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Journal articles on the topic 'Complex Networks of treaties'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 11 March 2023

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1

Denters, Erik, and Tarcisio Gazzini. "The Role of African Regional Organizations in the Promotion and Protection of Foreign Investment." Journal of World Investment & Trade 18, no. 3 (2017): 449–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22119000-12340048.

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A complex, fragmented and heterogeneous network of domestic and international legal instruments promotes and protects foreign investment in Africa. While bilateral treaties seem to be increasingly unpopular, regionalism is clearly on the rise in the continent. The article examines how regional treaties have contributed to upgrade the current regulation of foreign investment. From this perspective, Africa can be seen as a normative laboratory. Regional treaties, most prominently those concluded within the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) and the Southern African Development Co

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2

Fang, Xinli, Qiang Yang, and Wenjun Yan. "Outer Synchronization between Complex Networks with Nonlinear Time-Delay Characteristics and Time-Varying Topological Structures." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2014 (2014): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/437673.

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This paper exploits the network outer synchronization problem in a generic context for complex networks with nonlinear time-delay characteristics and nonidentical time-varying topological structures. Based on the classic Lyapunov stability theory, the synchronization criteria and adaptive control strategy are presented, respectively, by adopting an appropriate Lyapunov-Krasovskii energy function and the convergence of the system error can also be well proved. The existing results of network outer synchronization can be obtained by giving certain conditions, for example, treating the coupling m

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Liu, Xiangrong, Zengyan Hong, Juan Liu, et al. "Computational methods for identifying the critical nodes in biological networks." Briefings in Bioinformatics 21, no. 2 (2019): 486–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bib/bbz011.

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Abstract A biological network is complex. A group of critical nodes determines the quality and state of such a network. Increasing studies have shown that diseases and biological networks are closely and mutually related and that certain diseases are often caused by errors occurring in certain nodes in biological networks. Thus, studying biological networks and identifying critical nodes can help determine the key targets in treating diseases. The problem is how to find the critical nodes in a network efficiently and with low cost. Existing experimental methods in identifying critical nodes ge

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SMITH, REGINALD D. "THE DYNAMICS OF INTERNET TRAFFIC: SELF-SIMILARITY, SELF-ORGANIZATION, AND COMPLEX PHENOMENA." Advances in Complex Systems 14, no. 06 (2011): 905–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219525911003451.

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The Internet is one of the largest and most complex communication and information exchange networks ever created. Therefore, its dynamics and traffic unsurprisingly take on a rich variety of complex dynamics, self-organization, and other phenomena that have been researched for years. This paper is a review of the complex dynamics of Internet traffic. Departing from normal treatises, we will take a view from both the network engineering and physics perspectives showing the strengths and weaknesses as well as insights of both. In addition, many less covered phenomena such as traffic oscillations

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Sacco, Pier Luigi, Alex Arenas, and Manlio De Domenico. "The Resilience of the Multirelational Structure of Geopolitical Treaties is Critically Linked to Past Colonial World Order and Offshore Fiscal Havens." Complexity 2023 (January 7, 2023): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/5280604.

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The governance of the political and economic world order builds on a complex architecture of international treaties at various geographical scales. In a historical phase of high institutional turbulence, assessing the stability of such architecture with respect to the unilateral defection of single countries and the breakdown of single treaties is important. We carry out this analysis on the whole global architecture and find that the countries with the highest disruption potential are mostly medium-small and micro countries. Political stability is highly dependent on many former colonial over

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Wiley, David J., Ilona Juan, Hao Le, et al. "Yeast Augmented Network Analysis (YANA): a new systems approach to identify therapeutic targets for human genetic diseases." F1000Research 3 (June 2, 2014): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.4188.1.

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Genetic interaction networks that underlie most human diseases are highly complex and poorly defined. Better-defined networks will allow identification of a greater number of therapeutic targets.Here we introduce our Yeast Augmented Network Analysis (YANA) approach and test it with the X-linked spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) disease gene UBA1. First, we express UBA1 and a mutant variant in fission yeast and use high-throughput methods to identify fission yeast genetic modifiers of UBA1. Second, we analyze available protein-protein interaction network databases in both fission yeast and human to

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Arel-Bundock, Vincent. "The Unintended Consequences of Bilateralism: Treaty Shopping and International Tax Policy." International Organization 71, no. 2 (2017): 349–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020818317000108.

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AbstractThe international tax system is a complex regime composed of thousands of bilateral tax treaties. These agreements coordinate policies between countries to avoid double taxation and encourage international investment. I argue that by solving this coordination problem on a bilateral basis, states have inadvertently created opportunities for treaty shopping by multinationals. These opportunities, in turn, reduce the potency of fiscal policy, put pressure on governments to change their domestic tax laws, and ultimately constrain state autonomy. This constraint is theoretically distinct fr

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Borschberg, Peter. "Luso-Johor-Dutch Relations in the Straits of Malacca and Singapore, c. 1600-1623." Itinerario 28, no. 2 (2004): 15–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0165115300019471.

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The study of the early European colonial presence in Asia has been stimulated in recent years by a series of excellent works. These have been both of general and specialist nature, written not only by historians, but also by political scientists as well as specialists of international relations. The truly excellent study published in 2002 by Edward Keene, can be taken as a point in case. Central to his revisitation of seventeenth-century treaties of the United Dutch East India Company (VOC) with the Emperor of Kandy, is the notion of divided sovereignty expounded by Hugo Grotius around 1600-16

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ZHENG DA-FANG, SHEN SHUN-QING, and TAO RUI-BAO. "AN EXTENDED GENERATING FUNCTION TECHNIQUE FOR TREATING RANDOM WALKS ON COMPLEX NETWORKS." Acta Physica Sinica 37, no. 11 (1988): 1823. http://dx.doi.org/10.7498/aps.37.1823.

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Kim, Rakhyun E. "Is Global Governance Fragmented, Polycentric, or Complex? The State of the Art of the Network Approach." International Studies Review 22, no. 4 (2019): 903–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/isr/viz052.

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Abstract International institutions such as treaties and organizations shape, and are shaped by, the large web-like architecture of global governance. Yet we know little about what this architecture looks like, why certain structures are observed, and how they are linked to the functioning of international institutions as well as the overall effectiveness of global governance. Over the past decade, network science has emerged as a promising and indispensable approach to unraveling structural nuances and complexities of the system of international institutions. This article presents a state-of-

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Passban, Peyman, Qun Liu, and Andy Way. "Providing Morphological Information for SMT Using Neural Networks." Prague Bulletin of Mathematical Linguistics 108, no. 1 (2017): 271–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pralin-2017-0026.

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Abstract Treating morphologically complex words (MCWs) as atomic units in translation would not yield a desirable result. Such words are complicated constituents with meaningful subunits. A complex word in a morphologically rich language (MRL) could be associated with a number of words or even a full sentence in a simpler language, which means the surface form of complex words should be accompanied with auxiliary morphological information in order to provide a precise translation and a better alignment. In this paper we follow this idea and propose two different methods to convey such informat

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Magruk, Andrzej. "The Desirable Systemic Uncertainty in Complex IoT Sensor Networks—General Anticipatory Foresight Perspective." Sensors 22, no. 5 (2022): 1698. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22051698.

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A wide methodological spectrum regarding future research is offered by anticipation studies, with a special role of foresight studies. Many studies of this type focus on generating the desired future, taking into account the fact that it is accompanied by uncertainty. The author of this publication postulates treating uncertainty as an equivalent—in relation to the future—research object. This approach allows us to formulate general assumptions for a model of the anticipatory management of systemic uncertainty in IoT networks. The goal of such a model will not be to eliminate or even minimize

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Besnard, Eric, Adeline Schmitz, Hamid Hefazi, and Rahul Shinde. "Constructive Neural Networks and Their Application to Ship Multidisciplinary Design Optimization." Journal of Ship Research 51, no. 04 (2007): 297–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/jsr.2007.51.4.297.

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This paper presents a neural network-based response surface method for reducing the cost of computer-intensive optimizations for applications in ship design. In the approach, complex or costly analyses are replaced by a neural network, which is used to instantaneously estimate the value of the function(s) of interest. The cost of the optimization is shifted to the generation of (smaller) data sets used for training the network. The focus of the paper is on the use and analysis of constructive networks, as opposed to networks of fixed size, for treating problems with a large number of variables

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Deng, Xiaodong, Yuhua Liang, Jianmei Hu, and Yuhui Yang. "Studies on the Mechanism of Gegen Qinlian Decoction in Treating Diabetes Mellitus Based on Network Pharmacology." Natural Product Communications 16, no. 1 (2021): 1934578X2098213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x20982138.

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Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease that is very common and seriously threatens patient health. Gegen Qinlian decoction (GQD) has long been applied clinically, but its mechanism in pharmacology has not been extensively and systematically studied. A GQD protein interaction network and diabetes protein interaction network were constructed based on the methods of system biology. Functional module analysis, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis, and Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis were carried out on the 2 networks. The hub nodes were filtered by comparative analy

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Hey, Ellen. "The International Regime for the Protection of the North Sea: From Functional Approaches to a More Integrated Approach." International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law 17, no. 3 (2002): 325–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157180802x00107.

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AbstractThe international regime for the North Sea functions within a complex network of multilateral and regional treaties and institutions, without the existence of a treaty that focuses on the overall protection of the North Sea ecosystem. Nevertheless, a North Sea regime can be identified. This essay shows that that regime has moved from more functional approaches to a more integrated approach. It describes the legal and institutional framework in which the North Sea regime is situated, discusses relevant geographical and geopolitical factors and analyses how the process of change emerged

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Liu, Pei-Pei, Ya-Jie Xu, Zhao-Qian Teng, and Chang-Mei Liu. "Polycomb Repressive Complex 2: Emerging Roles in the Central Nervous System." Neuroscientist 24, no. 3 (2017): 208–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1073858417747839.

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The polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) is responsible for catalyzing both di- and trimethylation of histone H3 at lysine 27 (H3K27me2/3). The subunits of PRC2 are widely expressed in the central nervous system (CNS). PRC2 as well as H3K27me2/3, play distinct roles in neuronal identity, proliferation and differentiation of neural stem/progenitor cells, neuronal morphology, and gliogenesis. Mutations or dysregulations of PRC2 subunits often cause neurological diseases. Therefore, PRC2 might represent a common target of different pathological processes that drive neurodegenerative diseases. A b

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O’Connor, Manjula. "Dowry-related domestic violence and complex posttraumatic stress disorder: a case report." Australasian Psychiatry 25, no. 4 (2017): 351–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1039856217700464.

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Objectives: This paper draws attention to the mental health impact of coercive practice of dowry demands, associated with domestic violence (DV) in an immigrant woman. Methods: This study was based on a case report and selective literature review. Results: This case history illustrates the serious mental health impacts of repeated emotional and physical trauma inflicted by a husband who was dissatisfied with his wife’s dowry. Bio-psycho-social / cultural aspects of mental health treatments needed to be augmented with attention to safety, advocacy, and access to support networks. Conclusions: C

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18

von Stein, Jana. "Exploring the Universe of UN Human Rights Agreements." Journal of Conflict Resolution 62, no. 4 (2017): 871–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022002717721395.

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The international human rights (HR) regime is vast and complex. Yet, most of what we know about it draws from a handful of agreements, often chosen for their prominence and/or perceived centrality to the HR project. This article argues that HR research needs to expand its scope to encompass all agreements in this realm, and presents a new data resource that enables scholars to accomplish that goal. Using the data, I demonstrate that the literature has painted an unrepresentative portrait of HR agreements. In addition to making comprehensive analysis possible, the database moves the literature

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19

Rixen, Thomas, and Ingo Rohlfing. "The Institutional Choice of Bilateralism and Multilateralism in International Trade and Taxation." International Negotiation 12, no. 3 (2007): 389–414. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/138234007x240718.

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AbstractTrade relations are governed by a multilateral agreement, whereas the avoidance of double taxation rests on a network of about 2000 separate bilateral treaties. What accounts for the difference in the institutional form? Distinguishing between the bargaining and agreement stage of international cooperation, we first show that the institutional design of both regimes is more complex than commonly assumed. Both exhibit a mix of bilateral and multilateral bargaining that precedes multilateral agreement in trade and bilateral agreement in taxation. We demonstrate that in both regimes, gove

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Notarianni, MaryAnn, and Fardous Hosseiny. "Accounting for Complexity and Context in Implementation through Coaching, Convening, and Co-Design: A New Intermediary’s Approach." Canadian Journal of Community Mental Health 40, no. 3 (2021): 81–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.7870/cjcmh-2021-024.

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The Centre of Excellence on PTSD (the Centre) is a new Canadian intermediary established in part to support the uptake of evidence-based practices among service providers treating veterans. Given the unique and complex landscape for veteran mental health service delivery, the Centre is developing networks and prioritizing co-design to address anticipated implementation challenges.

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21

Ren, Keguo, Xining Li, and Qimin Zhang. "Near-optimal control and threshold behavior of an avian influenza model with spatial diffusion on complex networks." Mathematical Biosciences and Engineering 18, no. 5 (2021): 6452–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/mbe.2021321.

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<abstract><p>Near-optimization is as sensible and important as optimization for both theory and applications. This paper concerns the near-optimal control of an avian influenza model with saturation on heterogeneous complex networks. Firstly, the basic reproduction number $ \mathcal{R}_{0} $ is defined for the model, which can be used to govern the threshold dynamics of influenza disease. Secondly, the near-optimal control problem was formulated by slaughtering poultry and treating infected humans while keeping the loss and cost to a minimum. Thanks to the maximum condition of the

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Ma, Gang, Yuhang Chen, Wenliang Zhu, et al. "Evaluating and Visualizing the Contribution of ECG Characteristic Waveforms for PPG-Based Blood Pressure Estimation." Micromachines 13, no. 9 (2022): 1438. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi13091438.

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Non-invasive continuous blood pressure monitoring is of great significance for the preventing, diagnosing, and treating of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Studies have demonstrated that photoplethysmogram (PPG) and electrocardiogram (ECG) signals can effectively and continuously predict blood pressure (BP). However, most of the BP estimation models focus on the waveform features of the PPG signal, while the peak value of R-wave in ECG is only used as a time reference, and few references investigated the ECG waveforms. This paper aims to evaluate the influence of three characteristic waveforms

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Moosavi, S. Amin, and Wilson Truccolo. "Criticality in probabilistic models of spreading dynamics in brain networks: Epileptic seizures." PLOS Computational Biology 19, no. 2 (2023): e1010852. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010852.

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The spread of seizures across brain networks is the main impairing factor, often leading to loss-of-consciousness, in people with epilepsy. Despite advances in recording and modeling brain activity, uncovering the nature of seizure spreading dynamics remains an important challenge to understanding and treating pharmacologically resistant epilepsy. To address this challenge, we introduce a new probabilistic model that captures the spreading dynamics in patient-specific complex networks. Network connectivity and interaction time delays between brain areas were estimated from white-matter tractog

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van der Lee, Marije L., and Melanie P. J. Schellekens. "Capturing the complexity of mental disorders in the medically ill: the network approach on behavioral medicine." Translational Behavioral Medicine 10, no. 3 (2019): 812–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tbm/ibz019.

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Abstract Since Descartes introduced dualism, body and mind have been seen as separate entities. The latent disease model, the view that symptoms are caused by an underlying disease, was possible within the dualistic paradigm. This paradigm, although successful in some aspects of medicine, is also assumed to underlie psychiatric disorders. As an alternative to the latent disease model, the network approach conceptualizes disorders as complex networks of causally connected symptoms. It offers a new way of understanding psychiatric disorders by directing attention away from the underlying cause a

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Jeevani, M. "Prediction of Retinal diseases using Convolutional Neural Networks." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 7 (2022): 449–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.45242.

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Abstract: Eye diseases are the common diseases people are facing nowadays. Even people of all ages ranging from children to old are affected due to eye diseases. Some diseases will become very complex if they are untreated at an early stage. To overcome such problems early detection and treatment is required which could prevent vision loss. For many, eye disorders have become almost a part of their daily lives. Traditionally, retinal disease detection techniques were based on manual description. The WHO (World Health Organization) finds that there are millions of visually impaired people all o

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Sanchez-Sanchez, Paola A., José Rafael García-González, and Juan Manuel Rúa Ascar. "Automatic migraine classification using artificial neural networks." F1000Research 9 (June 16, 2020): 618. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.23181.1.

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Background: Previous studies of migraine classification have focused on the analysis of brain waves, leading to the development of complex tests that are not accessible to the majority of the population. In the early stages of this pathology, patients tend to go to the emergency services or outpatient department, where timely identification largely depends on the expertise of the physician and continuous monitoring of the patient. However, owing to the lack of time to make a proper diagnosis or the inexperience of the physician, migraines are often misdiagnosed either because they are wrongly

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Sanchez-Sanchez, Paola A., José Rafael García-González, and Juan Manuel Rúa Ascar. "Automatic migraine classification using artificial neural networks." F1000Research 9 (July 17, 2020): 618. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.23181.2.

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Background: Previous studies of migraine classification have focused on the analysis of brain waves, leading to the development of complex tests that are not accessible to the majority of the population. In the early stages of this pathology, patients tend to go to the emergency services or outpatient department, where timely identification largely depends on the expertise of the physician and continuous monitoring of the patient. However, owing to the lack of time to make a proper diagnosis or the inexperience of the physician, migraines are often misdiagnosed either because they are wrongly

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Dong, Weifan, Xin Chen, Xi Huang, Adam Fekete, Lu-yang Wang, and Hongwei Liu. "CNSC-28. IDENTIFICATION OF EAG2-KVß2 POTASSIUM CHANNEL COMPLEX IN NEURON-GBM COMMUNICATIONS REVEALS GBM VULNERABILITY TO DESIGNER INTERFERENCE PEPTIDE." Neuro-Oncology 24, Supplement_7 (2022): vii28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noac209.109.

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Abstract Glioblastomas (GBMs) are the most aggressive brain tumors. GBM cells form extensive tumoral networks to communicate with each other and with surrounding neurons. Neuronal activity promotes GBM cell proliferation by secreting protumorigenic factors and triggering neuronal-activity-dependent Ca2+ transients, which are persisted and transmitted via tumor networks to promote overall tumor growth and therapy resistance. While how these processes are regulated is largely unknown. Here we show the GBM networks and Ca2+ transients are regulated by a voltage-gated potassium channel complex com

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Havbro Faber, Michael, Inger B. Kroon, Eva Kragh, David Bayly, and Patrick Decosemaeker. "Risk Assessment of Decommissioning Options Using Bayesian Networks." Journal of Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering 124, no. 4 (2002): 231–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1491974.

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For complex and costly decommissioning activities, it is beneficial, if not necessary, that all relevant risks are identified and assessed on an overall basis, treating and assessing all risks within the same theoretical framework. Only then may the different options be consistently compared and the risks associated with decommissioning demonstrated and documented to the different parties of interest. The present paper suggests an approach for assessing the risks associated with the decommissioning of offshore facilities. The approach takes basis in a discrete point in time representation of t

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Guscott, Martin R., Stacy L. Cooper, Poonam Bagai, et al. "Research and Care Networks in Acute Leukemia As a Model for Global Healthcare Collaboration." Blood 138, Supplement 1 (2021): 4966. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2021-147876.

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Abstract Introduction: Clinicians in academia face four major career challenges: Gaining clinical advice from colleagues experienced in a particular disease or treatment Experiencing Life-long coaching and mentoring from senior experienced clinicians Accessing high quality continuing medical education relevant for patient care Support to carry out medical research All four challenges have been adversely impacted during the Covid-19 pandemic as traditional face-to-face networks have become harder to access. This is especially pertinent when treating complex or rare diseases like acute lymphobla

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Boulter, Luke, Esme Bullock, Zeanap Mabruk, and Valerie G. Brunton. "The fibrotic and immune microenvironments as targetable drivers of metastasis." British Journal of Cancer 124, no. 1 (2020): 27–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41416-020-01172-1.

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AbstractAlthough substantial progress has been made over the past 40 years in treating patients with cancer, effective therapies for those who are diagnosed with advanced metastatic disease are still few and far between. Cancer cells do not exist in isolation: rather, they exist within a complex microenvironment composed of stromal cells and extracellular matrix. Within this tumour microenvironment exists an interplay between the two main stromal cell subtypes, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and immune cells, that are important in controlling metastasis. A complex network of paracrine si

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Sadirbajevs, Felikss. "A Nullclines Approach to the Study of 2D Artificial Network." Contemporary Mathematics 1, no. 1 (2019): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.37256/cm.11201976.1-11.

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  The system of two the first order ordinary differential equations arising in the gene regulatory networks theory is studied. The structure of attractors for this system is described for three important behavioral cases: activation, inhibition, mixed activation-inhibition. The geometrical approach combined with the vector field analysis allows treating the problem in full generality. A number of propositions are stated and the proof is geometrical, avoiding complex analytic. Although not all the possible cases are considered, the instructions are given what to do in any particular

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Ratliff, M., S. Schlieper-Scherf, D. Hausmann, et al. "P13.12 Effect of tumor treating fields on tumor microtubes in glioma." Neuro-Oncology 23, Supplement_2 (2021): ii35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noab180.120.

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Abstract BACKGROUND Tumor microtubes (TMs) are ultralong membrane protrusions of tumor cells in astrocytic gliomas, including glioblastomas. TMs are used as routes for brain invasion and for cells to interconnect over long distances resulting in a functional network that allows multicellular communication. This network mediates resistance against the cytotoxicity of radiation and chemotherapy. One explanation for TM network protection is a better homeostasis of calcium ions that would otherwise increase to toxic intracellular levels in response to these therapies. Our working hypothesis is tha

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Ali, Sarwan, Muhammad Haroon Shakeel, Imdadullah Khan, Safiullah Faizullah, and Muhammad Asad Khan. "Predicting Attributes of Nodes Using Network Structure." ACM Transactions on Intelligent Systems and Technology 12, no. 2 (2021): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3442390.

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In many graphs such as social networks, nodes have associated attributes representing their behavior. Predicting node attributes in such graphs is an important task with applications in many domains like recommendation systems, privacy preservation, and targeted advertisement. Attribute values can be predicted by treating each node as a data point described by attributes and employing classification/regression algorithms. However, in social networks, there is complex interdependence between node attributes and pairwise interaction. For instance, attributes of nodes are influenced by their neig

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Batalov, A. A. "The Sources of International Air Law: Current Issues of Theory and Practice." Moscow Journal of International Law, no. 3 (December 26, 2020): 64–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/0869-0049-2020-3-64-90.

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INTRODUCTION. Within the context of the theory of ‘the concordance of the wills of States’ developed in the Russian doctrine of international law and on the basis of the contemporary practice of States and international aviation organizations (in particular, International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO)) the author examines the process of rule-making and the sources of international air law.MATERIALS AND METHODS. The present research has been conducted on the basis of international air law treaties, the ICAO documents, as well as the works of Russian and foreign international law experts. T

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Jha, Kailash, and Manish Kumar Mishra. "Object-oriented integrated algorithms for efficient water pipe network by modified Hardy Cross technique." Journal of Computational Design and Engineering 7, no. 1 (2020): 56–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jcde/qwaa006.

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Abstract In this work, object-oriented integrated algorithms for an efficient flow analysis of the water pipe network are developed. This is achieved by treating the pipe network as a graph data structure with its nodes as the graph’s nodes and the pipes as the edges. The algorithm for cycle (real cycle or pseudo-cycle) extraction has been developed using nested breadth-first search that gives ordered cycles. Pseudo-loops are found using the shortest path algorithm between the nodes. Pipes are initialized loop by loop using conservation of mass at nodes. A modified Hardy Cross method is used i

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Oh, Ki-Kwang, Ye-Rin Choi, Haripriya Gupta, et al. "Identification of Gut Microbiome Metabolites via Network Pharmacology Analysis in Treating Alcoholic Liver Disease." Current Issues in Molecular Biology 44, no. 7 (2022): 3253–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cimb44070224.

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Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is linked to a broad spectrum of diseases, including diabetes, hypertension, atherosclerosis, and even liver carcinoma. The ALD spectrum includes alcoholic fatty liver disease (AFLD), alcoholic hepatitis, and cirrhosis. Most recently, some reports demonstrated that the pathogenesis of ALD is strongly associated with metabolites of human microbiota. AFLD was the onset of disease among ALDs, the initial cause of which is alcohol consumption. Thus, we analyzed the significant metabolites of microbiota against AFLD via the network pharmacology concept. The metabolites

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Dovgan, K. E. "The Development of Framework Legal Regulation in the Field of Delimitation of Subjects of Jurisdiction and Powers of Federal Government Bodies of the Russian Federation and Its Subjects." Siberian Law Review 19, no. 3 (2022): 233–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.19073/2658-7602-2022-19-3-233-244.

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The article analyzes individual legal acts regulating the issues of delimitation of the jurisdiction and powers of the Russian Federation and the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in terms of legal technique, in particular, the presence of elements of a framework legal regulation. Separate aspects of framework legal regulation from the point of view of constitutional law, the purpose of this study is to study the legal technique, tools of framework legal regulation. The mechanism of framework legal regulation exists in the field of delimitation of the subjects of jurisdiction and

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Weber, W. J. "Distributed optimal technology networks: a concept and strategy for potable water sustainability." Water Science and Technology 46, no. 6-7 (2002): 241–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2002.0685.

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Viable strategies for ensuring adequate supplies of potable water are essential to long-term societal sustainability. The steadily increasing necessity for multiple reuse of water in urban societies is even now taxing our technical and financial abilities to meet ongoing needs for water suitable for human consumption. As a consequence, the current practice of treating the entire water demands of urban communities to the increasingly stringent standards required for drinking water is becoming an unsustainable practice, and thus a questionable strategy for planning and development of urban water

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Sadarangani, Tina, Jeannette Beasley, and Shannon E. Jarrott. "LEVERAGING COMMUNITIES AS NETWORKS TO REDUCE MALNUTRITION IN OLDER ADULTS." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (2019): S226—S227. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.834.

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Abstract Malnutrition in older adults, while ubiquitous, remains largely underrecognized and undertreated. In community-dwelling older adults, 25% of those at risk of over or under nutrition do not receive any dietary interventions; routine screenings for malnutrition are not typically required in community-based settings. In this interdisciplinary symposium, we explore issues focused on the delivery of evidence-based nutrition interventions to meet the needs of community-dwelling older adults. Using national survey data, we begin by underscoring the importance of treating the complex needs of

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Xie, Fuda, Mingxiang Xie, Yibing Yang, et al. "Assessing the Anti-inflammatory Mechanism of Reduning Injection by Network Pharmacology." BioMed Research International 2020 (December 16, 2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/6134098.

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Reduning Injection (RDNI) is a traditional Chinese medicine formula indicated for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. However, the molecular mechanism of RDNI is unclear. The information of RDNI ingredients was collected from previous studies. Targets of them were obtained by data mining and molecular docking. The information of targets and related pathways was collected in UniProt and KEGG. Networks were constructed and analyzed by Cytoscape to identify key compounds, targets, and pathways. Data mining and molecular docking identified 11 compounds, 84 targets, and 201 pathways that are re

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Wei, Wei, Todd K. Leen, and Etienne Barnard. "A Fast Histogram-Based Postprocessor That Improves Posterior Probability Estimates." Neural Computation 11, no. 5 (1999): 1235–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/089976699300016430.

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Although the outputs of neural network classifiers are often considered to be estimates of posterior class probabilities, the literature that assesses the calibration accuracy of these estimates illustrates that practical networks often fall far short of being ideal estimators. The theorems used to justify treating network outputs as good posterior estimates are based on several assumptions: that the network is sufficiently complex to model the posterior distribution accurately, that there are sufficient training data to specify the network, and that the optimization routine is capable of find

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Moskow, Danielle M., Clarissa W. Ong, Steven C. Hayes, and Stefan G. Hofmann. "Process-based therapy: A personalized approach to treatment." Journal of Experimental Psychopathology 14, no. 1 (2023): 204380872311528. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20438087231152848.

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Historically, evidence-based treatment has followed the latent disease model, which emphasizes using specific protocols tied to diagnoses. Today, the field continues to move towards an individual approach with models of treatment based on change processes. Here, we describe Process-Based Therapy (PBT), a new way of thinking that is moving away from nomothetic studies of diagnosis-driven interventions toward an individual approach to treatment that recognizes the complexity of human suffering. In PBT, therapists select from a wide range of evidence-based interventions, tailoring treatment to me

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Yu, Shui-Lian, Woon-Pang Kuan, Chun-Kwok Wong, Edmund K. Li, and Lai-Shan Tam. "Immunopathological Roles of Cytokines, Chemokines, Signaling Molecules, and Pattern-Recognition Receptors in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus." Clinical and Developmental Immunology 2012 (2012): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/715190.

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Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease with unknown etiology affecting more than one million individuals each year. It is characterized by B- and T-cell hyperactivity and by defects in the clearance of apoptotic cells and immune complexes. Understanding the complex process involved and the interaction between various cytokines, chemokines, signaling molecules, and pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) in the immune pathways will provide valuable information on the development of novel therapeutic targets for treating SLE. In this paper, we review the immunopathological role

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Kessler, Steven, Dennis Schroeder, Sergej Korlakov, et al. "Predicting readmission to the cardiovascular intensive care unit using recurrent neural networks." DIGITAL HEALTH 9 (January 2023): 205520762211495. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20552076221149529.

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If a patient can be discharged from an intensive care unit (ICU) is usually decided by the treating physicians based on their clinical experience. However, nowadays limited capacities and growing socioeconomic burden of our health systems increase the pressure to discharge patients as early as possible, which may lead to higher readmission rates and potentially fatal consequences for the patients. Therefore, here we present a long short-term memory-based deep learning model (LSTM) trained on time series data from Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care (MIMIC-III) dataset to assist physici

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Georgiev, Dejan, Harith Akram, and Marjan Jahanshahi. "Deep brain stimulation for psychiatric disorders: role of imaging in identifying/confirming DBS targets, predicting, and optimizing outcome and unravelling mechanisms of action." Psychoradiology 1, no. 3 (2021): 118–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/psyrad/kkab012.

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Abstract Following the established application of deep brain stimulation (DBS) in the treatment of movement disorders, new non-neurological indications have emerged, such as for obsessive–compulsive disorders, major depressive disorder, dementia, Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome, anorexia nervosa, and addictions. As DBS is a network modulation surgical treatment, the development of DBS for both neurological and psychiatric disorders has been partly driven by advances in neuroimaging, which has helped explain the brain networks implicated. Advances in magnetic resonance imaging connectivity and e

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Milovanović, Miroslav, Alexandru Oarcea, Saša Nikolić, Andjela Djordjević, and Miodrag Spasić. "An Approach to Networking a New Type of Artificial Orthogonal Glands within Orthogonal Endocrine Neural Networks." Applied Sciences 12, no. 11 (2022): 5372. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12115372.

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Currently, artificial intelligence and intelligent algorithms for the control of dynamic systems are the main focus for building Industry 4.0 services and developing novel, innovative industrial solutions. This paper proposes a novel intelligent control structure specifically tailored for treating environmental stimuli and disturbances in operational environments of dynamic systems. The structure is based on the Orthogonal Endocrine Neural Network (OENN) and Artificial Orthogonal Glands (AOGs). The operational mechanism of each AOG acquires and processes environmental stimuli and generates art

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Filippello, Agnese, Stefania Di Mauro, Alessandra Scamporrino, et al. "High Glucose Exposure Impairs L-Cell Differentiation in Intestinal Organoids: Molecular Mechanisms and Clinical Implications." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 13 (2021): 6660. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22136660.

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Intestinal organoids are used to analyze the differentiation of enteroendocrine cells (EECs) and to manipulate their density for treating type 2 diabetes. EEC differentiation is a continuous process tightly regulated in the gut by a complex regulatory network. However, the effect of chronic hyperglycemia, in the modulation of regulatory networks controlling identity and differentiation of EECs, has not been analyzed. This study aimed to investigate the effect of glucotoxicity on EEC differentiation in small intestinal organoid platforms. Mouse intestinal organoids were cultured in the presence

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Nuzziello, Nicoletta, Francesco Craig, Marta Simone, et al. "Integrated Analysis of microRNA and mRNA Expression Profiles: An Attempt to Disentangle the Complex Interaction Network in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder." Brain Sciences 9, no. 10 (2019): 288. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci9100288.

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Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a childhood-onset neurodevelopmental disorder, whose etiology and pathogenesis are still largely unknown. In order to uncover novel regulatory networks and molecular pathways possibly related to ADHD, we performed an integrated miRNA and mRNA expression profiling analysis in peripheral blood samples of children with ADHD and age-matched typically developing (TD) children. The expression levels of 13 miRNAs were evaluated with microfluidic qPCR, and differentially expressed (DE) mRNAs were detected on an Illumina HiSeq 2500 genome analyzer. The

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N, Jothy, Jayanthi K, and Gunasundari R. "A Combined Modified OpportunisticNeighbor Selection and Vehicle Localization Routing Approach for Improved Connectivity in Indian Road Scenario." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 3.16 (2018): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.4.16182.

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In the recent years, VANET is becoming a spectacular research area in wireless networks. The high mobility vehicular node in VANET dynamically changes the network topology resulting in highly unstable vehicle connectivity. This induces network partitioning and hence ensuring link availability remains to be a challenging task. To surpass these issues, design of efficient VANET routing algorithms is necessary. The routing design for VANET scenario is highly complex and challenging making the existing AODV, greedy, cluster based routing algorithms to suffer from degraded link quality resulting in

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