, Mohammad Kamal A. Rahim, Farid Zubir, et al. "Compact Patch MIMO Antenna With Low Mutual Coupling For WLAN Applications." ELEKTRIKA- Journal of Electrical Engineering 18, no. 1 (2019): 43–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/elektrika.v18n1.146.

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A compact triband microstrip patch MIMO antenna is proposed for WLAN applications. The antenna consists of two patches antenna elements, which are orthogonally placed to each other for high isolation at 2.4, 2.8 and 5.8 GHz frequency bands. On its ground plane, a Complementary Split Ring Resonators (CSRRs) is etched for size reduction and multiband generation. The proposed compact MIMO antenna covers an entire size of 58 x 45 x 1.6 mm3, with the patch size of 13.3 x 17.1 mm2. A 79% size reduction at 2.45 GHz was achieved for miniaturization, with a very low mutual coupling (S21 and S12) of -32 dB at all bands.

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28

Kumar, Amit, Abdul Quaiyum Ansari, Binod Kumar Kanaujia, and Jugul Kishor. "High Isolation Compact Four-Port MIMO Antenna Loaded with CSRR for Multiband Applications." Frequenz 72, no. 9-10 (2018): 415–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/freq-2017-0276.

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Abstract In this paper, a compact 4×4 multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) patch antenna has been presented for triple band operation. Out of the 4 antennas, two are tuned to cover DCS (Digital Cellular System) downlink and two are tuned to cover DCS uplink frequency separately along with two common operating frequency centered around 2.45 GHz and 875 MHz. Four complementary split-ring resonators (CSRRs) have been etched in the ground plane exactly below the four patch antennas for attaining compactness from 0.36λ02 to 0.13λ02. In addition to this, by optimizing CSRRs outer radius, one lower common band operation of around 875 MHz (0.031λ02) has been obtained. Two, square split-ring resonators (SRRs) are placed between patch antennas to increase isolation by almost 7 dB around DCS band. The proposed MIMO antenna has been fabricated on an FR4 substrate (60×60×0.8) mm3 with dielectric constant, εr=4.3 having an antenna area of 0.13λ02. The Proposed MIMO antenna has two common operating bands, 850–900 MHz, 2410–2466 MHz and one individual band from 1725–1770 MHz for one group of two antennas of dimensions 17×22 mm2 and another individual band from 1800–1845 MHz for another group of two antennas of dimensions 17×23 mm2, where reflection coefficient is less than −10 dB with a minimum isolation of 17 dB. Diversity performance of the proposed MIMO antenna has been verified experimentally on all three bands. However, there is a slight deviation in the DCS operating band due to two different groups of antennas.

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29

Jiang, W., W. Shen, L. Zhou, and W. Y. Yin. "Miniaturized and high-selectivity substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) bandpass filter loaded by complementary split-ring resonators (CSRRs)." Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications 26, no. 11-12 (2012): 1448–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09205071.2012.702203.

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30

Su, Lijuan, Jordi Naqui, Javier Mata-Contreras, and Ferran Martin. "Modeling and Applications of Metamaterial Transmission Lines Loaded With Pairs of Coupled Complementary Split-Ring Resonators (CSRRs)." IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters 15 (2016): 154–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lawp.2015.2435656.

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31

Nguyen Thi Quynh, Hoa, Sy Tuan Tran, Huu Lam Phan, and Duy Tung Phan. "DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF COMPACT METAMATERIAL MIMO ANTENNA FOR WLAN APPLICATIONS." Vietnam Journal of Science and Technology 57, no. 2 (2019): 223. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/2525-2518/57/2/12992.

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A compact three-port metamaterial multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) antenna using complementary split-ring resonator (CSRR) loaded ground have demonstrated in order to miniaturize the size and improve the antenna performance. The antenna is designed on FR4 material and simulated by HFSS software. By loading CSRRs in the ground plane, the size reduction of 77% of the individual patch antenna element is achieved, which appeared to be the major reason for the obtained the compact MIMO antenna. Furthermore, the simulated results show that the proposed MIMO antenna achieves the total gain higher than 5 dB, the isolation less than -11 dB, the envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) value lower than 0.015, and the bandwidth of 100 MHz through the whole WLAN band from 2.4 GHz to 2.484 GHz, indicating promises for WLAN applications.

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Park, W. Y., and S. Lim. "Bandwidth Tunable and Compact Band-Pass Filter (BPF) Using Complementary Split Ring Resonators (CSRRS) on Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW)." Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications 24, no. 17-18 (2010): 2407–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156939310793675727.

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Paredes, Ferran, Cristian Herrojo, and Ferran Martín. "3D-Printed Quasi-Absolute Electromagnetic Encoders for Chipless-RFID and Motion Control Applications." Electronics 10, no. 10 (2021): 1154. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10101154.

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This paper presents electromagnetic encoders useful for chipless-RFID and motion control applications. The encoders consist in a pair of linear chains of rectangular apertures implemented by means of 3D printing. One of these chains is periodic and acts as a clock, whereas the other chain contains an identification (ID) code. With these two aperture chains, the ID code can be synchronously read, so that the relative velocity between the tag and the reader is irrelevant. Additionally, it is shown in the paper that by properly designing the reader, it is possible to determine the motion direction. The sensitive part of the reader is a microstrip line loaded with three complementary split ring resonators (CSRRs) etched in the ground plane and fed by three harmonic signals. By encoder motion, the characteristics of the local medium surrounding the CSRRs are modified, and the harmonic signals are amplitude modulated (AM) at the output port of the line, thereby providing the clock signal (which gives the encoder velocity), the ID code (providing also the quasi-absolute position) and the direction of motion. A fabricated prototype encoder is characterized by reading it with a dedicated reader.

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Vélez, A., G. Sisó, A. Campo, M. Durán-Sindreu, J. Bonache, and F. Martín. "Dual-band microwave duplexer based on spiral resonators (SR) and complementary split ring resonators (CSRR)." Applied Physics A 103, no. 3 (2011): 911–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00339-011-6253-z.

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Gangwar, AK, and MS Alam. "Folded monopole antenna with CSRRS for tri-band applications." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.5 (2018): 514. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.5.21146.

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In this paper, a miniaturize folded monopole antenna with complementary split ring resonator (CSRR) is proposed for tri-band applications. In the design procedure of the antenna, first a single band monopole antenna is designed for 2.88 GHz. For design a single band to dual band, the both arms of the radiating element (i.e. Monopole) is folded then it is resonated at 2.68GHz and 5.15GHz resonance frequencies, the resonance of the lower frequency is based on length of the monopole and higher order resonance is excited due to its folding effect. In order to extend its resonances for tri-band operation, the two identical size CSRRs (one on the left and another on the right from the feed line) are placed on the ground plane of the edge of the folded monopole, thus the entire structure is resonated at 2.47 GHz, 3.46GHz and 4.36 GHz frequencies. A simplified equivalent circuit model is developed for understanding its electrical behavior. Therefore, the proposed antenna has been suitable for WLAN, WiMAX and C-band applica- tions.

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Li, C., and Fang Li. "Characterization and modelling of a microstrip line loaded with complementary split-ring resonators (CSRRs) and its application to highpass filters." Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 40, no. 12 (2007): 3780–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/40/12/033.

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Su, Lijuan, Javier Mata-Contreras, Paris Velez, and Ferran Martin. "Splitter/Combiner Microstrip Sections Loaded With Pairs of Complementary Split Ring Resonators (CSRRs): Modeling and Optimization for Differential Sensing Applications." IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques 64, no. 12 (2016): 4362–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmtt.2016.2623311.

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Becharef, Kada, Keltouma Nouri, Habib Kandouci, Boubakar Seddik Bouazza, Mehdi Damou, and Tayeb Habib Chawki Bouazza. "Design and Simulation of a Broadband Bandpass Filter Based on Complementary Split Ring Resonator Circular “CSRRs”." Wireless Personal Communications 111, no. 3 (2019): 1341–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11277-019-06918-6.

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Patron, Damiano, Yuqiao Liu, and Kapil R. Dandekar. "A Miniaturized Reconfigurable CRLH Leaky-Wave Antenna Using Complementary Split-Ring Resonators." Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering 2018 (2018): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/6839028.

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Composite Right-/Left-Handed (CRLH) Leaky-Wave Antennas (LWAs) are a class of radiating elements characterized by an electronically steerable radiation pattern. The design is comprised of a cascade of CRLH unit cells populated with varactor diodes. By varying the voltage across the varactor diodes, the antenna can steer its directional beam from broadside to backward and forward end-fire directions. In this paper, we discuss the design and experimental analysis of a miniaturized CRLH Leaky-Wave Antenna for the 2.4 GHz WiFi band. The miniaturization is achieved by etching Complementary Split-Ring Resonator (CSRR) underneath each CRLH unit cell. As opposed to the conventional LWA designs, we take advantage of a LWA layout that does not require thin interdigital capacitors; thus we significantly reduce the PCB manufacturing constraints required to achieve size reduction. The experimental results were compared with a nonminiaturized prototype in order to evaluate the differences in impedance and radiation characteristics. The proposed antenna is a significant achievement because it will enable CRLH LWAs to be a viable technology not only for wireless access points, but also potentially for mobile devices.

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Huang and Yuan. "A Compact Wideband SIW Bandpass Filter with Wide Stopband and High Selectivity." Electronics 8, no. 4 (2019): 440. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics8040440.

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A novel method to design a wideband substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) bandpass filter (BPF) with compact size, wide stopband and high selectivity is presented. In this method some unique electromagnetic band-gap (EBG) cells are periodically etched on the top layer of SIW to realize a wide passband propagating below the equivalent waveguide cutoff frequency. By changing the configuration of EBG cells, undesired harmonics in upper stopband can be suppressed and a wideband BPF with wide stopband can be obtained. By symmetrically loading two complementary split ring resonators (CSRRs) on the tapered gradient lines of the input/output ports, a transmission zero near the passband can be introduced, and it makes the frequency selectivity of upper sideband improve significantly. As a verification, a wideband SIW BPF with a 3.02 GHz absolute bandwidth (ABW) and a 64.7% fractional bandwidth (FBW) centered at 4.67 GHz is designed, simulated, manufactured, and measured. The results of the experiment and simulation are in good agreement.

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Gil, Marta, Jordi Bonache, Jordi Selga, Joan Garcia-Garcia, and Ferran Martin. "High-pass Filters Implemented by Composite Right/Left Handed (CRLH) Transmission Lines Based on Complementary Split Rings Resonators (CSRRs)." PIERS Online 3, no. 3 (2007): 251–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2529/piers060802072849.

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Bahrami, Hadi, Mohammad Hakkak, and Abbas Pirhadi. "ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF HIGHLY COMPACT BANDPASS WAVEGUIDE FILTER USING COMPLEMENTARY SPLIT RING RESONATORS(CSRR)." Progress In Electromagnetics Research 80 (2008): 107–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2528/pier07111203.

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AbuHussain, Mahmoud, and Ugur C. Hasar. "Design of X-Bandpass Waveguide Chebyshev Filter Based on CSRR Metamaterial for Telecommunication Systems." Electronics 9, no. 1 (2020): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9010101.

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This paper presents a new design of a fifth order bandpass waveguide filter with Chebyshev response which operates in the X-band at 10 GHz center frequency. By using a complementary split ring resonator (CSRR) upper and lower sections that are placed on the same transverse plane and are not on the same parallel line, CSRR sections are shifted from each other. A simple model of lumped elements RLC is introduced and calculated as well. The model of the proposed bandpass waveguide filter is synthesized and designed by using computer simulation technology (CST). Hereafter, by selecting proper physical parameters and optimizing the overall CSRR geometrical dimensions by taking into consideration the coupling effect between resonators, a shortened length of the overall filter, and a wider bandwidth over the conventional one are obtained. As a result, the proposed filter is compared with the conventional bandpass waveguide filter that is coupled by inductive irises with Chebyshev response, in addition to other studies that have used the metamaterial technique. The proposed filter reduces the overall physical length by 31 % and enhances the bandwidth up to 37.5 % .

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Dean, Robert, and Jonathan Richard. "Testing of Flexible Metamaterial RF Filters Implemented through Micromachining LCP Substrates." Additional Conferences (Device Packaging, HiTEC, HiTEN, and CICMT) 2012, DPC (2012): 001115–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/2012dpc-tp35.

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Metamaterials have a wide range of potential uses in areas such as optics, transmission lines, and RF design. The simplest metamaterial structures are Split-Ring Resonators (SRR) and Complementary Split-Ring Resonators (CSSR). Through the combination of various forms of these structures, different applications in the areas previously stated can be achieved. Under this investigation, a metamaterials transmission line was realized through micromachining a Liquid Crystal Polymer (LCP) substrate. Not only does LCP possess useful RF properties, it is flexible and micromachinable. This transmission line consisted of several CSSRs in series, which performed as a high-order, high-frequency filter. This structure was unique to most metamaterial structures because LCP is a flexible substrate. Prototype filters were fabricated and evaluated. One test involved flexing the devices over various radii of PVC pipe sections to evaluate the effects of flexing the substrate on the filter's performance. The filter properties were shown to maintain approximately the same frequency and roll-off while being bent over the various radii of curvature. Therefore, arrays of these filters could be fabricated with planar processes and attached to non-planar surfaces, such as airfoils, for uses such as radar cloaking.

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Bonache, Jordi, Gerard Siso, Marta Gil, Ángel Iniesta, Jordi Garcia-Rincon, and Ferran Martin. "Application of Composite Right/Left Handed (CRLH) Transmission Lines based on Complementary Split Ring Resonators (CSRRs) to the Design of Dual-Band Microwave Components." IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters 18, no. 8 (2008): 524–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lmwc.2008.2001011.

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Jaksic, Zoran, Dana Vasiljevic-Radovic, Milan Maksimovic, Milija Sarajlic, and Zoran Djuric. "Nanofabrication of planar split ring resonators for negative refractive index metamaterials in the infrared range." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 71, no. 6 (2006): 695–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc0606695j.

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Experimental nanofabrication of planar structures for one-dimensional metamaterials designed to achieve a negative effective refractive index in the mid-infrared range (5-10 micrometers) was performed. Double split ring and complementary double split ring resonators (SRR and CSRR) with square and circular geometries, were chosen to be fabricated since these are the basic building blocks to achieve a negative effective dielectric permittivity and magnetic permeability. Scanning probe nanolithography with z-scanner movement was used to fabricate straight-line and curvilinear segments with a line width of 80-120 nm. The geometries were delineated in 20 nm thin silver layers sputter-deposited on a positive photoresist substrate spin-coated on polished single crystal silicon wafers, as well as on polycarbonate slabs. The morphology of the structures was characterized by atomic force microscopy. The feature repeatibility was 60-150 nm, depending on the process conditions and the feature complexity. The nanolithographic groove depth in different samples ranged from 4 nm to 80 nm.

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Wei, Feng, Pei-Yuan Qin, Y. Jay Guo, Chen Ding, and Xiao Wei Shi. "Compact Balanced Dual- and Tri-Band BPFs Based on Coupled Complementary Split-Ring Resonators (C-CSRR)." IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters 26, no. 2 (2016): 107–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lmwc.2016.2517125.

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48

Yan, Bo, Di Jiang, Ruimin Xu, and Yuehang Xu. "A UWB Band-Pass Antenna with Triple-Notched Band Using Common Direction Rectangular Complementary Split-Ring Resonators." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2013 (2013): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/934802.

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A novel ultrawideband (UWB) antenna which has a triple-band notch function is presented. The proposed antenna can block interfering signals from C-band satellite communication systems, IEEE802.11a, and HIPERLAN/2 WLAN systems for example. The antenna is excited by using novel common direction rectangular complementary split-ring resonators (CSRR) fabricated on radiating patch of the dielectric substrate with coplanar waveguide (CPW) feed strip line. The voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) of the proposed antenna is less than 2.0 in the frequency band from 2.8 to 12 GHz, while showing a very sharp band-rejection performance at 3.9 GHz, 5.2 GHz, and 5.9 GHz. The measurement results show that the proposed antenna provides good omnidirectional field pattern over its whole frequency band excluding the rejected band, which is suitable for UWB applications.

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Richard, Jonathan, and Robert Dean. "Flexible Metamaterials RF Filters Implemented through Micromachining LCP Substrates." Additional Conferences (Device Packaging, HiTEC, HiTEN, and CICMT) 2011, DPC (2011): 000555–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/2011dpc-ta22.

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Metamaterials have a wide range of potential uses in areas such as optics, transmission lines, and RF design. The simplest metamaterial structures are Split-Ring Resonators (SRR) and Complementary Split-Ring Resonators (CSSR). Through the combination of various forms of these structures, different applications in the areas previously stated can be achieved. Under this investigation, a metamaterials transmission line was realized through micromachining a Liquid Crystal Polymer (LCP) substrate. Not only does LCP possess useful RF properties, it can also be easily micromachined. This transmission line consisted of several CSSRs in series, which performed as a high-order, high-frequency high-pass filter. This structure was unique to most metamaterial structures because LCP is a flexible substrate. It was observed that the resonant frequency of the filter did not change when the LCP transmission line was flexed in various ways. Next, micromachined vias were etched through the LCP substrate to demonstrate that these features do not affect the filter's response. Through utilization of these vias, the metamaterial structures can be physically conformed to nearly any shape or mounted onto another object without affecting the filter's response. As demonstrated in a simple filter structure, the shape manipulation has very little effect. Theoretically, extrapolating these methods to the development of metamaterials 3D RF invisibility cloaks, that are easily realizable and mountable onto an object, could prove useful.

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Jang, Chorom, Jin-Kwan Park, Gi-Ho Yun, and Jong-Gwan Yook. "Noninvasive Method to Distinguish between Glucose and Sodium Chloride Solution Using Complementary Split-Ring Resonator." Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science 29, no. 4 (2018): 247–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5515/kjkiees.2018.29.4.247.

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