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Chernovaty, Leonid. "Rendering English pharmacological terms into Ukrainian: Translation and didactic dimensions." SHS Web of Conferences 105 (2021): 03001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202110503001.
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The research into the dependence of translation techniques choice on the term structure in the source language on the material of rendering 603 English single-word terms and terminological collocations (related to pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics) into Ukrainian contributed to suggesting the following preliminary conclusions. The choice of translation techniques in rendering single-word terms depends, to a certain degree, on their structure. The share of the dictionary equivalents decreases with the increase in the term complexity, falling from 82% in the case of simple terms and prefixal derivatives to 58% concerning the suffixal, 34% – prefix-suffixal and 9% – compound lexemes. The transcoding share is minimal with prefixal and simple terms, steadily growing with suffixal, prefix-suffixal and compound lexemes. Dictionary equivalents complemented by transcoding may be enough to render simple terms, prefixal derivatives may additionally require contextual substitution or addition in the case of suffixal lexemes. The growth in the terminology complexity results in the expansion of the translation procedures ranges to four or even six techniques in rendering the prefix-suffixal terms. Adjectival, participial and verbal two-word collocations are mostly translated by calquing. The addition of a noun reduces its share, increasing the role of transformations. The correlation of translation techniques depends on the nature of the added element. If it is an adjective, the impact of calquing grows; the addition of a noun contributes to the expansion of transformations.
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Ninio, Anat. "Complement or adjunct? The syntactic principle English-speaking children learn when producing determiner–noun combinations in their early speech." First Language 39, no. 1 (2017): 33–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0142723717729276.
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In children acquiring various languages, the early mastery of determiners strongly predicts syntactic development. What makes determiners important is not yet clear as there is a linguistic controversy regarding their syntactic behaviour. Some consider determiners to be similar to adjectives and to modify common nouns, while others consider the common nouns their complements. This article aims to find out which of the two basic syntactic operations, complementation or adjunct attribution, children learn when they master determiner–noun combinations in their early speech. Pearson correlations of determiner–nominal combinations with verb–noun combinations and attributive adjective–noun combinations were computed in early two-word-long sentences of a large sample of young English-speaking children. Determiner–nominal combinations were very highly correlated with verb–noun sentences, whereas the correlation with adjective–noun combinations was much lower. It appears that determiner–noun combinations are a type of complementation. When children learn them early, they apparently learn the syntactic principle underlying such combinations which then can be transferred to other syntactic constructions.
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윤서희. "Samantic of two Syllables Adjectives as Complements." Journal of Chinese Language and Literature ll, no. 57 (2011): 389–414. http://dx.doi.org/10.15792/clsyn..57.201106.389.
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Haugen, Tor Arne. "Adjectival predicators and approaches to complement realisation." Lingua 140 (February 2014): 83–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lingua.2013.12.007.
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Wójtowicz, Radosław. "Case, discourse structure, and (inter)subjectivity: A discourse approach to case of Finnish copula complement adjectives." Folia Linguistica 52, no. 1 (2018): 213–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/flin-2018-0005.
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Abstract This article presents a discourse approach to the case variation between the nominative and the partitive in Finnish copula complement adjectives. Using video recordings of spontaneous spoken Finnish, I show that the case marking of these adjectives reflects the discourse functions of demonstratives, which constitute the vast majority of copula subjects in the material. I also demonstrate that aspects of stance-taking in interaction are of relevance for the distribution of case in this construction. Based on the results of the present study, as well as on previous discussion in the literature, I analyse Finnish copulative constructions with partitive and nominative adjectives in terms of conversational patterns of subjectivity and intersubjectivity.
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RUDANKO, JUHANI. "Watching English grammar change: a case study on complement selection in British and American English." English Language and Linguistics 10, no. 1 (2006): 31–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1360674306001791.
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This article traces the complement selection properties of the adjective accustomed from the eighteenth century to the present. The adjective has frequently selected sentential complements, but the study illustrates a major change affecting the form of such complements. In the eighteenth century they were regularly of the to infinitive type, but today they are almost as regularly of the to -ing type. Both syntactic and semantic factors are identified in the article as having an impact on the change. The study also compares the pace of the change in British and American English, arguing that incipient change was discernible in both varieties as early as the nineteenth century. It is argued further that, at the present time, the change has been completed more fully in American English than in British English. This conclusion is reached by considering sentences with extraction or filler–gap dependencies. The data in the article come from large electronic corpora.
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Park, Sangsoo. "The Diachronic Change of Deontic Adjectival Complement Clauses in English." Studies in Modern Grammar 2015, no. 86 (2015): 97–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.14342/smog.2015.86.97.
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Fonseca, Norma Barbosa de Lima. "Investigando adjetivos atributivos em traduções publicadas, em um sistema de tradução automática e na pós-edição monolíngue: contribuições para a pedagogia da tradução / Investigating attributive adjectives in published translations, in a machine translation system and in monolingual post-editing: contributions to translation pedagogy." Texto Livre: Linguagem e Tecnologia 11, no. 1 (2018): 121–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.17851/1983-3652.11.1.121-143.
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RESUMO: Este artigo visa investigar a tradução em língua portuguesa de adjetivos atributivos em um trecho da obra em língua inglesa Heart of Darkness (CONRAD, 1994) em três estudos. O primeiro analisa as opções de tradução desse trecho em quatro traduções publicadas nos anos 1984, 1996, 2008 e 2011. O segundo examina o insumo da tradução automática desse mesmo trecho fornecido pelo Google Translate. O terceiro analisa textos-alvo produzidos em uma tarefa de pós-edição monolíngue, cujo texto-fonte foi esse mesmo trecho, por oito estudantes de uma disciplina de prática de tradução. Dessa maneira, integra-se uma análise do processo e do produto tradutórios para verificar padrões na tradução de grupos nominais com um, dois e três adjetivos atributivos presentes no trecho analisado. Para a realização desses estudos, utilizou-se parte do RETRAD (Corpus de (Re)Traduções), o qual foi complementado com o trecho traduzido automaticamente pelo Google Translate e com os textos pós-editados pelos estudantes. Os resultados apontam alguns padrões sintáticos e lexicais recorrentes nos grupos nominais com até dois adjetivos atributivos nas traduções publicadas, havendo, no caso de grupos nominais com mais de dois adjetivos, a inclusão de preposições e conjunções em português. Observou-se também uma maior variedade sintática e lexical nos grupos nominais com três ou mais adjetivos atributivos nas traduções publicadas. O fato que os estudantes fizeram poucas alterações nos textos-alvo pós-editados parece indicar que esses participantes não se sentem confiantes para produzir o texto-alvo sem consulta ao texto-fonte. Desse modo, é necessário incentivar o uso de corpora em sala de aula, expor aos estudantes as limitações de sistemas de tradução automática e as estratégias de solução de problemas, levando-os a refletir sobre os processos de tradução e de pós-edição. Isso contribuirá para o aumento da confiança desses estudantes em suas escolhas e para a produção de textos-alvo que representam a língua em uso.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: adjetivos atributivos; sistema de tradução automática; pós-edição monolíngue; linguística de corpus; pesquisa experimental.ABSTRACT: This article aims at investigating the translation in Brazilian Portuguese of attributive adjectives in an excerpt from Heart of Darkness (CONRAD, 1994) in three studies. The first analyses the translation of the same excerpt in four translations published in 1984, 1996, 2008 and 2011. The second examines the machine-translated output from English into Portuguese of the same excerpt as provided by Google Translate. The third analyzes the target texts produced in a monolingual post-editing task performed by students of a translation practice subject. Thus, it integrates a process and product analysis to verify patterns of translating noun phrases with one, two and three attributive adjectives in the analyzed excerpt. For this study, part of Corpus de (Re)traduções (RETRAD) was used, which was complemented by the machine-translated output and students’ post-edited texts. Results point to recurrent syntactic and lexical patterns in the translation of noun phrases with up to two attributive adjectives in published translations, with the addition of prepositions and conjunctions in noun phrases with more than two adjectives. Greater syntactic and lexical variety is also found in the translations of noun phrases with three or more attributive adjectives in published translations. The fact that students made a few changes in the post-edited target texts seems to indicate that these participants do not feel confident to produce the target text without referring to the source text. Therefore, it is necessary to promote the use of corpora in translation classroom, to expose students to the limitations of machine translations systems and to problem-solving strategies, leading them to reflect on the translation and post-editing processes. This will contribute to increase students' confidence in their choices and to produce target texts that represent the language in use.KEYWORDS: attributive adjectives; machine translation system; monolingual post-editing, corpus linguistics; experimental research.
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Letuchiy, Alexander. "Russian constructions with semi-auxiliary verbs and adjectives: The puzzle of complement clause." Вопросы языкознания, no. 2 (April 2018): 7–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0373658x0003716-6.
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Sungrok Kang. "A Study on Smuggling Approach and the Structures of the Complement Clauses of Adjectives." Studies in Linguistics ll, no. 39 (2016): 27–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.17002/sil..39.201604.27.
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Li, Ying. "The Syntactic Coercion Between “N1Adv shi N2” and “S bi N1 hai N2” Constructions." Forum for Linguistic Studies 2, no. 1 (2020): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.18063/fls.v2i1.1202.
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Though many researchers have studied “N1Adv shi N2” and “S bi N1 hai N2” constructions, none of them have done some research on the correlation between them. In view of it, this thesis analyzes the syntactic coercion of the construction “N1Adv shi N2” on the construction “S bi N1 hai N2” from the perspective of the Cognitive Construction Grammar. The findings are: the latter inherits from the former the characteristics of nouns as adjectives, generic reference of nouns, and no negation, etc., but blocks the characteristic of personal names with specific reference; the latter partially inherits from the former some characteristics of nouns, such as the nouns referring to people, but blocks the information of geographical and personal names. In addition, the metonymic thinking model link proposed in this thesis has complemented the four types of links between constructions by Goldberg.
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강선옥. "A Syntactic Study on the Structure of the Complement Clause of the Non-raising Adjectives." Studies in Linguistics ll, no. 19 (2011): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.17002/sil..19.201104.1.
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Stiebels, Barbara. "Appendix: questionnaire for complement control and control predicates." ZAS Papers in Linguistics 47 (January 1, 2007): 60–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.21248/zaspil.47.2007.345.
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This questionnaire focuses on control structures that are instantiated by predicates that take a state of affairs (SOA) argument. Noonan (1985) has called these predicates 'complement-taking predicates'; I will use the notion of SOAAtaking predicates (SOAA = state of affairs argument).
 
 Prototypically, complement control is instantiated by certain classes of verbs; however, adjectives (be eager to) and nouns (e.g. nominalizations such as promise) may function as control predicates as well. 'Control' refers to the pattern of argument identification between an argument of the SOAA-taking predicate and an argument of the SOAA-head. In the literature the notion of 'equi deletion' or 'equi-NP deletion' has been used (following Rosenbaum 1967), which refers to structures in which an overt argument of the matrix predicate is identified with a covert argument of the embedded predicate. This questionnaire aims at a cross-linguistic application of the notion of control and thus uses a semantic definition of complement control. It extends the notion of control to other patterns of referential dependency between arguments of a SOAA-taking predicate and of the embedded predicate.
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Kardana, I. Nyoman, I. Made Beni Wrihatnala, and Made Sri Satyawati. "Category Of Complement And Semantic Role Of Single Argument In Balinese Syntactic Constructions." RETORIKA: Jurnal Ilmu Bahasa 2, no. 2 (2017): 384. http://dx.doi.org/10.22225/jr.2.2.67.384-393.
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This study aims to analyze and describe the word category of complement and semantic roles of single argument found in syntactic constructions with complement in Balinese language. Data of this study was collected from Balinese speaking informants living in the city of Denpasar, Bali. The data was supported by those obtained from Balinese story books. The data was collected by observation method completed with recording and note taking techniques. The collected data was analyzed based on theory of semantic role proposed by Van Valin and LaPolla, 1997 and by I Saeed, 1997. The result shows that complement in Balinese can be filled in by noun, adjective, numeral, and verb. The verb predicate of constructions with complement are mostly intransitive verb with ma- but in few data of intransitive verb with N- are also found. Then, the semantic roles of single argument in constructions with complement are agent, experiencer, patient, and recipient. Key words: complement, semantic role, argument, intransitive, transitive.
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Pfaff, Alexander. "Reunited after 1000 years. The development of definite articles in Icelandic." Nordic Journal of Linguistics 42, no. 02 (2019): 165–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0332586519000155.
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AbstractThis article traces the diachronic development from the Proto Norse demonstrative hinn via the Old Icelandic definite article(s) to the Modern Icelandic article system. This demonstrative gave rise to two distinct article elements during the Viking period that are well-attested from Old Icelandic onwards, a freestanding and a suffixed article.Based on evidence from Old Icelandic, I argue for a categorial distinction between an adjectival and a nominal article, which does not entirely coincide with a mere morpho-phonological distinction. The former, which mostly occurs as a freestanding element, is a genuine component of AP, not an immediate constituent of the nominal extended projection. The latter, which only occurs in suffixal form, heads a low projection in the extended nominal projection and has scope only over the noun. For Modern Icelandic, on the other hand, I will adopt the idea that free and suffixed articles are two surface manifestations of the same element.The diachronic perspective is complemented by an examination of the development of seven adjectivally modified definite noun phrase patterns. This empirical survey reveals several surprising facts: The standard pattern of modification in Modern Icelandic was virtually non-existent prior to the 17th century, and double definiteness persisted until the early 20th century. Likewise, certain modificational patterns otherwise found in Mainland Scandinavian were dominant between the 16th and 19th century. This latter observation points to a competition between two adjectival articles hinn vs. sá similar to the one that had taken place earlier in Mainland Scandinavian. In Icelandic, however, sá did not replace hinn, and, in the long run, a pattern not comprising an adjectival article became the dominant one.
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Han, Jing, and Kiseong Park. "A Comparative Study on Complement Patterns and NSM Explications of AFRAID-Group Emotion Adjectives in English and Chinese." Studies in Linguistics 54 (January 31, 2020): 283–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.17002/sil..54.202001.283.
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Gentens, Caroline, and Juhani Rudanko. "The Great Complement Shift and the role of understood subjects: The case of fearful." Folia Linguistica 53, no. 1 (2019): 51–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/flin-2019-2004.
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Abstract This article reports on a corpus-based study of diachronic change and constructional competition in the system of English complementation, with a focus on variation in non-finite complements of the adjective fearful. Fearful occurs with prepositional (of -ing) subject-controlled gerunds and with to-infinitives, which can further be distinguished into subject extraposition, subject control, and tough-constructions. Recent decades show a drastic decline of the to-infinitival patterns, concomitant to the loss of one of the senses of fearful. We examine the diachronic distribution and competition of the two construction pairs that show functional overlap, i.e. tough-constructions and extraposition constructions on the one hand, and infinitival and gerundial subject-control patterns on the other. This allows us to show the import of the ‘Great Complement Shift’ in the face of constructional attrition and to investigate new principles motivating the choice for either the to-infinitival or the gerundial subject-control construction. More specifically, the study provides further evidence for the ‘Choice Principle’, which involves the (lack of) agentivity of the understood subject in the event described by the lower clause. In this way, the study adds new explanatory factors and descriptive insights to our knowledge of the broader diachronic change known as the Great Complement Shift.
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Arsenijević, Boban, and Marko Simonović. "The importance of not belonging: Paradigmaticity and loan nominalizations in Serbo-Croatian." Open Linguistics 4, no. 1 (2018): 418–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/opli-2018-0021.
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Abstract In a number of Slavic and Germanic languages, various derivational affixes and morphological patterns of Latin origin are relatively common, and bear effects as abstract as deriving event nouns from verbs and property nouns from adjectives. This seems to contradict the general observation that abstract morphology typically is not subject to borrowing. We discuss the status of two Serbo-Croatian (S-C) nominalizing Latinate suffixes, -cija and -itet, complemented by one Germanic suffix, -er. On our analysis, these are not borrowed suffixes and derivational patterns, in the sense that they were present in another language and got copied into S-C, but rather suffixes and patterns which emerged within S-C, more specifically in the borrowed stratum of the S-C lexicon. Crucial factors in their emergence were the shared semantic properties of the nouns ending in the respective sequences (-cija, -itet and -er), and the quantitative properties of these sequences closely matching those of native derivational suffixes. Pragmatic, phonological and prosodic constraints apply to these derivations to the effect that the suffixes that have emerged in the borrowed domain of the lexicon never enter a competition with the native nominalization patterns.
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Granell Sales, Francesc. "Els epítets dels artistes baixmedievals al servei dels poders reial i municipal." Caplletra. Revista Internacional de Filologia, no. 70 (April 22, 2021): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.7203/caplletra.70.19994.
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Aquest article estudia els adjectius que van rebre els artistes que treballaren per al rei i per a les elits ciutadanes en els territoris de parla catalana durant els segles XIV i XV. En particular, se n’hi examinen dos: apte i subtil. Les notícies exhumades per uns altres especialistes fins al moment permeten comprendre’ls en el propi context documental. Ací es compara el seu significat amb uns altres exemples de la literatura baixmedieval de la Corona d’Aragó i es du a terme una aproximació històrica com a paraules que al·ludien a la perícia de l’artista i que van ser escollides amb una finalitat. Participaren i repercutiren, per tant, en la relació històrica de l’artista amb el client, d’entre els quals sobresortí el rei Pere el Cerimoniós. Les definicions que oferim complementen les que s’especifiquen als diccionaris històrics i subratllen la consideració específica que es tenia de les qualitats d’un artista.
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Bakuuro, Justine, and Africanus L. Diedong. "A Critical Discourse Analysis of Language in Ghanaian Newspaper Editorials." ATHENS JOURNAL OF MASS MEDIA AND COMMUNICATIONS 7, no. 1 (2020): 45–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.30958/ajmmc.7-1-3.
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The study explores the linguistic devices, approaches and styles in media discourse that are used to stake claims to knowledge, to influence attitudes and to promote critical thinking, among other functional roles of language. The study was equally interested in knowing the outcomes of the choice of these linguistic devices as far as communication is concerned. Linguistic devices such as modality, evaluative adjectives, adverbs, generic phrases, rhetoric and idioms among others, are used to state opinions, make predictions and influence attitudes. The study hypothesises that the study of language can be used in particular ways, so intended by the user, to achieve specific purposes. Eight different newspapers: The Daily Graphic, The Ghanaian Times, The Mirror, The Crusading Guide, The Insight, The Independent, The Catholic Standard and The Daily Guide, editorial excerpts were culled and used for the study of language use in newspaper editorials. The styles used and the reasons behind the choice of those devices and styles are closely looked at in the analysis. With Systemic Functional Linguistics, complemented with Van-Dijk’s theory of Media Discourse as models of analysis, the study is theoretically anchored. The study concludes that editorial writers use linguistic devices to express different shades of attitude and opinion, to influence, shape or re-shape their readers’ attitudes and to promote critical thinking of readers. Keywords: Linguistic Devices, Media Discourse, Communication, Language, Styles.
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Mills, Carl. "Diachronic Studies of English Complementation Patterns: Eighteenth Century Evidence in Tracing the Development of Verbs and Adjectives Selecting Prepositions and Complement Clauses (review)." Language 78, no. 1 (2002): 195–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/lan.2002.0044.
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Bou, Enric. "«Temeritats enlluernadores»: La ciutat en la poesia de Bartomeu Rosselló-Pòrcel." SCRIPTA. Revista Internacional de Literatura i Cultura Medieval i Moderna 5, no. 5 (2015): 265. http://dx.doi.org/10.7203/scripta.5.6389.
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Resum: La poesia de Rosselló-Pòrcel és una obra de dimensió limitada, però d’una gran diversitat. En els últims anys s’ha estudiat amb precisió la presència d’un llegat postsimbolista. En aquest article s’analitza un aspecte menystingut: el sentit de la presència de mons urbans en la poesia de Rosselló-Pòrcel. El poeta experimenta amb un nou concepte de la metàfora i incorpora els elements que componen l'escenari urbà nomenats amb ajuda d'un lèxic despullat del tabú del prosaisme. L’adjectivació, a més, farà possible unir l'experiència del que és descriptiu amb la desrealització de l'objecte contemplat. L’anàlisi detinguda de tres poemes complementa la reflexió. Paraules clau: Poesia urbana, postsimbolisme Abstract: Rosselló-Pòrcel’s poetry is a work of limited extension, but of great diversity. In recent years critics have studied with precision the presence of a post-symbolist legacy. In this article I take a look at an undervalued aspect of it: the meaning and uses of urban worlds in his poetry. The poet experimented with a new concept of metaphor and incorporates elements from the urban scene using a lexicon that includes prosaic elements. Adjectives make possible the combination of description with object contemplation. The thorough analysis of three poems completes the re-evaluation. Keywords: Poetry City PostSymbolism
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Meyer, Verena, Silke Tegtmeier, and Stefanie Pakura. "Revisited: how gender role stereotypes affect the image of entrepreneurs among young adults." International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship 9, no. 4 (2017): 319–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijge-07-2017-0031.
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Purpose Entrepreneurship is shaped by a male norm, which has been widely demonstrated in qualitative studies. The authors strive to complement these methods by a quantitative approach. First, gender role stereotypes were measured in entrepreneurship. Second, the explicit notions of participants were captured when they described entrepreneurs. Therefore, this paper aims to revisit gender role stereotypes among young adults. Design/methodology/approach To measure stereotyping, participants were asked to describe entrepreneurs in general and either women or men in general. The Schein Descriptive Index (SDI) for characterization was used. Following the procedures of Schein (1975), intra-class-correlation was calculated as a measure of congruence. This approach was complemented by controlling explicit notions, i.e. the image that participants had when describing entrepreneurs. Findings The images of men and entrepreneurs show a high and significant congruence (r = 0.803), mostly in those adjectives that are untypical for men and entrepreneurs. The congruence of women and entrepreneurs was low (r = 0.152) and insignificant. Contrary to the participants’ beliefs, their explicit notions did not have any effect on measures of congruence. However, young adults who knew business owners in their surroundings rated the congruence of women and entrepreneurs significantly higher (r = 0.272) than average. Originality/value This study is unique in combining “implicit” stereotypes and explicit notions. It demonstrates that gender stereotypes in entrepreneurship are powerful. The image of the entrepreneur remains male, independent of explicit notions. As young adults who knew business owners in their surroundings rated the congruence of women and entrepreneurs higher, this could be a starting point for education programmes.
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Sinnyovsky, Dimitar. "Precambrian metamorphites as part of the petrographic diversity of Rila Geopark." Review of the Bulgarian Geological Society 82, no. 1 (2021): 11–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.52215/rev.bgs.2021.82.1.3.
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The petrographic diversity of Rila Mountain is an important prerequisite for the development of Rila Geopark and its nomination for UNESCO Geopark. According to the principle of the thematic geodiversity, the leading theme of the geopark – glacial landscapes, is complemented by the remarkable petrographic diversity of igneous and metamorphic rocks, in which alpine glacial forms are developed. Following a recent review of the intrusive rocks that make up the Rila-West Rhodope Batholith, the concept of Rila Geopark would not be complete without a retrospective of the metamorphic rocks that are an integral part of its petrographic diversity. The different approaches (lithodemic and lithotectonic) to the mapping of the Rila-Rhodope Massif divided the geologists into two camps. This led to a discrepancy in terminology and nomenclature of the metamorphic units, which is unacceptable in the context of the educational priority of the geopark. For the purpose of geotourism, clear and understandable interpretations are required to provoke the visitors’ interest in geological processes and phenomena, rather than confusion and perplexity. This article is a historical overview of the geological study of the metamorphic terrains in Rila Mountain with a scheme of lithodemic units based on the existing lithostratigraphic nomenclature. This approach allows the preservation of the names of the lithostratigraphic units, whose toponymic adjectives derive from well known geographical features in the Rila-Rhodope Massif. The rank term is replaced by a lithological or descriptive term, which frees the nomenclature from the dogmatic restrictions of the stratigraphic code and reduces the distance between the strictly scientific and popular science approach used for interpretation of geological information in a popular language accessible to the general public. This methodology is consistent with the approach recommended for mapping of non-stratified bodies on the Geological Map of the Republic of Bulgaria at a scale 1:50 000.
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Steiner, Janine. "Also d'Susi wär e ganz e liebi Frau für de Markus! Zur Verdoppelung des indefiniten Artikels in der adverbiell erweiterten Nominalphrase im Schweizerdeutschen." Linguistik Online 24, no. 3 (2005). http://dx.doi.org/10.13092/lo.24.639.
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Three possible constructions of adverbially complemented noun phrases are attested in Swiss German. In (1), the indefinite article is doubled, whereas in (2) and (3) the article appears only once; it precedes or follows the adverb, respectively: (1) Also d' Susi wär e ganz e liebi Frau für de Markus! So the Susi would_be Art really Art lovely wife for the Markus! 'Susi would be a really lovely wife for Markus!' (2) Also d' Susi wär ganz e liebi Frau für de Markus! So the Susi would_be really Art lovely wife for the Markus! 'Susi would be a really lovely wife for Markus!' (3) Also d' Susi wär e ganz liebi Frau für de Markus! So the Susi would_be Art really lovely wife for the Markus! 'Susi would be a really lovely wife for Markus!' Doubling of the indefinite article is quite often mentioned in dialectological literature. Unfortunately there is nothing to be found about regional differences, frequency or possible contexts for a doubling in most standard works of Swiss German dialectology. The present paper now fills in some of these gaps in research on the adverbially complemented noun phrase in Swiss German: In a quantitative analysis will be shown that the construction with the article between adverb and adjective (2) is the one given the highest acceptance and preference rates by the informants. Furthermore the paper also shows that the doubling-construction (1) is more prominent in some Swiss German speaking-areas than in others. An apparent time analysis reveals ongoing language change and, last but not least, it shows that sociolinguistic parameters have an impact on the adverbially complemented noun phrase as well.
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Gai, Amikam. "Adjective + Complement in Semitic Languages." Orientalia Suecana, March 7, 2019, 3–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.33063/diva-378636.
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The relationship between the two components of the construction known in Arabic as الاضافة غير الحقيقية, e.g., الحَسَنُ ٱلْوَجْهِ, Hebrewיְפֵה עֵינַיִם, and Akkadian damqam īnim ‘beautiful-faced/eyed’, is commonly held to be one of nexus: ‘His/her eyes/face are/is beautiful’. The author of the article argues that the relationship is rather that of a verb/(verbal) root with its complement – similar to Arabic تمييز, e.g., حَسَنٌ وَجْهًا ‘He is beautiful, as for his face’. A 1996 article by the author used analytical arguments to prove this; the present article, which is a continuation, does not repeat the analytical arguments, but presents examples contradicting the “Nexus Theory” along with examples unequivocally supporting the “Complement Theory”.
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Sode, Rumiko. "Japanese adjectives in small clause complements." Journal of Japanese Linguistics 18, no. 1 (2002). http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jjl-2002-0106.
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Murphy, Patrick. "I'm done my homework: Complement Coercion and Aspectual Adjectives in Canadian English." Oslo Studies in Language 10, no. 2 (2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.5617/osla.6674.
Full textAbstract:
Self-paced reading and eye-tracking studies have generally found that combining aspectual verbs (like ‘begin’ and ‘finish’) with entity nouns (like ‘the book’ or ‘the coffee’) is associated with increased reading times on and around the noun (McElree et al. 2001; Traxler et al. 2002; Pickering et al. 2005). This processing cost is widely interpreted as evidence of complement coercion—aspectual verbs semantically select for an event (like ‘dancing’ or ‘the dance’) and can take entity objects only if they are coerced into an event through a computationally costly process of type-shifting (Pustejovsky 1995; Jackendoff 1997). This paper presents an eye-tracking study of the Canadian English ‘be done NP’ construction, e.g., ‘I am done/finished my homework’ (not to be confused with the dialect-neutral ‘I am done/finished WITH my homework’) to mean ‘I have finished my homework’. Results suggest a processing penalty for entity-denoting nouns like ‘the script’ (compared to event description nouns like ‘the audition’) in this construction, which supports Fruehwald & Myler’s (2015) proposal that ‘done’ and ‘finished’ in this construction are aspectual adjectives that behave like aspectual verbs in requiring complement coercion and type-shifting for entity-denoting nouns.
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Brăescu, Raluca. "Construcții comparative în limba română veche." Diacronia, no. 6 (September 30, 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.17684/i6a92ro.
Full textAbstract:
În articolul de față realizăm o analiză a construcțiilor cu adjective gradate în textele vechi românești. Ne oprim asupra comparativului de superioritate, astfel că avem în vedere, în primul rînd, stadiul de gramaticalizare a operatorilor de grad implicați. Structurile înregistrate în textele vechi includ unități polifuncționale în competiție, dintre care unele intră în procese complexe de specializare (mai), iar altele dispar (camai). În al doilea rînd, prezentăm realizările complementului comparativ în corpusul analizat: grupuri prepoziționale avînd drept centru prepozițiile de, decît și ca. Ne interesează în ce măsură se pot stabili restricții de utilizare a acestor prepoziții. Vom acorda o atenție specială „anomaliilor” de topică a unităților. Configurațiile în care complementul comparativ este antepus adjectivului se pun în legătură cu existența unor urme ale sintaxei nonconfiguraționale în limba română veche.
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OKADA, SADAYUKI. "Category-free complement selection in causal adjunct phrases." English Language and Linguistics, September 8, 2020, 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1360674320000295.
Full textAbstract:
In English there are a variety of causal adjunct phrases such as because of, as a result of, on account of and in spite of. It was reported recently that a new structure because X is thriving in colloquial registers including conversations and blogs. The complement X is not only restricted to nominals but also includes other lexical categories such as adjectives, adverbs and even verbs. This article delves into the history of this usage and its reasoning, and conducts a survey on other causal adjuncts to determine whether the same kind of innovation is observed with other adjunct phrases. The survey shows that the new usage started from NP complements and has been extended to include complements of other lexical categories, and that the new usage attested in because X is also observed with in case X. The truncation of the final preposition is verified with all the adjunct phrases in the survey, but the category of the complement is basically restricted to nominals in the case of other phrases. We will look into the factors segregating the two groups of adjuncts, namely because/in case X, and other causal adjuncts.