Academic literature on the topic 'Complex conjunctions'
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Journal articles on the topic "Complex conjunctions"
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Pometelina, Svetlana M. "Linking tools for complex constructions of temporal semantics: functional aspect." Sibirskiy filologicheskiy zhurnal, no. 4 (2021): 289–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/18137083/77/22.
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The paper is devoted to analyzing the temporal means of linking polypredicative constructions of the Russian language in functional aspects. From the standpoint of the functional approach, the linking tools for complex sentences with the value of time perform two functions: causator of time relations and formal indicator of the relationship between predicative units. The bifunctionality of linking tools determines its division into conjunctions, connectives, and functives. The term “functive,” already known in linguistics, acquires a new content: functives are suggested to be combinations of typified lexical elements with conjunctions, acting as conjunctions. The following criteria to distinguish complex conjunctions from their functional analogs were defined: semantic fusion (stability of component composition, idiomatic meaning of unions); structural fusion (singleness of a complex conjunction, inseparability of its components); functional fusion (a complex conjunction simultaneously performs both functions inherent in linking tools). Four types of temporal functives have been identified. The scale of their phraseologicalization was constructed based on the degree of compliance with the criteria of conjunctionality. It has been established that the functives of complex temporal sentences are the closest to conjunctions. The second place on the scale of phraseologization is occupied by functives of constructions with temporal concretizers. The third place goes to the functives of constructions of phraseological structure. The least close to the conjunction status are the functives representing the linking tools in syntactically related constructions.
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GOLTVENYTSKA, Margaryta. "CONJUNCTIVES IN COMPLEX SENTENCES WITH CONFORMITY AS AN OBJECT OF STUDY." Lingua Montenegrina 29, no. 1 (2022): 159–75. https://doi.org/10.46584/lm.v29i1.901.
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In modern syntactic science, despite the large number of publications, the issue of the qualification of conjunctions that combine components of complex sentences between which the predicative parts that is semantic-syntactic correspondence remains unresolved. In the article it is considered the connectors which researchers connect with correspondence: than... that, that... that, in ... as. The author analyzes the views expressed by Ukrainian and Russian researchers for recent years, and on significant theoretical and practical material proves that the conjunctions of correspondence are only paired conjunctions than... that something and contaminated formations which ...something. These conjunctions must be combined with the highest degree forms of adverbs and adjectives and are used only in the presence of these forms in both predicative parts. Sentences with a conjunction as are impossible in a two-comparative structure. Therefore, this conjunction is taken beyond the complex sentences of correspondence
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Patroeva, N. V., and T. V. Pashkova. "To the question of connectors in a complex sentence (on the example of the Livvi-Karelian language)." Bulletin of Ugric studies 10, no. 3 (2020): 517–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.30624/2220-4156-2020-10-3-517-525.
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ABSTRACT Introduction: the article is a study of syntactic connectors and relationships in complex sentences of the Livvi-Karelian language, the objectification of which are conjunctions and conjunction words included in classes of connectors and discursive words that are wider in terms of coverage of units. Objective: a comprehensive description of the system conjunctions and conjunction words functioning in the Livvi-Karelian language. Research materials: conjunctions and conjunction words functioning in the Livvi-Karelian language. Results and novelty of the research: the article provides a comprehensive description of conjunctions and conjunction words functioning in the Livvi-Karelian language in comparative aspect with closely related languages (the Finnish and partly with the Karelian language); identifies the groups of conjunctions through the way of formation and structure, as well as through functional and semantic criteria. On the basis of the studied material, it was revealed that the richness of the functional-semantic potential of a complex sentence in the Livvi- Karelian language is due not only to the historically established immanent properties of Karelian syntax, but also to the double influence of the closely related Finnish language and the Russian language belonging to another language family. The novelty of the study lies in a comprehensive study of conjunctions and conjunction words in the Karelian language (on the example of the Livvi dialect).
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Sari, Novita, Amrin Saragih, and Anni Holila Pulungan. "External and Internal Conjunctions in the News Story Text of the Jakarta Post." LINGUISTIK TERAPAN 17, no. 1 (2020): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.24114/lt.v17i1.19761.
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This study was investigated external and internal conjunctions in the news story text of the Jakarta Post based on Systemic Functional Linguistics Approach. The objective of this study was to describe the realization of external and internal conjunctions. The research was conducted by using qualitative design. The data of this research were clause complex of external and internal conjunctions in the news text the Jakarta Post. The data were taken from website official Jakarta Post https://www.thejakartapost.com/. The data were collected by documentary technique. The technique of data analysis applied interactive model technique by Miles, Huberman and Saldana (2014). The findings showed external and internal conjunctions describes in clause complex news text used to clause complex have several clauses consist of independent clause is an equal (paratactic) and clause complex have several clauses consist of independent clause relate with dependent clause is an unequal (hypotactic). Keywords: External Conjunction, Internal Conjunctions, News Text
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Nicolae, Andreea C., and Yasutada Sudo. "The exhaustive relevance of complex conjunctions." Snippets, no. 37 (December 2019): 72–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.7358/snip-2019-037-nisu.
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Sobari, Teti, Yadi Mulyadi, Wikanengsih Wikanengsih, and Ika Mustika. "Role of Conjunctions and Students’ Cognitive Characteristics in Argumentative Essay Writing." International Journal of Learning, Teaching and Educational Research 23, no. 3 (2024): 111–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.26803/ijlter.23.3.6.
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Most high school students are able to write arguments. However, most students are still unable to develop complex writing. The purpose of this research was to investigate the students' argumentative writing which displays various linguistic features and cognitive characteristics, and to investigate the conjunctions that fall into several categories (addition, opposition, causal, and time), which are markers of the complexity of the students' reasoning. The method used in this research was factorial analysis because it aimed to determine the students' linguistic and cognitive features in relation to improving the quality of the students' argumentative writing. The sample in this study was 350 high school students from grades 10 to 12. Analysis was carried out on the students' written argumentative essays which were written in the context of formal or academic language, transcribed and given an analysis code. The research findings show that students are able to demonstrate complex and high-level reasoning according to their use of conjunctions in their essays. The use of conjunctions based on class is relatively low in terms of the number of addition, contradiction, causal, and temporal conjunctions in each essay. The interclass correlation analysis shows that the essay length variable is in a stable condition, while student variability is higher in relation to the use of argument types and conjunctions. Based on the results following the testing of the predictability of conjunction use on argument sophistication, it was found that conflicting conjunctions contributed positively to argument sophistication apart from other variables (essay length, topic, gender, and student socioeconomic status). Contradictory conjunctions are the most complex conjunctions used by students using the integrative perspective. These conjunctions are also used to control the length and type of essay topic. Conjunctions can also contribute to the sophistication of the students' argumentative essays.
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Fišer, Daniel, and Marcel Steinmetz. "Towards Feasible Higher-Dimensional Potential Heuristics." Proceedings of the International Conference on Automated Planning and Scheduling 34 (May 30, 2024): 210–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/icaps.v34i1.31478.
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Potential heuristics assign numerical values (potentials) to state features, where each feature is a conjunction of facts. It was previously shown that the informativeness of potential heuristics can be significantly improved by considering complex features, but computing potentials over all pairs of facts is already too costly in practice. In this paper, we investigate whether using just a few high-dimensional features instead of all conjunctions up to a dimension n can result in improved heuristics while keeping the computational cost at bay. We focus on (a) establishing a framework for studying this kind of potential heuristics, and (b) whether it is reasonable to expect improvement with just a few conjunctions. For (a), we propose two compilations that encode each conjunction explicitly as a new fact so that we can compute potentials over conjunctions in the original task as one-dimensional potentials in the compilation. Regarding (b), we provide evidence that informativeness of potential heuristics can be significantly increased with a small set of conjunctions, and these improvements have positive impact on the number of solved tasks.
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Wang, Lan. "The specifics of conditional conjunctions in modern Russian." Litera, no. 12 (December 2023): 419–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-8698.2023.12.69304.
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The subject of research are the conjunctions used in a complex sentence to convey conditional relations. In the Russian language, the group of conjunctions capable of expressing the meaning of a condition is quite voluminous. In this article we turn to an insufficiently deeply developed issue, namely, the analysis of conjunctions located on the periphery of the means condition expressions. The purpose of the study is to identify conjunctions based on lexicographic sources and speech contexts that can express a conditional relation, and, using the example of a conjunction "добро бы", describe its semantic and pragmatic potential. The article uses the descriptive method, as well as the method of definitional analysis and elements of component and transformational analysis. The scientific novelty lies in the fact that 1) the analysis of dictionary entries of conditional conjunctions is given, the grouping of conditional conjunctions is described; 2) the experience of a comprehensive analysis of the conjunction of "добро бы" is demonstrated and its additional meanings (presumptive condition, conditionally opposed), as well as modal shades (assessment and desire) are revealed. The conclusions and materials of the study can be used in lectures, special courses and special seminars for students of philological and pedagogical specialties, in improving school curricula, creating textbooks, collections of exercises. The relevance of the study lies in the fact that, despite the many scientific papers devoted to specific conjunctions that are located in the central zone of the means of expressing conditional relations, the question of the interpretative potential of peripheral conditional conjunctions (the number of which is very large) has not been worked out deeply enough.
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Искандари, М. "On the question of the connectors in the complex sentence in Russian and Persian." Cherepovets State University Bulletin, no. 5(116) (October 13, 2023): 137–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.23859/1994-0637-2023-5-116-11.
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Данная статья посвящена сопоставительному изучению коннекторов в сложноподчиненных предложениях с придаточными определительными и изъяснительными в персидском и русском языках. Средством прикрепления главной части к изъяснительным и определительным придаточным предложениям в русских и персидских сложноподчиненных предложениях являются союзы и союзные слова, входящие в более широкий по охвату единиц класс коннекторов. Цель – описание системы союзов, функционирующих в персидском языке, и сопоставление коннекторов сложноподчиненных предложений с придаточными изъяснительными и определительными в персидском и русском языках. Материал исследования: союзы персидского языка (в персидском языке нет союзных слов), союзы и союзные слова русского языка и сложноподчиненные предложения с придаточными изъяснительными и определительными в персидском и русском языках. Результаты и научная новизна исследования. В статье речь идет о союзах, прикрепляющих части сложноподчиненных предложений с изъяснительными и определительными придаточными предложениями в персидском языке в сопоставлении с русским языком. Представлены союзы персидского языка по структуре и способу образования. На основе изученного материала выявлено, что изъяснительные и определительные придаточные предложения в персидском языке прикрепляются к главной части только при помощи одного союза که ‘что’. В русском языке союзы и союзные слова что, который, чей, какой, как будто, будто, ли и др. связывают части сложноподчиненных предложений с изъяснительными и определительными придаточными предложениями. Новизна исследования заключается в сопоставлении коннекторов сложноподчиненных предложений в русском и персидском языках и выявлении сходства и различия между ними. This article considers communication means of complex sentences in the Persian language in comparison with the Russian language. The means of attaching the main part to complement and attributive subordinate clauses in Russian and Persian complex sentences are conjunctions and syndetic words, which are included in a class of connectors that is wider in coverage of units. This article considers communication means of complex sentences in the Persian language in comparison with the Russian language. The means of attaching the main part to complement and attributive subordinate clauses in Russian and Persian complex sentences are conjunctions and syndetic words, which are included in a class of connectors that is wider in coverage of units. Objective: description of the conjunction system functioning in the Persian language and comparison of the connectors in complex sentences with the subordinate complement and attributive clauses in the Persian and Russian languages. Research material: conjunctions of the Persian language (there are no syndetic words in the Persian language), conjunctions and syndetic words of the Russian language and complex sentences with subordinate complement and attributive clauses in Persian and Russian. Results and novelty of the research. The article deals with conjunctions that attach parts of complex sentences with complement and attributive clauses in Persian in comparison with Russian. The conjunctions of the Persian language are presented in terms of structure and meaning. Based on the studied material, it is revealed that complement and attributive clauses in Persian are attached to the main part only with the help of one conjunction که 'what', and in Russian the conjunctions and syndetic words what, which, whose, which, as if, whether and others connect parts of complex sentences with complement and attributive subordinate clauses. The novelty of the study lies in the comparison of connectors in complex sentences in the Russian and Persian languages.
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Kostrova, O. A. "MODUS CONCEPT CONDITIONALITY AND ITS STRUCTURE IN GERMAN LINGUISTIC CULTURE." Voprosy Kognitivnoy Lingvistiki, no. 3 (2023): 76–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.20916/1812-3228-2023-3-76-84.
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The paper is devoted to interaction of cognitive and language mechanisms forming conditional sense in German linguistic culture. Dominant language units that represent this sense are conditional clauses. In the German language there are some conjunctions with conditional sense making the meaning of subordinate clauses variable: wenn, falls, sofern, wenn also . The purpose of the paper is to find out conceptual variability that indicates the interpretation modus of conditionality. Realizing this purpose, the author uses the principle of situation performing that allows to differentiate subconcepts of CONDITIONALITY in the German linguistic culture. The semantics of clauses depends on the semantics of the conjunctions. Following its etymology, the conjunction falls is connected with the verb fallen and the noun der Fall . Both indicate the component ‘moving down’ in their meaning. In German the subconcept represented by the conjunction falls implies especially marked situations that are unexpected or undesired. The conjunction sofern is etymologically connected with the preposition in that indicates some restricted room. That’s why the clauses connected with sofern denote some restriction of situations. The conjunction wenn also is complex, so in this case we have to do with complex cognitive activity. The first step of this activity is to summarize the pretext content by the component also , the second step is to change the summarized content by the component wenn into a condition, so that clauses sign especially marked summarized conditional situations. In the structure of CONDITIONALITY the author distinguishes between the center represented by wenn -clauses and the periphery represented by the following conjunctions whose interpretation modus is specific: falls indicates the modus of unexpected or undesired condition , sofern signs the modus of restriction and wenn also the modus of resuming. The outlook provides researching of other modus concepts that are represented by subordinate clauses connected with other conjunctions.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Complex conjunctions"
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Asfawwesen, Desalegn. "The inceptive construction and associated topics in Amharic and related languages." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för lingvistik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-128262.
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This thesis investigates the syntactic features, functions, and diachrony of a complex predicate called ‘the inceptive construction’ which is based on a grammaticalised use of the converbs ‘get up’, ‘pick up’, ‘grasp’, and ‘take’. The languages under investigation are Amharic, Argobba, Harari, Zay, and Selt’i. The data collection that was analized consists of elicitations, audio recordings, and written texts. The analysis shows that the converbs identify the initial phase of the event encoded by a following verb. The converbs are further associated with nuances like volition, surprise, and emphasis. The rise of such interpretations as surprise and emphasis appears to depend mainly on context, while volition is inherent to the construction. The languages generally do not show much variation. However, there is a notable difference in some co-occurrence restrictions. Moreover, there is a difference in the presence/absence of certain converbs mainly in Harari and Zay, which is clearly a matter of preference between individual consultants. Regarding the origin of the inceptive construction, collocation, frequency, and speakers’ conception of the action of the converbs are possible factors that lead the verbs to grammaticalize into markers of the inception phase. Only some traces of the construction are found in an old Amharic text from the 15th century. The converb is the main verb form used in the inceptive construction, although other verb forms are allowed which may take a coordinating conjunction (in the cases of Amharic and Argobba) and an iterative/simultaneity marker (‘while’). The Amharic conjunction =nna ‘and’ links the light verb with the reference verb in the inceptive construction, but is also used in causal(purposive) and conditional coordination. The criteria of tense iconicity and variable positions indicate that =nna is a coordinating conjunction in the former, but a subordinator in the latter. Lastly, the converb in Amharic is shown to become insubordinated, i.e. the main verb or auxiliary it depends on gets ellipsed over time and it comes to function as a main verb. An insubordinated converb is used in the expression of surprise/exclamation, interrogation, rhetorical questioning, wishing, and the resultative/perfective. The point is it is still possible to use the notion of ‘converb’ in the inceptive construction as this is a separate historical process.
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Nwokeoji, Alison Obinna. "Analysis of ribonucleoprotein complexes using affinity purification in conjunction with mass spectrometry." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2014. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/5878/.
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Protein-protein/protein-RNA interactions are assuming increasing significance with the recent discoveries of the diverse and important roles RNA-protein complexes play in biological systems. As a result there is an increasing demand for high throughput analytical approaches for the analysis of these complexes. In this study, affinity purification-mass spectrometry (AP-MS) approaches are used to analyse protein-RNA complexes. Tandem affinity purification (TAP)-MS was used to analyse complexes associated with the Saccharomyces cerevisiae spliceosome and RNA processing pathways providing insight into the coupling of the various steps of gene expression. These approaches were also used to exhaustively distinguish two similar but functionally distinct Lsm complexes providing further insight into their mRNA processing pathways. These studies are consistent with the model that splicing occur co-trancriptionally and that several steps of gene expression is coupled to transcription. Utilizing HPLC-MS approaches in conjunction with other molecular biology techniques, the recently discovered Streptococcus thermophilus CRISPR/Cas complex was also investigated. The Cas protein complexes were identified and their stoichiometry determined using semi-quantitative data. This provided insight into the roles of these Cas proteins in the biogenesis of the CRISPR/Cas complex. Furthermore, the architecture of the CRISPR RNAs (crRNA) associated with the complex was determined, providing further insight into this mechanism of the crRNA processing in the novel Type III CRISPR/Cas complex.
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Loroch, Stefan [Verfasser]. "Highly sensitive global phosphorylation analysis of complex biological samples using ERLIC in conjunction with LC-MS / Stefan Loroch." Hamburg : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg Carl von Ossietzky, 2019. http://d-nb.info/123240781X/34.
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Brown, Pamela. "Improving planning and prospective memory in a virtual reality setting : investigating the use of periodic auditory alerts in conjunction with goal management training on a complex virtual reality task in individuals with acquired brain injury." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2009. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/1226/.
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Abstract Introduction: Deficits in planning and prospective memory are common after brain injury and contribute to difficulties participating in everyday activities. Recent research has suggested that using non-contingent auditory alerts may facilitate a ‘goal-review’ process and improve performance on tasks that make demands on executive functions. This study investigated whether combining alerts with a brief goal management training (GMT) programme would improve performance on a complex virtual reality task. Method: Twenty individuals with evidence of executive impairment completed two versions of the Removals Task, one trial with auditory alerts following a GMT session, and the other trial in standard, non-alerted conditions. Nineteen healthy controls were recruited to complete the task with no alerts or GMT. Results: The brain-injury group were significantly poorer than the controls on some measures of the task in non-alerted conditions. GMT and auditory alerts did not improve performance (though a sub-group analyses revealed improvement for 6 participants on one task measure). Discussion: Ceiling effects, brevity of the GMT procedure and paradoxical effects of the alerts on the measures are discussed as some possible reasons for failure to find significant differences. Sensitivity of the Removals Task to detect executive impairment and its efficacy as a potential cognitive rehabilitative assessment tool is investigated in light of differing findings between studies. Conclusion: The Removals Task revealed differences in performance between individuals with executive dysfunction and healthy controls on some measures. While a sub-group of participants did show improvement in the alerted condition for one measure, GMT and auditory alerts failed to improve performance in the brain-injury group on the majority of task measures. Limitations of the current study are acknowledged and recommendations for future research are given.
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Van, Wyk Pieter-Hugo. "Novel methods of chemical speciation of Pt(IV/II) complexes in acid halide-rich solutions by ion-pair RP-HPLC coupled to ICP-OES/MS in conjunction with 195Pt NMR." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/80099.
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Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In this work a robust reversed phase ion-pairing high performance liquid chromatographic
(RP-HPLC) method has been developed for the separation, characterization and quantification of
all possible [PtCl6-nBrn]2- (n = 0 – 6) and [PtCl4-nBrn]2- (n = 0 – 4) complex anions using UV-Vis
detection. High resolution 195Pt NMR of more concentrated PtII/IV solutions served to validate the
relevant species assignments, particularly those of the stereoisomer species, cis- and trans-
[PtCl4Br2]2-, [PtCl2Br4]2- and mer- and fac-[PtCl3Br3]2-. Quantification of the PtII/IV species was
achieved by means of IP-RP-HPLC coupled to either ICP-MS or ICP-OES, and together with the
UV-Vis absorption spectra obtained by photodiode array (PDA) recording of all eluted species,
allowed for the determination of the photometric characteristics (λmax and ε) of all the PtII/IV
species. This data enables practical speciation studies of such PtII/IV complex anions using
standard analytical equipment.
The hyphenation of ion-pairing RP-HPLC to ICP-OES allows for the successful determination
of the Pt to halide mole ratios of individually separated species in order to characterize these
species in a novel manner. The Pt to chloride and/or Pt to bromide mole ratio of the [PtCl4]2- and
the series of [PtCl6-nBrn]2- (n = 0 – 6) complexes were determined using HPLC-ICP-OES based
on the 177.708 nm Pt, 134.724 nm Cl and 148.845 nm Br emission lines and served as a
technique for the unambiguous chemical speciation of such complexes.
An increase in sensitivity of the developed method was achieved by the use of an ion-pairing
reversed phase ultra high performance liquid chromatography electrospray ionization quadrupole
time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS) method. This method proved
capable of separating and characterizing the homoleptic and heteroleptic [PtIVCl6-nBrn]2-
(n = 0 – 6) and mono-aquated [PtIVCl5-nBrn(H2O)]- (n = 0 – 5) complex anions in well defined
acidic aqueous solutions. Ion-pairing ultra high performance liquid chromatography separation based on the volatile ion-pairing reagent, tributylamine, provided adequate chromatographic
resolution as well as sufficiently low background noise for high resolution ESI-Q-TOF-MS
detection. The wealth of structural information contained in the mass spectra obtained for each
PtIV species simplified the identification of individual species. Moreover, the general
fragmentation trends encompassing a constant incremental change of 44 Da (79/81Br - 35/37Cl)
resulting from the successive substitution of Cl- by Br-, in combination with the observed elution
order, facilitated the relevant species assignments. The developed method enabled the relative
rapid (<13 min) characterization of all 22 [PtCl6-nBrn]2- (n = 0 – 6) and mono-aquated
[PtCl5-nBrn(H2O)]- (n = 0 – 5) species.
Quantification of each individual [PtCl6-nBrn]2- (n = 0 – 6) species by means of ion-paring
HPLC-UV-Vis allowed for the determination of all 17 stability constants for the PtIV chloridobromido
halide exchange reaction network. Determination of the associated Gibbs free energies
for each ligand exchange reaction step, o
rxnK ΔG
n
(n = 1 - 17), together with energy conservation
relationships, served to validate the accuracy of the experimentally calculated stability constants.
The experimentally determined overall formation constant, or ΔGo
rxn, and those calculated using
the standard reaction half cell reduction potentials of [PtCl6]2- and [PtBr6]2- were in good
agreement, further confirming the experimentally obtained thermodynamic parameters. The
thermodynamic driving force for the PtIV chloride-bromido exchange reactions is attributed to
the hydration of the halide ligands, which drives the reaction towards the bromido PtIV species in
aqueous solutions, even though the chlorido PtIV complexes are energetically favoured in this
reaction network. Evaluation of other metal cation halido exchange reactions shows that all metal
halido complexes exhibit the F- >> Cl- > Br- > I- order of thermodynamic stability and is only
inverted due to the solvation of the relevant halide ligands. Furthermore, density functional
theory (DFT) was used to predict the thermodynamic stabilities with respect to the isodesmic
reactions involving chlorido-bromido PtIV stereoisomer pairs and chlorido-bromido PtIV ligand
exchange reactions of the [PtCl6-nBrn]2- (n = 0 – 6) species and confirm the F- >> Cl- > Br- > I-
order of thermodynamic stability as well as determining the ΔΔGo
rxn within the range of 8 - 20
kJ.mol-1 to the experimentally determined ΔΔGo
rxn.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Tydens hierdie studie is „n robuuste “reverse-phase” ioonparing hoë-verrigting vloeistof
chromatografie, RP-IP-HPLC, metode ontwikkel vir die skeiding, karakterisering en
kwantifisering van alle moontlike [PtCl6-nBrn]2- (n = 0 – 6) en [PtCl4-nBrn]2- (n = 0 – 4) kompleks
anione waar UV-Vis as detektor gebruik word. Die relavante spesies toedelings wat gemaak is,
veral ten opsigte van die cis- en trans-[PtCl4Br2]2-, [PtCl2Br4]2- en mer- en fac-[PtCl3Br3]2-
stereo-isomeerpare, is deur middel van hoë-resolusie 195Pt KMR van meer gekonsentreerde PtII/IV
oplossings bevestig. Die PtII/IV spesies was gekwantifiseer deur die IP-RP-HPLC aan of „n ICPMS
of „n ICP-OES te koppel. Daarenbowe was dit moontlik om die fotometriese eienskappe
(λmax en ε) van elke individuele PtII/IV komplex anion te bepaal deur die UV-Vis absorpsie
spektrum van elke elueerende spesies met PDA op te neem. Die nuwe metode wat tydens hierdie
studie ontwikkel is het dit dus moontlik gemaak om sulke PtII/IV komplek sanione met standaard
analitiese toerusting prakties te skei.
Verder is gevind dat deur IP-RP-HPLC aan ICP-OES te koppel dit moontlik is om die Pt tot
halied mol verhoudings van elke individueel geskeide spesies te bepaal en dus hierdie spesies op
„n oorspronklike, nuwe manier te karakteriseer. Die Pt tot chloried en/of Pt tot bromied mol
verhoudings van die [PtCl4]2- en die reeks van [PtCl6-nBrn]2- (n = 0 – 6) kompleks anione, soos
bepaal deur gebruik te maak van HPLC-ICP-OES, is gebasseer op die 177.708 nm Pt, 134.724
nm Cl en 148.845 nm Br emissie lyne. Hierdie metode kan gebruik word vir die eenduidige
chemiese skeiding van hierdie komplekse.
Die sensitiwiteit van hierdie metode was egter verder verbeter deur gebruik te maak van
ioonparing “reverse-phase” ultra hoë-verrigting vloeistof chromatografie gekoppel met
elektrosprei ionisasie quadropool “time-of-flight” massa spektrometrie (UHPLC-ESI-Q-TOFMS).
Deur dit te doen is dit nou selfs moontlik om die homoleptiese en heteroleptiese [PtIVCl6-nBrn]2- (n = 0 – 6) spesies, asook die “mono-aqauted” [PtIVCl5-nBrnH2O]- (n = 0 – 5)
spesies in „n goed gedefinieërde aangesuurde waterige oplossings te skei en te karakteriseer. Die
vlugtige ioon-paringsreagent, tributielamien, is vir die skeidingsproses op die IP-UHPLC gebruik
om te verseker dat voldoende chromatografiese resolusie, so wel as lae genoeg agtergrondgeraas,
verkry word vir hoë-resolusie ESI-Q-TOF-MS deteksie. Die rykdom informasie vervat in die
massaspektrum van elke PtIV spesies het die indentifikasie van elke spesies vergemaklik.
Daarenbowe het die fragmentasie tendens, aanduidend van „n konstante inkrementele
verandering van 44 amu (71/81Br – 35/37Cl) weens die opeenvolgende substitusie van Cl- met
Br-, tesame met die elusie volgorde, die spesies-toedelings gefasiliteer. Met hierdie nuut
ontwikkelde metode is dit nou moontlik om al 22 [PtCl6-nBrn]2- (n = 0 – 6) en “mono-aquated”
[PtCl5-nBrnH2O]- (n = 0 – 5) spesies in „n relatiewe kort tydperk (< 13 min) te karakteriseer.
Deurdat elke [PtCl6-nBrn]2- (n = 0 – 6) spesies nou individueel met IP-HPLC-UV-Vis
gekwantifiseer kan word, is dit moontlik om al 17 stabiliteitskonstantes vir die PtIV chloridobromido
halied uitruilingsreaksienetwerk te bepaal. Die geassosieerde Gibbs vrye energie,
ΔG°rxnKn (n = 0 – 17), wat vir elke stap in die uitruilingsreaksienetwerk bepaal is, tesame met die
energiebewaring verhoudings, was gebruik om die akkuraatheid van die eksperimenteel bepaalde
stabiliteitskonstantes te bekragtig. Verdermeer was die waarde van die algehele formasie
konstante wat eksperimenteel bepaal is, ΔG°rxn, in goeie ooreenstemming met dit wat bereken is
deur die standaard reaksie halfsel reduksie potensiale van [PtCl6]2- en [PtBr6]2-. Dus is die
eksperimenteel verkrygde termodinamiese parameters bevestig. Die termodinamiese dryfkrag vir
die PtIV chloried-bromied uitruilingsreaksies is toegereken aan die hidrasie van die halied
ligande, wat in waterige oplossings die reaksie na die bromied PtIV spesies dryf, al is die chloried
PtIV spesies energeties bevoordeel in hierdie reaksienetwerk. Evaluering van ander metaalkatioon-
halied-uitruilreaksies wys dat alle metaal-halied komplekse die F- >> Cl- > Br- > I- orde
van termodinamiese stabiliteit volg en dat hierdie volgorde slegs omgekeer sal word weens
solvasie van hierdie halied ligande. Darenbowe digtheids funksionele teorie (DFT) gebruik om
die termodinamiese stabiliteit met betrekking tot isodesmiese reaksies wat chloried-bromied PtIV
stereoisomeer pare behels te voorspel, sowel as van chloried-bromied PtIV
liganduitruilingsreaksies van die [PtCl6-nBrn]2- (n = 0 – 6) spesies, en bevestig die F- >> Cl- > Br-
> I- volgorde van termodinamiese stabiliteit. Verder was dit ook moontlik om met DFT die
ΔΔG°rxn tot so naby as 8 – 20 kJ.mol-1 te bereken.
Books on the topic "Complex conjunctions"
1
World Bank. World Bank thesaurus: [compiled by World Bank, in conjunction with the Joint Bank/Fund Library]. [World Bank?], 1989.
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Appice, Annalisa. New Frontiers in Mining Complex Patterns: First International Workshop, NFMCP 2012, Held in Conjunction with ECML/PKDD 2012, Bristol, UK, September 24, 2012, Rivesed Selected Papers. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013.
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A, Cassaro Michael, Cooper James D, American Society of Civil Engineers. Technical Council on Lifeline Earthquake Engineering., and ASCE National Convention (1988 : St. Louis, Mo.), eds. Seismic design and construction of complex civil Engineering systems: Proceedings of a symposium sponsored by the Technical Council on Lifeline Earthquake Engineering of the American Society of Civil Engineers in conjunction with the ASCE National Convention in St. Louis, Missouri, October 27, 1988. American Society of Civil Engineers, 1988.
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Shigurov, Viktor. Theory of transpositional grammar of the Russian language:. INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2025. https://doi.org/10.12737/2198970.
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The monograph provides a comprehensive systematic study of the transpositional mechanism of modalation in the Russian language, the principles and patterns of its operation. The causes, prerequisites, signs, stages (stages) and the limit of transposition of linguistic units from verbs in predicative, semi-predicative and substantive forms; adjectives in full/short form and adverbs, including in the function of predicatives; prepositional and prepositional forms of nouns and pronouns into the interparticle semantic and syntactic category of introductory modal words and expressions. Using the methodology of oppositional analysis and indexing, the indices of transposition of words and word forms are calculated, explicating in typical contexts a particular stage of modalation and the degree of correspondence of their differential features to the characteristics of nuclear representatives of the initial and final links of the intercategory transposition. Special emphasis is placed on the study of syncretic (peripheral and hybrid) structures representing, in different combinatorics and proportions, signs of interacting parts of speech and interparticle categories of predicatives and introductory modal units during modalation, as well as when modalation is combined with other types of transposition — predication, adverbialization, particularization, conjunctionalization, interjection, etc. A system of criteria is proposed, It makes it possible to differentiate functional and functional-semantic homonyms, as well as peripheral and hybrid formations that demonstrate different stages of modalation (including when combined with other transpositional processes). An inventory of units of different partial affiliation has been compiled, demonstrating varying degrees of transposition into introductory modal words and expressions, as well as sometimes into predicatives, adverbs, particles, conjunctions, prepositions, interjections. It is intended for linguists: researchers, teachers of higher education, teachers of literature and students.
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editor, Rohayah Mohd Lani, and PERGAS (Organization), eds. Footprints of Muslim scholars heritage in Singapore: A select bibliography : compiled in conjunction with "Footprints of Muslim Scholars Heritage in Singapore Exhibition" by the Singapore Islamic Religious Scholars and Teachers Association (PERGAS) at the National Library, Victoria Street from 14 August to 14 September 2014. Singapore Association of Islamic Scholars and Religious Teachers (PERGAS), 2014.
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Froestad, Jan, Martin Nøkleberg, Clifford Shearing, and Hilton Trollip. South Africa’s Minerals-Energy Complex. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198819837.003.0016.
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Concepts of ‘plural, nodal forms of governance’ and ‘constitutive regulation’ are used to analyse how an industrial policy elite spanning public and private spheres formed in conjunction with the minerals/industrial/energy core economy. Government, in collaboration with minerals industries and electricity monopoly Eskom, employed state capitalism, as well as sophisticated control and surveillance of migrant labour to structure a system to ensure cheap energy. Democratization has led to the involvement of new electricity policy actors and attempts to reform the electricity sector. An electricity supply crisis, new energy technologies, environmental policy, and renewed attempts by government and civil society to hold Eskom accountable have led to cracks in the system. Eskom has aligned itself with a new political elite. Eskom and coal mining for electricity generation continue to dominate with continuing effects on the local and global environment.
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Ras, Zbigniew W., Annalisa Appice, Giuseppe Manco, Elio Masciari, and Corrado Loglisci. New Frontiers in Mining Complex Patterns: 6th International Workshop, NFMCP 2017, Held in Conjunction with ECML-PKDD 2017, Skopje, Macedonia, ... Springer, 2018.
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Manco, Giuseppe, Elio Masciari, Michelangelo Ceci, Corrado Loglisci, and Zbigniew Ras. New Frontiers in Mining Complex Patterns: 8th International Workshop, NFMCP 2019, Held in Conjunction with ECML-PKDD 2019, Würzburg, Germany, ... Springer, 2020.
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Cimini, Amy. Wild Sound. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190060893.001.0001.
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“We haven’t even made it to breakfast!” Composer Maryanne Amacher (1938–2009) often used this phrase to marvel at critical and partial approaches to knowledge production across the vast artistic, technical, and scientific discourses with which she worked. Her musical thought encompassed original presentational formats in existing and speculative media as well as approaches to sound and ways of listening that conjoined real and imagined social worlds. In these conjunctions, this book discerns meeting points between frameworks for life that emerged from Amacher’s multidisciplinary study of sound and listening: within acoustical spectra, inside human bodies and ears, across cities and edgleands, amid hypothetical creatures, and between virtual, fictive, or distanciated environments. These figurations guide interpretative study of six signal projects: Adjacencies (1965/1966); City-Links (1967–1988); Additional Tones (1976/1987); Music for Sound-Joined Rooms (1980–2009); Mini Sound Series (1985–2009); and Intelligent Life (1980s), and countless sketches, notes, and unrealized projects. The book explores Amacher’s working methods with an interpretive style that emphasizes technical study, conceptual juxtaposition, intertextual play, and narrative transport. This book also takes up Amacher’s work as a guiding thread across shifting social discourses on life in the late twentieth-century United States. Her projects convoked figurations of life and technoscience that could be partially and ironically accessed or conceptualized via complex auditory thresholds. This nascent epistemology rooted in feminist science and technology studies centers biopolitical questions about difference and power in artistic and critical work that counts Amacher among its precedents.
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Patino, Mario, and Anna M. Varughese. Diabetic Patient. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199764495.003.0046.
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Diabetes is the most common metabolic disorder in children, and its incidence is increasing. The rapid development of new, complex regimens for treatment and the availability of many forms of insulin make the management of these patients complex and best conducted in conjunction with a pediatric endocrinologist. Perioperative management of diabetic patients requires knowing the pathophysiology, current treatment, degree of control and compliance with therapy, previous complications, and complexity and duration of the surgical procedure.
Book chapters on the topic "Complex conjunctions"
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Rickards, Lauren, and Melinda Hinkson. "Supply Chains as Disruption." In Beyond Global Food Supply Chains. Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-3155-0_2.
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AbstractIn this chapter, we explore supply chains with an interest in the complex conjunctions of practice, values and effects that their underpinning modernist imaginary of “seamless circulation” precludes from view. The agricultural landscapes of northwest Victoria provide a compelling vantage from which to ground truth and trouble the idea of seamless circulation and relatedly the idea that disruptions are merely technical blips in otherwise well-oiled machines. Working between the interpretive lenses of Anna Tsing and Bernard Stiegler, supply chains emerge as artefacts of distinctive social formations, conduits of colonial capital power, and ultimately distancing mechanisms that separate people from places and each other. Yet supply chains are also imperfect and incomplete in their operations, and it is this observation that provides for creative responses and the hope of reinvigorating more grounded approaches to the production of food and practices of feeding.
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Fradenburg, L. O. Aranye, and Eileen A. Joy. "Paradigm Change/ Institute Change." In Burn after Reading: Vol. 1, Miniature Manifestos for a Post/medieval Studies + Vol. 2, The Future We Want: A Collaboration. punctum books, 2014. https://doi.org/10.21983/p3.0067.1.27.
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We are in the midst of paradigm change, brought on by initiatives like biological systems theory, post-structuralism, James Gibson’s theory of affordances,1 and neuroplasticity.Top-down or prime-mover models of change have given way to principles of creative interactivity and causal pari-ty, in which concentrations of forces and systemic ele-ments continue to play significant roles, but only as parts of turbulent, non-totalizable assemblages. The findings of the genome project have put genetic determinism in doubt. Today’s genes do not write the scripts of our lives; they are relatively passive elements in a complex field of biochem-ical interactions. Jesper Hoffmeyer summarizes the situation this way: “Living cells . . . use DNA to construct the organ-ism, not vice versa.”2 Many kinds of conjunctions and symbioses now appear to have significance for bio-his-tory; these are evolutionary events that depend neither on natural selection nor mutation. The study of multi-cell-ularity shows that individuation and aggregation are both fundamental to living process, and are interdependent ra-ther than mutually exclusive processes. Focus on the ac-tions of cells has restored the importance of the life expe-rience of the organism and its forms of relationality to evolutionary theory; bio-history is now seen to be created by mutually constitutive interactions between the geno-type, the phenotype, and environmental, including social, affordances. The organism is no longer a “dead end,” and evolution turns out to be a history of ecologies rather than of anthropomorphized “selfish” genes bent on self-repli-cation. Semiosis—communication—is a sine qua non of living process. The brain’s capacity for estimation and signal-interpretation is, simply, vital; only in very specific knowledge-ecologies does it require probability theory and experimental controls to act on behalf of sentient experi-ence. Living process—including artful, real-time, improvi-sational activity—finally plays a significant role in bio-historiography.
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Feizi, Ten. "‘Glyco-Epitope’ Assignments for the Selectins: Advances Enabled By the Neoglycolipid (Ngl) Technology in Conjunction with Synthetic Carbohydrate Chemistry’." In The Molecular Immunology of Complex Carbohydrates —2. Springer US, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1267-7_5.
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Anderson, Mark W., and Christine B. Chung. "Elbow Imaging with an Emphasis on MRI." In IDKD Springer Series. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-71281-5_3.
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AbstractThe elbow is a complex joint made up of three separate articulations within a common capsule. The proximal ulna articulates with the trochlea and functions as a hinge joint, while the proximal radioulnar joint provides for rotational movement of the forearm. The radiocapitellar joint allows for both hinge and rotational movements. Together, these allow for flexion and extension of the arm and, in conjunction with the distal radioulnar joint at the wrist, pronation and supination as well.
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Kato, Masako. "Vapochromic Soft Crystals Constructed with Metal Complexes." In The Materials Research Society Series. Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-0260-6_4.
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AbstractVapochromism, a phenomenon in which the color or luminescence color of a substance changes in response to gaseous molecules, has potential for developing sensor materials to detect harmful substances in the environment. In addition, vapochromism is scientifically interesting for the direct visualization of interactions between gases and solids. The crystals of metal complexes involve diverse and flexible electronic interactions, such as metal–metal and metal–ligand interactions. It is expected that slight structural changes in such crystals will lead to distinct color or emission color changes, thus achieving highly sensitive and selective vapochromic responses. Consequently, highly ordered and flexible response systems (i.e., soft crystals) can be constructed. This chapter introduces the interesting and attractive features of vapor-responsive soft crystals by discussing platinum complexes that show color and luminescence changes in dilute vapor atmospheres while maintaining an ordered structure, nickel(II) complexes that change magnetic properties in conjunction with a color change, and copper(I) complexes that change luminescence color in response to N-heteroaromatic vapors.
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Clarke, Marie. "Evidence, Stakeholders and Decision Making: Managing COVID-19 in Irish Higher Education." In The Impact of Covid-19 on the Institutional Fabric of Higher Education. Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-26393-4_2.
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AbstractThis chapter explores the ways in which evidence was used in the decision-making process in the Irish higher education sector during COVID-19, employing historical institutionalism and complex systems theory as a lens to consider stakeholder responses. A qualitative approach was adopted in this study covering the period March 2020–August 2021 using publicly available documentary sources, parliamentary debates, government announcements with reference to COVID-19 speeches and other communications, in conjunction with eight elite semi-structured interviews with representatives from the key stakeholders in the HE sector. The findings illustrate several important issues with reference to the use of evidence and decision making during COVID-19 and consider the broader implications for policy direction in higher education.
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Cook, Edward. "Some Cases of Grammaticalisation in Mishnaic Hebrew and Their Diachronic Implications." In Interconnected Traditions: Semitic Languages, Literatures, Cultures—A Festschrift for Geoffrey Khan. Open Book Publishers, 2025. https://doi.org/10.11647/obp.0463.14.
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The article examines instances of grammaticalisation in Mishnaic Hebrew, highlighting the transition from Biblical Hebrew. Key examples include the particle הוֹאִיל ‘because, since’, which evolved from a Biblical Hebrew verb to a causal conjunction in Mishnaic Hebrew, and כְּדֵי ‘in order that’, derived from דַּי ‘enough’ in Biblical Hebrew. The study also analyses בִּשְׁבִיל ‘for the sake of’ and כֵּיוָן ‘as soon as’, exploring their lexical origins and grammaticalisation processes. While the study acknowledges the role of Aramaic as a substratum during this period, these transformations are rooted in internal Hebrew developments. The findings reveal a dynamic interplay between continuity and innovation in Hebrew grammar, underscoring the complex linguistic evolution shaped by contact and internal mechanisms.
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Peek, Philip S. "Module 45". У Αncient Greek II. Open Book Publishers, 2025. https://doi.org/10.11647/obp.0441.15.
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Module 45 teaches students how to read and translate indirect questions and statements that are introduced by ὅτι that, ὡς that, how or by an interrogative conjunction or adverb. In Ancient Greek students read fragment 16 of Sappho of Lesbos, Σαπφώ Λέσβου, a selection from the Mythologies (Μυθολογίαι) of Philippos of Samosata, Φίλιππος ὁ Σαμοσατεύς, and a selection from Lucian’s True Story (Ἀληθῆ Διηγήματα). Students practice parsing and learn new vocabulary. James Patterson’s Reading Morphologically continues covering verb formation and students complete another verb synopsis.
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Gheorghiu, Alexander V., Tao Gu, and David J. Pym. "Proof-Theoretic Semantics for Intuitionistic Multiplicative Linear Logic." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-43513-3_20.
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AbstractThis work is the first exploration of proof-theoretic semantics for a substructural logic. It focuses on the base-extension semantics (B-eS) for intuitionistic multiplicative linear logic ($$\mathrm IMLL$$). The starting point is a review of Sandqvist’s B-eS for intuitionistic propositional logic (IPL), for which we propose an alternative treatment of conjunction that takes the form of the generalized elimination rule for the connective. The resulting semantics is shown to be sound and complete. This motivates our main contribution, a B-eS for $$\mathrm IMLL$$, in which the definitions of the logical constants all take the form of their elimination rule and for which soundness and completeness are established.
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Hidalgo, Luciano, and Jorge Munoz-Gama. "Domain-Driven Event Abstraction Framework for Learning Dynamics in MOOCs Sessions." In Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-27815-0_40.
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AbstractIn conjunction with the rapid expansion of Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs), academic interest has grown in the analysis of MOOC student study sessions. Education researchers have increasingly regarded process mining as a promising tool with which to answer simple questions, including the order in which resources are completed. However, its application to more complex questions about learning dynamics remains a challenge. For example, do MOOC students genuinely study from a resource or merely skim content to understand what will come next? One common practice is to use the resources directly as activities, resulting in spaghetti process models that subsequently undergo filtering. However, this leads to over-simplified and difficult-to-interpret conclusions. Consequently, an event abstraction becomes necessary, whereby low-level events are combined with high-level activities. A wide range of event abstraction techniques has been presented in process mining literature, primarily in relation to data-driven bottom-up strategies, where patterns are discovered from the data and later mapped to education concepts. Accordingly, this paper proposes a domain-driven top-down framework that allows educators who are less familiar with data and process analytics to more easily search for a set of predefined high-level concepts from their own MOOC data. The framework outlined herein has been successfully tested in a Coursera MOOC, with the objective of understanding the in-session behavioral dynamics of learners who successfully complete their respective courses.
Conference papers on the topic "Complex conjunctions"
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Li, Ting, Yiran Li, Qing Lin, and Zong-fu Luo. "Dynamic Link Prediction of Space Conjunction." In 2024 International Annual Conference on Complex Systems and Intelligent Science (CSIS-IAC). IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/csis-iac63491.2024.10919263.
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Rapa, Martin, and William H. Hartt. "Non-Destructive Evaluation of Jacketed Pre-Stressed Concrete Piles for Corrosion Damage." In CORROSION 1999. NACE International, 1999. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1999-99566.
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Abstract Jacketing has been employed historically in Florida and elsewhere as a repair and rehabilitation method for corrosion damaged coastal bridge pilings. Such an approach involves either partial or complete encapsulation, most commonly in conjunction with a fiberglass form and mortar fill. Experience has indicated, however, that jacketing for this purpose (corrosion control) is not effective and, in fact, may accelerate subsequent attack. Consequently, a study was recently performed to evaluate the condition of jacketed coastal bridge pilings in the State. Concurrently, a companion effort addressed development of a method for conducting such inspections non-destructively. The present paper reports data that were developed in conjunction with this latter effort and details the inspection protocol that ultimately resulted.
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Baeté, Christophe, and Dr Olga Dolgikh. "Optimizing Pipeline AC Threat Assessments Using Computational Aided Engineering (CAE) Modelling." In CONFERENCE 2023. AMPP, 2023. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2023-19219.
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Abstract AC threat assessments on pipelines are typically covered under various specifications, and best practices, such as NACE SP0177, EN 50443 and the INGAA FINAL Report No. 2015-04. The theories and philosophies are all based upon sound engineering and scientific principles but require a significant amount of Subject Matter Expert (SME) time. The more complex the collocations, the slower the process and/or the higher the costs. With complex and large networks, the asset owner is often overwhelmed. An advanced approach has been developed, tested, and implemented on more than 66,000 miles of pipelines. During testing, previously qualified and quantified AC threats, investigated using more comprehensive site and engineering technologies were used as a comparison. This paper addresses how the AC threat assessment can be used in conjunction with readily available pipeline operator data, in-house expertise, as well as other publicly available source data, to compute the level of the AC threat and determine critical regions depending on the operational mode of AC threat, quickly, effectively and accurately in an extremely cost effective manner, and in line with the pending PHMSA Mega Rule part 2 (RIN2).
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Beavers, J. A., and W. V. Harper. "Stress Corrosion Cracking Prediction Model." In CORROSION 2004. NACE International, 2004. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2004-04189.
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Abstract One gas transmission company is developing a comprehensive risk assessment model. This risk assessment model will incorporate several sub-models (modules) including a stress corrosion cracking (SCC) module and will be used in conjunction with an ongoing integrity program. An initial SCC prediction model was developed by means of a statistical analysis of an extensive dig database that was compiled prior to 1998. This model was later updated and partially validated with 1999 and 2000 dig data. This paper summarizes the development and validation of the statistical model.
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Chekalina, Elena. "COMPLEX SENTENCES WITH THE TIME CONJUNCTIONS NÄR AND DÅ IN SWEDISH." In VII Readings in Memory of V. N. Yartseva. Institute of Linguistics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.37892/978-5-6049527-5-7-17.
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The article analyses compound sentences with the time conjunctions när and då in Ingmar Bergman’s memoirs “Laterna Magica”. The pecu liarities of their use are conditioned by textual functions and depend on the character of the semantic link between the main and subordinate parts of a sentence. Sentences with the conjunction då are considerably more frequent (140 occurrences). They serve to indicate external time reference points in the narrative, which is characterised by chronological inconsistencies and returns to events in the past. They are particularly frequent as the theme at the beginning of a chapter or a paragraph, as well as after an empty line, which indicates a new point of reference in the reminiscences of the past, and they express the ‘outer’ reference points of the objective time that are outside of the scope of the events of the main part. The content of the subordinate clause proves to be the most important part of the utterance, while the main clause provides it with an additional description of concomitant circumstances. Compound sentences with när (28 occurrences ) indicate the ‘inner’ time of the event of the main part, which is directly conditioned by the content of the subordinate clause. The analysis of the empirical material within one literary work allows for revealing the functional and semantic peculiarities of close but not identical linguistic units, conditioned by the inner logic of the narrative and not evident in utterances outside a given text and context.
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Kosovskaya, Tatiana, та Juan Zhou. "Algorithms for Checking Isomorphism of Two Elementary Conjunctiоns". У Computer Science and Information Technologies 2023. Institute for Informatics and Automation Problems, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.51408/csit2023_01.
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When solving AI problems related to the study of complex structured objects, a convenient tool for describing such objects is the predicate calculus language. The paper presents two algorithms for checking two elementary conjunctions of predicate formulas for isomorphism (matches up to the names of variables and the order of conjunctive terms). The first of the algorithms checks for isomorphism elementary conjunctions containing a single predicate symbol. In addition, if the formulas are isomorphic, then it finds a one-to-one correspondence between the arguments of these formulas. If all predicates are binary, the proposed algorithm is an algorithm for checking two directed graphs for isomorphism. The second algorithm checks for isomorphism elementary conjunctions containing several predicate symbols. Estimates of their time complexity are given for both algorithms.
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Kosovskaya, Tatiana, and Juan Zhou. "Algorithm for Extraction Common Properties of Objects Described in the Predicate Calculus Language with Several Predicate Symbols." In International Conference on Computer Science and Information Technologies. The University of Georgia, 2024. https://doi.org/10.62343/csit.2024.9.
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When solving artificial intelligence problems connected with the study of complex structured objects, a convenient tool for describing such objects is the language of predicate calculus. The paper presents two algorithms for the extraction of common properties of objects described in the predicate calculus language with predicate symbols. The first of the algorithms extracts maximal common subformulas for elementary conjunctions containing 2 predicate symbols. The second algorithm extracts maximal common subformulas for elementary conjunctions with several predicate symbols. Estimates of their time complexity are given for both algorithms. Both algorithms are implemented in Python.
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Kabulov, Anvar, Abdussattar Baizhumanov, Islambek Saymanov, and Mansur Berdimurodov. "Algorithms for Minimizing Disjunctions of Complex Conjunctions Based on First-Order Neighborhood Information for Solving Systems of Boolean Equations." In 2022 International Conference of Science and Information Technology in Smart Administration (ICSINTESA). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsintesa56431.2022.10041529.
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Kabulov, Anvar, Abdussattar Baizhumanov, Islambek Saymanov, and Mansur Berdimurodov. "Effective methods for solving systems of nonlinear equations of the algebra of logic based on disjunctions of complex conjunctions." In 2022 International Conference of Science and Information Technology in Smart Administration (ICSINTESA). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsintesa56431.2022.10041680.
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Minervini, Pasquale, Erik Arakelyan, Daniel Daza, and Michael Cochez. "Complex Query Answering with Neural Link Predictors (Extended Abstract)*." In Thirty-First International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-22}. International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2022/741.
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Neural link predictors are useful for identifying missing edges in large scale Knowledge Graphs. However, it is still not clear how to use these models for answering more complex queries containing logical conjunctions (∧), disjunctions (∨), and existential quantifiers (∃). We propose a framework for efficiently answering complex queries on in- complete Knowledge Graphs. We translate each query into an end-to-end differentiable objective, where the truth value of each atom is computed by a pre-trained neural link predictor. We then analyse two solutions to the optimisation problem, including gradient-based and combinatorial search. In our experiments, the proposed approach produces more accurate results than state-of-the-art methods — black-box models trained on millions of generated queries — without the need for training on a large and diverse set of complex queries. Using orders of magnitude less training data, we obtain relative improvements ranging from 8% up to 40% in Hits@3 across multiple knowledge graphs. We find that it is possible to explain the outcome of our model in terms of the intermediate solutions identified for each of the complex query atoms. All our source code and datasets are available online (https://github.com/uclnlp/cqd).
Reports on the topic "Complex conjunctions"
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Baader, Franz, Sebastian Brandt, and Carsten Lutz. Pushing the EL Envelope. Technische Universität Dresden, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.25368/2022.144.
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Recently, it has been shown that the small DL EL, which allows for conjunction and existential restrictions, has better algorithmic properties than its counterpart FL₀, which allows for conjunction and value restrictions. Whereas the subsumption problem in FL₀ becomes already intractable in the presence of aclyc TBoxes, it remains tractable in EL even w.r.t. general concept inclusion axioms (GCIs). On the one hand, we will extend the positive result for EL by identifying a set of expressive means that can be added to EL without sacrificing tractability. On the other hand, we will show that basically all other additions of typical DL constructors to EL with GCIs make subsumption intractable, and in most cases even EXPTIME-complete. In addition, we will show that subsumption in FL₀ with GCIs is EXPTIME-complete.
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Baader, Franz, and Ralf Molitor. Rewriting Concepts Using Terminologies. Aachen University of Technology, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.25368/2022.92.
Full textAbstract:
In this work we consider the inference problem of computing (minimal) rewritings of concept descriptions using defined concepts from a terminology. We introduce a general framework for this problem. For the small description logic FL₀, which provides us with conjunction and value restrictions, we show that the decision problem induced by the minimal rewriting problem is NP-complete.
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Baader, Franz. Terminological cycles in a description logic with existential restrictions. Technische Universität Dresden, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.25368/2022.120.
Full textAbstract:
Cyclic definitions in description logics have until now been investigated only for description logics allowing for value restrictions. Even for the most basic language FL₀, which allows for conjunction and value restrictions only, deciding subsumption in the presence of terminological cycles is a PSPACE-complete problem. This report investigates subsumption in the presence of terminological cycles for the language EL, which allows for conjunction and existential restrictions. In contrast to the results for FL₀, subsumption in EL remains polynomial, independent of wether we use least fixpoint semantics, greatest fixpoint semantics, or descriptive semantics. These results are shown via a characterization of subsumption through the existence of certain simulation relations between nodes of the description graph associated with a given cyclic terminology.
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Baader, Franz, and Ralf Küsters. Unification in a Description Logic with Transitive Closure of Roles. Aachen University of Technology, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.25368/2022.115.
Full textAbstract:
Unification of concept descriptions was introduced by Baader and Narendran as a tool for detecting redundancies in knowledge bases. It was shown that unification in the small description logic FL₀, which allows for conjunction, value restriction, and the top concept only, is already ExpTime-complete. The present paper shows that the complexity does not increase if one additionally allows for composition, union, and transitive closure of roles. It also shows that matching (which is polynomial in FL₀) is PSpace-complete in the extended description logic. These results are proved via a reduction to linear equations over regular languages, which are then solved using automata. The obtained results are also of interest in formal language theory.
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Baader, Franz, and Ralf Küsters. Matching Concept Descriptions with Existential Restrictions Revisited. Aachen University of Technology, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.25368/2022.98.
Full textAbstract:
An abridged version of this technical report has been submitted to KR 2000. Matching of concepts against patterns is a new inference task in Description Logics, which was originally motivated by applications of the CLASSIC system. Consequently, the work on this problem was until now mostly concerned with sublanguages of the Classic language, which does not allow for existential restrictions. Motivated by an application in chemical process engineering, which requires a description language with existential restrictions, this paper investigates the matching problem in Description Logics with existential restrictions. It turns out that existential restrictions make matching more complex in two respects. First, whereas matching in sublanguages of CLASSIC is polynomial, deciding the existence of matchers is an NP-complete problem in the presence of existential restrictions. Second, whereas in sublanguages of Classic solvable matching problems have a unique least matcher, this is not the case for languages with existential restrictions. Thus, it is not a priori clear which of the (possibly infinitely many) matchers should be returned by a matching algorithm. After determining the complexity of the decision problem, the present paper first investigates the question of what are 'interesting' sets of matchers, and then describes algorithms for computing these sets for the languages EL (which allows for conjunction and existential restrictions) and ALE (which additionally allows for value restrictions, primitive negation, and the bottom concept).
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Baader, Franz, and Ralf Küsters. Matching Concept Descriptions with Existential Restrictions Revisited. Aachen University of Technology, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.25368/2022.98.
Full textAbstract:
An abridged version of this technical report has been submitted to KR 2000. Matching of concepts against patterns is a new inference task in Description Logics, which was originally motivated by applications of the CLASSIC system. Consequently, the work on this problem was until now mostly concerned with sublanguages of the Classic language, which does not allow for existential restrictions. Motivated by an application in chemical process engineering, which requires a description language with existential restrictions, this paper investigates the matching problem in Description Logics with existential restrictions. It turns out that existential restrictions make matching more complex in two respects. First, whereas matching in sublanguages of CLASSIC is polynomial, deciding the existence of matchers is an NP-complete problem in the presence of existential restrictions. Second, whereas in sublanguages of Classic solvable matching problems have a unique least matcher, this is not the case for languages with existential restrictions. Thus, it is not a priori clear which of the (possibly infinitely many) matchers should be returned by a matching algorithm. After determining the complexity of the decision problem, the present paper first investigates the question of what are 'interesting' sets of matchers, and then describes algorithms for computing these sets for the languages EL (which allows for conjunction and existential restrictions) and ALE (which additionally allows for value restrictions, primitive negation, and the bottom concept).
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Baader, Franz, Oliver Fernández Gil, and Maximilian Pensel. Standard and Non-Standard Inferences in the Description Logic FL₀ Using Tree Automata. Technische Universität Dresden, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.25368/2022.240.
Full textAbstract:
Although being quite inexpressive, the description logic (DL) FL₀, which provides only conjunction, value restriction and the top concept as concept constructors, has an intractable subsumption problem in the presence of terminologies (TBoxes): subsumption reasoning w.r.t. acyclic FL₀ TBoxes is coNP-complete, and becomes even ExpTime-complete in case general TBoxes are used. In the present paper, we use automata working on infinite trees to solve both standard and non-standard inferences in FL₀ w.r.t. general TBoxes. First, we give an alternative proof of the ExpTime upper bound for subsumption in FL₀ w.r.t. general TBoxes based on the use of looping tree automata. Second, we employ parity tree automata to tackle non-standard inference problems such as computing the least common subsumer and the difference of FL₀ concepts w.r.t. general TBoxes.
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Tschirhart, V., S. Pehrsson, N. Wodicka, et al. Geophysical contributions to a synthesis of western Churchill geology and metallogeny, Northwest Territories, Nunavut, and Saskatchewan. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/332502.
Full textAbstract:
The geophysical data sets available for the western Churchill Province have had a bearing on the understanding of its structure, evolution, and metal endowment. New data were acquired and interpreted during the Geo-mapping for Energy and Minerals (GEM) program (2008-2020). Regional, high-resolution aeromagnetic, and targeted gravity and magnetotelluric surveys were collected in GEM, in conjunction with geological mapping projects, in order to provide control on bedrock features beneath widespread glacial overburden and flat-lying sedimentary basins. Quantitative estimates of three-dimensional geometry were obtained in key areas through geophysical models, integrating the geophysical characteristics with local rock-property measurements. These geophysical data sets contributed to new knowledge and interpretations in three related research fields: location and nature of Rae Craton's boundaries within the western Churchill Province; definition of internal Rae architecture; and identification of reactivated structures controlling gold and uranium mineralization. The new data, models, and emerging tectonic and metallogenic frameworks will serve as guides for future exploration in this remote, complex, challenging region.
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Carrillo, Carra, S. McKay, Safra Altman, and Todd Swannack. Ecological model development : Toolkit for interActive Modeling (TAM). Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/45101.
Full textAbstract:
Ecological models provide crucial tools for informing many aspects of ecosystem restoration and management, ranging from increasing understanding of complex ecological functions to prioritizing restoration sites and quantifying benefits for project reporting. The diversity of ecosystem types and restoration objectives often precludes the use of existing models; as such, model development is commonly required to inform restoration decision-making. Index-based habitat models are a common approach for assessing ecosystem condition. These models relate habitat quality to species’ distributions. Habitat suitability (quality) typically ranges on a scale from 0 to 1. Habitat models have been developed to assess habitat suitability for specific taxa, communities, or ecosystem functions. Restoration-project timelines often require that these models be developed rapidly and in conjunction with many external stakeholders or partners. Here, the Toolkit for interActive Modeling (TAM) is proposed as a platform for rapidly developing index-based models, particularly for US Army Corps of Engineers’ (USACE) ecosystem-restoration or mitigation planning processes. The TAM is a consistent quantitative framework that allows for development of a generic platform for index-based model development.
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Tschirhart, V., S. Pehrsson, N. Wodicka, et al. Geophysical contributions to a synthesis of western Churchill geology and metallogeny. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/330639.
Full textAbstract:
The geophysical data sets available for the western Churchill Province have had a bearing on the understanding of its structure, evolution and metal endowment. New data were acquired and interpreted during the Geo-mapping for Energy and Minerals (GEM) Program (2008-2020). Regional, high-resolution aeromagnetic, and targeted gravity and magnetotelluric surveys were collected in GEM, in conjunction with geological mapping projects, in order to provide control on bedrock features beneath widespread glacial overburden and flat-lying sedimentary basins. Quantitative estimates of three-dimensional geometry were obtained in key areas through geophysical models integrating the geophysical characteristics with local rock property measurements. These geophysical data sets contributed to new knowledge and interpretations in three related research fields: 1) location and nature of Rae cratonmp;gt;'s boundaries within the western Churchill Province; 2) definition of internal Rae architecture; and 3) identification of reactivated structures controlling gold and uranium mineralization. The new data, models and emerging tectonic and metallogenic frameworks will serve as guides for future exploration in this remote, complex, challenging region.