Academic literature on the topic 'Completion percentage'
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Journal articles on the topic "Completion percentage"
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Velte, Patrick. "ZP-stichwort: Percentage-of-completion-methode." Zeitschrift für Planung & Unternehmenssteuerung 17, no. 2 (2006): 223–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00187-006-0167-5.
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Namryoung Lee and Kyung-Heon Kwon. "Revenue Recognition on Percentage of Completion Basis and Firm Value." International Journal of Business and Society 21, no. 1 (2020): 25–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.33736/ijbs.3221.2020.
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Revenue recognition timing has caused conflicts between the reliability and usefulness of accounting information and become an important issue. Unbilled receivables are inevitable in long-term construction projects,but they can also result frompremature revenue recognition for earnings management. This study evaluated the correlation between unbilled receivables and earnings management,between unbilled receivables and firm value, and between unbilled receivables with loss allowances andfirm value from 2010 to 2016. The analysis results confirmed that companies engaged inearnings management viaunbilled receivables. Unbilled receivables had a significantly negative correlation with firm value. The result implied that unbilled receivables were interpreted as a signal of poor management,and the market responded negatively. However, for companies that had established loss allowances for unbilled receivables, the correlation results were not significant or less significantthan they were for companies without loss allowances. The results revealed that the market responded less negatively when loss allowanceswere established appropriately.
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Kojima, Masahiro. "Early Completion of Model-Assisted Designs for Dose-Finding Trials." JCO Precision Oncology, no. 5 (August 2021): 1449–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/po.21.00192.
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PURPOSE We propose a novel early completion method for phase I dose-finding trials using model-assisted designs. The trials can halt when a maximum tolerated dose (MTD) is estimated with sufficient accuracy. Early completion can reduce the average number of patients treated relative to the planned number, thereby allowing the trial to proceed to enrolling an expansion cohort for efficacy and enabling the trial to reach the next phase faster. METHODS Early completion is conducted on the basis of a dose-retainment probability using dose-assignment decisions. We evaluated early the completion for two actual trials. In addition, we performed a computer simulation to confirm the percentage of correctly selected MTDs, the early completion percentage, and the average number of patients treated. RESULTS In the evaluation of the two actual trials, we confirmed that the trials completed early. In the simulation results, we confirmed that the percentages of correct MTD selection were maintained relative to the original model-assisted designs. The early completion percentages ranged from 50% to 90%, and the number of patients treated reduced from 20%-60% relative to the planned number of patients. CONCLUSION We conclude that the early completion method can be applied unproblematically to the model-assisted design of phase I dose-finding trials.
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Bolin, Elijah H., Shiraz A. Maskatia, Amanda L. Tate, and Christopher J. Petit. "Older Age at Completion of Fontan Procedure Is Associated with Improved Percentage of Predicted Maximum Oxygen Uptake." Texas Heart Institute Journal 42, no. 4 (2015): 333–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.14503/thij-14-4178.
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We tested the hypothesis that later completion of the Fontan procedure is associated with improved exercise capacity in the current period of staged single-ventricle palliation. We performed a retrospective study, in Fontan patients, of exercise stress test data from April 2003 through March 2011. Patients were included if they had received staged palliations in accordance with current surgical strategy, defined as the performance of a superior cavopulmonary connection at ≤1 year of age, followed in subsequent years by Fontan completion. Patients with a pacemaker or respiratory exchange ratio <1 were excluded. Early and late Fontan groups were created on the basis of whether Fontan completion had been performed at <4 or ≥ 4 years of age. The primary predictor variable was age at Fontan completion, and the primary marker of exercise performance was the percentage of predicted maximum oxygen consumption. During the study period, 55 patients were identified (mean age, 11.7 ± 2.8 yr). Older age at Fontan completion correlated positively with higher percentages of predicted maximum oxygen consumption (R=0.286, P=0.034). Patients in whom Fontan completion was performed at ≥4 years of age had higher percentages of predicted maximum oxygen consumption than did those in whom completion was at <4 years of age (84.4 ± 21.5 vs 72.9 ± 18.1; P=0.041). Later Fontan completion might be associated with improved exercise capacity in patients palliated in accordance with contemporary surgical strategy.
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Susanto, Alfonsus Herry, and Soedjono Rono. "Analisis Perbedaan Pengakuan Pendapatan Menggunakan Metode Kontrak Selesai Dan Metode Persentase Penyelesaian." BIP's JURNAL BISNIS PERSPEKTIF 8, no. 1 (2016): 58–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.37477/bip.v8i1.36.
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Percentage of Completion Method help the company in the financial system of the company in one period may have more than one contract because this method shows the income statement as fair. Revenue recognition with the Percentage of Completion Method using a proper approach to matching concept (compare the costs and revenue appropriately) is the most appropriate method for long term contracts because it can describe the income statement in each period can be reported proportionately and fairly. For short term contracts, companies can use the method of revenue recognition based on the Completed Contract Method or the Percentage of Completion Method with the terms of the contract occurred less than or not more than one accounting period, because if more than one period and using the Completed Contract Method, it can cause report income that is not fair. Keep in mind that the Percentage of Completion Method has the disadvantage that if there is reduction or additional work in a contract, the percentage of work progress to be recalculated, and if there is a change estimated total cost, so the revenue recognized in the previous year must recalculated.
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Lee, Steven W., Karen E. Kelly, and Joseph E. Nyre. "Preliminary Report on the Relation of Students' on-Task Behavior with Completion of School Work." Psychological Reports 84, no. 1 (1999): 267–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1999.84.1.267.
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On-task behavior is frequently measured by school psychologists during classroom observations. Unfortunately, the obtained on-task percentage is difficult to interpret because (1) the relationship between on-task behavior and school work completion and quality are unknown and (2) generalizability of the observations is limited. In this study, percentage of time on task was related to work completion and quality using the newly developed Kansas Classroom Observation Form. The obtained data, while preliminary, suggest a general “rule-of-thumb” for expectations of work completion based on various observed on/off-task behavior. Other findings, limitations of the study, and directions for research are discussed.
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Mallepalle, Sarah, Ronald Yurko, Konstantinos Pelechrinis, and Samuel L. Ventura. "Extracting NFL tracking data from images to evaluate quarterbacks and pass defenses." Journal of Quantitative Analysis in Sports 16, no. 2 (2020): 95–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jqas-2019-0052.
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AbstractThe NFL collects detailed tracking data capturing the location of all players and the ball during each play. Although the raw form of this data is not publicly available, the NFL releases a set of aggregated statistics via their Next Gen Stats (NGS) platform. They also provide charts showing the locations of pass attempts and outcomes for individual quarterbacks. Our work aims to partially close the gap between what data is available privately (to NFL teams) and publicly, and our contribution is two-fold. First, we introduce an image processing tool designed specifically for extracting the raw data from the NGS pass charts. We extract the pass outcome, coordinates, and other metadata. Second, we analyze the resulting dataset, examining the spatial tendencies and performances of individual quarterbacks and defenses. We use a generalized additive model for completion percentages by field location. We introduce a naive Bayes approach for estimating the 2-D completion percentage surfaces of individual teams and quarterbacks, and we provide a one-number summary, completion percentage above expectation (CPAE), for evaluating quarterbacks and team defenses. We find that our pass location data closely matches the NFL’s tracking data, and that our CPAE metric closely matches the NFL’s proprietary CPAE metric.
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Gunawan, Dani. "Developing Scramble-Based Learning Method to Increase Students’ Reading and Writing Comprehension." JOURNAL OF TEACHING AND LEARNING IN ELEMENTARY EDUCATION (JTLEE) 2, no. 1 (2019): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.33578/jtlee.v2i1.6643.
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This study was directed to develop a learning technique, to analyze the obstacles faced by teachers in implementing the lesson, and to overcome the problems faced by teachers in enhancing elementary students’ reading and writing comprehension. In order to fulfill the mentioned goals, this study tried to use scramble-based learning technique. It was cconducted at SDN Gentra Masekdas 1, Kecamatan Tarogong Kaler involving 32 first grade students. A pilot study was conducted on 9 March 2017 for about 35 minutes. The first cycle started on 18 April 2017, while the second one was on 24 April 2017. It was found that there was an increasing trend after the implementation. The analysis proccess generated data as followed: during pilot study, eight students succeeded to reach the standard indicator with percentage of 25%. Cycle I generated 15 students with learning completion percentage of 46.8.%. And, during second cycle, there were 27 students who succeeded in reaching completion standard with completion percentage of 84.3%.
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Schwaderer, Karen A., Julian W. Proctor, Elaine F. Martz, Robert J. Slack, and Edmund Ricci. "Evaluation of Patient Navigation in a Community Radiation Oncology Center Involved in Disparities Studies: A Time-to- Completion-of-Treatment Study." Journal of Oncology Practice 4, no. 5 (2008): 220–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jop.0852001.
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Purpose: To evaluate whether data on length of time from patient referral to treatment completion, collected routinely as part of a quality improvement program, can be used to measure the effectiveness of a patient navigator program. Patients and Methods: During a calendar year, 72 disparities patients, 38 of whom received navigator services, and a group of 157 nondisparate, un-navigated patients received external beam radiation therapy at a community center. Data from referral time through completion of treatment, which had been collected routinely under an existing continuous quality improvement program, were compared retrospectively, as well as missed treatments and the percentage of planned treatments completed, for three patient groups. Results: The average number of days from referral to consult and from consult to start of treatment were lower for the navigated disparate group (6.66 and 14.56 days, respectively) than un-navigated groups (disparate: 7.37 and 15.97 days; non-disparate: 8.97 and 16.24 days, respectively). The percentage of patients completing treatment was lower for the navigated group (85%) than the un-navigated groups (95% and 97%), despite equivalent treatment percentage completion rates for all groups (97.0% to 98.8%). The navigated group missed more treatment days (1.86 days/patient) than the un-navigated disparate group (0.47 days/patient) or the non-disparate group (0.83 days/patient.) Conclusion: Some statistically insignificant differences were noted in favor of patient navigation (PN) but the significance is unclear because of the large data spread and the small numbers of patients. Given that the study was retrospective, it is also unclear whether these differences were influenced by the patient navigator. Repeat studies using the same data elements will provide a better platform for assessing whether such data can provide a measure of the effectiveness of PN in the radiation oncology setting. Given that the patients were not observed routinely by the navigator after the start of treatment unless a particular barrier was identified, there is an opportunity to assess whether interventions by the navigator could improve treatment completion rates and reduce the number of missed treatments.
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Subagja, Riki, and Didit Pradipto. "Analisis Penerapan Pengakuan Pendapatan Kontrak Konstruksi Berdasarkan PSAK 34." Jurnal Ilmiah Akuntansi Kesatuan 7, no. 3 (2019): 391–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.37641/jiakes.v7i3.298.
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This study aims to analyze the implementation of contract revenue recognition based on PSAK 34. The problem that is often faced by companies that are particularly engaged in the field of construction services in the recognition of income is the method of revenue recognition what should be used or applied, because there are differences in recognition between the one method with others. Especially if a project is done is more than a year or the so-called Long-term project. In addition, the presentation of financial statements of income recognition in each accounting period must be reported in accordance with generally accepted Accounting Standards (PSAK No. 34 concerning Construction Contracts). There is only one method used or applied that is the percentage completion method. The percentage method recognizes income with two approaches, based on physical progress and cost-to-cost. PT X as a construction service company uses the percentage of completion method with a physical progress approach (Physical progress) in the recognition of his opinion for both long-term contract and short-term contract. The results of this study conclude that the accounting treatment of the application of revenue recognition of construction services by using the percentage of completion method with physical progress approach on PT X is in conformity with the accounting standards set in PSAK No. 34. However, when compared to revenue recognition using the percentage of completion method with a cost-to-cost approach the firm can recognize the revenue and expenses more to illustrate or show a more proportional calculation because it corresponds to the costs incurred or poured out.
 
 Keywords: revenue recognition, expense recognition, PSAK no. 34
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Completion percentage"
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Passingham, Alexa L. "The Relationship between Pass Completion Percentage and Perceived Player Workload in NCAA Division I Women's Soccer." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2015. https://dc.etsu.edu/honors/307.
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In an attempt to demonstrate the interconnecting nature of the pillars of sport (Hacker, 2000) this thesis explores the relationship between physical, psychological and technical variables. Five National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I Women’s Soccer players were analyzed in four conference matches. The athlete's rate of perceived exertion (RPE) values were correlated to pass completion percentages (PC%) to investigate the potential effect that psychological satisfaction or dissatisfaction of technical performance has on perceived exertion ratings. PlayerLoadTM (PL) values, gathered through the utilization of a Catapult Minimax S4 GPS device (miniMax-10 Hz, Catapult Innovations, Melbourne, Australia), were used as a measure of actual workload in order to determine the accuracy of perceived exertion ratings. Results exhibited a trivial correlation (r = 0.028) and large variability (R2 = 0.00077) between RPE and PC% in comparison to PL and PC% (r = 0.50; R2 = 0.2502). The results indicate that an athlete's PC% does not correspond to how physically demanding they perceived a match to be. However, it is possible that performance variables may influence the RPE ratings a player provides.
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Dannelind, Susanne, and Annica Rosberg. "Den successiva vinstavräkningen : Ger den successiva vinstavräkningen en rättvisade bild av företagets resultat och ställning?" Thesis, Södertörn University College, School of Business Studies, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-650.
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<p>Senaste årens ökade internationalisering har gjort att antalet stora multinationella företag och koncerner ökat. Följden har blivit ett ökat behov av att kunna göra jämförbara tolkningar av finansiella rapporter för bolag i olika länder. Detta har lett till införandet av internationella redovisningsstandarder (IFRS/IAS), som gäller även för svenska koncerner från och med 2005. Då länderna historiskt haft olika värderingsprinciper finns risk för konflikt mellan det som varit traditionellt i Sverige, d.v.s. en mer försiktighetsinriktad syn på redovisningen, och matchnings-principen som är aktuell för dagens fokus på redovisning till verkligt värde. Problemfrågan är om de större verkstadsindustribolagen har en mer försiktighetsinriktad syn vid sin successiva vinst-avräkning. Stödjer metoden bolagen att visa en rättvisande bild av dess resultat och ställning? Syftet med uppsatsen har varit att söka svaret på vilken av försiktighets- eller matchnings-principen som väger tyngst för utvalda bolag när de gör successiv vinstavräkning. Motsvarar det kapitalmarknadens intresse med vinstavräkning till verkligt värde? För att söka svaren har strategin varit att göra en fallstudie där ett antal intervjuer gjorts med två bolag inom verkstadsindustribranschen. Då antalet direkta källor är begränsade bör inga generaliseringar göras av redovisat resultat. Uppsatsen baserar sig på redovisningsteorierna försiktighets- och matchningsprincipen samt den successiva vinstavräkningsmetoden. Försiktighetsprincipen innebär bl.a. att vinster inte ska tas upp förrän de har realiserats. Matchningsprincipen däremot innebär att intäkter och kostnader ska matchas och redovisas i samma period. Sistnämnda principen stödjer den successiva vinst-avräkningen som har till syfte att lyfta fram intäkter och kostnader i proportion till färdigställandet av varan/tjänsten. Sammantaget anser intervjuade bolag att den successiva vinstavräkningen hjälper dem att visa en rättvisande bild av bolagets resultat och ställning. Det framgår att koncernen, som det ena bolaget verkar i, historiskt haft en tradition att vara försiktiga. Analysen här är att försiktighetsprincipen fortfarande väger tyngst och att införandet av nya standarder antas först då det kulturella arvet mognat och hunnit ifatt. Men då omsättning endast till mindre del består av kundorders som avräknas successivt ger den totala externredovisning en rättvisande bild av bolaget. Slutsatser för det andra bolaget är att de tydligare använder matchningsprincipen vid värderingar för successiva vinstavräkningen. Tolkningen är att koncernen under en längre tid använt US-GAAP, vilka de internationella standarderna baseras på. Det medför att de redan värderar till verkligt värde och tillfredsställer därmed de privata kapitalmarknadsplacerarna.</p>
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Jančíková, Hana. "Smlouvy o zhotovení ve světově uznávaných účetních systémech." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-76659.
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This work focuses on construction contracts under IFRS and US GAAP. The objective of this work is to outline the basic principles of accounting treatment of revenue and costs associated with construction contracts and presentation of such contracts in financial statements. Practical part of this work evaluates information on construction contracts in annual reports of companies reporting in compliance with IFRS.
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Almeida, Ricardo Jorge Nunes de. "O impacto da incerteza na medição do progresso em earned value analysis." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/18078.
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Mestrado em Gestão de Projetos<br>Em Earned Value Analysis, o Earned Value de uma atividade (ou conta de controlo) resulta do produto do Planned Value pelo Percent Complete. Assim, o erro associado ao valor do Earned Value pode resultar da incerteza de qualquer um daqueles valores. O presente estudo pretende avaliar o erro na determinação do Earned Value, e o seu impacto nas métricas de Earned Value Analysis, com uma análise ceteris paribus do Percent Complete.<br>In Earned Value Analysis, the Earned Value of an activity (or control account) results from the product of the Planned Value by the Percent Complete. Thus, the error associated with the Earned Value may result from the uncertainty in any of those values. The present study intends to evaluate the error in the Earned Value, and its impact on the Earned Value Analysis metrics, with a ceteris paribus analysis of the Percent Complete.<br>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
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Procházková, Lenka. "Uznávání výnosů ze smluv o zhotovení ve světle změn IFRS." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-359732.
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The aim of this diploma thesis is revenue recognition in the financial statements of companies prepared in accordance with the rules of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) in the light of current changes. The work is specifically focused on long-term construction contracts and its goal is assess the difference outgoing (IAS 11) and the incoming (IFRS 15) revenue regulation and the subsequent impact to the financial statements of companies. After a theoretical analysis of the relevant standards, work deals with the analysis of specific construction contract and continuously arising circumstances. The analysis also outlines the application of the new revenue recognition model. Ultimately, thesis deduces the difficulties of the implementation process of the new standard in companies. The results show that the upcoming adjustment of revenue recognition may not bring significant changes to the specific numerical values, rather as a completely new view of revenue recognition.
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Nilsson, Johanna, and Viktor Pihl. "Intäktsredovisning för pågående arbeten : En kvalitativ studie av bygg- och konsultverksamheter." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Företagsekonomi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-36714.
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Revenue accounting is a complex area of accounting with a lot of freedom for companies to adapt their accounting structures after its own needs. Depending on what the company in question regards as the purpose of a financial statement and how important that purpose is regarded the accounting structure will differ between companies. This study aims to examine which factors affect the structure of companies’ revenue accounting structure for continuing production. The purpose is to show how intricate balancing the different properties, principles and goals that are desired within revenue accounting for continuing production can be. The study was performed with a qualitative method and used semi-structured interviews regarding revenue accounting with the chief financial officers at seven different companies in the construction and consulting sector located within the Stockholm area. These interviews were later analyzed by means of accounting theories and research articles. The study concluded that the most crucial factor determining companies’ revenue accounting structure was accurate accounting both for internal and external use. Furthermore taxes, concern restriction or qualitative accounting properties had no effect. The elemental account principles could be seen to have had a certain influence. It could also be concluded that many companies prioritized a smooth revenue stream when deciding how to design their revenue accounting.
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Mařasová, Lucie. "Stavební smlouvy - způsoby jejich zachycení v účetnictví." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-4936.
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This thesis is concerned with accounting for construction contracts in the accounting records of a contractor. The first chapter is focused on accounting for construction contracts according to IAS 11 -- Construction contracts and contains also a brief description of interpretations IFRIC 12 and IFRIC 15, which are connected with IAS 11. Next chapter describes accounting for construction contracts according to the US GAAP. One chapter is also dedicated to the requirements of Czech accounting legislature that Czech contractors have to take into account when accounting for construction contracts. Last chapter is conceived as a case study which was prepared in order to determine how construction companies -- concretely three European and three American construction companies -- deal with construction contracts in practice.
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Hansen, Malin, and Sofia Westerlund. "Vad är problemet? : – En studie kring intäktsredovisning i IT-konsultföretag." Thesis, Mälardalen University, School of Sustainable Development of Society and Technology, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-6471.
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<p></p><p><strong>Title: </strong>What´s the problem? - A study of revenue recognition in IT-consultant companies</p><p><strong>Problem: </strong>How do the chosen IT-consultant companies recognize their revenues? What difficulties do the interviewed companies experience in connection with the revenue recognition?</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The purpose of this empirical study is to study how companies in the IT-consultant industry recognize revenues, and to investigate if the companies perceive any difficulties in connection with the revenue recognition. The aim of the study is to give useful advice and guidelines to companies in the IT-consultant business based on the extracted result.</p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The survey took place in Vasteras<strong> </strong>and started with a preliminary interview with a certified accountant, who had great knowledge of the subject revenue recognition. Then seven companies from the IT-consultant industry were selected, whereof two took part in semi constructed interviews. Study of the other five companies’ ways to recognize revenue was made through their annual reports. <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>One of the studied companies recognizes their revenues according to the rules in IAS 18, which is because it is listed on the stock exchange. The other companies uses BFNAR 2003:3, none of the studied objects administer RR 11. The most obvious difficulty that have been discovered is the situation where a service covers more than one accounting periods. The question then is; when should revenue be recognized?</p><p>Our advice to newly established companies is; choose the framework most suitable for the business, recognize revenues in the period they occur, design an efficient model, recruit “the right person for the right job”.</p><p> </p><br><p><p><strong>Titel:</strong> Vad är problemet? – En studie kring intäktsredovisning i IT-konsultföretag</p><p><strong>Problem: </strong>Hur redovisar de valda IT-konsultföretagen sina intäkter? Vilka svårigheter upplever de valda IT-konsultföretagen i samband med intäktsredovisningen?</p><p> </p><p><strong>Syfte:</strong> Syftet med denna empiriska studie är att undersöka hur företag i IT-konsultbranschen redovisar uppkomna intäkter, samt att utreda om företagen upplever några svårigheter i samband med intäktsredovisningen. Målet med studien är att med det utvunna resultatet ge användbara tips och råd angående intäktsredovisning till företag inom IT-konsultbranschen.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Metod: </strong>Undersökningen genomfördes i Västerås och inleddes med en förberedande intervju med en auktoriserad revisor, väl insatt i ämnet intäktsredovisning. Därefter valdes sju företag från IT-konsultbranschen ut, varav två av dem fick delta i semistrukturerade intervjuer. Granskning av de andra fem företagens intäktsredovisningar gjordes med hjälp av årsredovisningar. <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Slutsats: </strong>Under genomförd undersökning har det framkommit att ett företag redovisar sina intäkter enligt IAS 18 till följd av att det är börsnoterat och samtliga av de övriga bolagen utnyttjar BFNAR 2003:3. Inget av bolagen använder sig alltså av RR 11. Den mest påtagliga svårigheten som framkommit uppstår då en tjänst stäcker sig över flera redovisningsperioder; när ska då intäkt redovisas?</p><p>Våra tips och råd till nystartade IT-konsultföretag blir därmed att välja det ramverk bäst lämpat för verksamheten, vinstavräkna successivt vid behov, konstruera en effektiv kalkylmodell, rekrytera ”rätt person till rätt plats”.</p></p>
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-Cheng, Shiang, and 吳祥呈. "The Effects of Percentage of Project Completion and Percentage of Sunk cost on Escalation of Commitment." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/64924897664295400361.
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碩士<br>雲林科技大學<br>會計系研究所<br>98<br>This study examine the effects of percentage of project completion and percentage of sunk cost on escalation of commitment . The main objective of this research is to investigate whether people who can use incremental approach to make a right decision. There were two experiments in this study. The experimental groups followed a 2 levels of percentage of sunk cost (10% vs 90%) × 2 levels of percentage of project completion (10% vs 90%).
The results show that among the three variables, Percentage of Project Completion and Percentage of Sunk cost had significant effects on escalation of commitment. That is , whether the amount of investment profits or losses , the higher the perectage of project completion or percentage of sunk cost , the higher degree of the escalation of commitment is. The estimation of profit that be ignored in before research has significant effects on escalation of commitment .
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Wang, Shu-Jung, and 王淑蓉. "The Effect of Managerial Accounting Knowledge, Decision Risk and Percentage of Project Completion on Escalation of Commitment." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/76267104743187975957.
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碩士<br>雲林科技大學<br>會計系研究所<br>97<br>Escalation of commitment refers to the phenomenon whereby, in the face of negative consequences, decision-makers increase resource commitment and risk further losses (Staw, 1976). The subjects are the college students of accounting department and non- accounting department. The experimental groups followed a 2 levels of managerial accounting knowledge (sunk cost knowledge vs. no sunk cost knowledge) × 3 levels of percentage of project completion (10% vs. 50% vs. 90%) × 2 levels of decision risk (high vs. low) between-subjects design. This thesis examines the effect of managerial accounting knowledge, decision risk and percentage of project completion on escalation of commitment, which enhances the understanding of resources allocation behaviors. Furthermore, it could help decision makers not only to reduce bias but also to reach higher quality in decision making.
The results showed that among the three variables, only percentage of project completion has significant effects on escalation of commitment. Besides, the higher the percentage of project completion, the higher degree of the escalation of commitment is. However, when taking the amount of investment profits or losses into considerations, the effect of percentage of project completion on escalation of commitment decreases. Therefore, percentage of project completion and the amount of investment profits or losses have significant effects on escalation of commitment.
Book chapters on the topic "Completion percentage"
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"Computing Income Earned Under the Percentage-of-Completion Method." In Construction Contractors. American Institute of Certified Public Accountants, Inc., 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119480310.app5.
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"Computing Income Earned Under the Percentage-of-Completion Method." In Audit and Accounting Guide. American Institute of Certified Public Accountants, Inc., 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119557630.app5.
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"4 Die Percentage of Completion-Methode als Instrument der Teilgewinnrealisierung." In Teilgewinnrealisierung bei Auftragsfertigung. Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783486795226-006.
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Garg, Meenakshi, Amandeep Kaur, and Gaurav Dhiman. "A Novel Resource Allocation and Scheduling Based on Priority Using Metaheuristic for Cloud Computing Environment." In Impacts and Challenges of Cloud Business Intelligence. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-5040-3.ch008.
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In cloud computing systems, current works do not challenge the database failure rates and recovery techniques. In this chapter, priority-based resource allocation and scheduling technique is proposed by using the metaheuristic optimization approach spotted hyena optimizer (SHO). Initially, the emperor penguins predict the workload of user server and resource requirements. The expected completion time of each server is estimated with this predicted workload. Then the resources activities are classified based on the criteria of the deadline and the asset. Further, the employed servers are classified based on the workload and the estimated completed time. The proposed approach is compared with existing resource utilization techniques in terms of percentage of resource allocation, missed deadlines, and average server workload.
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Carter, Lemuria D., and Ludwig Christian Schaupp. "E-File Adoption." In Handbook of Research on ICT-Enabled Transformational Government. IGI Global, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-60566-390-6.ch023.
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In the United States (U.S.), Congress has set ambitious goals for the diffusion of several e-government initiatives. One of congress’ recent goals was to significantly increase the percentage of tax and informational returns filed electronically. This chapter proposes a model of e-file adoption that integrates diffusion of innovation theory, online trust, and e-government experience into a comprehensive view of e-file acceptance. To test the model we administered a survey to 260 graduate and undergraduate students. The results of multiple linear regression analysis indicate that the proposed model explains 76% of the variance in intention to use an e-file system. Relative advantage, compatibility, trust of the government, trust of the Internet, e-filing in the past year, and previous completion of an e-government transaction all had a positive impact on e-file adoption. Implications for practice and research are discussed.
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Fuqua, John S., and Alan D. Rogol. "Delayed puberty and hypogonadism." In Oxford Textbook of Endocrinology and Diabetes. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199235292.003.7100.
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Puberty may be defined as the physiological process resulting in the attainment of sexual maturity and reproductive capacity. Puberty is an integral component of the evaluation and treatment of endocrine disorders in children and adolescents. Not only does it impact on sexual maturation, but it has other effects with lifelong consequences, including linear growth, changes in body composition, and skeletal mineralization. Patients with disorders of puberty, including precocious and delayed puberty, make up a large percentage of the children and adolescents who consult paediatric endocrinologists. An understanding of delayed or absent puberty requires a foundation in the normal processes regulating the onset of puberty, and factors essential for its progression and completion. In this chapter, we will first review the mechanisms of normal growth and puberty, particularly with regard to their interdependence. We shall then discuss the differential diagnosis of delayed or absent puberty, and present diagnostic algorithms for hypergonadotropic and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, emphasizing some gender-specific aspects.
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Smith, Ronnie W., and D. Richard Hipp. "Experimental Results." In Spoken Natural Language Dialog Systems. Oxford University Press, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195091878.003.0009.
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One of the main goals of this research was to develop a computational model that could be implemented and tested. Testing could serve at least two purposes: (1) Demonstrate the viability of the Missing Axiom Theory for dialog processing; and (2) Determine the ways that varying levels of dialog control influence the interaction between user and computer. Consequently, an experiment involving use of the system was constructed to test the effects of different levels of dialog control. The format and results of this experiment are reported in this chapter. The following hypotheses are proposed as performance differences by users as they gain experience and have the initiative. • Task completion time will decrease. • The number of utterances per dialog will decrease. • The percentage of “non-trivial” utterances will increase (a nontrivial utterance is any utterance longer than one word). • The average length of a non-trivial utterance will increase. • The rate of speech (number of utterances per minute) will decrease. These hypotheses are consistent with the intuition that as the user has more initiative, the user will put more thought into the process, reducing the rate of interaction. In addition, it is expected that when the user has more initiative, there would be an attempt to convey more detailed information in each non-trivial utterance. Finally, it is also believed that increased user initiative will be more helpful when the user gains experience and has more knowledge about performing the task independent of computer guidance. Two graduate students in computer science volunteered to use the system. Each subject received about 75 minutes of training on the speech recognizer with the 125 word vocabulary. The subjects then participated in three sessions on differing days. Each session consisted of four different problems where each problem consisted of a single missing wire. The results from these subjects tended to support our hypotheses. However, the experimental control for this testing was not well-defined. The two subjects are involved in AI and NL research and consequently have strong preconceptions about NL systems and what constitutes “proper” behavior toward such systems.
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Baker, Joseph O., Jonathan P. Hill, and Nathaniel D. Porter. "Assessing Measures of Religion and Secularity with Crowdsourced Data from Amazon’s Mechanical Turk." In Faithful Measures. NYU Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9781479875214.003.0005.
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This chapter examines Amazon’s Mechanical Turk (MTurk), a crowdsourcing pool of potential participants for completing online tasks, as a resource for gathering novel data on religiosity and secularity (or other topics). MTurk provides an easily accessible, cost-efficient option for piloting new measures and conducting split-ballot experiments to assess measurement effects. The authors use MTurk data to evaluate measures of religious identity, demonstrating how question format can influence the percentage of respondents classified as religiously affiliated. They also use new measures to provide descriptive and analytical information on the rationales individuals give for being either religious or secular across different religious traditions and types of secularity. They conclude by outlining the opportunities and limitations of crowdsourcing data for exploring issues of measurement—as well as substantive areas of inquiry—in religion and beyond.
Conference papers on the topic "Completion percentage"
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Gill, Amaninder Singh, and Joshua D. Summers. "Impact of Chaining Method and Level of Completion on Accuracy of Function Structure-Based Market Price Prediction Models." In ASME 2017 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2017-68451.
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The goal of this paper is to explore how different modeling approaches to construct function structure models and different levels of model completion affect the information contained within the respective models. Specifically, the models are used to predict market prices of products. These predictions are compared based on their accuracy and precision. This work is based on previous studies on understanding how function modeling is done and how topological information from design graphs can be used to predict information with historical training. It was found that forward chaining was the least favorable chaining type irrespective of the level of completion. Backward chaining models work relatively better across all completion percentages, while Nucleation models don’t perform as well for a higher completion percentage. Hence, a greater attention is needed to understand and employ the methods yielding the most accuracy.
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Majdandzˇic´, Niko, Slavko Sebastijanovic´, Gordana Maticˇevic´, and Nebojsˇa Sebastijanovic´. "A Model for Shortening the Length of Activities in Construction and Overhaul Planning: UPROB." In 10th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone10-22239.
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This paper presents a mathematical model of the UPROB (planning system for construction and overhaul) system that was developed for tank assembly lines, construction of thermal energy structures, and for performing an overhaul in complex plants. Planning technology includes utilizing linear diagrams with a direct usage of input data from a plant’s database. A model has been developed to determine the critical path and also, to define steps for the most economical shortening of the entire plan. Several plan variations are developed (according to specified goals) and the management determines the optimal variation. After selecting a plan, it is possible to control and create work orders for individual tasks in certain activities. Task completion percentage, activity cost, and the total cost of the plan are also provided.
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"A Project Management Perspective of PhD Supervision Process – Towards Effective and Efficient Model [Abstract]." In InSITE 2019: Informing Science + IT Education Conferences: Jerusalem. Informing Science Institute, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/4349.
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Aim/Purpose: Continuing low percentage of on-time-completion of doctoral studies suggest the exploration of new approaches to the process is desirable. Background: PhD studies may be viewed as a project- it is a temporary endeavor undertaken to create a unique product. Project management practices have proven to be helpful in numerous domains. Methodology: Process analysis method will be applied, using: 1) semi-structured interviews with supervisors and supervisee, 2) data gathered by the school of advance graduate studies in higher education institute. Contribution: The research will explore the appropriated measurable indicators of successful PhD and identify project management practices that promote better process and outcomes of PhD studies. Impact on Society: Better and more efficient process will support lower individual and national spending on doctoral studies Future Research: Further research should explore relevance of the findings in various settings (characteristics of the supervisor and supervisee, higher education system etc.)
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Gupta, Kushal, Salim Abdalla Al Ali, Jeughale Ramanujan, and Tetsuro Takanishi. "Improving 4-1/2" Liner Deploy Ability in 6" Horizontal Hole with Utilization of Improved Characteristics Brines and Friction Reduction Devices." In SPE/IADC Middle East Drilling Technology Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/202090-ms.
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Abstract A large operator of a brown field offshore in the middle east has decided to provide full lower Completion accessibility and ensure prevention of open hole collapse as it can lead to various gains throughout the life of the well. Among those benefits, it provides a consolidated well bore for various production logging & stimulation tools to be deployed effectively, as well as full accessibility, conformance control and enable to provide production allocations for each zones. However there are multiple challenges in deploying lower completion liner in drains involving multiple reservoirs and geo steered wells: Well Bore Geometry, dog legs/ tortuosity etc. & differential sticking possibilities and of course the open hole friction. Due to the size of the open hole, restricted casing design and utilization of limited OD pipes further add to the complications of deploying the Lower completion liner in such brown Field wells. This paper intend to review the multi-step methodology approach implemented in recent years by the company to effectively deploy 4-1/2" Liner in 6" Horizontal Open Hole section. Among the techniques used to assist successful deployment of lower completions are: Improving hole cleaning, ensure smooth well bore with the use of directional drilling BHA, reduction of the Open Hole friction by utilizing Lubricated brines, fit for purpose Centralizers, use of drill pipe swivel devices to increase weight available to push the liner & reduce buckling tendency. With the length of open hole laterals reaching up to 10,000 ft for 6" Lower drains, open hole drag, friction & cleanliness are major components that causes challenges in deploying the Liner till TD. The use of specially formulated brines with fixed percentage of lubricants proved to significant reduce friction compared to the drilling mud used for drilling the horizontal drain. The combination of low friction brine with proper centralization / standoff which resulted in reduced contact area with the formation has also shown good results in preventing differentials sticking while running the liner through multilayer reservoirs having significantly different reservoir pressures. Another major constrain to deploy the lower completion liner in this offshore field is the very nature of the wells being primarily workover. This involves generally Tie back liners run to shallow depths to restore the integrity of wells. This limits our ability in the selection of drill pipe that can be used as only smaller OD drill pipes and HWDP can be utilized in order to deploy the Liner to bottom. On many occasions this provides only limited weight to push the Liner down to TD and impact our ability to set the liner top packer. Drill pipe rotating swivel devices have been utilized to improve our weight availability & transferability to push the liner down and to set the liner top packers. In order to provide independent deactivation mechanism for the drill pipe swivel and to have complete success in our liner deployments, a dedicated ball activated sub was designed to deactivate the swivel acting as back up in case primary deactivation methods fails during liner setting. The combined use of all these techniques enabled the company to deploy 4.5" Liners in 6" Horizontal drains with high success in this offshore Brown Oil field of UAE. This resulted in better well construction and complete access to lower drains over the life of the wells.
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de Ridder, Hennes A. J. "The Top Down Risk Management System of the Offshore Operations of the Ekofisk Protective Barrier." In ASME 2002 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2002-32451.
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The Ekofisk Field in the centre of the North Sea is a very important junction in the oil producing and transporting North Sea network. In 1987, the wave loads on the Ekofisk Installations had become unacceptable, due to a significant seabed subsidence. In order to cope with the increased wave loads, it was decided to build a Protective Barrier around the central Ekofisk Storage Tank. This barrier was to be installed in two separate half units, which were to be brought to the Ekofisk Field in floating condition. After installation, the two halves were to be structurally connected. The paper deals with the overall risk management of the total offshore operations, including tow-out, installation, coupling and completion. The operations were governed by conflicting requirements with respect to relevant aspects like stability, strength, stiffness, weight, geometry and were perceived to be extremely risky due to the marginal resistance against the expected load cases. The operations were weather dependent, thus dominated by changing stochastic boundary conditions. Most of the processes were irreversible, non-linear, and determined by a large number of variables. A top down risk management system was developed for control purposes. The system provided a continuous insight right from the very start of the project till the end of the project in the percentage of failure in the most relevant failure modes as a function of tow out date. The system allowed for strategic, tactical and operational interventions in case critical criteria were exceeded. This in particular makes that the approach—even 10 years after completion of the project—is still a new development in risk management and an interesting basis of further research on control of the design, construction and installation of complex Civil Engineering and other Systems.
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Patrick, Charles W., and William F. Newell. "Understanding Welding Cost: Using Flux-Cored Arc Welding (FCAW) for Cost Reduction and Productivity Improvement." In ASME 2014 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2014-28084.
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Welding is often listed as a production operation that companies would like to reduce overall cost and improve productivity; however, most companies merely implement cost reduction programs focused on lowering welding consumable costs. Though significant and important, these associated material costs typically represent only a small percentage to the total cost, i.e., 10 to 20% (welding consumables 8 to 15% and power and equipment 2 to 5%) of the overall welding cost in a typical U.S. welding operation. To further reduce welding costs, companies need to look further. Since labor and overhead, which relates directly to productivity, represents approximately 80 to 85% of the overall cost of any given welding operation they also offer the greatest opportunities for significant cost reduction. Simply changing from Shielded Metal-Arc Welding (SMAW) to Flux-Cored Arc Welding (FCAW) can reduce labor cost and increase productivity. Due to the increased deposition efficiency and operating factor of FCAW the weld deposition rate increases thus translating into increased productivity. The increase in productivity, in turn, reduces labor cost by reducing the man-hours required for the completion of any given weld. An added benefit gained by using FCAW is that it also significantly reduces the skill level required by the welder to produce welds of equal quality. When all of these benefits are combined FCAW yields significant cost savings opportunities by reducing labor and simultaneously improving productivity.
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Effiong, Augustine James, Joseph Okon Etim, and Anietie Ndarake Okon. "Artificial Intelligence Model for Predicting Formation Damage in Oil and Gas Wells." In SPE Nigeria Annual International Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/207129-ms.
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Abstract An artificial neural network (ANN) was developed to predict skin, a formation damage parameter in oil and gas drilling, well completion and production operations. Four performance metrics: goodness of fit (R2), mean square error (MSE), root mean square error (RMSE), average absolute percentage relative error (AAPRE), was used to check the performance of the developed model. The results obtained indicate that the model had an overall MSE of 355.343, RMSE of 18.850, AAPRE of 4.090 and an R2 of 0.9978. All the predictions agreed with the measured result. The generalization capacity of the developed ANN model was assessed using 500 randomly generated datasets that were not part of the model training process. The results obtained indicate that the developed model predicted 97% of these new datasets with an MSE of 375.021, RMSE of 19.370, AAPRE of 6.090 and R2 of 0.9731, while Standing (1970) equation resulted in R2of −0.807, MSE of 9.34×1016, AAPRE of 3.10×106 and RMSE of 4.10×105. The relative importance analysis of the model input parameters showed that the flow rates (q), permeability (k), porosity (φ) and pressure drop (Δp) had a significant impact on the skin (S) values estimated from the downhole. Thus, the developed model if embedded in a downhole (sensing) tool that capture these basic or required reservoir parameters: pressure, flowrate, permeability, viscosity, and thickness, would eliminate the diagnostic approach of estimating skin factor in the petroleum industry.
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Lertliangchai, Thitaree, Birol Dindoruk, Ligang Lu, and Xi Yang. "A Comparative Analysis of the Prediction of Gas Condensate Dew Point Pressure Using Advanced Machine Learning Algorithms." In SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/205997-ms.
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Abstract Dew point pressure (DPP) is a key variable that may be needed to predict the condensate to gas ratio behavior of a reservoir along with some production/completion related issues and calibrate/constrain the EOS models for integrated modeling. However, DPP is a challenging property in terms of its predictability. Recognizing the complexities, we present a state-of-the-art method for DPP prediction using advanced machine learning (ML) techniques. We compare the outcomes of our methodology with that of published empirical correlation-based approaches on two datasets with small sizes and different inputs. Our ML method noticeably outperforms the correlation-based predictors while also showing its flexibility and robustness even with small training datasets provided various classes of fluids are represented within the datasets. We have collected the condensate PVT data from public domain resources and GeoMark RFDBASE containing dew point pressure (the target variable), and the compositional data (mole percentage of each component), temperature, molecular weight (MW), MW and specific gravity (SG) of heptane plus as input variables. Using domain knowledge, before embarking the study, we have extensively checked the measurement quality and the outcomes using statistical techniques. We then apply advanced ML techniques to train predictive models with cross-validation to avoid overfitting the models to the small datasets. We compare our models against the best published DDP predictors with empirical correlation-based techniques. For fair comparisons, the correlation-based predictors are also trained using the underlying datasets. In order to improve the outcomes and using the generalized input data, pseudo-critical properties and artificial proxy features are also employed.
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Abdelfattah, Tarik, Ehsaan Nasir, Junjie Yang, et al. "Data Driven Workflow to Optimize Eagle Ford Unconventional Asset Development Plan Based on Multidisciplinary Data." In SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/206276-ms.
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Abstract Unconventional reservoir development is a multidisciplinary challenge due to complicated physical system, including but not limited to complicated flow mechanism, multiple porosity system, heterogeneous subsurface rock and minerals, well interference, and fluid-rock interaction. With enough well data, physics-based models can be supplemented with data driven methods to describe a reservoir system and accurately predict well performance. This study uses a data driven approach to tackle the field development problem in the Eagle Ford Shale. A large amount of data spanning major oil and gas disciplines was collected and interrogated from around 300 wells in the area of interest. The data driven workflow consists of: Descriptive model to regress on existing wells with the selected well features and provide insight on feature importance, Predictive model to forecast well performance, and Subject matter expert driven prescriptive model to optimize future well design for well economics improvement. To evaluate initial well economics, 365 consecutive days of production oil per CAPEX dollar spent (bbl/$) was setup as the objective function. After a careful model selection, Random Forest (RF) shows the best accuracy with the given dataset, and Differential Evolution (DE) was used for optimization. Using recursive feature elimination (RFE), the final master dataset was reduced to 50 parameters to feed into the machine learning model. After hyperparameter tuning, reasonable regression accuracy was achieved by the Random Forest algorithm, where correlation coefficient (R2) for the training and test dataset was 0.83, and mean absolute error percentage (MAEP) was less than 20%. The model also reveals that the well performance is highly dependent on a good combination of variables spanning geology, drilling, completions, production and reservoir. Completion year has one of the highest feature importance, indicating the improvement of operation and design efficiency and the fluctuation of service cost. Moreover, lateral rate of penetration (ROP) was always amongst the top two important parameters most likely because it impacts the drilling cost significantly. With subject matter experts’ (SME) input, optimization using the regression model was performed in an iterative manner with the chosen parameters and using reasonable upper and lower bounds. Compared to the best existing wells in the vicinity, the optimized well design shows a potential improvement on bbl/$ by approximately 38%. This paper introduces an integrated data driven solution to optimize unconventional development strategy. Comparing to conventional analytical and numerical methods, machine learning model is able to handle large multidimensional dataset and provide actionable recommendations with a much faster turnaround. In the course of field development, the model accuracy can be dynamically improved by including more data collected from new wells.
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Kim, Tae-Hoon, Oe-Ju Hwang, and Yeong-Tae Oh. "Comparative Study on Fatigue Life of Drillship Operating for GoM and Brazil Sectors Based on Spectral Fatigue Analysis." In ASME 2013 32nd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2013-10593.
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A drillship is an exceptional vessel to be capable of drilling of new oil or gas wells, and carrying out maintenance or completion work in deep water. The drillship also has ability to take aboard much more variable loads and save the time of sailing between oil fields worldwide than Semi-submersible rig. Sometimes, it is required from design specifications that a drillship is to be designed to be satisfactory to several fields at the same time to maximize such advantages. This paper describes results of the comparative study on fatigue life of a drillship, which was developed by DSME, operating for both GoM (Gulf of Mexico) and Brazil sectors. It was assumed in the calculation that the drillship spends 80% of her life in On-site (GoM and/or Brazil sector) and other percentage in transit condition. Screening works for choosing fatigue sensitive locations such as moon pool corners, discontinuous areas, topside module foundations, etc., were performed referring to the local strength analysis. A whole ship model along with every topside module was generated and the very fine meshes with thickness by thickness as per DNV RP-C203 were embedded therein. Stress RAOs of critical hotspot locations of the drillship were directly obtained through its motions from 3D potential-theory-based analysis, i.e. DNV WADAM. In the analysis, wave scatter diagrams given by BMT were used. As results of the study, it was found that Brazil sector gives comparatively worse results to the drillship in terms of fatigue endurance and finally, Brazil sector was decided in calculating fatigue lives of the drillship as a representative sea state. The fatigue life was computated based on spectral fatigue analysis by means of DSME’s in-hose tool (i.e. D-SFAS, DSME Spectral Fatigue Analysis System).
Reports on the topic "Completion percentage"
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Busso, Matías, Julian P. Cristia, and Sarah D. Humpage. Research Insights: Can Reminders Boost Vaccination Rates? Inter-American Development Bank, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0001935.
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While families in rural Guatemala recognize the value of vaccination and mostly vaccinate their children at early ages, they often fail to follow through with the course of treatment, drastically reducing the probability of immunization. To encourage members of underserved communities to complete the vaccination cycle, community health workers were given monthly lists of children due for vaccination at the clinic, enabling them to send timely reminders to families. Reminders increased the likelihood that children completed their vaccination treatment by 2.2 percentage points in the treatment communities. For children in treatment communities who were due to receive a vaccine, and whose parents were expected to be reminded of the due date, the probability of vaccination completion increased by 4.6 percentage points.
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Fehey, Kristina, and Dustin Perkins. Invasive exotic plant monitoring in Capitol Reef National Park: 2019 field season, Scenic Drive and Cathedral Valley Road. Edited by Alice Wondrak Biel. National Park Service, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2286627.
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Invasive exotic plant (IEP) species are a significant threat to natural ecosystem integrity and biodiversity, and controlling them is a high priority for the National Park Service. The North-ern Colorado Plateau Network (NCPN) selected the early detection of IEPs as one of 11 monitoring protocols to be implemented as part of its long-term monitoring program. From May 30 to June 1, 2019, network staff conducted surveys for priority IEP species along the Scenic Drive and Cathedral Valley Road monitoring routes at Capitol Reef National Park. We detected 119 patches of six priority IEP species along 34 kilometers of the two monitor-ing routes. There were more patches of IEPs, and a higher percentage of large patches, than in previous years. This indicates that previously identified infestations have expanded and grown. The most common (47.1%) patch size among priority species was 1,000–2,000 m2 (0.25–0.5 acre). The vast majority (93.2%) of priority patches ranked either low (58.8%) or very low (34.4%) on the patch management index scale. Tamarisk (Tamarix sp., 72 patches) was the most prevalent priority IEP species. African mustard (Malcolmia africana, 32 patch-es), field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis, 9 patches), and Russian olive (Elaeagnus angusti-folia, 3 patches) occurred less commonly. Together, these four species represented 97.5% of all patches recorded in 2019. Four IEP species were found on the monitored routes for the first time: Russian olive (Elaeagnus angustifolia), quackgrass (Elymus repens), Siberian elm (Ulmus pumila), and African mustard (Malcolmia africana, not on the priority species list before 2019). Cathedral Valley Road had higher IEP priority patches per kilometer (5.68) than the Scenic Drive (2.05). IEP species were found on 37.9% (25 of 66) of monitored transects. Almost all these detections were Russian thistle (Salsola sp.). Russian thistle was widespread, present in 33.3% of transects, with an estimated cover of 0.2% across all transects sampled. Across routes monitored in all three rotations (2012, 2015, and 2019), Russian thistle has increased in frequency. However, its frequency remained about the same from 2015 to 2019, and percent cover remains low. Tamarisk and field bindweed have both increased in preva-lence since monitoring began, with tamarisk showing a dramatic increase in the number and size of patches. Immediate control of tamarisk and these other species is recommended to reduce their numbers on these routes. The NCPN plans to Capitol Reef in 2020 to monitor Oak and Pleasant creeks, completing the third rotation of invasive plant monitoring.
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Ruiz, Pablo, Craig Perry, Alejando Garcia, et al. The Everglades National Park and Big Cypress National Preserve vegetation mapping project: Interim report—Northwest Coastal Everglades (Region 4), Everglades National Park (revised with costs). National Park Service, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2279586.
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The Everglades National Park and Big Cypress National Preserve vegetation mapping project is part of the Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan (CERP). It is a cooperative effort between the South Florida Water Management District (SFWMD), the United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), and the National Park Service’s (NPS) Vegetation Mapping Inventory Program (VMI). The goal of this project is to produce a spatially and thematically accurate vegetation map of Everglades National Park and Big Cypress National Preserve prior to the completion of restoration efforts associated with CERP. This spatial product will serve as a record of baseline vegetation conditions for the purpose of: (1) documenting changes to the spatial extent, pattern, and proportion of plant communities within these two federally-managed units as they respond to hydrologic modifications resulting from the implementation of the CERP; and (2) providing vegetation and land-cover information to NPS park managers and scientists for use in park management, resource management, research, and monitoring. This mapping project covers an area of approximately 7,400 square kilometers (1.84 million acres [ac]) and consists of seven mapping regions: four regions in Everglades National Park, Regions 1–4, and three in Big Cypress National Preserve, Regions 5–7. The report focuses on the mapping effort associated with the Northwest Coastal Everglades (NWCE), Region 4 , in Everglades National Park. The NWCE encompasses a total area of 1,278 square kilometers (493.7 square miles [sq mi], or 315,955 ac) and is geographically located to the south of Big Cypress National Preserve, west of Shark River Slough (Region 1), and north of the Southwest Coastal Everglades (Region 3). Photo-interpretation was performed by superimposing a 50 × 50-meter (164 × 164-feet [ft] or 0.25 hectare [0.61 ac]) grid cell vector matrix over stereoscopic, 30 centimeters (11.8 inches) spatial resolution, color-infrared aerial imagery on a digital photogrammetric workstation. Photo-interpreters identified the dominant community in each cell by applying majority-rule algorithms, recognizing community-specific spectral signatures, and referencing an extensive ground-truth database. The dominant vegetation community within each grid cell was classified using a hierarchical classification system developed specifically for this project. Additionally, photo-interpreters categorized the absolute cover of cattail (Typha sp.) and any invasive species detected as either: Sparse (10–49%), Dominant (50–89%), or Monotypic (90–100%). A total of 178 thematic classes were used to map the NWCE. The most common vegetation classes are Mixed Mangrove Forest-Mixed and Transitional Bayhead Shrubland. These two communities accounted for about 10%, each, of the mapping area. Other notable classes include Short Sawgrass Marsh-Dense (8.1% of the map area), Mixed Graminoid Freshwater Marsh (4.7% of the map area), and Black Mangrove Forest (4.5% of the map area). The NWCE vegetation map has a thematic class accuracy of 88.4% with a lower 90th Percentile Confidence Interval of 84.5%.